CN117247530A - 长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117247530A CN117247530A CN202311373705.3A CN202311373705A CN117247530A CN 117247530 A CN117247530 A CN 117247530A CN 202311373705 A CN202311373705 A CN 202311373705A CN 117247530 A CN117247530 A CN 117247530A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- polyester elastomer
- long
- mildew
- zinc
- imidazole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002962 imidazol-1-yl group Chemical group [*]N1C([H])=NC([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- VJXCLSZDBWNUJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-di(imidazol-1-yl)terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)c1cc(c(cc1-n1ccnc1)C(O)=O)-n1ccnc1 VJXCLSZDBWNUJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JRINQBFJTVHGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-di(imidazol-1-yl)benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)c1cc(C(O)=O)c(cc1-n1ccnc1)-n1ccnc1 JRINQBFJTVHGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940083957 1,2-butanediol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- PIPQOFRJDBZPFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC2=C1NC=N2 PIPQOFRJDBZPFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WSXIMVDZMNWNRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony;ethane-1,2-diol Chemical compound [Sb].OCCO WSXIMVDZMNWNRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-IMJSIDKUSA-N cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CN[C@H](C(O)=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JVLRYPRBKSMEBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxystibanyl acetate Chemical compound [Sb+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O JVLRYPRBKSMEBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- JGFBRKRYDCGYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(oxo)tin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](=O)CCCC JGFBRKRYDCGYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LQRUPWUPINJLMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl(oxo)tin Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Sn](=O)CCCCCCCC LQRUPWUPINJLMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940119177 germanium dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
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- UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium acetate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- REOJLIXKJWXUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N mofebutazone Chemical group O=C1C(CCCC)C(=O)NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 REOJLIXKJWXUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000314 zinc acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013904 zinc acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- C08G63/685—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen
- C08G63/6854—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/6856—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N55/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
- A01N55/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur containing metal atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P1/00—Disinfectants; Antimicrobial compounds or mixtures thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
- C08G63/668—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/672—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/91—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G63/914—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/916—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体及其制备方法，属于聚酯弹性体技术领域。其技术方案为：包括以下步骤：S1以对苯二甲酸、含咪唑基二甲酸、脂肪族二元醇、聚醚二元醇为原料，加入催化剂及其他助剂进行酯化反应；S2随后进行缩聚反应，得到含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体；S3将含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体浸泡在锌离子溶液中，取出后离心干燥得到负载锌离子的聚酯弹性体。本发明先制备得到含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体，然后依靠咪唑基团与锌离子间较强的配位作用，使得抗菌剂不容易溶出，可使该功能母粒具有长效抗菌防霉效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚酯弹性体技术领域，具体涉及一种长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体及其制备方法。
背景技术
热塑性聚酯弹性体又称TPEE，它主要以结晶度高、熔点高的聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇脂（PBT）为硬段（结晶相），以玻璃化转变温度较低的聚醚或聚酯为软段（非晶相）。TPEE在常温下显示硫化橡胶的高弹性，而高温下又像热塑性塑料一样易于加工成型，兼具硫化橡胶和热塑性塑料的特性。
TPEE的研究始于1950年左右，由于其综合力学性能高、耐热性优异、耐化学性及耐候性突出等特点，现已经广泛应用于汽车、电子电器、工业制品、体育用品、薄膜、医疗、共混合金等领域。但是TPEE材料长期使用会导致细菌、霉菌滋生，影响人体健康与安全。
现有抗菌防霉材料大多数是直接加入无机抗菌材料或混入有机抗菌剂，其分散的均一性差、抗菌效果不持久、与树脂的相容性差、小分子抗菌剂易渗出等问题，使其使用受到一定限制。常见抗菌防霉材料一般含有银离子、锌离子和铜离子，但由于这几种阳离子与聚酯分子之间缺乏分子间作用力，很容易在长期使用过程中失去抗菌防霉效果。中国发明专利CN102115533B公开了一种信号线用的抗菌防霉热塑性弹性体材料及其制法，其通过浸泡有机中草药和无机抗菌矿石共同实现热塑性聚醚酯弹性体的抗菌功能，但其易析出，抗菌长效性差。
中国发明专利CN108456418A公开了一种阻燃抗霉菌热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料，其所述防霉剂为无机抗菌剂和/或有机抗菌剂，其中无机抗菌剂为银离子抗菌剂、铜离子抗菌剂和锌离子抗菌剂中的至少一种，有机抗菌剂为香草醛或乙基香草醛类化合物、苯胺类、咪唑类、噻唑类、异噻唑酮衍生物、季铵盐类、双胍类、酚类中的至少一种，但是仅通过双螺杆挤出机进行共混使得该抗菌剂易析出，抗菌性能会随着时间增加而降低。中国发明专利CN116536788A公开了一种含咪唑环结构的抗菌聚酯纤维及其制备方法，其将聚酯预聚体与抗菌功能单体2-羟基-3-咪唑-1-基-丙酸进行真空缩聚，制得抗菌聚酯材料，所述咪唑环结构通过共价键的方式与聚酯分子链连接，抗菌性能稳定。但其通过引入咪唑环，仅提及了对大肠杆菌具有良好的抗菌性能，而未涉及对霉菌的杀灭效果，并且很多霉菌比大肠杆菌更难杀灭，危害性更大。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：克服现有技术的不足，提供一种长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体及其制备方法，先制备得到含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体，然后依靠咪唑基团与锌离子间较强的配位作用，使得抗菌剂不容易溶出，可使该功能母粒具有长效抗菌防霉效果。
本发明的技术方案为：
一方面，本发明提供了一种长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体，包括以下步骤：
S1以对苯二甲酸、含咪唑基二甲酸、脂肪族二元醇、聚醚二元醇为原料，加入催化剂及其他助剂进行酯化反应；
S2随后进行缩聚反应，得到含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体；
S3将含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体浸泡在锌离子溶液中，取出后离心干燥得到负载锌离子的聚酯弹性体。
优选地，所述含咪唑基二甲酸为5-(1H-咪唑-1-基)-1,3-苯二甲酸、2,5-二(1H-咪唑-1-基)对苯二酸、4,6-二(1H-咪唑-1-基)间苯二甲酸和苯并咪唑-5,6-二甲酸中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述脂肪族二元醇为乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、新戊二醇、二甘醇、1,4-环己二醇和1,4-环己烷二甲醇中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述聚醚二元醇为聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇和聚四亚甲基醚二醇中的一种或多种；聚醚二元醇的数均分子量为500-5000。
优选地，所述催化剂为醋酸锌、醋酸镁、醋酸钙、二氧化钛、二氧化锗、三氧化二锑、醋酸锑、乙二醇锑、聚乙二醇锑、三异丁基铝、氧化二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、单丁基三异辛酸锡、氧化二辛基锡、钛酸四丁酯和钛酸异丙酯中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述其他助剂包括抗氧剂、防老化剂、光稳定剂、热稳定剂、脱模剂、颜料、润滑剂和消光剂中的一种或多种；锌离子溶液中，锌离子来自氯化锌、硫化锌、硫酸锌、醋酸锌或硝酸锌溶液，锌离子溶液的溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、丙酮或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
优选地，所述含咪唑基二甲酸占二元酸总质量的5-20%，二元酸与脂肪族二元醇的摩尔比为1:1.2-2，二元酸与聚醚二元醇的质量比为0.25-4:1，催化剂的质量为聚酯弹性体单体总质量的0.01-1%，其他助剂的质量为聚酯弹性体单体总质量的1-10%，其中聚酯弹性体单体是指对苯二甲酸、含咪唑基二甲酸、脂肪族二元醇和聚醚二元醇。
优选地，步骤S1中，酯化反应温度为180-240℃，反应时间为0.5-2h；步骤S2中，缩聚反应温度为230-260℃，反应时间为2-4h，真空度小于100pa。
优选地，步骤S3中，锌离子与含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体的摩尔比为1-1.2:1，锌离子溶液的浓度为1-12g/L；浸泡温度为20-30℃，浸泡时间为24-72h。
另一方面，本发明还提供了上述制备方法制备得到的长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
本发明通过在聚酯弹性体侧基上引入咪唑基团，再将锌离子络合到聚酯弹性体，依靠咪唑与锌离子的络合作用，使锌离子不易溶出，抗菌性能具有长效性。并且咪唑与锌离子络合后，不仅对细菌有优异的杀菌效果，对霉菌也具有优异的杀菌效果，在洗涤100次后对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的抗菌率均大于95%，且未见黑曲霉、球毛壳霉及绳状青霉生长，可拓宽其应用领域。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明中的技术方案，下面将结合本发明的实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
本发明实施例中所提到的各种化学试剂和化学用品如无特殊说明，均为现有技术中公知公用的化学试剂和化学用品。本发明实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，按照常规方法和条件或按照商品说明书选择。
本发明实施例中的性能测试方法如下：
抗菌测试：按照GB/T 31402-2015《塑料表面抗菌性能试验方法》进行，检测用菌：大肠杆菌（ATCC 8739）、金黄色葡萄球菌（ATCC 6538P）、白色念珠菌（ATCC 10231）。
防霉测试：按照GB/T 24128-2018《塑料防霉剂的防霉效果评估》进行，检测用菌：黑曲霉（ATCC 6275）、球毛壳霉（ATCC 6205）、绳状青霉（ATCC9644）。
实施例1
本实施例的长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1将对苯二甲酸0.9kg、5-(1H-咪唑-1-基)-1,3-苯二甲酸0.1kg、1,4-丁二醇0.8kg、聚四亚甲基醚二元醇（Mn=1000）1kg、辛酸亚锡0.5g、抗氧剂1010 5g及抗氧剂168 5g加入到反应釜中，在氮气保护下将温度升至230℃进行酯化反应1h；
S2将聚合温度升至250℃且在低于100pa的高真空下缩聚2h，得到含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体，数均分子量为22000；
S3将0.8g氯化锌溶解于200mL乙醇溶液中，然后将129g含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体研磨后加入该溶液中，25℃浸泡48h后，将上述混合液置于高速离心机中以10000rpm的速率离心10min，用去离子水洗涤三次后置于80℃真空干燥箱中干燥4h，得到锌离子负载的咪唑基聚酯弹性体。
实施例2
本实施例的长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1将对苯二甲酸0.8kg、4,6-二(1H-咪唑-1-基)间苯二甲酸0.2kg、1,4-丁二醇0.6kg、二甘醇0.2kg、聚丙二醇（Mn=1000）1kg、三氧化二锑0.5g、钛酸四丁酯0.8g，抗氧剂1098 6g加入到反应釜中，在氮气保护下将温度升至185℃进行酯化反应1h；
S2将聚合温度升至260℃且在低于100pa的高真空下缩聚2h，得到含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体，数均分子量为28000；
S3将1.5g氯化锌溶解于800mL甲醇溶液中，然后将608g含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体研磨后加入该溶液中，25℃浸泡48h后，将上述混合液置于高速离心机中以10000rpm速率离心10min，用去离子水洗涤三次后置于80℃真空干燥箱中干燥4h，得到锌离子负载的咪唑基聚酯弹性体。
实施例3
本实施例的长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1将对苯二甲酸0.9kg、2,5-二(1H-咪唑-1-基)对苯二酸0.1kg、乙二醇0.6kg、聚乙二醇（Mn=1000）1kg、三氧化二锑0.5g、钛酸四丁酯0.8g，抗氧剂1098 6g加入到反应釜中，在氮气保护下将温度升至200℃进行酯化反应1.5h；
S2将聚合温度升至240℃且在低于100pa的高真空下缩聚2.5h，得到含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体，数均分子量为29000；
S3将1.4g氯化锌溶解于400mL乙醇溶液中，然后将340g含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体研磨后加入该溶液中，25℃浸泡72h后，将上述混合液置于高速离心机中以10000rpm速率离心10min，用去离子水洗涤三次后置于80℃真空干燥箱中干燥4h，得到锌离子负载的咪唑基聚酯弹性体。
对比例1
与实施例1的区别在于：不添加5-(1H-咪唑-1-基)-1,3-苯二甲酸，且对苯二甲酸的添加量为1kg。
对比例2
与实施例1的区别在于：对苯二甲酸的添加量为0.7kg，5-(1H-咪唑-1-基)-1,3-苯二甲酸的添加量为0.3kg，得到含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体的数均分子量为24000；将2.4g氯化锌溶解于600mL乙醇溶液中，然后将424g含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体研磨后加入该溶液中，后续步骤与实施例1相同。
对比例3
与实施例1的区别在于：将5-(1H-咪唑-1-基)-1,3-苯二甲酸替换为2-羟基-3-咪唑-1-基-丙酸，得到含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体的数均分子量为23000；将0.8g氯化锌溶解于200mL乙醇溶液中，然后将135g含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体研磨后加入该溶液中，后续步骤与实施例1相同。
测试实施例1-3及对比例1-3制备的锌离子负载的咪唑基聚酯弹性体对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、黑曲霉、球毛壳霉及绳状青霉的抗菌防霉效果；再测试将聚酯弹性体母粒水洗50次、水洗100次后的抗菌防霉效果。测试结果如表1所示：
表1实施例1-3及对比例1-3的聚酯弹性体的抗菌防霉测试结果
由表1可知，实施例1-3制备的负载锌离子的咪唑基聚酯弹性体在洗涤100次后，对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的抗菌效率均大于95%，且未见黑曲霉、球毛壳霉及绳状青霉生长，具有优异的长效抗菌防霉效果。
通过对比实施例1与对比例1可以发现，聚酯弹性体不含咪唑基时耐水洗性变差，在洗涤100次后，已失去抗菌防霉效果；同样地，由实施例1及对比例2可知，若聚酯弹性体中含咪唑基含量过高，反而会使其抗菌性能下降，这可能是因为咪唑基浓度过高，就会使得菌体表面上迅速凝固形成一层薄膜，从而阻止锌离子继续向菌体内部渗透，抗菌性能下降。
通过对比实施例1与对比例3可以发现，将聚酯弹性体中的咪唑基替换为2-羟基-3-咪唑-1-基-丙酸后，虽然其具有一定的耐水洗性能，但其防霉效果很差，在洗涤100次后，几种霉菌均出现明显生长和产生孢子。
综上所述，通过将聚酯弹性体侧基引入咪唑基团，然后使其络合锌离子，可使该功能母粒具有长效抗菌防霉效果及耐水洗性。
Claims (10)
1.长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1以对苯二甲酸、含咪唑基二甲酸、脂肪族二元醇、聚醚二元醇为原料，加入催化剂及其他助剂进行酯化反应；
S2随后进行缩聚反应，得到含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体；
S3将含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体浸泡在锌离子溶液中，取出后离心干燥得到负载锌离子的聚酯弹性体。
2.如权利要求1所述的长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于，所述含咪唑基二甲酸为5-(1H-咪唑-1-基)-1,3-苯二甲酸、2,5-二(1H-咪唑-1-基)对苯二酸、4,6-二(1H-咪唑-1-基)间苯二甲酸和苯并咪唑-5,6-二甲酸中的一种或多种。
3.如权利要求1所述的长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于，所述脂肪族二元醇为乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、新戊二醇、二甘醇、1,4-环己二醇和1,4-环己烷二甲醇中的一种或多种。
4.如权利要求1所述的长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚醚二元醇为聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇和聚四亚甲基醚二醇中的一种或多种；聚醚二元醇的数均分子量为500-5000。
5.如权利要求1所述的长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于，所述催化剂为醋酸锌、醋酸镁、醋酸钙、二氧化钛、二氧化锗、三氧化二锑、醋酸锑、乙二醇锑、聚乙二醇锑、三异丁基铝、氧化二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、单丁基三异辛酸锡、氧化二辛基锡、钛酸四丁酯和钛酸异丙酯中的一种或多种。
6.如权利要求1所述的长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于，所述其他助剂包括抗氧剂、防老化剂、光稳定剂、热稳定剂、脱模剂、颜料、润滑剂和消光剂中的一种或多种；锌离子溶液中，锌离子来自氯化锌、硫化锌、硫酸锌、醋酸锌或硝酸锌溶液，锌离子溶液的溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、丙酮或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
7.如权利要求1所述的长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于，所述含咪唑基二甲酸占二元酸总质量的5-20%，二元酸与脂肪族二元醇的摩尔比为1:1.2-2.0，二元酸与聚醚二元醇的质量比为0.25-4:1，催化剂的质量为聚酯弹性体单体总质量的0.01-1%，其他助剂的质量为聚酯弹性体单体总质量的1-10%。
8.如权利要求1所述的长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中，酯化反应温度为180-240℃，反应时间为0.5-2h；步骤S2中，缩聚反应温度为230-260℃，反应时间为2-4h，真空度小于100pa。
9.如权利要求1所述的长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中，锌离子与含咪唑基团的聚酯弹性体的摩尔比为1-1.2:1，锌离子溶液的浓度为1-12g/L；浸泡温度为20-30℃，浸泡时间为24-72h。
10.如权利要求1-9任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的长效抗菌防霉聚酯弹性体。
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