CN116948847A - 一株拜耳接合酵母及其在白酒生产中的应用 - Google Patents
一株拜耳接合酵母及其在白酒生产中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/165—Yeast isolates
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12G3/00—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages
- C12G3/02—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages by fermentation
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
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- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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Abstract
本发明属于微生物发酵技术领域,具体涉及一种耐酸性强、产乙醇能力强的拜耳接合酵母及其应用。本发明提供一种从酱香型生产酒醅中分离筛选获得的拜耳接合酵母(Zygosaccharomyces bailii)BM09,保藏编号CGMCC NO.26752。该菌株在非胁迫条件下与工业酿酒酵母产酒能力相当,同时具有更好地产香味物质的能力;在酱香型白酒原位环境中发酵,具有突出的产酒优势和淀粉利用能力。本发明能够为解决酱香型白酒生产中酒醅酸度大、酵母发酵力不足而造成的原料利用率低、出酒率下降等问题提供帮助。该菌株具有很强的应用价值,有助于改善传统的白酒生产,促进白酒生产的产量与质量的提高,产生较大的经济效益。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于微生物发酵技术领域,具体涉及一种耐酸性强、产乙醇能力强的拜耳接合酵母及其应用。
背景技术:
传统白酒酿造是开放、复杂与协同的多种微生物相互作用的过程。其中,酱香型白酒多轮次酿造的特殊工艺,导致糟醅的酸度逐渐增大,使得酿造环境逐渐恶劣,微生物无法在其中正常生存代谢,菌群受到破坏,进而使得六、七轮次酿造时对原料利用降低,导致出酒率下降,风味物质不足问题的产生。
拜耳接合酵母是一种广泛存在于各种发酵食品中的酵母,如葡萄酒、茶和醋等。拜耳接合酵母对各种压力具有较好的耐受性,其在传统食品发酵中具有潜在的应用价值。
在酱香型白酒发酵过程中,拜耳接合酵母与酿酒酵母、毕赤酵母及粟酒裂殖酵母被认为是酱香型白酒发酵过程中的四大核心功能酵母,其生物量可达酵母总数的70%以上。研究发现,在酱香型白酒酿造过程中,拜耳接合酵母在酱香型的六、七轮次中为优势酵母菌株,是重要的乙醇贡献菌,在风味上能够产生更多的酸、酯及醛类物质,尤其是在乙酸乙酯、苯乙酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯等乙酯类化合物方面有高生产水平,对酒体的出酒率、酒质至关重要。因此,拜耳接合酵母的抗逆性能和发酵性能不仅直接影响着发酵过程中微生态中菌群的演替,而且还会影响基酒的产质量。
在酱香型白酒的酿造过程中,由于其多轮次的特殊工艺,随着发酵轮次的增加,糟醅酸度过高的问题十分突出,这已经严重影响出酒率和产品风味。因此,如何提高酿造微生态中功能菌群结构的稳定性和抗干扰性已成为酱香型白酒企业亟需解决的共性技术问题。定向调节酿造过程中的微生物数量是解决生产问题的常用方法,因此,筛选出一株高耐受性和高发酵性能的拜耳接合酵母应用于酱香型白酒生产,调节酿造过程中拜耳接合酵母的比例,是有效且直接的途径之一。
发明内容:
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明是提供一种耐酸性能强、产酒能力好的拜耳接合酵母及其应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明提供的技术方案之一,是一种耐酸性能强、产酒能力好的拜耳接合酵母,具体为拜耳接合酵母(Zygosaccharomyces bailii)BM09,该菌株是从酱香型生产酒醅中分离筛选获得的,已于2023年3月6日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,邮编100101,保藏编号CGMCC NO.26752。
所述拜耳接合酵母BM09具有如下理化性质:
(1)形态特征为:菌落呈半球状,颜色为乳白色,边缘整齐,不透明,质地均匀易挑起;菌体呈球状或椭圆状,细胞直径约0.5~1μm;
(2)生物学特征为:能够同化利用葡萄糖、半乳糖、乙醇、乳酸、尿素和硫酸铵,不能同化利用阿拉伯糖、木糖、乙酸、柠檬酸、硝酸钾;
(3)所述拜耳接合酵母BM09可耐受16g/L乙酸、110g/L乳酸、14%乙醇,具有较高的耐酸性和耐乙醇性能。
本发明提供的技术方案之二,是所述拜耳接合酵母BM09在白酒酿造或在乙醇生产中的应用;
进一步地,采用拜耳接合酵母BM09进行白酒液态发酵。
进一步地,采用拜耳接合酵母BM09进行酱香型白酒原位发酵。
所述拜耳接合酵母BM09在白酒液态模拟发酵中酒度达到10.33±0.12%vol,与酿酒酵母AY12产酒能力(10.50±0.12%vol)相当;能够产生乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、正丙醇、异丁醇、异戊醇及苯乙醇等风味物质,其中乙酸乙酯产量显著高于AY12,BM09的乙酸乙酯含量为36.29±1.19mg/L,对比AY12的乙酸乙酯含量5.63±0.65mg/L,是AY12的6.45倍。
所述拜耳接合酵母BM09在酱香型白酒原位发酵结束后,淀粉含量为4.00±0.12%,AY12的淀粉含量为4.68±0.27%,添加等体积无菌生理盐水的阴性对照的淀粉含量为4.81±0.10%。相比较发现BM09对酒醅中淀粉利用率显著提升了16.84%。
所述拜耳接合酵母BM09在酱香型白酒原位发酵结束后,乙醇含量为1.37±0.01g/100g酒醅,阳性对照AY12的原位发酵中乙醇含量为0.86±0.03g/100g酒醅,添加等体积无菌生理盐水的阴性对照的乙醇含量为0.84±0.03g/100g酒醅。相比较,阳性对照AY12的乙醇产量与阴性对照相当,而BM09的乙醇产量提升了63.10%。说明在酱香型白酒原位环境中,拜耳接合酵母BM09具有更好的耐受性、更好的淀粉利用能力和产酒能力。
有益效果:
本发明从酱香型酒醅中分离出了一种耐酸性能优良拜耳接合酵母BM09,在非胁迫条件下与工业酿酒酵母产酒能力相当,同时具有更好地产香味物质的能力。在酱香型白酒原位环境中发酵,具有突出的产酒优势和淀粉利用能力。本发明能够为解决酱香型白酒生产中酒醅酸度大、酵母发酵力不足而造成的原料利用率低、出酒率下降等问题提供帮助。该菌株具有很强的应用价值,有助于改善传统的白酒生产,促进白酒生产的产量与质量的提高,产生较大的经济效益。
附图说明:
图1为拜耳接合酵母BM09菌落形态、显微形态以及扫描电镜图;
(a)-菌落形态;(b)-显微镜图;(c)-扫描电镜图。
图2为拜耳接合酵母BM09系统进化树。
图3为拜耳接合酵母BM09对乳酸、乙酸、乙醇、温度耐受性点板图
(a)-乙酸;(b)-乳酸;(c)-乙醇;(d)-温度。
图4为模拟白酒液态发酵菌株CO2释放量及酒精度图;
(a)-酒精度;(b)-CO2释放量。
图5为本发明所述拜耳接合酵母BM09在酱香型白酒原位发酵样品位置示意图;
(a)-堆积阶段;(b)-窖池阶段。
上述附图中BM09即为本发明拜耳接合酵母(Zygosaccharomyces bailii)BM09。
具体实施方式:
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1酒醅中拜耳接合酵母的分离筛选
(1)菌种来源:酱香型白酒第六与第七轮次酒醅。
(2)培养基:
富集培养基:以麦芽汁培养基作为富集培养基,麦芽粉碎过120目筛,按照麦芽:水=1:4的比例加入水,于65℃液化、糖化处理1h。过滤去残渣,然后煮沸1h,并于40min时按照0.4‰的比例添加酒花,煮沸结束后离心取上清做灭菌处理,灭菌后加入100mg/L氯霉素;
WL固态培养基:称取WL固态培养基78.25g,加热溶解于1000mL蒸馏水中,分装三角瓶,121℃高压灭菌15min后加入氯霉素使终浓度达到100mg/L,备用。
YPD液态培养基:葡萄糖20g/L,蛋白胨20g/L,酵母浸粉10g/L,115℃灭菌20min后使用。固体培养基额外添加琼脂粉20g/L。
(3)筛选方法:
菌株富集及涂布:
称取10g酒醅加入到100mL富集培养基在30℃条件下静置培养48h,取100μL富集培养液采用梯度稀释法涂布于WL固态培养基,30℃培养4-5天,挑取长势良好的菌落,采用三区划线对各菌落纯化两次,最终得到纯化后菌株共计9株(分别命名为BM01-09),甘油管保存,备用。
(4)鉴定
菌落形态、微观形态观察:
菌落:将纯化后的9株单菌落以稀释涂板的方式接种于WL培养基,30℃培养2~3天,观察并记录菌落形态。这9株的菌落形态一致,菌落呈半球状,颜色为乳白色,边缘整齐,不透明,质地均匀易挑起,其中图1-a为BM09菌落形态图。
显微镜检:美兰染色,40×油镜观察。9株菌菌体均呈球状或椭圆状,无鞭毛。其中,图1-b为BM09菌体形态。
扫描电镜:酵母菌摇床培养16h(稳定期),取5mL菌液加入50mL离心管,7000r/min离心2min,倒掉上清液;加入20mL 5%固定液戊二醛溶液,涡旋震荡后静置,固定2h;加入20mL PBS缓冲液,洗涤三次,每次以7000r/min离心5min;分别依次加入50%、70%、95%乙醇各洗涤一次,无水乙醇洗涤两次,7000r/min离心20min后加入叔丁醇(不可低温)洗涤三次,4000r/min离心15min。所得样品冷冻干燥后采用扫描电子显微镜观察(SU1510,捷克)。9株菌菌体性状均与光学显微镜下形态一致,呈球状或椭圆状,细胞直径约0.5~1μm。其中,图1-c为BM09扫描电镜图。
分子生物学鉴定:
对这9株菌进行26S rDNA鉴定。所选通用引物为:
NL1:5'-GCATATCAATAAGCGGAGGAAAAG-3'
NL4:5'-GGTCCGTGTTTCAAGACGG-3'
扩增片段长度约为600bp。目的片段送金唯智测序,测序结果与GenBank中所登录的26S rDNA序列进行比对分析。通过26S rDNA序列分析后确定这9株菌株均为拜耳接合酵母。其中,BM09比对结果见图2所示,将其命名为拜耳接合酵母(Zygosaccharomycesbailii)BM09,并于2023年3月6日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号CGMCC NO.26752。
所述拜耳接合酵母BM09的26S rDNA核苷酸序列如下:
AAAAGCGGAGGAAAAGAAACCAACCGGGATTGCCTTAGTAACGGCGAGTGAAGCGGCAAAAGCTCAAATTTGAAATCTGGTACCTTCGGTGCCCGAGTTGTAATTTGTAGAAGGCGACTCTGGGGCTGGTCCTTGTCTATGTTCCTTGGAACAGGACGTCATGGAGGGTGAGAATCCCGTATGGCGAGGATCCCAGCTCTTTGTAGAGTGCCTTCGAAGAGTCGAGTTGTTTGGGAATGCAGCTCTAAGTGGGTGGTAAATTCCATCTAAAGCTAAATATTGGCGAGAGACCGATAGCGAACAAGTACAGTGATGGAAAGATGAAAAGAACTTTGAAAAGAGAGTGAAAAAGTACGTGAAATTGTTGAAAGGGAAGGGCATTTGATCAGACATGGTGTTTTGCGCCCCTCGCCTCTCGTGGGTGGGGGAATCTCGCAGCTCACTGGGCCAGCATCAGTTTTGGCGGCAGGATAAATCCCTGGGAATGTAGCTCTACCACTTCGTGGCGGACGAACTTATAGTCCAGGGGAATACTGCCAGCTGGGACTGAGGAATGCGACTTTTAGTCAAGGATGCTGGCATAATGGTTATATGCCGCCCGTCTTGAAA。
实施例2碳氮源同化实验:
(1)碳源同化试验
同化碳源基础培养基:(NH4)2SO4 0.5%,KH2PO4 0.1%,MgSO4·7H2O 0.05%,酵母浸粉0.02%,琼脂2%,115℃灭菌15min。
测试的碳源为柠檬酸、半乳糖、木糖、乙醇、乳酸、乙酸、阿拉伯糖,用灭菌的注射器经滤膜(0.20μm)除菌,使其含量达到50mmol/L。
将供试菌种BM01-09分别接入3mL无菌生理盐水,充分摇匀,吸取1mL酵母悬液于无菌培养皿中,再倾入融化并冷却至45~50℃左右的无碳源基础培养基,摇匀,待凝固后,置于30℃下倒置培养7h。取出带菌平板,在皿底上用玻璃铅笔划分成六个小区,其中一个小区作为对照,其余五个小区标记上实验用的碳源物。将少许碳源用无菌涂布棒按标记加到带菌平板上,先正放2~4h,待表面干燥,置于30℃下倒置培养48h,观察结果。若能在某一小区内观察到菌落生长,说明该菌种能利用这种碳源。结果如表1所示,
表1碳源同化结果
注:+代表能够利用;-代表不能利用。
(2)氮源同化
同化氮源基础培养基:葡萄糖2%,KH2PO4 0.1%,MgSO4·7H2O 0.05%,酵母浸粉0.02%,琼脂2%,115℃灭菌15min。
测试的氮源为硝酸钾、硫酸铵、尿素,用灭菌的注射器经滤膜(0.20μm)除菌,使其含量达到50mmol/L。
具体实验方法同实施例3碳源同化实验一致。
表2氮源同化结果
注:+代表能够利用;-代表不能利用。
实施例3耐乳酸、耐乙酸、耐乙醇及温度耐受性性能评价
YPD液体培养基:葡萄糖20g/L,蛋白胨20g/L,酵母浸粉10g/L,115℃灭菌20min后使用。固体培养基额外添加琼脂粉20g/L。
乳酸胁迫培养基:在YPD固体培养基添加乳酸,终浓度分别为90g/L、100g/L、110g/L。
乙酸胁迫培养基:在YPD固体培养基添加乙酸,终浓度分别为14g/L、15g/L、16g/L。
乙醇胁迫培养基:在YPD固体培养基添加乙醇,终浓度分别为12%、13%、14%。
采用点板试验对BM09的耐受性进行检测。将测试菌株挑取至3mL YPD培养基中,30℃培养12~16h,将菌液OD600调整至0.5,依次稀释10、100、1000和10000倍,分别吸取2μL菌液滴加在胁迫培养基上,30℃倒置培养1~2d(温度耐受性实验设置培养温度分别为30℃、35℃、37℃),每隔12h观察菌株生长情况,探究BM09对温度、乳酸、乙酸和乙醇的最高耐受性,具体结果见图3。
由图3a可知,BM09在乙酸含量为16g/L条件生长状态良好;由图3b可知,BM09在乳酸含量为100g/L条件下生长状态良好,最大乳酸胁迫含量为110g/L;由图3c可知,BM09能够承受最大乙醇胁迫含量为14%;由图3d可知,BM09在35℃条件下生长状态良好,最高耐受温度为37℃。
经检测,16g/L乙酸对应的pH为1.62,100g/L乳酸对应的pH为1.61,110g/L乳酸对应的pH为1.56。现有筛选到的拜耳接合酵母对乙醇耐受性最好为8%,耐酸性最好是在pH为2.0。相对比,本发明的拜耳接合酵母在耐受性方面能更好的在酱香型白酒酿造环境中生存并发挥作用。
实施例4白酒液态模拟发酵
以酿酒酵母AY12作为对照菌株,以拜耳接合酵母BM09作为实验菌株。
(1)高粱水解液制备:
以优质高粱为原料,要求通过20目孔筛,按照高粱粉与水1:3(w/v)混合,在60℃下糊化30min,然后置于90℃水浴下,加热至90℃后添加耐高温α-淀粉酶(1μL/g原料)进行液化20min,然后在121℃下加热煮沸20min,之后补水至原体积,立即降温到60℃。糖化:以2μL/g原料的比例添加糖化酶,在60℃糖化作用4h。糖化完成后降温到40℃,添加酸性蛋白酶(0.006g/g原料)水浴作用2h。冷却至室温并使用4层纱布过滤获得清液,将糖度调整至8°Bx、12°Bx、16°Bx,备用。
(2)种子培养基与液态发酵培养基制备:
种子培养基制备:向8°Brx和12°Brx水解液中添加0.5%的酵母浸粉分别作为一级种子培养基和二级种子培养基,121℃高温灭菌20min,备用。
液态发酵培养基:16°Bx水解液中添加硫酸铵6g/L、硫酸镁1.2g/L、磷酸氢二钾2.4g/L作为无胁迫模拟培养基,121℃高温灭菌20min,备用。
(3)发酵方法
一级种子培养:从平板或斜面上刮一环AY12、BM09酵母菌体分别接种在一级种子培养基的试管中,装液量10mL/30mL,30℃静置培养24h;
二级种子培养:将一级种子液按照10%的比例接种至二级种子培养基,装液量100mL/250mL,30℃静置培养16h,得到酵母二级种子液。
发酵接种:将二级种子液按照1×107CFU/mL的接种量接种至液态发酵培养基中,装液量为150mL/250mL,30℃静置培养6d。通过CO2排放量来监测整个发酵过程的进程,每隔12h称重1次,当两次失重小于或等于0.1g时,发酵结束。发酵结束后取100mL醪液,加100mL水,蒸出100mL酒样,测定酒精度。
如图4所示,酿酒酵母AY12发酵24h后进入稳定期,酒度为10.50±0.12%vol,拜耳接合酵母BM09在72h后进入稳定期,酒度为10.33±0.12%vol,虽然拜耳接合酵母BM09发酵速度比酿酒酵母AY12慢48h,但是最终酒度无显著差异。
如下表3所示,发酵6天结束后,检测了6种风味物质,其中拜耳接合酵母BM09乙酸乙酯的产量为36.29±1.19mg/L,对比酿酒酵母AY12的乙酸乙酯含量(5.63±0.65mg/L),是AY12的6.45倍,其余风味物质之间没有明显差异,与AY12相当。
表3酒样中风味物质含量(mg/L)
风味物质 | AY12 | BM09 |
乙酸乙酯 | 5.63±0.65 | 36.29±1.19**** |
乳酸乙酯 | 1.21±0.03 | 1.53±0.23n.s. |
正丙醇 | 43.56±2.47 | 44.61±0.87n.s. |
异丁醇 | 45.75±3.33 | 45.78±3.26n.s. |
异戊醇 | 172.01±13.51 | 168.22±6.33n.s. |
苯乙醇 | 22.26±7.41 | 20.56±0.63n.s. |
实施例5酱香型白酒原位环境发酵
从平板挑取BM09单菌落接种于200mL YPD培养基中,在30℃,200r/min摇床培养至稳定期。以10%的接种量接种至新鲜的YPD液体培养基(30℃、200r/min),培养至对数中后期,用无菌生理盐水洗2次菌液,然后用适量的无菌生理盐水悬浮菌体得到高浓度菌液,以106CFU/g的接种量加入10kg六轮次摊凉拌曲后的酒醅中混匀,阴性对照组为等体积的无菌生理盐水加入10kg六轮次摊凉拌曲后的酒醅中,阳性对照组为相同培养处理相同接种量的酿酒酵母AY12加入10kg六轮次摊凉拌曲后的酒醅中。
根据酱香型白酒第七轮次酿造工艺流程进行原位环境试验,从堆积发酵开始,将试验的各组混匀后把酒醅分别装入纯棉纱布袋中,放置到酒醅堆的中部位置,具体位置如图5a所示,进行堆积发酵3-5d(具体天数根据酒醅堆的温度来决定),堆积发酵结束后,将绵纱布袋中的样品进行翻拌,模拟移堆操作,然后再放入纱布袋中,随着酒醅堆进入到窖池发酵阶段,样品在窖池中的具体位置如图5b所示,窖池发酵持续30d左右。发酵结束后取出样品,检测酒醅中的淀粉与乙醇含量。
测定乙醇含量及淀粉结果如表4所示。在发酵结束时,对比阴性对照,AY12的残淀粉量和乙醇产量均没有显著差异,而本发明提供的拜耳接合酵母BM09在发酵结束后,对淀粉利用率提升了16.84%,乙醇产量提升了63.10%。
表4窖池发酵后酒醅中淀粉和乙醇含量
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本专利构思的前提下,上述各实施方式还可以做出若干变形、组合和改进,这些都属于本专利的保护范围。因此,本专利的保护范围应以权利要求为准。
Claims (5)
1.一种拜耳接合酵母,其特征在于,具体为拜耳接合酵母(Zygosaccharomycesbailii)BM09,保藏编号CGMCC NO.26752。
2.权利要求1所述拜耳接合酵母(Zygosaccharomyces bailii)BM09在白酒酿造中的应用。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,采用拜耳接合酵母BM09进行酱香型白酒发酵。
4.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,采用拜耳接合酵母BM09进行白酒液态发酵。
5.权利要求1所述拜耳接合酵母(Zygosaccharomyces bailii)BM09在乙醇生产中的应用。
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