CN117064627A - 用于热疗的改进的医疗垫和系统 - Google Patents

用于热疗的改进的医疗垫和系统 Download PDF

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CN117064627A
CN117064627A CN202310796819.2A CN202310796819A CN117064627A CN 117064627 A CN117064627 A CN 117064627A CN 202310796819 A CN202310796819 A CN 202310796819A CN 117064627 A CN117064627 A CN 117064627A
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fluid
layer
medical pad
composition
temperature
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M·E·沃里斯
M·R·霍格伦
K·D·哈特
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Medivance Inc
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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    • A61F7/00Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F7/00Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F2007/0093Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body programmed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F7/00Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F2007/0095Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body with a temperature indicator
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    • A61F7/00Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
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    • A61F7/02Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling
    • A61F2007/0225Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling connected to the body or a part thereof
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    • A61F7/00Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F7/02Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling
    • A61F2007/0244Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling with layers

Abstract

一种用于与患者进行接触热交换的改进的医疗垫包括用于容纳可循环通过其中的热交换流体的流体循环层,用于将热交换流体循环流入和流出循环层的第一端口和第二端口,以及互连至流体循环层的一侧、并且跨流体循环层的一侧延伸以限定用于粘附到患者皮肤的粘合剂表面的水凝胶层。水凝胶层包含紫外光固化的组合物,所述组合物包含含量在组合物的重量比约15%至30%之间的交联共聚物,含量在组合物的重量比约15%至40%之间的水,以及含量在组合物的重量比约25%至35%之间的甘油。水凝胶层提供为具有至少为约1.9cal/hr‑cm‑℃的热导率。

Description

用于热疗的改进的医疗垫和系统
本申请是申请日为2016年1月29日、申请号为201680014375.0、发明名称为“用于热疗的改进的医疗垫和系统”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用在患者温度控制中的改进的医疗垫和系统,并且特别涉及用于治疗患者温度降低以诱导低体温和选择性患者升温以达到正常体温的改进的医疗垫和系统。
背景技术
对于有一些医疗条件系统性冷却是有效的疗法。例如,中风,头部创伤,心脏骤停和心肌梗死患者的快速系统性冷却具有显着的治疗益处。
在这方面,中风是神经功能障碍的主要原因,但研究已经确定,即使中风受害者的脑细胞在中风期间可能失去其功能,它们也不一定很快死亡。中风引起的脑损伤可能需要数小时才能达到最大水平。如果在该时间段内使用冷却神经保护剂疗法,则神经损伤可能受到限制且中风患者的结局得到改善。
诸如可能是由于车祸,跌倒等引起的创伤的受害者存在类似的可能性。这种创伤可能通过与中风受害者神经损伤发生中的元素重叠的机制来传授脑损伤。在初始头部创伤事件之后的细胞水平的继发性损伤延迟被认为是脑损伤后发生的最终组织损失的主要促成因素。
此外,心脏骤停和心肌梗死患者存在相应的可能性。再次,这种患者的快速冷却可能会限制神经损伤。此外,快速冷却可提供有氧保护。此外,在这方面,在心脏骤停患者再灌注过程(例如,颈动脉支架置入)之前的快速心脏冷却可显着减少再灌注相关的损伤。
此外,患有神经系统疾病的患者常常伴有发烧。最近提出冷却这种患者以产生治疗益处,但可能需要长时间的冷却。
已经开发了各种方法来应用冷却疗法。在一种非侵入性方法中,可以将一个或多个接触垫放置在患者的身体(例如患者的躯干和/或腿部)上,并且循环通过(一个或多个)垫的冷却的流体(例如冷却的水或空气)。反过来,在患者和循环流体之间交换热能来冷却患者。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于与患者进行热交换的医疗垫,其有助于实现垫生产效率和减少垫生产设备要求。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于与患者进行热交换的医疗垫,从而产生与患者的快速热交换。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于与患者进行热交换的医疗垫,其提供稳定的机械性质以在延长的时间段内持续作用于患者。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于与患者进行热交换的医疗垫,其具有生物相容性并且其他方式舒适。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于与患者进行热交换的医疗垫,其相对容易移除,并且在移除后不需要大量的卫生患者清理。
在一个实施例中,用于与患者进行接触和热交换的改进的医疗垫包括流体循环层,第一端口,以及第二端口,其中流体循环层用于容纳可循环通过其中的热交换流体,第一端口流体地互连到流体循环层,用于使流体循环流入流体循环层中,第二端口流体地互连到流体循环层,用于使流体从流体循环层流出。此外,医疗垫包括互连到流体循环层的一侧、并且跨流体循环层的一侧延伸的水凝胶层,以限定用于粘附到患者皮肤的粘合剂表面。
独特的,水凝胶层包括紫外光固化的组合物,其包含含量为重量比约15%至30%之间的交联共聚物,优选地,含量为重量比约25%至30%之间;含量为重量比约15%至40%之间的水,优选地,含量为重量比约25%至30%之间;以及含量为重量比约25%至35%之间的甘油,优选地,含量为重量比约27.5%至32.5%之间。令人惊奇的是,在水凝胶层中使用的水含量有助于利用紫外光固化的组合物进行设备友好和生产规模的制造,同时产生具有期望的机械性能的水凝胶层,即所需的热导率,保质期稳定性和粘性强度。
在一些实施方案中,水凝胶层可以提供具有至少约1.9cal/hr-cm-℃的热导率。更具体地,水凝胶层可以具有在约1.9cal/hr-cm-℃至2.37cal/hr-cm-℃之间的热导率。
在一些实施方案中,根据ISO 9665:1998(E)测定,水凝胶层的粘合剂表面可以提供具有在约20g和65g之间的粘着强度。
在预期的实施方案中,水凝胶层可以具有在约0.018"和0.04"之间的厚度。更具体地,水凝胶层可以具有在约0.022"和0.032"之间的厚度。
此外,在预期的实施例中,流体循环层可以限定跨流体循环层的平均或基本相等的几何高度或厚度至少约为0.06",优选地,在约0.06"至0.1"之间。流体在负压下通过流体循环层循环或抽吸的医疗垫应用,流体容纳层可以在循环流体在其中流动期间具有约0.04"至0.08"之间的有效内部容积高度。
在预期的布置中,用于在其间容纳可循环的热交换流体的流体循环层可以包括柔性膜层和互连到膜层的柔性基部构件。在这种布置中,水凝胶层可以具有如上所述的导热性。
在与患者接触热交换的系统实施例中,如上所述的具有流体循环层,水凝胶层和可选附加特征的医疗垫可以与可流体地互连到垫的入口端口和出口端口的控制器和流体调节组件结合使用。流体调节组件可以包括流体泵,以及热交换器,流体泵用于使热交换流体循环通过垫,热交换器用于控制循环流体的温度(例如用于冷却和可选地重新加热冷却的流体)。在后面的方面中,控制器可以提供用于控制热交换器的操作的输出信号,以预定的方式提供循环热交换流体的温度控制。
在系统实施例中,可以提供用于感测患者温度(例如患者核心体温)并提供指示患者温度信号的患者温度传感器,其中控制器可以提供为利用患者温度信号来提供输出信号到热交换器。此外,流体调节组件可以包括流体温度传感器,其用于感测循环的热交换流体的温度并提供指示其的流体温度信号,其中控制器可以提供为利用流体温度信号来提供输出信号到热交换器。
通过考虑下面的进一步描述,本领域技术人员将认识到附加的特征和优点。
附图说明
图1是医疗垫实施例的透视图。
图2是为了说明的目的而分开了医疗垫实施例的各个层的图1的医疗垫实施例的角部的透视图。
图3是图1的医疗垫实施例的透视分解图。
图4是图1的医疗垫实施例的基部构件的仰视图。
图5是包括图1的医疗垫实施例的系统实施例的示意图。
图6是图5的系统实施例的流体调节组件的示意图。
图7是图5的系统实施例的控制器的实施例的示意图。
图8示出了利用图5-图7的系统实施例的方法实施例的步骤。
具体实施方式
在图1-图4中示出用于与患者的皮肤区域接触和热交换的医疗垫10的一个实施例。如图1所示,垫10可以包括用于将热交换流体(例如,诸如水的液体)循环进入和离开垫10的流体循环层的入口端口16a和出口端口16b。为了这样的目的,入口端口12a和出口端口12b可以具有分别与垫10的流体容纳层流体连通的对应的第一端。入口端口12a和出口端口12b可以进一步包括沿着共同的方向在流体容纳层的外侧横向延伸的对应的第二端。如图所示,入口端口12a和出口端口12b的第二端可以分别设置为用于与流体循环管线40a和40b的固定互连。在一种方法中,流体循环管线40a和40b可以由柔性管的长度限定。流体循环管线40a,40b可以设置有用于与流体调节组件的选择性互连和断开的连接器42,其中如下文将进一步描述的,热交换流体可以循环通过垫10。
如图2-图4最佳所示,垫10可以包括互连以限定垫10的流体循环层的柔性基部构件14和柔性膜层15,其中流体循环层在基部构件14和膜层15之间具有内部容积。此外,垫10可以包括与膜层15互连的柔性水凝胶层16。如将进一步描述的,水凝胶层16提供循环的热交换流体和患者之间的热传导,并且进一步呈现粘合剂表面16a以建立并保持与患者的皮肤区域的紧密接触,以优化热交换。水凝胶层可以跨流体循环层的一侧的一部分、大部分、或基本上整体而延伸。
可以提供可移除衬垫层17以在使用之前覆盖粘合剂表面16a。此外,可以在流体容纳层的另一侧上设置可选的外层18。
如图2和图4所示,基部构件14可以具有两组延伸通过其中的一个或多个孔14c,其中一组与入口端口12a成对准关系布置,并且另一组与出口端口12b对准关系布置。类似地,可选层18可以具有两组延伸通过其中的一个或多个孔18c,其中一组与入口端口12a成对准关系布置,并且另一组与出口端口12b对准关系布置。反过来,循环流体可以从入口端口12a通过第一组孔并流入流体循环层,然后经由第二组孔和出口端口12b流出流体容纳层。
如图2和图4所示,流体循环层可以包括一个或多个流体通道,以在入口端口12a和出口端口12b之间引导流体流动。在这方面,基部构件14可以包括从基部部分14d突出并且与膜层15互连的一个或多个肋构件14a。流体通道可以在相邻的肋构件14a之间和/或在垫10的密封边缘之间和/或在肋构件14a和垫10的密封边缘之间延伸。
流体通道可以被配置为提供用于跨垫10的横向范围的流体流动。在一些实施例中,入口端口12a和流体通道可以间隔开以限定流体容纳层内的与多个通道中的每一个的第一端相邻并且与其流体互连的分段区域。此外,出口端口12b和流体通道可以间隔开以限定流体容纳层内的与多个通道中的每一个的第二端相邻并且与其流体地互连的另一分段区域。
肋构件14a可以设置成从基部部分14d突出为限定流体循环层的内部容积的几何高度或厚度的距离。可以理解,肋构件14a可以设置成不仅限定流体通道,而且还可以支撑膜层15。
在后面的方面中,基部构件14还可以包括从基部部分14d突出一个与肋构件14a的突出距离基本相同或不同的距离的多个偏移突起14b。在预期的布置中,肋构件14a和突起14b全部可以从基部部分14d突出相同的距离,其中共同距离在距离基部部分14d约0.06"至0.10"之间。因此,提供了几何高度或厚度在约0.06"至0.10"之间的内部容积。反过来,流体在负压下通过流体循环层循环或抽吸的医疗垫应用,流体容纳层可以在循环流体在其中流动期间保持至少约0.04"至0.08"之间的有效内部容积高度。简而言之,肋构件14a和突起14b可以设置成可支撑地接合膜层15以通过保持膜层15不会塌陷跨过基部构件14来限定并保持通过流体循环层的流体流动通道。
水凝胶层16可以包括紫外光固化的组合物,其包含含量为重量比约15%至30%之间的交联共聚物,优选地,含量为重量比约25%至30%之间;含量为重量比约15%至40%之间的水,优选地,含量为重量比约25%至30%之间;以及含量为重量比约25%至35%之间的甘油,优选地,含量为重量比约27.5%至32.5%之间。此外,组合物可以包括氯化钾,例如,含量为重量比约1.75%至2.25%,和/或(聚)乙烯基吡咯烷酮,例如,含量为重量比约1.25%至1.75%。
在一个实施方案中,水凝胶层16可以包含具有如下表1所示配方的紫外光固化的组合物。
表1
材料 重量百分比
甘油 30±0.25%
34±0.25%
NaAMPS*/AA共聚物 28±0.25%
氯化钾 2±0.25%
(聚)乙烯基吡咯烷酮 1.5±0.25%
*AMPS为Lubrizol公司的商标在这种配方中,交联共聚物包括2-酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸钠和丙烯酸。
在预期的实施方案中,可以提供水凝胶层16具有至少约1.9cal/hr-cm-℃的热导率,优选地在约1.9cal/hr-cm-℃至2.37cal/hr-cm-℃之间。此外,在各种布置中,可以提供膜层15具有在约3.44cal/hr-cm-℃至4.3cal/hr-cm-℃之间的热导率。
在一些实施方案中,根据ISO 9665:1998(E)测定,水凝胶层的粘合剂表面可以具有在约20g和65g之间的粘着强度。
在预期的实施方案中,水凝胶层可以具有在约0.018"至0.04"之间的厚度。更具体地,水凝胶层可以具有在约0.022"和0.032"之间的厚度。
在一些实施方案中,基部构件14可以由热压以形成肋构件14a和突起14b的封闭泡沫材料(例如聚合物泡沫材料)限定。膜层15可以包括可以通过围绕其周边的热层压工艺被密封地结合到基部构件14的周边的热可活化膜(例如聚合物材料)。此外,热层压工艺可以将膜层15粘合到肋构件14a的接合顶表面,并且可选地连接到突起14b的接合顶表面。
在一些实施例中,可以提供从粘合剂表面16a剥离的可移除衬垫层17。在这方面,衬垫层17的连续部分可以从粘合剂表面16a拉开,以允许粘合剂表面16a的不同部分在患者皮肤区域的连续粘合定位。
图5示意性地示出了用于患者温度控制的系统1的一个实施例。系统1可以包括用于提供用于流体调节组件20的操作的输出信号52的控制器50,以便通过一个或多个医疗垫10冷却,可选地加热,以及循环热交换流体。
流体调节组件20可以包括用于将热交换流体循环到热交换器23以通过流体耦合接口30的流体泵21,以及(一个或多个)垫10。在一个实施方案中,控制器50,流体调节组件20和流体耦合接口30可以可支撑地互连到第一支撑结构100。
如上所述,控制器50可以提供用于流体调节组件20的操作的输出信号。更具体地,输出信号52可以包括用于控制流体泵21的速度和/或占空比的信号和用于控制热交换器23的冷却速率的信号,并且可选地,用于控制热交换器23的升温速率的信号。例如,输出信号52可以包括用于控制热交换器23的占空比和/或用于控制由热交换器在每个时间单位运行提供的流体热交换的大小的信号。
反过来,输出信号52可以提供为经由(一个或多个)垫10控制循环流体和患者P之间的热交换。例如,可以控制循环流体和患者P之间的热交换速率,以实现感应低温和选择性患者温度加热以达到正常体温的所需程度的患者温度冷却。
为了产生输出信号52,控制器50可以提供为利用由包括一个或多个传感器的系统1提供的一个或多个信号。特别地,系统1可以包括至少第一流体温度传感器24,所述至少第一流体温度传感器24用于感测循环流体的温度、并向控制器10提供指示所述循环流体的温度的第一流体温度信号25。第一流体温度传感器24可以作为流体调节组件20的一部分提供,并且设置成感测要通过流体耦合接口30供应到(一个或多个)垫10的循环流体的温度。此外,控制器10还可以提供为从患者温度传感器80接收患者温度信号82,其中患者温度信号指示患者P的感测温度(例如患者核心体温)。
可选地,流体调节系统20还可以包括流量计传感器22,流量计传感器22用于测量循环流体的流量(例如,泵21和热交换器22之间)、并向控制器10提供指示所述流量的流量信号26,以及第二流体温度传感器(图1中未示出),所述第二流体温度传感器用于感测从热交换模块40返回的循环流体(例如,泵21的上游)的温度并向控制器10提供指示所述温度的第二流体温度信号。控制器10还可以使用流量信号26和/或第二流体温度信号来产生一个或多个输出信号12a。
如图所示,流体耦合接口30可以设置为用于与被利用为与患者P的热交换的一个或多个医疗垫10的选择性流体互连。为了将流体循环管线40a,40b与流体调节组件20流体互连,连接器42可以被配置为选择性地连接或断开设置在接口30处从流体可互连且可断开的可重复使用的软管组件上的可兼容的连接器70。在这方面,可以按照美国专利No.6,802,855中的教导使用连接器,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
图6示出了用于图5的系统实施例中的流体调节组件20的实施例。如图所示,流体调节组件20包括用于将流体通过流量计22泵送到热交换器23中的流体泵21。在流体泵21的操作时,流体可以通过出口管线27,通过流体耦合接口30的出口端口34,通过流体互连的(一个或多个)医疗垫10,通过流体耦合接口的入口断口33,以及通过入口管线28从热交换器23抽出。可以理解,所描述的操作可以有利地在(一个或多个)医疗垫10中建立负压以将循环流体从其中抽出。作为示例,可以提供约-0.5psi和-10psi之间的负压。
热交换器23可以包括循环罐210以从流体泵21接收循环流体。为了提供足够量的流体,热交换器23还可以选择性地包括用于容纳可根据需要流入循环罐210的流体的供应罐214,以在循环罐210中保持预定的最小量的用于在所述的布置中的流动的流体。
热交换器23还可以包括冷却器罐212以及用于将流体从循环罐210内泵送到冷却器罐212中的混合泵230。此外,热交换器23可以包括冷却器泵232和蒸发器/冷却器234,其中在冷却器泵233运行时,流体可以从冷却器罐212通过蒸发器/冷却器234泵送并返回到冷却器罐212中,以产生在冷却器罐212中流体的冷却。反过来,包含在冷却器罐212内的流体可以流回到循环罐210中(例如,通过流过障碍物),其中包含在循环罐210中的流体可以经由混合泵230,冷却器泵232和蒸发器/冷却器234的操作冷却到期望的温度。
在这方面,混合泵230,冷却器泵232和蒸发器/冷却器234的操作可以由控制器50的输出信号52控制。如上所述,输出信号52可以由控制器50利用由第一温度传感器24提供的第一温度信号25产生。如图6所示,第一温度传感器24可以被定位成感测循环罐210中的流体的温度。
如图6进一步所示,第二流体温度传感器26可以设置在入口端口33的下游,以感测从(一个或多个)垫10返回的循环流体的温度。第二流体温度传感器26可以向控制器50提供指示用于产生输出信号52的感测温度的第二温度信号。此外,可以提供第三流体温度传感器227以感测冷却器罐212内的流体的温度并提供指示感测温度的第三温度信号。反过来,控制器50可以利用第三温度信号来产生输出信号52。为了提供与第一流体温度传感器24相关的冗余,第四流体温度传感器228也可以设置在循环罐210内,以提供用于控制器50在生成输出信号52时进行冗余的潜在使用的指示感测温度的第四温度信号。
在图6所示的布置中,还可以设置流体压力传感器28以感测从(一个或多个)医疗垫10返回的循环流体的压力。反过来,压力传感器28可以向控制器50提供指示感测压力的压力信号。反过来,控制器50可以利用压力信号来产生提供给流体泵21的输出信号52,例如以控制流体泵21的速度以提供(一个或多个)医疗垫10内的期望的负压。
进一步参考图6,热交换器23可以包括用于选择性加热包含在循环罐210中的流体的加热器229。在这方面,加热器229可以提供为从控制器50接收输出信号52,以向循环罐210中的流体提供期望的加热程度。可以理解,加热器229的操作可以用于加热循环的流体,以便在各种实施例中实现患者的再加热。
图7示出了控制器50的一个实施例。控制器50可以是基于计算机的(例如,微处理器),并且可以包括可编程控制模块120和用于接收用户控制输入并用于向可编程控制模块120提供相应信号112的用户界面110。用户界面110还可以适于从可编程控制模块120接收信号114,以用于显示控制和测量数据,以及在用户接口110处的与用户的可操作的交互式界面。
可编程控制模块120可以提供为存储控制数据(例如,经由计算机可读介质)并且产生与多个不同温度控制阶段相对应的信号。在这方面,可编程控制模块可以包括用于利用控制数据向热交换器23和/或流体泵21提供输出信号的控制逻辑,其中循环流体的温度在多个不同的温度控制阶段以预定的方式被控制。另外或可替代地,可编程控制模块120可以设置为便于建立包括用于控制多个温度控制阶段中的每一个的控制数据的一个或多个编程协议。作为示例,给定的协议可以包括包含用于多个治疗阶段中的每一个的目标患者温度数据的控制数据。此外,对于一个或多个阶段,协议可以包括包括用于热处理的设定持续时间的控制数据。可以理解的是,用户接口110可以适于在协议特定的基础上用于接收用户输入以建立与多个不同的患者温度控制阶段中的每一个相对应的控制数据。
对于每个给定的协议,可编程控制模块120可以在阶段特定的基础上向至少热交换器23和可选地向流体泵21提供输出信号52。反过来,热交换器23可以提供为响应地改变循环流体的温度以影响与患者的期望的热交换,例如经由(一个或多个)接触垫90经由接触热交换来冷却,保持温度或加热患者。例如,如上所述,热交换器23可以包括运行以从可编程控制模块120输出的控制信号52相对应地改变循环流体的温度的各种组件。
如上所述,系统1可以包括用于在持续的基础上感测循环流体的温度并向控制器50提供相应的第一流体温度信号25的第一流体温度传感器24。此外,患者温度传感器80可以提供为在持续的基础上感测患者P的温度并向控制器50提供相应的信号82。反过来,通过可编程控制模块120采集的信号可以与控制数据和预设算法一起用来产生(例如经由处理器逻辑)提供给热交换器23的控制信号52,以产生循环流体所需的温度(例如,在单阶段或阶段特定的基础上)。
在一种方法中,可以建立多个不同控制阶段的第一阶段的控制数据,使得在第一阶段期间,循环流体可以被冷却使得患者达到建立的目标患者温度(例如,对应的感应低温)。为了这样的目的,控制器50可以使用如上所述的患者温度信号82来确定患者是否以及何时已达到建立的目标患者温度(例如,通过将相应的患者温度与已建立的目标患者温度相比较)并向热交换器23和/或流体泵21提供响应于此的输出信号52。在一个实施方案中,可以以预定速率(例如,预定的最大速率)冷却循环的流体,以将患者尽可能快地(例如,在预定系统限度内)冷却到建立的目标患者温度。
可选地,多个不同控制阶段的第一阶段的控制数据还可以包括建立的持续时间测量,其中一旦达到建立的目标患者温度,则对于持续时间测量的任何剩余部分,将患者维持在建立的目标患者温度。或者,可以建立多个不同控制阶段的第二阶段的控制数据,使得在第二阶段期间,循环流体可以保持在温度使得患者经由(一个或多个)医疗垫处的热交换在第二阶段期间维持在建立的目标患者温度。同样的,为了这样的目的,控制器10可以使用如上所述的患者温度信号82(例如,通过将相应的患者温度与已建立的目标患者温度相比较)并向热交换器23和/或流体泵21提供响应于此的输出信号52。
进一步结合所描述的方法,可以建立在第一阶段之后的附加阶段(例如,多个不同控制阶段的第二阶段或第三阶段)的控制数据,使得在这样的阶段期间,循环流体可以加热(例如,以预定速率)使得患者达到另一个建立的目标患者温度(例如,对应于正常体温),并且可选地,使得一旦达到这样另一个建立的目标患者温度,则用于附加阶段的建立的持续时间的任何剩余平衡或直到用户手动终止热疗(thermotherapy)过程,患者维持在另一个建立的目标患者温度。为了这样的目的,控制器50还可以使用如上所述的患者温度信号82(例如,通过将相应的患者温度与另一个已建立的目标患者温度相比较)并向热交换器23和/或流体泵21提供响应于此的输出信号52。
如上所述,控制器可以包括用于接收用户输入并提供用户控制信号的用户界面110,其中可编程处理器控制模块110的控制逻辑利用用户控制信号与控制数据一起提供输出信号52。用户界面110还可以提供为建立和修改由可编程控制模块存储的控制数据。
在一些布置中,可编程控制模块可操作以存储包括对应的不同控制数据的至少两个协议。反过来,用户界面110可以由用户使用来选择两个协议中的任何一个供可编程控制模块在生成输出信号时使用。
可选地,用户界面110可以提供为包括视觉上呈现基于用于多个不同温度控制阶段的存储的控制数据的目标患者温度调节率的曲线图的图形显示器。此外,图形显示器可以在与目标患者温度调节率的曲线图相应的时间关系中可操作地显示感测到的患者温度(例如,由患者温度传感器感测到的)的曲线图。此外,图形显示器可以在与目标患者温度调节率的曲线图相应的时间关系中可操作地显示循环流体的感测温度(由第一流体温度传感器感测)的曲线图。
关于系统1的一个示例,流体调节组件20可以利用位于美国科罗拉多州路易斯维尔市的Medivance公司的Arctic Sun 5000温度管理系统产品。
图8示出了用于经由多阶段温度控制系统中的循环流体的温度的控制来控制患者的体温的方法400的一个实施例。如图所示,方法400可以包括建立包括多个不同温度控制阶段(例如,具有不同的患者温度交换目标的两个或多个非重叠阶段)的目标患者温度的协议的初始步骤402。这样的阶段可以在时间上和/或时间间隔中连续。可以经由使用图3的可编程控制模块120和可操作地互连的用户界面110来实现协议的建立。
作为示例,可以建立包括至少三个阶段的目标患者温度的协议。这种方法有助于在第一阶段期间患者被冷却到第一目标患者温度,在第二阶段期间,维持在第二目标患者温度或在第二目标患者温度的预定范围内(例如,等于或不等于第二目标患者温度),并在第三阶段期间加热到第三目标患者温度的过程。在其他实施方案中,在治疗的第三阶段之后,可能需要在治疗的第四阶段期间建立用于温度控制的第四目标患者温度。
所述方法可以进一步包括基于用于多个阶段中的每一个的协议来控制循环流体的温度的步骤404,例如通过经由输出信号52控制热交换器23以控制图5-图7的循环流体的温度。在这方面,可以在步骤406进一步建立协议以包括一个或多个阶段的设定持续时间,例如通过使用图3的可编程控制模块120和用户界面110。反过来,控制步骤404可以在这样的(一个或多个)阶段的与设定持续时间相对应的(一个或多个)持续时间期间执行。
在一种方法中,控制步骤404可以针对每个阶段通过基于感测到的患者温度和用于该阶段的目标患者温度来控制循环流体的温度在步骤408中执行,例如经由通过图1的可编程控制模块120的患者温度传感器80的患者温度信号82的使用。作为示例,可以在给定阶段期间在持续的基础上感测患者温度,并与该阶段的相应目标患者温度进行比较。基于这样的比较,系统1可以提供为根据多种预先建立的算法中的任一种的循环流体的冷却和/或加热,例如经由图5的控制器50的可编程多相控制模块120对热交换器23的控制。
在一种方法中,控制算法可以基于通过比较感测的患者温度和目标患者温度反映的差异程度简单地间隔打开/关闭系统1的热交换器23的冷却/加热组件(例如,蒸发器/冷却器234,冷却器泵232,以及用于流体冷却的混合泵,以及用于流体加热加热器229)。在另一种方法中,控制算法可以基于通过比较测量的患者温度和目标患者温度反映的差异程度控制系统1的热交换器23的冷却/加热组件(例如,蒸发器/冷却器234,冷却器泵232,以及用于流体冷却的混合泵,以及用于流体加热加热器229)的输出大小。
在另一种方法中,控制步骤404可以通过基于感测到的患者温度,该阶段的建立的目标患者温度,以及该阶段的设定持续时间来控制热交换介质的温度以作为给定阶段的步骤410完成。例如,所述参数的利用适应于阶段的目标患者温度调节率的使用确定和控制,其中可以促进在期望的时间段内逐渐的患者冷却/加热。
在又一种方法中,一个或多个感测到的(一个或多个)循环流体温度(例如,如第一温度传感器23和可选的第二温度传感器26所感测到的)可以与检测到的患者温度(例如,由患者温度传感器80)一起采用并建立目标患者温度(例如,包括存储在可编程控制模块110中的控制数据)以控制循环流体的加热/冷却。这种方法可能产生增强的系统响应。
所示出的方法400还可以例如经由图7的用户界面110处的用户输入在步骤412基于用户输入来修改给定的协议。在这方面,修改的协议可以用于(一个或多个)修改阶段的剩余持续时间以及尚未初始化的(一个或多个)任何阶段。
在所示的方法中,给定阶段可以通过包括在该阶段的编程协议内的相应设定持续时间到期在步骤414自动终止。在这方面,给定阶段的终止通常可以对应于模式(例如,冷却或加热)的变化或循环流体和患者之间的热交换的大小的变化。
方法400还可以在步骤416提供响应于感测到的患者温度和目标患者温度的比较的连续阶段的终止和启动。也就是说,在确定在给定阶段期间达到目标患者温度(例如,通过初始阶段的治疗的感测患者温度和目标患者温度的比较)之后,该阶段可以自动终止且连续阶段自动启动。可替换地和/或另外地,方法400还可以提供为响应于两个连续阶段中的第一个阶段的设定持续时间的到期而提供连续阶段的终止和启动。自动阶段终止/起始特征可以由用户针对给定协议在阶段特定的基础上选择性地建立。
本发明的前述描述已经出于说明和描述的目的呈现。此外,描述并不旨在将本发明限制为本文公开的形式。因此,与上述教导相关的变化和修改以及相关技术的技能和知识在本发明的范围内。上文描述的实施例还旨在解释实践本发明的已知模式,并且使本领域的其他技术人员能够在这样或其他实施例中以及特定应用所需的各种修改或者使用本发明。旨在将所附权利要求解释为在现有技术允许的范围内包括替代实施例。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于与患者接触和热交换的医疗垫(10),包括:
流体循环层(14;15),所述流体循环层用于容纳可循环通过其中的热交换流体;
第一端口(12a),所述第一端口流体地互连到所述流体循环层(14;15)以将所述热交换流体循环流入所述流体循环层(14;15);
第二端口(12b),所述第二端口流体地互连到所述流体循环层(14;15)以将所述热交换流体循环流出所述流体循环层(14;15);以及,
水凝胶层(16),所述水凝胶层互连至所述流体循环层(14;15)的一侧、并且跨所述流体循环层(14;15)的一侧延伸,以限定用于粘附到患者皮肤的粘合剂表面(16a),
其中,所述水凝胶层具有的热导率至少为1.9cal/hr-cm-℃,
其特征在于,所述水凝胶层(16)包括紫外光固化的组合物,所述组合物包括:
交联共聚物,所述交联共聚物的量为所述组合物的重量的约15%至30%之间;
水,所述水的量为所述组合物的重量的约15%至40%之间;以及,
甘油,所述甘油的量为所述组合物的重量的约25%至35%之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的医疗垫(10),其中,所述紫外光固化的组合物包含所述交联共聚物的量为所述组合物的重量的约25%至30%之间;所述水的量为所述组合物的重量的约25%至35%之间;以及所述甘油的量为所述组合物的重量的约27.5%至32.5%之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的医疗垫,其中,所述水凝胶层具有的热导率在约1.9cal/hr-cm-℃至2.37cal/hr-cm-℃之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的医疗垫(10),其中,如根据ISO 9665:1998(E)测定的,所述水凝胶层(16)具有在约20g至65g之间的粘着强度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的医疗垫(10),其中,所述水凝胶层(16)具有的厚度在约0.018"至0.04"之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的医疗垫(10),其中,所述流体循环层(14;15)由如下部分限定:
柔性膜层(15);以及,
柔性基部构件(14),所述柔性基部构件互连到所述膜层以在其间限定的内部容积中容纳可循环的热交换流体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的医疗垫(10),其中,所述流体循环层(14;15)限定了具有跨所述流体循环层(14;15)的至少约0.06"的几何高度的内部容积。
8.根据权利要求7所述的医疗垫(10),其中,所述流体循环层(14;15)包括:
柔性膜层(15);以及,
柔性基部构件(14),所述柔性基部构件互连到所述膜层以在其间限定的内部容积中容纳可循环的热交换流体,其中所述柔性基部构件包括互连到所述柔性膜层的多个肋构件。
9.根据权利要求8所述的医疗垫(10),其中,所述多个肋构件(14a)限定通过所述流体循环层(14;15)的多个流体流动通道,并且所述流动通道引导可循环的流体流在所述入口端口(12a)和所述出口端口(12b)之间的流动。
10.根据权利要求8所述的医疗垫(10),其中,所述肋构件(14a)从所述基部构件(14)的基部部分(14d)突出为限定所述循环层(14;15)的所述几何高度的距离。
11.根据权利要求10所述的医疗垫(10),其中,所述基部构件(14)还包括从所述基部构件(14)的基部部分(14d)突出的距离大致等于所述突出距离的多个偏移突起(14b)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的医疗垫(10),其中,所述水凝胶层具有的热导率在约1.9cal/hr-cm-℃至2.37cal/hr-cm-℃之间。
13.根据权利要求12所述的医疗垫(10),其中,如根据ISO 9665:1998(E)测定的,所述水凝胶层具有在约20g至65g之间的粘着强度。
14.根据权利要求16所述的医疗垫(10),其中,所述紫外光固化的组合物包含所述交联共聚物的量为所述组合物的重量的约25%至30%之间;所述水的量为所述组合物的重量的约25%至35%之间;以及所述甘油的量为所述组合物的重量的约27.5%至32.5%之间。
15.根据权利要求17所述的医疗垫(10),其中,所述水凝胶层具有的厚度在约0.022"至0.032"之间。
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US10441458B2 (en) 2019-10-15
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