CN116885276A - 一种适用于普鲁士蓝类似物的共溶性电解液 - Google Patents
一种适用于普鲁士蓝类似物的共溶性电解液 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);octadecacyanide Chemical class [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JHWGFJBTMHEZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-prop-2-enoyloxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)C=C JHWGFJBTMHEZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OLCMZGLZCSAMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid;prop-1-ene Chemical compound CC=C.CC=C.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O OLCMZGLZCSAMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229960003351 prussian blue Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 239000013225 prussian blue Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- MJEPCYMIBBLUCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium titanium(4+) phosphate Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ti+4].[Na+] MJEPCYMIBBLUCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- UQGBMDUTILBZPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid N-[(prop-2-enoylamino)methyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C UQGBMDUTILBZPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004641 Diallyl-phthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC=C QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 ferricyanide compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- JUWGUJSXVOBPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-B titanium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JUWGUJSXVOBPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种适用于普鲁士蓝类似物的共溶性电解液，采用共溶剂和去离子水的混合体系，共溶剂可以减少水系电解质副反应的发生，而去离子水的添加对于提高整体电解液的电导率起到积极作用，有以下优点:1.极大延长电极寿命；2.有效拓宽电池运行的电化学窗口，在电池运行期间限制水电解副反应的发生；3.电池可以在宽温域下运行(‑30℃容量保持率大于70％)；4.电解液具有本征安全特性，成本低廉。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于普鲁士蓝类似物的共溶性电解液体系。
背景技术
普鲁士蓝是过渡金属离子的铁氰化合物，由于其开放的框架结构和可调节式组分构成，普鲁士蓝及其衍生物在电化学存储能领域具有巨大的应用潜力。
由于普鲁士蓝通常是在水溶液中制备的，晶格空位可能被水分子占据，普鲁士蓝制备过程中不可避免的会有间隙水和M(CN)6空位的存在。在有机电解质体系中，会在充放电过程析出间隙水，造成有机溶剂变质，甚至产生安全隐患：(1)由于本身的强吸湿性和较高的比表面积，在浆料和极片的制备过程中会大量吸附环境中的水分子。水分子在有机钠离子电池充放电的过程中可能被电解为氢气，使钠离子电池因胀气而无法进行正常充放电。(2)水分子还可能会与电解液发生副反应，一方面产生的固体副反应产物可能会沉积到正、负极片表面，导致钠离子脱嵌困难，使钠离子电池的容量变低，循环性能变差；另一方面产生气体副反应产物如HF，会腐蚀正、负极片表面的钝化膜，腐蚀正、负极活性材料，使正、负极活性材料裸露并不断地与电解液发生反应，形成新的钝化膜，导致钠离子不断被消耗，降低钠离子电池的容量，影响钠离子电池的循环性能。
在水系电解液中，电池中正极非常容易发生析氧反应，而一旦有活性氧析出，普鲁士蓝正极材料就会被氧化，从而影响其循环性能。此外，循环过程中析出的氧分子会与插入的Na+发生反应，消耗充电容量(Na-(插入)+1/2H2O+1/4O2→Na++OH-)。
发明内容
结合普鲁士蓝材料本身的特性，本发明专利提出一种用于普鲁士蓝类似物的共溶性电解液体系，采用共溶剂和去离子水的混合体系，共溶剂可以减少水系电解质副反应的发生，而去离子水的添加对于提高整体电解液的电导率起到积极作用，有以下优点:
1.极大延长电极寿命，
2.有效拓宽电池运行的电化学窗口，在电池运行期间限制水电解副反应的发生
3.电池可以在宽温域下运行(在-30℃下容量保持率大于70％)
4.电解液具有本征安全特性，成本低廉。
附图说明
图1：普鲁士蓝/磷酸钛钠全电池的容量保持率曲线图。
图2：电池在不同温度下充放电的曲线图。
具体实施方式
本发明专利涉及一种应用于普鲁士蓝类似物的共溶性电解液。电解液溶剂由共溶剂和去离子水组成，共溶剂的质量比例为5-98％，共溶剂的种类为聚乙二醇，聚丙烯酸钠，甘油，琼脂，卡拉胶，明胶，乙醇，海藻酸钠，碳酸乙烯酯，碳酸二乙酯，碳酸二甲酯，环丁砜，磷酸三甲酯，二甲基砜，二乙二醇二甲基醚，碳酸甲乙酯，碳酸丙烯酯，甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维丙烯酸、马来酸或马来酸酐、甲基丙烯酸N，N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、双丙烯酸丁二酯或邻苯二甲酸二丙烯酯等其中的一种或两种。根据所需粘度和电导率的设计，可将共溶剂进行不同比例混合。
本发明中所述的电解质盐为高氯酸钠，硫酸钠，甲酸钠，醋酸钠，硝酸钠，氯化钠、碳酸钠，溴化钠，乙酸钠，碘化钠，草酸钠中的一种或多种混合。本发明专利的特点与优势：
1.相比于纯有机电解质：普鲁士蓝类似物材料的制备过程中的间隙水和极片制备过程中吸附水，不再引发副反应的产生，不再是电池致命的缺陷；
2.相比于纯水电解质，可以根据实际使用电化学窗口调整去离子水的含量，从而降低析氢析氧副反应的发生，同时，析氧副反应几率降低，有利于保证普鲁士蓝材料的稳定性；
3.共溶剂电极液可以缓解普鲁士蓝材料在有机电解质和纯水电介质中的副反应和容量衰减问题，延长电极寿命；
4.有效拓宽电池运行的电化学窗口，在电池运行期间限制水电解副反应的发生；
5.由于采用了低凝固点的共溶剂，电解液的低温性能可以得到保证。电池可以在宽温域下运行(-30℃容量保持率大于70％)；
6.电解液具有本征安全特性，成本低廉。
本专利申请中引用了文献或已发表的文章。引用的文献和已发表的文章共同作为本申请的参考数据，以便更详实地描述同本发明相关领域的最新水平。同时需要注意的是，在整个申请过程中，过渡性术语“包含”、“含括”或“特点是”是同义词，是包容性的或开放式的，并且不排除额外的、未列举的元素或方法步骤。
通过参考下面的实施例可以更好地理解本发明。本领域技术人员能够理解所下面的例子仅仅是为了说明本发明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本发明的范围由后文的申请专利范围界定。
具体实施例
实施例A：采用普鲁士蓝类似物作为正极活性物质，磷酸钛钠作为负极活性物质，涂布的方式制备电极，采用聚乙二醇作为共溶剂，高氯酸钠作为电解质盐(1mol/kg)，不同共溶剂含量见表1，共溶剂电解液电化学稳定窗口。
表1
随着共溶剂含量的增加，电解液的电化学稳定窗口拓宽，这主要是由于共溶剂破坏水中的氢键网络，加强水分子的O-H键，从而降低了水分子的活性。
实施例B：采用实施例A的电极，采用不同种类共溶剂以及不同比例配置电解液，测定电解液的粘度、电导率以及析氧电位，见表2所示。
表2
实施例C：采用普鲁士蓝类似物作为正极活性物质，磷酸钛钠作为负极活性物质，涂布的方式制备电极，采用高氯酸钠作为电解质盐(1mol/kg),溶于去离子水(100％,对比例)或者聚乙二醇/去离子水(90/10,实施例4),以5C的倍率进行循环，全电池的容量保持率曲线如图1所示。
实施例D：采用实施例4中共溶性电解液的配方，在室温25℃和零下30℃下，测试电池的充放电容量，电池在零下30℃的容量保持率可高达70％(见图2)。
Claims (5)
1.一种应用于普鲁士蓝类似物的共溶性电解液，其特征在于，所述共溶性电解液包含共溶剂和去离子水，所述共溶剂的质量比例为5-98％。
2.根据权利要求1的共溶性电解液，其特征在于，所述共溶剂的质量比例为40-90％。
3.根据权利要求1的共溶性电解液，其特征在于，所述共溶剂选自聚乙二醇，聚丙烯酸钠，甘油，琼脂，卡拉胶，明胶，乙醇，海藻酸钠，碳酸乙烯酯，碳酸二乙酯，碳酸二甲酯，环丁砜，磷酸三甲酯，二甲基砜，二乙二醇二甲基醚，碳酸甲乙酯，碳酸丙烯酯，甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维丙烯酸、马来酸、马来酸酐、甲基丙烯酸N，N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、双丙烯酸丁二酯和邻苯二甲酸二丙烯酯，所述共溶剂根据所需粘度和电导率可进行不同比例混合。
4.根据权利要求1的共溶性电解液，其特征在于，所述共溶性电解液还包含电解质盐，所述电解质盐选自高氯酸钠，硫酸钠，甲酸钠，醋酸钠，硝酸钠，氯化钠、碳酸钠，溴化钠，乙酸钠，碘化钠和草酸钠。
5.根据权利要求4的共溶性电解液，其特征在于，所述电解质盐的浓度为0.1-2mol/kg。
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