CN117044563A - Method for preparing agaricus bisporus covering soil by using vinasse - Google Patents
Method for preparing agaricus bisporus covering soil by using vinasse Download PDFInfo
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- CN117044563A CN117044563A CN202310907111.XA CN202310907111A CN117044563A CN 117044563 A CN117044563 A CN 117044563A CN 202310907111 A CN202310907111 A CN 202310907111A CN 117044563 A CN117044563 A CN 117044563A
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- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000251953 Agaricus brunnescens Species 0.000 claims 11
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
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- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000222501 Agaricaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222518 Agaricus Species 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 206010062717 Increased upper airway secretion Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000121220 Tricholoma matsutake Species 0.000 description 1
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agaricus bisporus cultivation, and discloses a method for preparing agaricus bisporus earthing by using vinasse, which comprises the steps of preprocessing the vinasse, mixing the vinasse with rice hulls, microorganism strains, activated carbon, quicklime, calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, and fermenting to prepare a fermentation material I; crushing corn stalks, mixing the crushed corn stalks with cow dung and microbial agents, piling, and fermenting to obtain a fermentation material II; the agaricus bisporus earthing material is prepared by uniformly stirring and mixing the fermentation material I, the fermentation material II, loam, polyacrylamide and ammonium chloride, and finally the agaricus bisporus earthing material is prepared by spraying formaldehyde solution for disinfection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agaricus bisporus cultivation, in particular to a method for manufacturing agaricus bisporus covering soil by using vinasse.
Background
The agaricus bisporus is also called Tricholoma matsutake or white mushroom, belongs to fungi of Agaricaceae and Agaricus, and is named as having two basidiospores on a single sheet. The agaricus bisporus is white, round and straight in appearance, free of scales, thick in fungus cover, difficult to open, thick, straight and short in fungus handle, white in fungus meat, firm in tissue, and the fungus handle is provided with a semi-membranous fungus ring, and spores are silver brown, so that the agaricus bisporus is one of the most common edible fungus strains. The agaricus bisporus is rich in multiple nutritional ingredients such as polysaccharide, protein, cellulose and the like, and has the medicinal functions of invigorating stomach, promoting phlegm, resisting cancer, reducing blood sugar and the like. The agaricus bisporus grows in Europe and North America, people begin eating from the ancient Greek age, artificial cultivation begins in France of 17 th century, and after the agaricus bisporus is introduced into China in the 80 th century, the agaricus bisporus industrialization develops rapidly, and the annual yield of the agaricus bisporus reaches over 200 ten thousand tons in 2022.
In the process of cultivating the agaricus bisporus, the soil covering treatment is needed, and the agaricus bisporus hardly grows out of the soil. Researches show that the agaricus bisporus casing soil contains bacterial pseudomonas putida, and polyphosphate kinase in the pseudomonas putida can stimulate the formation of agaricus bisporus fruiting body primordium by adjusting the phosphorus level in the casing soil so as to achieve the effect of promoting the growth of the agaricus bisporus. The earthing is a necessary condition for the growth of the agaricus bisporus, not only can promote the growth of the agaricus bisporus from nutrition growth to reproductive growth, but also can provide a great amount of moisture and carbon dioxide concentration during the growth of the agaricus bisporus, and researches show that 40% -45% of moisture in the growth process of the agaricus bisporus is provided by the earthing, and CO in a cultivation bed is provided after the earthing 2 The concentration is sharply reduced, which is favorable for the coarsening and transformation of agaricus bisporus mycelium into fruiting bodies.
The selection of the agaricus bisporus earthing material directly influences the quality and the yield of the agaricus bisporus, different earthing has very obvious influence on the growth of agaricus bisporus hyphae and the formation of fruiting bodies, and the earthing is preferably black soil in nature at present. The black soil is rich in pseudomonas putida flora, has the advantages of rich nutrition, strong water retention, large porosity and the like, but is taken as a product in the marsh development process, is a precious natural resource, is taken as a bisporous mushroom earthing material, is a great resource waste, is contrary to the resource recycling concept advocated by China, is distributed in the Changbai mountain, the great Khingan and other areas of China, is high in transportation cost and is unfavorable for the sustainable development of bisporous mushroom industrialization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing agaricus bisporus covering soil by using vinasse, and the manufactured covering soil has the characteristics of large water holding capacity and rich polyphosphate kinase, and the agaricus bisporus produced by using the covering soil manufactured by the method has high quality and can effectively replace black soil.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing agaricus bisporus covering soil by using vinasse comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of vinasse: mixing distiller's grains with water, crushing, squeezing to leave residues, adding plant ash into residues, and regulating water content of distiller's grains to 50-60%;
by adopting the technical scheme, the acidity and impurities of the vinasse can be reduced by using water washing and squeezing the vinasse; the addition of the plant ash can adjust the acidity of the vinasse, and can be used as a water absorbent to adjust the water content of the vinasse, and in addition, the plant ash contains various mineral elements, so that the growth of the agaricus bisporus is facilitated.
(2) Preparation of fermentation material I: uniformly mixing the pretreated vinasse, rice hulls, microbial strains, activated carbon, quicklime, calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate to form strip stacks, and carrying out spontaneous fermentation for 1-2 weeks to obtain a fermentation material I;
by adopting the technical scheme, the active carbon is used for absorbing the peculiar smell in the fermentation process of the vinasse, so that the peculiar smell can be effectively removed; the addition of calcium salt can adjust the pH value in the fermentation process of the vinasse, which is beneficial to the growth of the post-agaricus bisporus; the addition of quicklime can regulate acidity; the addition of the microbial strain can effectively improve the nutrition quality of the distillers' grains fermentation product.
(3) And (3) preparation of a fermentation material II: crushing corn straw into particles of 2-3cm, mixing corn straw particles, cow dung and microbial agents to prepare piles, adding water to adjust the water content of the piles to 75-85%, and fermenting for 4-5 weeks to obtain a fermentation material II;
by adopting the technical scheme, the addition of the microbial agent can quickly heat up the reactor body, thereby shortening the fermentation period and improving the fermentation efficiency.
(4) And (3) loam treatment: selecting loam without plant diseases and insect pests, digging loam 20-30cm away from the ground, crushing the loam, and sieving the crushed loam with a 20-mesh sieve for later use;
(5) Mixing: uniformly stirring and mixing the fermentation material I, the fermentation material II, the treated loam, polyacrylamide and ammonium chloride, and adding lime powder to adjust the pH value to 7.0-8.0 to obtain the agaricus bisporus earthing material;
by adopting the technical scheme, as the main composition of the earthing material is loam and the loam has poor water retention, the water retention capacity of the earthing material is improved by adding polyacrylamide as a water retention agent; the addition of ammonium chloride can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the earthing material, thereby being beneficial to improving the fertility of the earthing and being beneficial to the growth of agaricus bisporus.
(6) And (3) earthing pretreatment: uniformly spraying and sterilizing the agaricus bisporus earthing material according to the proportion of 1-2L formaldehyde solution prepared per cubic meter of earthing material, and then adjusting the water content to 75-85% to ensure that the granule structure of the earthing material is uniform and consistent, thereby obtaining the agaricus bisporus earthing.
Further, in the step (1), the solid-to-liquid ratio of the distilled grain to the water is 1:1.5-2.
Further, in the step (2), the microorganism strain is a bacillus strain.
Further, in the step (3), in the preparation process of the second fermentation material, the weight parts of the raw materials are respectively as follows: 10-20 parts of corn straw particles, 10 parts of cow dung and 0.5-1 part of microbial agent.
Further, in the step (3), the microbial agent is composed of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, lactobacillus and photosynthetic bacteria in a mass ratio of 2:2:1.5:1.
By adopting the technical scheme, the bacillus subtilis, the saccharomycetes, the lactobacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria are all beneficial fermentation bacteria, the bacillus subtilis can promote organic matter decomposition, the saccharomycetes can provide matrixes required by proliferation of other effective microorganisms, the lactobacillus can inhibit pathological bacteria and pests, and the photosynthetic bacteria can promote conversion of crude fibers in fermentation substrates.
Further, in the step (5), in the preparation process of the mixed material, the weight parts of the raw materials are respectively as follows: 20-30 parts of first fermentation material, 20-30 parts of second fermentation material, 50 parts of treated loam, 1-2 parts of polyacrylamide and 0.5-1 part of ammonium chloride.
Further, in the step (6), the volume concentration of the formaldehyde solution is 40%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The agaricus bisporus casing soil produced by the method uses the distilled spirit vinasse, the distilled spirit vinasse is rich in amino acid, protein, fat, starch and other nutrient elements, the growth of the agaricus bisporus is promoted, and the vinasse is rich in polyphosphate kinase, so that the agaricus bisporus casing soil can be produced by using the agaricus bisporus casing soil, and phosphorus level in the agaricus bisporus casing soil can be regulated instead of pseudomonas putida, so that the transformation process of agaricus bisporus mycelium into fruiting bodies is stimulated. In addition, humic acid can be generated after fermentation of the distilled grain, so that not only can the porosity of the covered soil be increased, but also the enzyme activity of polyphosphate kinase in the distilled grain can be stimulated, and the growth of agaricus bisporus is promoted.
(2) The content of calcium in the soil covering soil of the agaricus bisporus is 4.1% -5.6%, compared with common soil covering and black soil, the quality of the agaricus bisporus can be ensured by absorbing calcium ions in the growth process of the agaricus bisporus, the formation of high-quality agaricus bisporus is facilitated by planting the agaricus bisporus by using the soil covering soil produced by the method, and the acid-alkali property and the porosity of the soil covering of the agaricus bisporus can be regulated by the calcium salt, so that the physicochemical property of the soil covering is improved, and the soil covering has a good quality improving and increasing effect.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product to practice the invention to achieve all of the advantages set forth above at the same time.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the following embodiments, the pretreatment process of the distiller's grains specifically includes:
mixing distiller's grains with water according to solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1.5, mincing, squeezing to leave residues washed with distiller's grains, adding plant ash into residues, and adjusting water content of distiller's grains to 55%.
The loam treatment process specifically comprises the following steps:
selecting loam without plant diseases and insect pests, digging loam 20cm away from the ground, crushing the loam, and sieving the crushed loam with a 20-mesh sieve.
The microbial agent is a mixed bacterium of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, lactobacillus and photosynthetic bacteria in a mass ratio of 2:2:1.5:1.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of fermentation material I: uniformly mixing 50 parts of pretreated vinasse, 50 parts of rice hulls, 8 parts of microbial bacillus, 5 parts of activated carbon, 3 parts of quicklime, 0.1 part of calcium carbonate and 0.1 part of calcium sulfate to form a strip stack, and spontaneously fermenting for 2 weeks to obtain a fermentation material I;
(2) and (3) preparation of a second fermentation material: after crushing corn straw into 2cm particles, mixing 15 parts of corn straw particles, 10 parts of cow dung and 0.5 part of microbial agent to prepare a pile, adding water to adjust the water content of the pile to 75%, and fermenting for 4 weeks to obtain a fermentation material II;
(3) preparation of agaricus bisporus earthing material
Uniformly stirring and mixing 20 parts of fermentation material I, 30 parts of fermentation material II, 50 parts of treated loam, 1 part of polyacrylamide and 1 part of ammonium chloride, and adding lime powder to adjust the pH value to 7.0-8.0 to obtain a bisporous mushroom earthing material;
(4) preparation of agaricus bisporus covering soil
Uniformly spraying and sterilizing the agaricus bisporus earthing material according to the proportion of 1.5L formaldehyde solution with volume concentration of 40% per cubic meter of earthing material, and then adjusting the water content to 75-85% to ensure that the granule structure of the earthing material is uniform and consistent, thereby obtaining the agaricus bisporus earthing.
Example 2
(1) Preparation of fermentation material I: uniformly mixing 60 parts of pretreated vinasse, 30 parts of rice hulls, 6 parts of microbial bacillus, 4 parts of activated carbon, 2 parts of quicklime, 0.5 part of calcium carbonate and 0.5 part of calcium sulfate to form a strip stack, and spontaneously fermenting for 1.5 weeks to obtain a fermentation material I;
(2) and (3) preparation of a second fermentation material: after crushing corn straw into 2cm particles, mixing 20 parts of corn straw particles, 10 parts of cow dung and 1 part of microbial agent to prepare piles, adding water to adjust the water content of the piles to be 85%, and fermenting for 5 weeks to obtain a fermentation material II;
(3) preparation of agaricus bisporus earthing material
Uniformly stirring and mixing 30 parts of fermentation material I, 20 parts of fermentation material II, 50 parts of treated loam, 1.5 parts of polyacrylamide and 0.8 part of ammonium chloride, and adding lime powder to adjust the pH value to 7.0-8.0 to obtain a agaricus bisporus earthing material;
(4) preparation of agaricus bisporus covering soil
Uniformly spraying and sterilizing the agaricus bisporus earthing material according to the proportion of 1.5L formaldehyde solution with volume concentration of 40% per cubic meter of earthing material, and then adjusting the water content to 75-85% to ensure that the granule structure of the earthing material is uniform and consistent, thereby obtaining the agaricus bisporus earthing.
Example 3
(1) Preparation of fermentation material I: uniformly mixing 70 parts of pretreated vinasse, 50 parts of rice hulls, 5 parts of microbial bacillus, 3 parts of activated carbon, 2 parts of quicklime, 0.3 part of calcium carbonate and 0.3 part of calcium sulfate to form a strip stack, and spontaneously fermenting for 1 week to obtain a fermentation material I;
(2) and (3) preparation of a second fermentation material: after crushing corn straw into 2cm particles, mixing 10 parts of corn straw particles, 10 parts of cow dung and 0.5 part of microbial agent to prepare a pile, adding water to adjust the water content of the pile to 80%, and fermenting for 5 weeks to obtain a fermentation material II;
(3) preparation of agaricus bisporus earthing material
Uniformly stirring and mixing 25 parts of fermentation material I, 25 parts of fermentation material II, 50 parts of treated loam, 2 parts of polyacrylamide and 0.5 part of ammonium chloride, and adding lime powder to adjust the pH value to 7.0-8.0 to obtain a agaricus bisporus earthing material;
(4) preparation of agaricus bisporus covering soil
Uniformly spraying and sterilizing the agaricus bisporus earthing material according to the proportion of 1.5L formaldehyde solution with volume concentration of 40% per cubic meter of earthing material, and then adjusting the water content to 75-85% to ensure that the granule structure of the earthing material is uniform and consistent, thereby obtaining the agaricus bisporus earthing.
The agaricus bisporus covered soil, the northeast black soil and the treated loam prepared in the embodiment 1-3 of the invention are uniformly covered on the upper layer of the mushroom house fermentation material, the covering thickness is 5-5.5cm, the temperature of the mushroom house is controlled to be 16-22 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 88-99%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 0.1-0.5%, the production condition of the agaricus bisporus is recorded, meanwhile, a blank control group is used, the blank control group does not carry out any soil covering treatment, and the test results are shown in the following table:
from the data presented in the table above, the yield of one-crop agaricus bisporus cultivated by using the agaricus bisporus earthing material prepared in the examples 1-3 is higher, the growth period is relatively shorter, the total yield of the produced agaricus bisporus is close to or even slightly superior to that of northeast black soil, and the agaricus bisporus has longer softening time and better quality after harvesting.
As can be seen from the table, the agaricus bisporus earthing material prepared in the embodiment 2 of the present invention has the optimal effect of promoting the growth of agaricus bisporus, and the physical and chemical properties of the agaricus bisporus earthing material prepared in the embodiment 2 of the present invention and northeast black soil are tested, and the results are shown in the table below:
as shown in the table, the content of the calcium in the covering soil prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention is 4.1% -5.6%, the calcium content is superior to northeast black soil, and meanwhile, the concentration of beneficial microorganisms is higher than that of northeast black soil, because the addition of the vinasse in the covering soil prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention is favorable for the growth of beneficial microorganisms, and the white distilled grains are rich in polyphosphate kinase, the transformation of agaricus bisporus mycelium into fruiting bodies can be promoted, and in addition, the white distilled grains are rich in amino acids, proteins, fats, starch and other nutrient elements, and the content of organic matters in the covering soil prepared by matching with excrement and straw is higher, so that the quality of the agaricus bisporus is more favorable to be improved.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
The foregoing is merely illustrative and explanatory of the principles of the invention, as various modifications and additions may be made to the specific embodiments described, or similar thereto, by those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the invention or beyond the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for manufacturing agaricus bisporus covering soil by using vinasse is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of vinasse: mixing distiller's grains with water, crushing, squeezing to leave residues, adding plant ash into residues, and regulating water content of distiller's grains to 50-60%;
(2) Preparation of fermentation material I: uniformly mixing the pretreated vinasse, rice hulls, microbial strains, activated carbon, quicklime, calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate to form strip stacks, and carrying out spontaneous fermentation for 1-2 weeks to obtain a fermentation material I;
(3) And (3) preparation of a fermentation material II: crushing corn straw into particles of 2-3cm, mixing corn straw particles, cow dung and microbial agents to prepare piles, adding water to adjust the water content of the piles to 75-85%, and fermenting for 4-5 weeks to obtain a fermentation material II;
(4) And (3) loam treatment: selecting loam without plant diseases and insect pests, digging loam 20-30cm away from the ground, crushing the loam, and sieving the crushed loam with a 20-mesh sieve for later use;
(5) Mixing: uniformly stirring and mixing the fermentation material I, the fermentation material II, the treated loam, polyacrylamide and ammonium chloride, and adding lime powder to adjust the pH value to 7.0-8.0 to obtain the agaricus bisporus earthing material;
(6) Preparing agaricus bisporus covering soil: uniformly spraying and sterilizing the agaricus bisporus earthing material according to the proportion of 1-2L formaldehyde solution prepared per cubic meter of earthing material, and then adjusting the water content to 75-85% to ensure that the granule structure of the earthing material is uniform and consistent, thereby obtaining the agaricus bisporus earthing.
2. The method for producing agaricus bisporus casing soil by using distillers 'grains according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the solid-to-liquid ratio of the distillers' grains to water is 1:1.5-2.
3. The method for producing agaricus bisporus casing soil by using distillers grains according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), in the preparation process of the first fermentation material, the weight parts of the raw materials are as follows: 50-70 parts of pretreated vinasse, 30-50 parts of rice hulls, 5-8 parts of microbial strains, 3-5 parts of activated carbon, 2-3 parts of quicklime, 0.1-0.5 part of calcium carbonate and 0.1-0.5 part of calcium sulfate.
4. The method for producing a double spore mushroom casing soil by using distillers' grains according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the microorganism strain is bacillus strain.
5. The method for producing agaricus bisporus casing soil by using distillers' grains according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the preparation process of the second fermentation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of corn straw particles, 10 parts of cow dung and 0.5-1 part of microbial agent.
6. The method for producing the agaricus bisporus casing soil by using the distilled grains according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the microbial agent consists of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria in a mass ratio of 2:2:1.5:1.
7. The method for preparing the agaricus bisporus casing soil by using the distilled grains according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), in the preparation process of the mixed materials, the weight parts of the raw materials are as follows: 20-30 parts of first fermentation material, 20-30 parts of second fermentation material, 50 parts of treated loam, 1-2 parts of polyacrylamide and 0.5-1 part of ammonium chloride.
8. The method for producing a agaricus bisporus casing soil by using distillers' grains according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the formaldehyde solution has a volume concentration of 40%.
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| CN202310907111.XA CN117044563A (en) | 2023-07-24 | 2023-07-24 | Method for preparing agaricus bisporus covering soil by using vinasse |
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