CN116915075A - 电源系统 - Google Patents

电源系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116915075A
CN116915075A CN202310116801.3A CN202310116801A CN116915075A CN 116915075 A CN116915075 A CN 116915075A CN 202310116801 A CN202310116801 A CN 202310116801A CN 116915075 A CN116915075 A CN 116915075A
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power
pair
conversion device
charging
bidirectional
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北泽成
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584Bidirectional converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00308Overvoltage protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007Plural converter units in cascade
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36Means for starting or stopping converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/10Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/10DC to DC converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/527Voltage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547Voltage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/20Inrush current reduction, i.e. avoiding high currents when connecting the battery
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

电源系统包括:蓄电装置;第1继电器,设置于和蓄电装置连接的第1电力线对与和电气机器连接的第2电力线对之间;双向电力变换装置,构成为能够在第2电力线对与车辆外部的电力设备之间双向地变换电力;第1电容器,设置于第2电力线对之间;以及控制装置,构成为执行在使第1继电器接通之前对第1电容器进行充电的第1预充电处理。双向电力变换装置构成为包括开关元件。控制装置在双向电力变换装置的起动时开始第1预充电处理。

Description

电源系统
技术领域
本公开涉及电源系统,特别涉及与电气机器连接的电源系统。
背景技术
日本特开2009-131077公开一种车辆。该车辆包括蓄电装置、系统主继电器(SMR:System Main Relay)、逆变器、马达以及充电装置。SMR设置于蓄电装置与逆变器之间。逆变器驱动马达。充电装置连接到SMR与逆变器之间的电力线对,使用来自车辆外部的电源的电力对蓄电装置进行充电。
发明内容
存在用向车辆外部的电力设备也能供电的双向的电力变换装置构成如上述的充电装置的情况。与具有仅充电的功能的电力变换装置(例如整流电路)不同,双向电力变换装置包括与充电或者供电电力流过的电力线对连接的开关元件、及其驱动电路。在双向电力变换装置的起动时,驱动电路的电源以将开关元件保持为断开状态的方式对驱动电路供给工作电力。然而,有时从该电源对上述电力线对施加电压。
在SMR被接通前的双向电力变换装置的起动时,如果对连接逆变器等电气机器的上述电力线对施加未意图的电压,则存在产生各种问题的可能性。
本公开能够解决上述问题,在与电气机器连接的电源系统中,能够避免在双向电力变换装置的起动时对电气机器施加未意图的电压的情形。
本公开的一个方式所涉及的电源系统与电气机器连接。该电源系统具备蓄电装置、第1继电器、双向电力变换装置、第1电容器以及控制装置。第1继电器设置于和蓄电装置连接的第1电力线对与和电气机器连接的第2电力线对之间。双向电力变换装置构成为经由第3电力线对连接到第2电力线对,能够在第2电力线对与车辆外部的电力设备之间双向地变换电力。第1电容器设置于第2电力线对之间。控制装置构成为执行在使第1继电器接通之前对第1电容器进行充电的第1预充电处理。双向电力变换装置构成为包括与第3电力线对连接的开关元件。控制装置在双向电力变换装置的起动时开始第1预充电处理。
在双向电力变换装置的起动时,存在从双向电力变换装置的开关元件的驱动电路的电源对第2电力线对施加电压的可能性。其结果,存在未意图的电压被施加到电气机器的可能性。通过做成上述结构,在双向电力变换装置的起动时,同时执行第1电容器的预充电和从双向电力变换装置向第2电力线对的电压施加。从双向电力变换装置对第2电力线对施加的电压比第1电容器的预充电用电力的电压充分小。因此,在如上所述开始第1预充电处理时,从双向电力变换装置向第2电力线对的电压实质上隐藏于第1电容器的预充电用电力的电压。由此,能够缓和由于从双向电力变换装置向第2电力线对的电压施加而引起的对电气机器的影响。其结果,能够避免在SMR接通前的双向电力变换装置的起动时未意图的电压被施加到电气机器的情形。
在上述方式所涉及的电源系统中,双向电力变换装置也可以包括开关元件、驱动电路以及自举电路。驱动电路也可以驱动开关元件。自举电路也可以对驱动电路供给工作电力。
通过做成上述结构,能够简化双向电力变换装置的结构。
上述方式所涉及的电源系统也可以还具备充电装置、第2继电器以及第2电容器。充电装置也可以构成为与第1电力线对连接,将从电力设备供给的电力变换而对蓄电装置进行充电。第2继电器也可以设置于第1电力线对与和充电装置连接的第4电力线对之间。第2电容器也可以设置于第4电力线对之间。控制装置也可以构成为还执行在使第2继电器接通之前对第2电容器进行充电的第2预充电处理。控制装置也可以在双向电力变换装置以及充电装置这双方的起动时,先于第2预充电处理而开始第1预充电处理。
在双向电力变换装置以及充电装置这双方的起动时,如果假设先于第1预充电处理而开始第2预充电处理,则存在在第1电容器的预充电前从双向电力变换装置对第2电力线对施加电压的可能性。其结果,存在未意图的电压被施加到电气机器的可能性。通过做成上述结构,能够避免这样的情形。
根据本公开,在与电气机器连接的电源系统中,能够避免在双向电力变换装置的起动时未意图的电压被施加到电气机器的情形。
附图说明
下面将参照附图描述本发明的示例性实施例的特征、优点以及技术和工业意义,其中类似符号表示相同的元素,并且其中:
图1是示出搭载实施方式所涉及的电源系统的车辆的结构的图。
图2是示出双向电力变换装置的详细结构的图。
图3是示出AC-DC变换电路的详细结构的图。
图4是用于说明在双向电力变换装置以及充电装置的起动时执行的处理的一个例子的时序图。
图5是用于说明在双向电力变换装置以及充电装置的起动时由ECU执行的处理的时序图。
图6是示出与外部充电关联地由ECU执行的处理的一个例子的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图,详细说明本公开的实施方式。对图中的同一或者相当部分附加同一符号,不重复其说明。
[实施方式]
图1是示出搭载本公开的实施方式所涉及的电源系统的车辆的结构的图。参照图1,车辆100包括DC(Direct Current)/DC转换器121、辅机蓄电池122、电气机器类107以及电源系统110。
DC/DC转换器121与连接SMR130和逆变器125(都后述)的电力线对PL2连接。DC/DC转换器121将在电力线对PL2中流过的电力变换为辅机蓄电池122用的电压电平(12V)的电力。DC/DC转换器121还能够将从辅机蓄电池122提供的电力变换为电气机器类107用的电压电平的电力,将变换后的电力供给到电力线对PL2。
电气机器类107包括压缩机124、逆变器125以及马达127。压缩机124与电力线对PL2连接,被用于车辆100中的空调。逆变器125与电力线对PL2连接,驱动马达127。马达127与逆变器125连接,产生车辆100的行驶驱动力。
电源系统110与电气机器类107连接,包括蓄电装置105、电压传感器106、SMR130、电容器146、148、电压传感器147、149以及双向电力变换装置170。电源系统110还包括插口192、插座195、充电装置180、充电继电器185以及ECU(Electronic Control Unit,电子控制单元)190。
蓄电装置105是锂离子电池等二次电池,积蓄车辆100的行驶用的电力。电压传感器106检测蓄电装置105的电压VB。
SMR130设置于和蓄电装置105连接的电力线对PL1与和电气机器类107连接的电力线对PL2之间。SMR130切换电力线对PL1、PL2之间的电连接以及切断。SMR130包括继电器RL1~继电器RL3和限制电阻R1。SMR130的“断开状态”是指,继电器RL1~继电器RL3打开的状态。SMR130的“接通状态”是指,继电器RL1以及继电器RL2闭合的状态。使SMR130“接通”是指,将SMR130从断开状态切换为接通状态。
电容器146设置于电力线对PL2之间,被用于电力线对PL2之间的电压VL1的平滑化。电压传感器147检测电压VL1。
双向电力变换装置170经由电力线对PL3连接到电力线对PL2,经由电力线对PL3A连接到插口192(后述),经由电力线对PL3B连接到插座195(后述)。
双向电力变换装置170构成为在电力线对PL2与车辆100外部的电力设备200之间执行双向的电力变换。双向电力变换装置170作为将从电力设备200经由插口192接受的电力变换而供给到电力线对PL3,并经由电力线对PL2以及SMR130对蓄电装置105进行充电的充电装置发挥功能(车辆100的外部充电)。另一方面,双向电力变换装置170还作为将从蓄电装置105经由电力线对PL1、PL2、PL3接受的电力变换,并经由插口192供给到电力设备200、或者经由插座195供给到电气负载250的供电装置发挥功能(车辆100的外部供电)。
插口192构成为经由连接器205以及电力线对PL0连接到电力设备200。在对插口192插入了连接器205时,能够进行外部充电或者从车辆100向电力设备200的外部供电。
插座195构成为经由车辆100外部的电气负载250的插头255连接到电气负载250。在对插座195插入了插头255时,能够进行从车辆100向电气负载250的外部供电。
充电装置180被用于使蓄电装置105的充电电力增加。具体而言,在外部充电时除了双向电力变换装置170以外充电装置180也工作的情况下,相比于仅双向电力变换装置170工作的情况,能够增大充电电力(能够缩短充电时间)。
可以依照电力设备200的额定输出电力来决定充电装置180是否工作。例如,也可以以在该输出电力大的情况下除了双向电力变换装置170以外使充电装置180也工作,另一方面在输出电力小的情况下使充电装置180不工作(仅使双向电力变换装置170工作)的方式,决定充电装置180的工作状态。
充电装置180经由电力线对PL3C连接到电力线对PL3A,与双向电力变换装置170电气地并联地设置。充电装置180经由电力线对PL4、充电继电器185(后述)以及电力线对PL1A连接到电力线对PL1。充电装置180构成为将从电力设备200经由插口192以及电力线对PL3C供给的电力变换而对蓄电装置105进行充电。
充电继电器185经由电力线对PL1A连接到电力线对PL1,与SMR130电气地并联地设置。充电继电器185设置于电力线对PL1与和充电装置180连接的电力线对PL4之间。充电继电器185包括继电器RL11~继电器RL13和限制电阻R2。充电继电器185的“断开状态”是指,继电器RL11~继电器RL13打开的状态。充电继电器185的“接通状态”是指,继电器RL11以及继电器RL12闭合的状态。使充电继电器185“接通”是指,将充电继电器185从断开状态切换为接通状态。
电容器148设置于电力线对PL4之间,被用于电力线对PL4之间的电压VL2的平滑化。电压传感器149检测电压VL2。
电力线对PL1、PL2、PL3、SMR130、双向电力变换装置170以及充电装置180构成车辆100的高电压系统。
ECU190包括CPU(Central Processing Unit,中央处理单元)和存储器(都未图示)。CPU执行各种运算处理。存储器包括ROM(Read only Memory,只读存储器)以及RAM(Random Access Memory,随机存取存储器)。ROM保存由CPU执行的程序。RAM作为工作存储器发挥功能。
ECU190控制电气机器类107、SMR130、双向电力变换装置170、充电装置180以及充电继电器185等车辆100的各机器。例如,ECU190在连接器205被插入到插口192的情况下,在外部充电前起动上述高电压系统(许可该系统的起动)。而且,ECU190通过使SMR130以及充电继电器185接通并且使双向电力变换装置170以及充电装置180这双方工作来执行外部充电。
ECU190依照各电力线对的电压的检测值(例如电压VB、VL1、VL2),执行SMR130以及充电继电器185的切换处理。
ECU190例如执行在使SMR130接通之前对电容器146进行充电的第1预充电处理。在该例子中,第1预充电处理是通过使DC/DC转换器121对电力线对PL2供给预充电用电力而对电容器146进行预充电的处理。ECU190是控制装置的一个例子。
ECU190执行在使充电继电器185接通之前对电容器148进行充电的第2预充电处理。第2预充电处理是在将继电器RL11控制为闭合状态之后在将继电器RL12控制为闭合状态之前将继电器RL13控制为闭合状态的处理。由此,在通过限制电阻R2限制了电流的状况下电容器148被蓄电装置105预充电。
图2是示出双向电力变换装置170的详细结构的图。参照图2,双向电力变换装置170包括继电器1702、1703、AC(Alternating Current)-DC变换电路1705、逆变器1710、变压器1715以及AC-DC变换电路1720。
继电器1702在外部充电时或者从车辆100向电力设备200的外部供电时被控制为闭合状态。继电器1703在从车辆100向电气负载250的外部供电时被控制为闭合状态。AC-DC变换电路1705将通过插口192受电的交流电力变换为直流电力。逆变器1710将来自AC-DC变换电路1705的直流电力变换为交流电力。变压器1715在使逆变器1710和AC-DC变换电路1720电绝缘的同时,在它们之间执行电力传送。
AC-DC变换电路1720将来自变压器1715的交流电力变换为直流电力,将变换后的电力经由电力线对PL3供给到电力线对PL2。AC-DC变换电路1720还能够将从蓄电装置105经由电力线对PL1、SMR130以及电力线对PL3供给的直流电力变换为交流电力,将变换后的电力经由变压器1715供给到电力设备200或者电气负载250。
图3是示出AC-DC变换电路1720的详细结构的图。参照图3,AC-DC变换电路1720包括开关元件Q1~Q4、二极管D1~D4、驱动电路CR1~CR4、电源PS以及自举电路1725、1730。
在该例子中,开关元件Q1~Q4各个是MOSFET(Metal Oxide Semiconductor FieldEffect Transistor,金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管),与电力线对PL3连接。二极管D1~D4分别与开关元件Q1~Q4逆并联地连接。
驱动电路CR1~CR4分别构成为驱动开关元件Q1~Q4的栅极。驱动电路CR1~CR4分别向开关元件Q1~Q4输出断开保持信号以在外部充电开始前来自变压器1715的电压不经由电力线对PL3被供给到电力线对PL2。为了将开关元件Q1~Q4保持为断开状态,向开关元件Q1~Q4的栅极分别输出断开保持信号。电源PS是为了对驱动电路CR3、CR4供给工作电力而设置的。
自举电路1725、1730分别包括二极管D11以及电容器C11和二极管D12以及电容器C12。自举电路1725、1730分别构成为使用电源PS对驱动电路CR1、CR2供给工作电力。具体而言,来自电源PS的电力经由二极管D11、D12分别被供给到电容器C11、C12。而且,积蓄于电容器C11、C12的电力被分别用作驱动电路CR1、CR2的工作电力。
这样,当双向电力变换装置170包括自举电路1725、1730的情况下,单一的电源PS能够对驱动电路CR1~CR4供给工作电力。因此,相比于多个电源对驱动电路CR1~CR4供给工作电力的情况,能够简化双向电力变换装置170的结构。
图4是用于说明在双向电力变换装置170以及充电装置180的起动时执行的处理的一个例子的时序图。在该例子中,先于第1预充电处理(电容器146的预充电)执行第2预充电处理(电容器148的预充电)。该例子是未由后述ECU190执行控制的情况下的比较例。
参照图4,横轴表示时间。时刻t0是连接器205被插入到插口192的时刻,假设在该时刻SMR130以及充电继电器185这双方是断开的。纵轴从上依次表示双向电力变换装置170的起动/停止、充电装置180的起动/停止、电压VL2、充电继电器185的接通/断开、电压VL1、SMR130的接通/断开。在以下的说明中,适当参照图1~图3。
在时刻t1,比较例的ECU起动车辆100的高电压系统(包括双向电力变换装置170以及充电装置180)。由此,双向电力变换装置170的电源PS起动。而且,来自电源PS的电压经由自举电路1725以及二极管D1以及自举电路1730以及二极管D2经由电力线对PL3施加到电力线对PL2。其结果,电压VL1从0变化为VA(0<VA<<VB)。在该例子中,为了使图解变得容易,示出VA是恒定的,但实际上,VA可能在大于0并且比VB充分小的范围内变动。这样,不意图在第1预充电处理前对电力线对PL2施加电压(VA)。
在时刻t1,ECU通过将继电器RL11、RL13从打开状态切换为闭合状态而开始第2预充电处理。之后,ECU执行第2预充电处理,直至时刻t2到来(直至电压VL2达到电压VB)。而且,在时刻t3,ECU通过将继电器RL13打开并且将继电器RL12闭合来使充电继电器185接通。
在时刻t4,ECU通过开始DC/DC转换器121的工作而开始第1预充电处理。之后,ECU执行第1预充电处理,直至时刻t5到来(直至电压VL1达到电压VB)。而且,在时刻t6,ECU使SMR130接通。之后,外部充电开始。
在上述比较例中,在外部充电前的双向电力变换装置170的起动时(时刻t1),先于第1预充电处理执行第2预充电处理。由此,在第1预充电处理的执行前(时刻t4前),从双向电力变换装置170的自举电路1725、1730对电力线对PL2施加电压。其结果,未意图的电压(VA)被施加到电力线对PL2。
本实施方式所涉及的电源系统110具备能够应对上述问题的结构。具体而言,ECU190在双向电力变换装置170的起动时,开始第1预充电处理。通过做成这样的结构,在双向电力变换装置170的起动时,同时执行电容器146的预充电和从双向电力变换装置170向电力线对PL2的电压施加。从双向电力变换装置170对电力线对PL2施加的电压比从DC/DC转换器121向电容器146的预充电用电力的电压充分小。因此,在如上所述开始第1预充电处理时,从双向电力变换装置170向电力线对PL2的电压实质上隐藏于电容器146的预充电用电力的电压。由此,能够缓和由于从双向电力变换装置170向电力线对PL2的电压施加而引起的对电气机器类107的影响。
在该实施方式中,ECU190在外部充电前起动双向电力变换装置170以及充电装置180这双方。而且,ECU190在双向电力变换装置170以及充电装置180这双方的起动时,先于第2预充电处理而开始第1预充电处理。如果假设先于第1预充电处理而开始第2预充电处理,则存在如比较例的情况那样在第1预充电处理之前从自举电路1725、1730向电力线对PL2施加电压而未意图的电压被施加到逆变器125等电气机器的可能性。相对于此,在实施方式中,第1预充电处理先于第2预充电处理而执行并且在双向电力变换装置170的起动时执行。其结果,能够避免未意图的电压向电气机器的施加。
图5是用于说明在双向电力变换装置170以及充电装置180的起动时由ECU190执行的处理的时序图。参照图5,横轴以及纵轴与比较例(图4)相同。时刻t10、t11分别与比较例的时刻t0、t1相同。图5是本公开的实施方式的一个例子。
在时刻t11,ECU190起动双向电力变换装置170以及充电装置180这双方,并且开始第1预充电处理。由此,在双向电力变换装置170的起动时,同时执行电容器146的预充电和从双向电力变换装置170向电力线对PL2的电压施加。其结果,从双向电力变换装置170向电力线对PL2的电压实质上隐藏于电容器146的预充电用电力的电压。因此,能够避免在电力线对PL2中发生未意图的电压。
ECU190执行第1预充电处理,直至时刻t12到来(直至电压VL1达到电压VB)。在时刻t13,ECU190使SMR130接通。
在时刻t14,ECU190开始第2预充电处理。之后,ECU190执行第2预充电处理,直至时刻t15到来(直至电压VL2达到电压VB)。而且,在时刻t16,ECU190使充电继电器185接通。之后,外部充电开始。
图6是示出与外部充电关联地由ECU190执行的处理的一个例子的流程图。在连接器205被插入到插口192时开始该流程图的处理。在以下的说明中,适当参照图5。
参照图6,ECU190在时刻t11,起动双向电力变换装置170以及充电装置180(步骤S105),并且开始第1预充电处理(步骤S110)。
接下来,ECU190判定电容器146的预充电是否完成(步骤S115)。具体而言,ECU190依照电压VL1是否达到电压VB来执行该判定处理。在预充电尚未完成的情况下(在步骤S115中“否”),ECU190执行上述判定处理直至该预充电完成。另一方面,在预充电完成的情况下(在步骤S115中“是”),ECU190在时刻t13使SMR130接通(步骤S120)。
接下来,ECU190在时刻t14开始第2预充电处理(步骤S125)。
接下来,ECU190判定电容器148的预充电是否完成(步骤S130)。具体而言,ECU190依照电压VL2是否达到电压VB来执行该判定处理。在预充电尚未完成的情况下(在步骤S130中“否”),ECU190执行上述判定处理直至该预充电完成。另一方面,在预充电完成的情况下(在步骤S130中“是”),ECU190在时刻t16使充电继电器185接通(步骤S135)。之后,ECU190开始外部充电(步骤S140)。
如以上所述,根据该实施方式,能够避免在SMR130接通前的双向电力变换装置170的起动时从电源PS经由自举电路1725、1730对逆变器125等电气机器施加未意图的电压的情形。
[变形例]
第1预充电处理也可以是在将SMR130的继电器RL1控制为闭合状态之后在将继电器RL2控制为闭合状态之前将继电器RL3控制为闭合状态的处理。即,第1预充电处理也可以与第2预充电处理同样地不使用DC/DC转换器121而执行。
应认为本次公开的实施方式在所有方面仅为例示而不是限制性的。本发明的范围并不是基于上述说明示出,而是基于权利要求书示出,意图包括与权利要求书均等的意义以及范围内的所有变更。

Claims (3)

1.一种电源系统,与电气机器连接,其特征在于,所述电源系统包括:
蓄电装置;
第1继电器,设置于和所述蓄电装置连接的第1电力线对与和所述电气机器连接的第2电力线对之间;
双向电力变换装置,构成为经由第3电力线对连接到所述第2电力线对,能够在所述第2电力线对与车辆外部的电力设备之间双向地变换电力;
第1电容器,设置于所述第2电力线对之间;以及
控制装置,构成为执行在使所述第1继电器接通之前对所述第1电容器进行充电的第1预充电处理,
其中,所述双向电力变换装置构成为包括与所述第3电力线对连接的开关元件,
所述控制装置在所述双向电力变换装置的起动时开始所述第1预充电处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电源系统,其特征在于,
所述双向电力变换装置包括:
所述开关元件;
驱动电路,驱动所述开关元件;以及
自举电路,对所述驱动电路供给工作电力。
3.根据权利要求1或者2所述的电源系统,其特征在于,还包括:
充电装置,构成为与所述第1电力线对连接,将从所述电力设备供给的电力变换而对所述蓄电装置进行充电;
第2继电器,设置于所述第1电力线对与和所述充电装置连接的第4电力线对之间;以及
第2电容器,设置于所述第4电力线对之间,
其中,所述控制装置构成为还执行在使所述第2继电器接通之前对所述第2电容器进行充电的第2预充电处理,
在所述双向电力变换装置以及所述充电装置这双方的起动时,先于所述第2预充电处理而开始所述第1预充电处理。
CN202310116801.3A 2022-04-18 2023-01-30 电源系统 Pending CN116915075A (zh)

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