CN116948919B - 一株海氏肠球菌及应用 - Google Patents
一株海氏肠球菌及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116948919B CN116948919B CN202311199270.5A CN202311199270A CN116948919B CN 116948919 B CN116948919 B CN 116948919B CN 202311199270 A CN202311199270 A CN 202311199270A CN 116948919 B CN116948919 B CN 116948919B
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Abstract
本发明属于微生物领域,具体涉及一株海氏肠球菌及应用。本发明的海氏肠球菌保藏号为CGMCC No.27973,分类命名为海氏肠球菌Enterococcus hirae,于2023年7月21日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心。本发明的海氏肠球菌胃肠液耐受性好、繁殖力强、超声波抗性强,并且具有一定的胆盐水解酶活性和抑菌能力,能够起到调节体重、降血压、降血脂等功效,具有较好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物领域,具体涉及一株海氏肠球菌及应用。
背景技术
高脂血症以总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白水平升高以及高密度脂蛋白水平降低为特征,是引起动脉粥样硬化和心血管疾病发展的重要危险因素。血清胆固醇>5.2mmol/L,患冠状动脉心脏疾病的风险则会增加35%,同时,降低血清中胆固醇水平的1%,可以将患心脑血管疾病的风险降低2%~3%。
合理饮食和适量运动有助于降低体内血脂水平,但药物治疗必不可少。尽管他汀类、贝特类、烟酸类等临床常用药物是治疗高脂血症最快捷的途径,但是大多数化学合成的降脂药物都存在使血清转氨酶升高、造成肝毒性等不良反应,需长期服用药物,费用较高,病情易反复。如他汀类临床常用的有阿托伐他汀、辛伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀、匹伐他汀等,他汀类药物能有效的降低血胆固醇的含量,常见的不良反应为转氨酶升高、肌酸激酶升高等,服用期间要定期复查肝功能、激酶谱;贝特类临床常用的有苯扎贝特、非诺贝特等,这些药物的突出作用是能显著地降低血中的甘油三酯含量,其常见不良反应为胃肠道反应,包括恶心、腹泻等,严重者可能出现转氨酶升高,因此用药期间要注意定期复查肝功能。
鉴于此,开发安全、可靠、经济的降血脂功能性食品与要品对降低心血管疾病的患病率尤为重要。目前研究表明,一些发酵乳制品内的乳酸菌具有一定的降血脂作用,研究发现乳酸菌在体内使胆固醇的含量降低1%,心血管疾病的发病率可降低2%~3%。
乳酸菌(Lactic acid bacteria,LAB)是指一类可发酵碳水化合物产生大量乳酸的革兰氏阳性的球菌或杆菌的统称,其中常见的属有乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、肠球菌属(Enterooccus)、链球菌属(Streptooccus)、明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc)、片球菌属(Pediococcus)等。其中,肠球菌(Enterococcus spp .)是乳酸菌的一类,其作为益生菌,常被应用于饲料添加剂和微生态制剂中。肠球菌的益生功能包括:改善发酵食品的风味,拮抗食源性致病菌,调节肠道菌群平衡,调节宿主的细胞和体液免疫,降低胆固醇等。海氏肠球菌作为人体肠道的正常菌群之一,可以改善血脂代谢,参与肠道胆固醇吸收,加速粪便的排泄率,从而降低胆固醇的水平。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明立足于人体中分离纯化出来的乳酸菌菌株,从中筛选出具有降胆固醇功能的益生乳酸菌,测定其体外胆盐水解酶活性、胆固醇清除率、生长性能、发酵性能、耐酸耐胆盐能力,以期筛选出有开发潜力并可用于功能性发酵乳生产的乳酸菌,为工业化生产奠定理论基础。本发明筛选得到的一株海氏肠球菌为存在于健康人体中的具有减肥和降血脂功能的潜在益生菌。
一方面,本发明提供了一株海氏肠球菌(Enterococcus hirae)。
所述的海氏肠球菌为海氏肠球菌WIS40,保藏编号为CGMCC NO. 27973,分类命名为海氏肠球菌Enterococcus hirae,于2023年7月21日保藏于国家普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心。
所述的海氏肠球菌MRS培养基上菌落特征为:单菌落圆形,直径约1~2mm,呈现乳白色,不透明,菌落表面光滑微凸,边缘规则。
所述的海氏肠球菌在哥伦比亚血平板上的菌落特征:不溶血,单菌落,圆形边缘不规则,直径约1.5~2.5mm乳白色,不透明,菌落凸起。
另一方面,本发明提供了包括前述的海氏肠球菌的培养方法。
所述的培养方法中包括将前述的海氏肠球菌接种于培养基进行培养。
所述的培养基的类型包括但不限于:MRS、M17、PDA培养基中的任意一种或多种。
所述的接种的接种量根据经验可以是1%-10%;所述的培养的条件可以是30-40℃。
具体地,所述的接种的接种量根据经验可以是1%-8%、1%-5%、1%-3%、1%-2%、2%-8%、2%-6%、4%-5%或5%-10%;所述的培养的条件可以是30-38℃、30-36℃、30-35℃、30-33℃、30-32℃、33-40℃、35-40℃、33-39℃、35-38℃、36-38℃、38-40℃。
作为优选,所述的接种的接种量根据经验可以是1%-2%;所述的培养的条件可以是36-38℃。
再一方面,本发明提供了包括前述的海氏肠球菌的制备物。
所述的制备物中包括前述海氏肠球菌的菌体。
所述的制备物包括但不限于发酵液、发酵液沉淀、活菌、死菌、冻干粉中的任意一种或多种。
本发明中制备物的形式仅用于示例,实际上包含本发明所述海氏肠球菌的产品均在本发明保护范围内。
另一方面,本发明提供了前述的海氏肠球菌或制备物在制备药物中的应用。
所述的药物可以用于抑菌;
所述的抑菌可以是抑制致病菌,包括但不限于抑制:大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌中的任意一种或多种。
或所述的药物可以用于预防或治疗肥胖、高血压、高血脂或其并发症。
具体到疾病特征,所述的药物用于包括但不限于减轻体重、降低血清总胆固醇水平、降低血清甘油三脂、降低脂蛋白中的任意一种或多种。
所述的脂蛋白为高密度脂蛋白和/或低密度脂蛋白。
所述的并发症包括:脂肪肝、糖尿病、内分泌紊乱、胆囊炎、肺泡通气低下综合征、冠心病、多囊卵巢综合征、痛风、哮喘、关节炎、劲椎病、腰痛、血栓、脑溢血、肾功能损伤、脑梗死、高血脂症、急性胰腺炎、心肌梗死中的任意一种或多种。
又一方面,本发明提供了包括前述的海氏肠球菌或制备物的药物。
优选地,所述的药物为口服药物。
所述的药物的剂型包括但不限于片剂、粉剂、口服液、糖浆剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、滴剂、凝胶中的任意一种或多种。
所述的药物中还可以包括药学上可接受的载体。
又一方面,本发明提供了前述的海氏肠球菌或制备物在制备抑菌剂中的应用。
优选地,所述的抑菌剂用于抑制大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌或铜绿假单胞菌中的任意一种或多种。
本发明同时提供包含前述的海氏肠球菌或前述的制备物的抑菌剂。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明自健康人中筛选得到海氏肠球菌WIS40,其实际应用具有较高的安全性。另外,本发明筛选到的海氏肠球菌WIS40具有多种优良特性,如:具有良好的胆盐水解酶活性;对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌均有较强抑制效果,抑菌圈直径15-18mm;在0.3g/100mL的胆盐浓度下,存活率达到21.2%;在pH=1.5的人工胃液1h后,存活率为25.45%;在人工肠液4h后存活率为95.32%,24h后存活率为28.74%。且繁殖力强,超声波抗性强,在MRS液体培养基培养条件下超声波抗性为62.7%,在MRS-CHO培养基培养条件下超声波抗性为79.2%。通过高脂喂养的小鼠模型验证,海氏肠球菌WIS40具有很好的控制体重功能和降血压降血脂功能,具有很好的临床应用前景。
保藏说明
菌种名称:海氏肠球菌WIS40;
分类命名:海氏肠球菌Enterococcus hirae;
保藏编号:CGMCC No.27973;
保藏时间:2023年7月21日;
保藏单位:中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC);
保藏地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号。
附图说明
图1为海氏肠球菌生长曲线。
图2为海氏肠球菌菌落特征与显微镜检图。
图3为12周小鼠体重变化曲线图。
图4为海氏肠球菌WIS40增高高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)统计图。
图5为海氏肠球菌WIS40降低总胆固醇(TC)统计图。
图6为海氏肠球菌WIS40降低甘油三酯(TG)统计图。
图7为海氏肠球菌WIS40降低低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)统计图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明作进一步详细的阐述,下述实施例不用于限制本发明,仅用于说明本发明。以下实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,下述实施例中所使用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1海氏肠球菌WIS40 (Enterococcus hirae)的分离与鉴定
海氏肠球菌分离自健康成年人粪便中。
1、样本收集:采集粪便1g,加入9ml保存液(20%甘油、10%脱脂乳,0.05%半胱氨酸)充分旋涡混匀,再分装至无菌冻存管中,1ml/管,干冰运输、-80°C冷冻保存。
2、菌株分离:取1ml保存液中的粪便样本,用无菌生理盐水进行10倍梯度稀释,吸取合适稀释度的稀释液0.1mL在MRS琼脂上均匀涂布,37°C培养48h后,将生长出的菌落通过平板划线接种到新的MRS固体培养基进行纯化培养48h。
3、菌株富集:将纯化培养后的菌株,在无菌操作台上用接种环逐一接种到无菌MRS肉汤培养基中,置于摇床中,37°C培养48h后进行16S rDNA鉴定,并将剩余部分与含有20%甘油的MRS液体培养基混合,保存至-80°C冰箱。
4、16S rDNA鉴定:将富集后的菌液,使用细菌通用引物27F:AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG;1492R:GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT,进行菌落PCR扩增后,进行16S rDNA测序鉴定,将各个菌株的16S rDNA序列与数据库中所有已测定细菌的16S rDNA序列进行比对,其中发现有菌株WIS40与海氏肠球菌(Enterococcus hirae)的16S rDNA序列的同源相似性最高,为99.93%,确定筛选得到一株海氏肠球菌WIS40。
5、菌种保藏:筛选到的海氏肠球菌WIS40于2023年7月21日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No. 27973,分类命名为海氏肠球菌Enterococcus hirae。
实施例2海氏肠球菌WIS40的特性检测
1、胆盐水解酶活力测定BSH定性测定
将灭菌的BSH筛选培养基倒入无菌平板中,待培养基凝固后将直径约3~4mm无菌滤纸片均匀放于培养基上,用移液器将10µL活化后的待测菌液缓慢加在的无菌滤纸片上,待菌液完全吸收后,于37℃厌氧条件下培养72h,观察滤纸片周围是否有白色沉淀物产生,若出现白色沉淀则可初步验证该菌含有BSH。
结果显示:菌株周围有明显且界限清晰的乳白色沉淀,表明该菌株具有良好的胆盐水解酶活性。
2、抑菌能力检测
采用牛津杯法测定菌株的抑菌活性。病原指示菌选用3种常见致病菌:大肠杆菌(ATCC25922)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC27923)和铜绿假单胞菌(ATCC27553)。将3种病原菌分别接种在营养肉汤培养基中,放置37°C培养箱中培养12-18h。将大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌菌株浓度分别用无菌生理盐水调整至1×108CFU/mL,各取200μL均匀涂布在营养琼脂培养基,将灭菌后的牛津杯均匀轻放在营养琼脂培养基上,在牛津杯中分别加入200μL已活化并且菌液浓度在1×108CFU/mL的带有MRS肉汤的WIS40菌液。放置37°C培养箱中培养12h。用游标卡尺测量抑菌圈大小并评价抑菌效果。
结果显示(表1),海氏肠球菌WIS40对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌均有较强抑制效果。
表1 海氏肠球菌WIS40对病原菌的抑制能力
注:以上数值为抑菌圈直径,单位mm。
3、耐人工胃液实验
配制人工胃液:取稀盐酸 16.4 mL,加蒸馏水 800 mL;加入胃蛋白酶 10 g(1%,W/V),摇匀后用蒸馏水稀释至1000 mL,调节pH值至2.0,0.22 μm有机滤膜过滤除菌。
将已活化2代后并且菌液浓度在1×108CFU/mL的WIS40菌液,分别取1mL接种到9mLpH=1.5的人工胃液中,1h后采用平板涂布法测定活菌数。结果显示(表2),在pH=1.5的人工胃液1h后,相比较同期筛选的其它3株海氏肠球菌,其中海氏肠球菌WIS40存活率为45.73%。
表2 海氏肠球菌在PH=1.5的人工胃液中的存活率%
4、耐人工肠液实验
将WIS37、WIS40、WIS43已活化并且菌液浓度在1×108CFU/mL的菌液,分别取1mL接种到9mL pH=6.8的人工胃液中,3h和24h后采用平板涂布法测定活菌数。
结果显示(表3),三种海氏肠球菌在人工肠液4h、24h后的存活率。
表3 三种海氏肠球菌在人工肠液的存活率
5、耐胆盐实验
将活化两代后的WIS40菌液,活菌数为1×108CFU/mL,分别取1mL接种到9mL含0.3%牛胆盐的无菌生理盐水中,1h后采用平板涂布法测定活菌数。
结果显示,在0.3g%的胆盐浓度下,海氏肠球菌的存活率达到21.2%左右。
6、生长曲线测定
按1%接种量从浓度为1×108CFU/mL的海氏肠球菌菌液中吸取定量的菌液接种到MRS肉汤培养基中,放入全自动酶标仪中,37℃孵育、圆周震荡、每隔1h使用自动测定OD600的吸光值。结果显示(图1),海氏肠球菌菌株在4h后即可进入对数生长期,13h进入平台期。
7、形态及菌落观察、溶血特征
将菌体涂抹在载玻片并对其烘干,革兰氏染色完成后用去离子水缓慢冲洗,洗掉多余的染色液,烘干玻片后置于显微镜下油镜观察并拍照。用接种环蘸取一环菌液在MRS琼脂培养基进行划线,37°C培养48h后对其菌落形态进行观察。
结果显示(图2),海氏肠球菌的微生物学特性如下:(1)菌落形态:MRS培养基上菌落特征:单菌落圆形,直径约1~2mm,呈现乳白色,不透明,菌落表面光滑微凸,边缘规则。在哥伦比亚血平板上的菌落特征:不溶血,单菌落,圆形边缘不规则,直径约1.5~2.5mm乳白色,不透明,菌落凸起。(2)染色后细菌形态呈现球形,无鞭毛,不运动。(3)生长特性:在MRS液体培养基中,置于37°C摇床培养,4小时后开始进入对数生长期,14h进入平台期,最大活菌数为2.7×108CFU/mL。
8、海氏肠球菌超声波抗性测定
取活化两代后的海氏肠球菌,按1%接种量分别接种于MRS-CHO培养基(高胆固醇培养基)和MRS液体培养基,37°C厌氧培养24h后,6000g离心10min,收集菌体沉淀,生理盐水重悬,调整菌体浓度为4×109CFU/mL。取一定体积重悬液,在冰浴条件下超声破碎10min,破碎期间每5s停止2s以防止过热。平板计数超声前后活菌数,计算存活率。
结果证明:海氏肠球菌在MRS肉汤培养基(北京陆桥技术股份有限公,CMT383)培养条件下超声波抗性为62.7%,在MRS-CHOL培养基(胆固醇含量100ug/mL的MRS肉汤培养基)培养条件下超声波抗性为79.2%。益生菌在高胆固醇培养基条件下对超声波的抗性是考察益生菌体外降胆固醇作用机理的指标之一。在高胆固醇培养基中培养的菌株对超声波的抗性强于在普通培养基中培养的菌株,表明菌株吸收培养基中的胆固醇,改变了细胞膜的组成和韧性,提高了细胞通透性,从而增强了对超声波的抵抗能力。
实施例3海氏肠球菌体外降血脂功能分析
选用海氏肠球菌ATCC8043、WIS40、WIS43采用邻苯二甲醛比色法来测定菌株的降胆固醇能力。取活化两代后的菌液按5%接种量接种于50 mL高胆固醇培养基中,37℃厌氧培养24h,然后以4℃、8000g离心5min,收集上清液,通过邻苯二甲醛法测定上清液中胆固醇含量。以未接种菌株培养液的高胆固醇培养基做对照。按下面公式计算降胆固醇率。重复实验3次求平均值。
胆固醇去除率(%)=(C0–C)/C×100;
式中:C0为未接种培养液离心上清液中胆固醇实测浓度,单位μg/mL;C为接种后发酵液离心上清液中胆固醇实测浓度,单位μg/mL。
结果(表4)表明在三株海氏肠球菌中,WIS40在体外对胆固醇的去除率最高,可达55.27±0.63%。
表4海氏肠球菌在体外对胆固醇的去除率
实施例4海氏肠球菌体内降血脂功能分析
1、将本发明的海氏肠球菌WIS40菌体制成生理盐水菌悬液(活菌量1×109CFU/mL),灌服高脂饲料组小鼠(C57BL/6:清洁级,雄性,平均体重30±0.74g。灌胃量:每天0.1mL/10 g小鼠体重),并以基础饲料(营养成分含量:蛋白质16.1%,碳水化合物60%,脂肪3.1%,能量2.9kcal/g)组小鼠和高脂饲料(营养成分含量:蛋白质26%,碳水化合物26%,脂肪35%,能量5.2kcal/g)组小鼠灌服灭菌生理盐水作为对照,进行该菌株对小鼠的体内益生功能分析。实验分组情况如表5所示。
表5 实验分组与饲养方式
2、称重
为了证实海氏肠球菌WIS40对实验动物体重变化的影响,在试验期间,每周观察小鼠生长情况,并测量小鼠体重,12周的体重变化如图3所示。
从图3可以看出,在饲喂高脂肪饮食的动物中的整个试验周期,WIS40组从第7天开始显著抑制由肥胖引起的体重增加,海氏肠球菌WIS40组与正常对照组(NC组)体重增长曲线相近。在研究过程中,由于高脂肪饮食摄入而导致的体重增加相对被抑制。
3、血脂测量
饲喂12周后进行血清总胆固醇水平(TC)、血清甘油三脂(TG),高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)等各项指标的测定。检测试剂盒信息如下:总胆固醇水平(TC)含量检测试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司,BC1985)、血清甘油三脂(TG)含量检测试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司,BC0625)、高密度脂蛋白含量检测试剂盒(HDL-C)(北京索莱宝科技有限公司,BC5325)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)含量检测试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司,BC5335)。
实验结果如图4-图7所示。结果证明:与高脂饲料组小鼠(HFD)相比,海氏肠球菌WIS40灌胃组小鼠(WIS40)的血清总胆固醇水平(TC)、血清甘油三脂(TG),高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)均显著降低。
Claims (8)
1.一株海氏肠球菌WIS40,其特征在于,分类命名为Enterococcus hirae,保藏编号为CGMCC No.27973。
2.权利要求1所述的海氏肠球菌WIS40的培养方法,其特征在于,包括将权利要求1所述的海氏肠球菌WIS40接种于培养基进行培养。
3.包括权利要求1所述的海氏肠球菌WIS40的制备物,其特征在于,所述的制备物为发酵液上清液、发酵液沉淀和冻干粉中的任意一种或多种。
4.权利要求1所述的海氏肠球菌WIS40或权利要求3所述的制备物在制备药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述的药物用于抑菌,或所述的药物用于预防或治疗肥胖、高血压、高血脂或其并发症。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的药物用于减轻体重、降低血清总胆固醇水平、降低血清甘油三脂和降低脂蛋白中的任意一种或多种。
6.权利要求1所述的海氏肠球菌WIS40或权利要求3所述的制备物在制备抑菌剂中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的抑菌剂用于抑制大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌或铜绿假单胞菌中的任意一种或多种。
8.包含权利要求1所述的海氏肠球菌WIS40或权利要求3所述的制备物的抑菌剂。
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