CN117050152A - 一种耐高温的黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白及其应用 - Google Patents
一种耐高温的黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐高温的黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白及其应用,涉及生物技术领域,氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示;一种差示扫描荧光法在黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白YNP3Y116F突变文库的定向进化筛选中的应用。本发明首次在严格厌氧超嗜热古菌中应用荧光标记,通过定向进化获得热稳定改善的突变体,构建表达载体,使用热球菌转化方法获得重组菌株。该突变体能够顺利应用至生长温度在85℃的热球菌的荧光成像中。本发明引入差示荧光扫描技术作为突变文库的筛选方法,可实现同时筛选荧光强度和热稳定性两个特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,尤其涉及一种耐高温的黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白及其应用。
背景技术
荧光蛋白是一种有价值的非侵入性分子成像工具,广泛用于活体成像、分子互作观察、生物元件活性考察、肿瘤活动等等。然而,现在应用最广泛的荧光蛋白(如GFP)通常仅限于有氧系统,因为它们的发色团的形成严格需要氧气。为了扩展荧光蛋白在无氧或低氧系统的应用,黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白(flavin mononucleotide–based fluorescentprotein,FbFP)应运而生。FbFP主要由光、氧和电压(light,oxygen,and voltage,LOV)结构域构成,与配体分子黄素单核苷酸结合后在蓝光激发下可以发出荧光。相比GFP及其衍生物,FbFP具有分子量小、不依赖氧气、荧光成熟快和抗逆性强等优点。这些优良特性表明FbFP有望成为比GFP及其衍生物更出色的荧光蛋白,可应用至微生物发酵、生物修复、厌氧污水处理、肿瘤转移、慢性炎症发展、脑缺氧缺血、微生物发病机制和生物膜形成等领域。
高荧光强度和强抗逆性被认为是荧光蛋白至关重要的特性。当荧光蛋白处于不利的非天然条件下,容易导致三维结构变化进而降低荧光发出或失去荧光。改进荧光蛋白的性能可以通过定向进化的方法,包括非理性设计、半理性设计和理性设计。例如,通过易错PCR获得一个来源于Pseudomonas putida的SB2高荧光突变体。通过计算机辅助理性设计使来源于Bacillus subtilis的YtvA的Tm值提高了31℃。然而,对于生活在极端环境如高温、高静水压、高渗、严格厌氧等环境的原核微生物,还有很多无法利用现有的荧光蛋白进行生物学研究。这说明现有荧光蛋白需要进一步改进以拓宽其应用范围。
因此,本领域的技术人员致力于开发一种能用于严格厌氧超嗜热菌种中的荧光标记热稳定改善的黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白及其定向进化筛选方法和应用。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷,本发明所要解决的技术问题是如何开发一种能用于严格厌氧超嗜热菌种中的荧光标记热稳定改善的黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白,以及其应用方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白YNP3Y116F的突变体A57S,氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示。
本发明还提供了一种差示扫描荧光法在黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白YNP3Y116F突变文库的定向进化筛选中的应用。
进一步地,该应用包括以下步骤:
步骤1、构建黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白YNP3Y116F的突变文库,得到在目的氨基酸位点的饱和突变文库;
步骤2、将步骤1得到的饱和突变文库在大肠杆菌宿主中的诱导表达,得到菌液;
步骤3、将步骤2得到的菌液制备成初筛样品,通过差示荧光扫描法对初筛样品筛选,得到Tm值相较野生型提高的单点突变体;
步骤4、将步骤3得到的单点突变体和YNP3Y116F分离纯化,得到纯化后的单点突变体;
步骤5、将步骤4得到的纯化后的单点突变体在热球菌中诱导表达。
进一步地,步骤1还包括综合Abacus算法和B-factor选定饱和突变位点。
进一步地,步骤1还包括以下步骤为:
步骤1.1、根据黄素单核苷酸荧光蛋白YNP3Y116F的氨基酸序列,以及热球菌的密码子偏好性,合成了编码YNP3Y116F的基因片段;
步骤1.2、使用Discovery Studio确定YNP3Y116F配体分子FMN周围范围内的氨基酸,并计算这些氨基酸的B-factor值,由统计能量函数Abacus计算出每个氨基酸残基的自由能,综合考虑选取其中自由能低且B-factor值相对较高的十个残基进行饱和突变,获得热稳定性提高的YNP3Y116F突变体。
进一步地,步骤1还包括:
步骤1.3、将YNP3Y116F编码基因序列克隆重组至载体pET-28a,得到第一重组质粒pET-28a-YNP3Y116F,将第一重组质粒pET-28a-YNP3Y116F通过热激法转化至表达宿主大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,建立YNP3Y116F在大肠杆菌中的异源表达;
步骤1.4、通过运用简并引物对步骤1.3得到的在DH5α中异源表达后的重组质粒进行全质粒PCR扩增,通过核酸凝胶电泳验证分离并纯化目的片段;将纯化回收的产物用DpnI酶进行消化处理,去除模板质粒得到目的片段;
步骤1.5、将步骤1.4得到的目的片段克隆重组至载体pET-28a,得到第二重组质粒pET-28a-YNP3Y116F,将第二重组质粒pET-28a-YNP3Y116F通过热激法转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,在含有卡那霉素抗性的LB平板中37℃过夜培养,随后挑取部分单克隆进行测序检验,构建在目的氨基酸位点的饱和突变文库。
进一步地,步骤1.5中LB平板中卡那霉素含量为50μg/mL。
进一步地,步骤3中制备成初筛样品的方法为:使用紫外分光光度计测量完成诱导的菌液的OD600值,将各菌液的OD600值统一至2.0,第一次离心收集菌体,反复冻融,加入溶菌酶重悬,于37℃反应,第二次离心收集反应液上清,作为初筛样品。
进一步地,步骤3中通过差示荧光扫描法对初筛样品筛选的步骤如下:
步骤3.1以野生型作为对照组,饱和突变文库作为实验组,PBS缓冲液作为无模板空白对照(No template control,NTC),将初筛样品加入96孔qPCR板,每孔50μL,每个样品在同一块qPCR板上进行3个技术重复,使用高透光性封板膜将qPCR板密封;
步骤3.2反应程序设置:Detection Format默认为SYBR Green/HRM Dye,37℃平衡4min,随后以1℃/min的速率从38℃升温至90℃测定样品的Tm值;Tm值为当荧光强度降至初始荧光一半时的温度。
进一步地,步骤4中纯化的方法为镍柱亲和层析。
本发明还提供了一种黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白YNP3Y116F的突变体A57S在严格厌氧超嗜热古菌中作为荧光标记的应用。
在本发明的较佳实施方式1中,详细说明构建黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白YNP3Y116F的突变文库的过程;
在本发明的另一较佳实施方式2中,详细说明YNP3Y116F及其突变文库在大肠杆菌宿主中的诱导表达过程;
在本发明的另一较佳实施方式3中,详细说明突变体文库的筛选过程;
在本发明的另一较佳实施方式4中,详细说明YNP3Y116F及A57S的分离纯化过程;
在本发明的另一较佳实施方式5中,详细说明A57S在热球菌中的诱导表达过程;
在本发明的另一较佳实施方式6中,详细说明A57S在热球菌中的荧光显微镜镜检过程。
本发明有益的技术效果如下:
本发明首次在严格厌氧超嗜热古菌中应用荧光标记,通过定向进化获得热稳定改善的突变体,构建表达载体,使用热球菌转化方法获得重组菌株。该突变体能够顺利应用至生长温度在85℃的热球菌的荧光成像中,其对于研究在超高温和高静水压的极端环境下的生物元件性能,分子互作,生物传感器等等具有广阔应用前景。
本发明引入差示荧光扫描技术作为突变文库的筛选方法,可实现同时筛选荧光强度和热稳定性两个特性。差示扫描荧光法是在荧光定量PCR仪上缓慢加热样品,在加热的过程中由于荧光蛋白三维结构发生变化,体现在荧光信号强度的检测上,以此评价蛋白质的热稳定性。该筛选方法同时适用于所有具有荧光信号并需要改善热稳定性的蛋白质。
本发明综合Abacus算法和B-factor选定饱和突变位点,克服了定向进化的突变库不够精细会使进化过程筛选压力非常大,费时费力的问题。使用Discovery Studio软件确定配体分子FMN周围范围内的氨基酸,并计算这些氨基酸的B-factor值,同时由统计能量函数Abacus计算这些氨基酸的自由能。缩小突变库容量,大大提升了筛选效率,快速获得正向突变体。
以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明,以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个较佳实施例1中配体分子FMN与YNP3Y116F分子对接分析及选定的饱和突变位点示意图;
图2是本发明的一个较佳实施例3中YNP3Y116F与突变体A57S的差示荧光扫描结果图;
图3是本发明的一个较佳实施例4中YNP3Y116F和A57S蛋白的纯化结果图;
图4是本发明的一个较佳实施例5中复证的YNP3Y116F与突变体A57S的差示荧光扫描结果图;
图5是本发明的一个较佳实施例6中突变体A57S在(a)Thermococcuseurythermalis A101菌株和(b)Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1中表达的荧光显微镜镜检结果。
具体实施方式
以下参考说明书附图介绍本发明的多个优选实施例,使其技术内容更加清楚和便于理解。本发明可以通过许多不同形式的实施例来得以体现,本发明的保护范围并非仅限于文中提到的实施例。
实施例1:构建黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白YNP3Y116F的突变文库
通过文献(Wingen et al.,2017)获悉了黄素单核苷酸荧光蛋白YNP3Y116F的氨基酸序列,根据热球菌的密码子偏好性,由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成了编码YNP3Y116F的基因片段。使用Discovery Studio确定YNP3Y116F(氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示)配体分子FMN周围范围内的氨基酸,并计算这些氨基酸的B-factor值,由统计能量函数Abacus计算出每个氨基酸残基的自由能,综合考虑选取其中自由能低且B-factor值相对较高的十个残基拟进行饱和突变,以期获得热稳定性提高的YNP3Y116F突变体。配体分子FMN与YNP3Y116F分子对接分析及选定的饱和突变位点示意图如图1所示。
YNP3Y116F编码基因序列通过一步克隆重组至载体pET-28a,重组质粒pET-28a-YNP3Y116F通过热激法转化至表达宿主大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,建立YNP3Y116F在大肠杆菌中的异源表达。本发明通过运用简并引物(ANK/TNK/GNK/CNK)(表1)对上述重组质粒进行全质粒PCR,通过核酸凝胶电泳验证分离并纯化目的片段。将纯化回收的产物用DpnI酶进行消化处理,去除模板质粒。以同样的方法转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,在含有卡那霉素抗性(50μg/mL)的LB平板中37℃过夜培养,随后挑取部分单克隆进行测序检验,以构建在目的氨基酸位点的饱和突变文库。
实施例2:YNP3Y116F及其突变文库在大肠杆菌宿主中的诱导表达
将携带野生型重组质粒的大肠杆菌及其突变文库在37℃下于5mL体系的LB(含50μL/mL卡那霉素)中培养至OD600约0.8,向培养体系中加入终浓度为0.5mM的IPTG,于20℃诱导20小时。
实施例3:突变体文库的筛选
使用紫外分光光度计测量完成诱导的菌液的OD600值,将各菌液的OD600值统一至2.0,13680g离心5min收集菌体,反复冻融3次,加入200μL溶菌酶重悬,于37℃反应15min,13680g离心30min收集反应液上清,作为初筛样品。
筛选方法:差示荧光扫描法。以野生型作为对照组,饱和突变文库作为实验组,PBS缓冲液作为NTC,将初筛样品加入96孔qPCR板,每孔50μL,每个样品在同一块qPCR板上进行3个技术重复,使用高透光性封板膜将qPCR板密封。反应程序设置:Detection Format默认为SYBR Green/HRM Dye,37℃平衡4min,随后以1℃/min的速率从38℃升温至90℃。在缓慢加热的过程,含蛋白质的样品由于构象发生变化,内在荧光逐渐降低,当荧光强度降至初始荧光一半时的温度,可认为是该蛋白样品的Tm值。分别使用饱和突变引物,对YNP3Y116F(野生型,WT)十个氨基酸位点(F116、A57、Q32、R74、R58、Q61、L87、V70、A25、V117)的饱和突变文库筛选,获得了Tm值相较野生型YNP3Y116F提高3℃的单点突变体A57S。YNP3Y116F与突变体A57S的差示荧光扫描结果如图2所示。YNP3Y116F十个氨基酸位点(F116、A57、Q32、R74、R58、Q61、L87、V70、A25、V117)的饱和突变引物序列见表1。
表1饱和突变引物
实施例4:YNP3及A57S的分离纯化
采用200mL LB体系培养含YNP3Y116F(野生型,WT)及A57S(突变体)基因的重组大肠杆菌,完成过夜诱导后(诱导方法同上述),16260g离心5min收集菌体,将LB培养基倒出,加入10mL蛋白结合缓冲液(50mM Tris-HCL、500mM NaCl,pH7.4)重悬菌体,置于冰上超声破碎30min破碎菌体,16260g离心30min除去细胞碎片,获得无细胞抽提液。由于构建质粒时使目的蛋白及其突变体的N端带有由6个组氨酸组成的His-tag,因此可以采用镍柱亲和层析的方法纯化本发明中的目的蛋白。具体来说,首先使用20个柱体积蛋白结合缓冲液平衡Ni柱,将无细胞抽提液倒入Ni柱孵育5至10min,用合适浓度的咪唑对Ni柱进行洗涤及目的蛋白的洗脱。通过SDS-PAGE分析纯化后的目的蛋白的分子量大小和纯度。YNP3Y116F和A57S蛋白的纯化结果如图3所示,其中泳道M:蛋白质Marker,泳道1~4为不同浓度咪唑洗涤下的YNP3Y116F,泳道5~8为不同浓度咪唑洗涤下的A57S。选取含目的蛋白相对纯度高的洗脱液使用DSF方法进行突变体效能复筛(方法同上述),实验结果表明使用小体系诱导所得粗酶的筛选结果可以被放大体系并得到复证。复证的YNP3Y116F与突变体A57S的差示荧光扫描结果如图4所示。
实施例5:A57S在热球菌中的诱导表达
于大肠杆菌DH5α中构建质粒:以可以在Thermococcus菌属和Escherichia coli中复制的穿梭质粒pLC为载体,将线性化载体末端15至20bp作为同源序列添加到A57S基因特异性扩增引物的5'端,以此引物对扩增得到带有载体同源序列的插入片段。通过重组反应将线性化载体与插入片段连接,使用热激法将重组产物转化至大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞。挑取连接成功的转化子于LB(100μg/mL)中过夜培养,提取质粒备用。
转化Thermococcus eurythermalis:50mL体系TRM培养基85℃培养菌株T.eurythermalis A101至对数生长期(约12h),6000g离心5min收集菌体,加入200μL预冷的CaCl2溶液重悬菌体(氮气保护下操作),冰浴30min。随后加入3μg质粒(氮气保护下操作),冰浴1h。85℃热激45s,立即冰浴10min,吸取混合物加入5mL TRM液体培养基于85℃复苏4h,取复苏完成的菌液2mL注射入TRM固体培养基(4μMsimvastatin)滚管培养16至24h,挑取单克隆进行凝胶核酸电泳检验。由于在重组pLC质粒中基因片段A57S被置于高静水压诱导型启动子之后,因此检验正确的单克隆将于高静水压釜中培养并诱导表达(85℃,30MPa)。
使用带有胍丁胺标记的过表达质粒pTE作为载体,构建pTE-A57S重组质粒,以同样的方式转化Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1,获得重组菌株。
实施例6:A57S在热球菌中表达后的荧光显微镜镜检
4065g离心收集50mL过夜培养(85℃,30MPa)的重组菌株T.eurythermalis A101,用等渗NaCl溶液洗涤两次,尽量除去培养基中的硫粉,以免影响观察。镜检使用Nikon Ti-2E全自动恒温倒置荧光显微镜。以携带pLC空载质粒的T.eurythermalis A101菌株作为阴性对照,在475nm激发光下使用100倍油镜观察结果,其中携带pLC-A57S质粒的重组菌株可以发出中等强度的绿色荧光;阴性对照组由于杂质反射显示出微弱荧光,但明显比实验组弱。同样方法,对突变体A57S在重组菌株Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1的表达进行荧光显微镜镜检。突变体A57S在Thermococcus eurythermalis A101菌株和Thermococcuskodakarensis KOD1中表达的荧光显微镜镜检结果如图5所示。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解,本领域的普通技术无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案,皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白YNP3Y116F的突变体A57S,其特征在于,所述突变体A57S氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示。
2.一种差示扫描荧光法在黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白YNP3Y116F突变文库的定向进化筛选中的应用。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、构建所述黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白YNP3Y116F的突变文库,得到在目的氨基酸位点的饱和突变文库;
步骤2、将步骤1得到的饱和突变文库在大肠杆菌宿主中的诱导表达,得到菌液;
步骤3、将步骤2得到的菌液制备成初筛样品,通过差示荧光扫描法对所述初筛样品筛选,得到Tm值相较野生型提高的单点突变体;
步骤4、将步骤3得到的单点突变体和所述YNP3Y116F分离纯化,得到纯化后的单点突变体;
步骤5、将步骤4得到的纯化后的单点突变体在热球菌中诱导表达。
4.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述步骤1还包括综合Abacus算法和B-factor选定饱和突变位点。
5.如权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述步骤1中还包括以下步骤:
步骤1.1、根据所述黄素单核苷酸荧光蛋白YNP3Y116F的氨基酸序列,以及热球菌的密码子偏好性,合成了编码所述YNP3Y116F的基因片段;
步骤1.2、使用Discovery Studio确定所述YNP3Y116F配体分子FMN周围范围内的氨基酸,并计算这些氨基酸的B-factor值,由统计能量函数Abacus计算出每个氨基酸残基的自由能,综合考虑选取其中自由能低且B-factor值相对较高的十个残基进行饱和突变,获得热稳定性提高的YNP3Y116F突变体。
6.如权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述步骤1还包括:
步骤1.3、将所述YNP3Y116F编码基因序列克隆重组至载体pET-28a,得到第一重组质粒pET-28a-YNP3Y116F,将所述第一重组质粒pET-28a-YNP3Y116F通过热激法转化至表达宿主大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)和DH5α中,建立所述YNP3Y116F在大肠杆菌中的异源表达;
步骤1.4、通过运用简并引物对步骤1.3得到的在DH5α中异源表达的重组质粒进行全质粒PCR扩增,通过核酸凝胶电泳验证分离并纯化目的片段;将纯化回收的产物用DpnI酶进行消化处理,去除模板质粒得到目的片段;
步骤1.5、将步骤1.4得到的目的片段克隆重组至所述载体pET-28a,得到第二重组质粒pET-28a-YNP3Y116F,将所述第二重组质粒pET-28a-YNP3Y116F通过所述热激法转化至所述大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,在含有卡那霉素抗性的LB平板中37℃过夜培养,随后挑取部分单克隆进行测序检验,构建在目的氨基酸位点的饱和突变文库。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述步骤1.5中所述LB平板中卡那霉素含量为50μg/mL。
8.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述步骤3中所述制备成初筛样品的方法为:使用紫外分光光度计测量完成诱导的所述菌液的OD600值,将各所述菌液的OD600值统一至2.0,第一次离心收集菌体,反复冻融,加入溶菌酶重悬,于37℃反应,第二次离心收集反应液上清,作为所述初筛样品。
9.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述步骤3中通过差示荧光扫描法对所述初筛样品筛选的步骤如下:
步骤3.1以野生型作为对照组,所述饱和突变文库作为实验组,PBS缓冲液作为无模板空白对照(No template control,NTC),将初筛样品加入96孔qPCR板,每孔50μL,每个样品在同一块qPCR板上进行3个技术重复,使用高透光性封板膜将qPCR板密封;
步骤3.2反应程序设置:Detection Format默认为SYBR Green/HRM Dye,37℃平衡4min,随后以1℃/min的速率从38℃升温至90℃测定样品的Tm值;所述Tm值为当荧光强度降至初始荧光一半时的温度。
10.如权利要求1所述的黄素单核苷酸结合荧光蛋白YNP3Y116F的突变体A57S在严格厌氧超嗜热古菌中作为荧光标记的应用。
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