CN116874322A - Biological organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Biological organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116874322A CN116874322A CN202310917684.0A CN202310917684A CN116874322A CN 116874322 A CN116874322 A CN 116874322A CN 202310917684 A CN202310917684 A CN 202310917684A CN 116874322 A CN116874322 A CN 116874322A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 claims description 71
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018597 common camellia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 32
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 abstract 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001002356 Valeriana edulis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001390 capsicum minimum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005048 flame photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
Abstract
The invention discloses a biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. Relates to the technical field of fertilizer. The biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following components: a cake fertilizer; a compound fertilizer; decomposing farmyard manure; potassium fulvate; and (3) a composite microbial inoculum. The invention provides a biological organic and inorganic compound fertilizer, which reasonably distributes various nutrient elements required by tobacco, and is added with a compound microbial inoculum, so that the organic matter content of soil, the effectiveness of the fertilizer and the quality of tobacco leaf production are improved, the application of follow-up fertilizers is reduced, the biological organic and inorganic compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer to be applied to the soil at one time, the cost of fertilization labor is saved, and the production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a biological organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Tobacco is an economic crop for tobacco, is a main raw material in the cigarette industry, and the quality of tobacco directly influences the quality of cigarette products. The fertilization can not only improve the soil fertility, but also is an important measure for improving the yield and quality of crops in unit area. During tobacco field growth, fertilizers are often utilized to adjust the type, quantity and nutrient supply characteristics of soil nutrients to improve tobacco yield and quality. However, with the increase of continuous cropping years and the large input of inorganic fertilizers, soil acidification and hardening are carried out, the content of soil organic matters is reduced, the growth of tobacco roots is limited, the leaves are thin, the color and luster of the cured tobacco leaves are light, the fragrance and taste are relatively flat, and the like, and the yield and quality of the tobacco leaves are affected.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fertilizer which can effectively reduce the amount of inorganic fertilizer, improve the soil performance and ensure the tobacco yield and quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
The invention also provides a special fertilizer for tobacco.
The invention also provides application of the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises at least one of the following components:
a cake fertilizer;
a compound fertilizer;
decomposing farmyard manure;
potassium fulvate;
and (3) a composite microbial inoculum.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, one of the technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of the embodiment can be used for fertilizing soil, and improving the pH of soil and the content of organic matters and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen; promote the growth of the flue-cured tobacco, increase the total amount of aroma substances of the tobacco leaves and improve the sensory evaluation quality of the flue-cured tobacco, thereby effectively increasing the economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco planting. In addition, various nutrient elements required by tobacco are reasonably distributed in the biological organic and inorganic compound fertilizer, so that chemical components and contents of the tobacco are more coordinated, and the compound microbial inoculum is added, so that the nutrients can be decomposed and slowly released, the effectiveness and long-acting property of the fertilizer are ensured, the application of subsequent fertilizers (inorganic fertilizers) is reduced, the pollution risk to soil is reduced, and the biological organic and inorganic compound fertilizer is more friendly to the environment. In addition, the metabolic activity of the microorganism can also increase the activity of the root system of the tobacco plant, and promote nutrient absorption and tobacco leaf opening. Meanwhile, the bio-organic and inorganic compound fertilizer can be applied as a base fertilizer at one time, so that the labor cost of fertilization can be saved, and the production efficiency can be improved.
The proper amount of potassium fulvate is added, so that the growth of tobacco plants can be effectively promoted, the tobacco leaf area and the weight of single tobacco leaf can be increased, the potassium content of tobacco leaves and the proportion of superior tobacco and the like can be improved, and the tobacco yield and the production benefit (yield value) can be improved.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
according to one embodiment of the invention, the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
according to one embodiment of the invention, the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the invention strengthens the application effect of the biological organic inorganic compound fertilizer by reasonably distributing the dosages of all the components. In addition, tobacco is a plant which is potassium-free and chlorine-free, and tobacco with high potassium content has good quality, but tobacco with high chlorine content has poor quality and poor combustibility. Therefore, the fertilizer of the invention improves the potassium content and the effectiveness thereof, and abandons the scheme of adding chlorine into the fertilizer, thereby obtaining the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer extremely suitable for tobacco planting.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the compound fertilizer comprises at least one of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and potassium carbonate.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the complex microbial inoculant comprises at least one of silicate bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and VA mycorrhizal bacteria.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of silicate bacteria to photosynthetic bacteria to VA mycorrhizal bacteria in the composite microbial inoculum is 1:0-1.2:0.8-1.2. Further, the ratio of the components may be 1:0.8 to 1.2:0.8 to 1.2.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the effective viable count of the composite microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 5 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/g。
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the compound fertilizer, N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The weight ratio of O is 1:2.0-3.0:0.7-2. For example: n: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O may be 8:17:7.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the cake fertilizers include at least one of rapeseed cake fertilizer, soybean cake fertilizer, peanut cake fertilizer, cottonseed cake fertilizer, sesame cake fertilizer, tung oil cake fertilizer and camellia cake fertilizer.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the cake fertilizer, N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 50 percent.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the decomposed farmyard manure comprises animal manure.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the decomposed farmyard manure comprises at least one of cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, chicken dung, duck dung and rabbit dung.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the potassium fulvate, fulvic acid is more than or equal to 50%, organic matters are more than or equal to 50%, and K 2 O≥10％。
According to a second aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
fully mixing the components, and composting to obtain the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer can be covered by a plastic film during composting so as to prevent rain from scouring and nutrient loss from influencing composting and application effects.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the retting time is 20-30 days.
According to a third aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the special tobacco fertilizer comprises the biological organic inorganic compound fertilizer. Comprising a bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as described in the embodiments of the first aspect above. The application adopts all the technical schemes of the biological organic inorganic compound fertilizer, so that the biological organic inorganic compound fertilizer has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical schemes of the embodiment.
The use of the above-described bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to the fourth aspect of the embodiment of the present invention in plant cultivation.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the plant comprises at least one of tobacco, capsicum, eggplant, tomato and rice. For example: specifically, tobacco is used.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for plant cultivation.
The term "base fertilizer" refers to a fertilizer that is applied to the soil prior to sowing or transplanting.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the application amount of the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 430 kg/mu to 550 kg/mu.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the application may comprise a planting method comprising:
before plant transplanting or seed sowing, applying the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer into cultivation soil, and then carrying out cultivation management according to a conventional method.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the application may further specifically include the following planting method:
s1, applying the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer into cultivation soil 7-15 days before plant transplanting or seed sowing;
s2, after transplanting plants, applying seedling lifting fertilizer in a seedling returning period;
s3, applying additional fertilizer and foliar micro-fertilizer in the root extending period and the vigorous period;
s4, dressing potassium sulfate in the bud stage to the mature stage.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method of application in step S1 includes, but is not limited to, the "101" method.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The conception and the technical effects produced by the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments below to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and that other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention based on the embodiments of the present invention.
The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or drugs used were not identified to the manufacturer and were conventional products available commercially.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that references to orientation descriptions, such as directions or positional relationships indicated above, below, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the embodiments, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The words "preferably," "more preferably," and the like in the present invention refer to embodiments of the invention that may provide certain benefits in some instances. However, other embodiments may be preferred under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful, nor is it intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the invention.
When a range of values is disclosed herein, the range is considered to be continuous and includes both the minimum and maximum values for the range, as well as each value between such minimum and maximum values. Further, when a range refers to an integer, each integer between the minimum and maximum values of the range is included. Further, when multiple range description features or characteristics are provided, the ranges may be combined. In other words, unless otherwise indicated, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to include any and all subranges subsumed therein.
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
The reagents, methods and apparatus employed in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional in the art.
In the embodiment of the invention, the transplanted tobacco is flue-cured tobacco, and the variety of the flue-cured tobacco is K326.
In the examples and comparative examples of the present invention, N+P in the cake fertilizers of rapeseed 2 O 5 +K 2 O is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 50 percent;
in the compound fertilizer, the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is N to P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝8:17:7；
The decomposed farmyard manure is mainly decomposed pig manure;
in the potassium fulvate, the fulvic acid is more than or equal to 50 percent, the organic matters are more than or equal to 50 percent, and K is greater than or equal to 2 O≥10％。
Example 1
The embodiment provides a biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, which comprises the following components:
wherein the composite microbial inoculum consists of silicate bacteria and VA mycorrhizal bacteria with the mass ratio of 1:1, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 5 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/g。
The preparation method of the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
mixing the rapeseed cake fertilizer, the compound fertilizer, the decomposed farmyard manure, the potassium fulvate and the compound microbial inoculum, and composting for 25 days to obtain the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, which comprises the following components:
wherein the composite microbial inoculum consists of silicate bacteria with the mass ratio of 1:1:1,The photosynthetic bacteria and VA mycorrhizal fungi consist of the effective viable count of more than or equal to 5 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/g。
The preparation method of the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
mixing the rapeseed cake fertilizer, the compound fertilizer, the decomposed farmyard manure, the potassium fulvate and the compound microbial inoculum, and composting for 25 days to obtain the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, which comprises the following components:
wherein the composite microbial inoculum consists of silicate bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and VA mycorrhizal bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 5 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/g。
The preparation method of the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
mixing the rapeseed cake fertilizer, the compound fertilizer, the decomposed farmyard manure, the potassium fulvate and the compound microbial inoculum, and composting for 25 days to obtain the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, which comprises the following components:
wherein the composite microbial inoculum consists of silicate bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and VA mycorrhizal bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 5 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/g。
The preparation method of the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
mixing the rapeseed cake fertilizer, the compound fertilizer, the decomposed farmyard manure, the potassium fulvate and the compound microbial inoculum, and composting for 25 days to obtain the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, which comprises the following components:
wherein the composite microbial inoculum consists of silicate bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and VA mycorrhizal bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 5 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/g。
The preparation method of the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
mixing the rapeseed cake fertilizer, the compound fertilizer, the decomposed farmyard manure, the potassium fulvate and the compound microbial inoculum, and composting for 25 days to obtain the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer which is a conventional fertilizer and comprises the following components:
30 parts of rapeseed cake fertilizer;
50 parts of compound fertilizer;
300 parts of decomposed farmyard manure.
The preparation method of the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
mixing the rapeseed cake fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the decomposed farmyard manure, and composting for 25 days to obtain the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
Test case
The practical utility of the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 was tested in this test example. The method is characterized in that 2 bases of pond towns (loam) and fence towns (sandy loam) are carried out simultaneously according to the same scheme, 5 treatments are respectively arranged on each base, and different cells are arranged according to the size of a field. The test method is as follows:
s1, respectively applying the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of the examples 1-3 and the comparative example 1 as a base fertilizer to tobacco fields of all cells at one time by using a 101 method before tobacco seedling transplanting for 10 days;
the method of 101 is specifically as follows: applying 25% of the total fertilizing amount into the planting holes, uniformly stirring with soil, and distributing base fertilizer in the holes in an O shape; 75% of the base fertilizer is applied to the position with the depth of 10-15 cm and the length of 10-15 cm perpendicular to the ridge body in the middle part of the holes, and the fertilizer is distributed in a shape of '1' in the holes.
S2, transplanting tobacco seedlings (row spacing of 1.25-1.3 meters and plant spacing of 45-50 cm) to a field in the last 3 months of 2022, and applying a special tobacco seedling lifting fertilizer in a conventional seedling returning period;
s3, conventionally applying additional fertilizer and leaf micro-fertilizer special for tobacco for 3 times in a root extending period and a vigorous period;
s4, conventionally applying 20 parts of potassium sulfate in the bud stage to the mature stage.
Wherein, other field management is carried out according to conventional measures of flue-cured tobacco cultivation;
in the seedling fertilizer, N is P based on mass ratio 2 O 5 ＝20:9；
In the topdressing, N is K according to the mass ratio 2 O＝10:32；
In the micro-fertilizer, by mass, P 2 O 5 +K 2 O is more than or equal to 50%, and B+Mo is 0.2% -3%;
in potassium sulfate, K 2 O≥50％；
The specific total amount of the biological organic and inorganic compound fertilizer, the seedling raising fertilizer, the additional fertilizer special for tobacco, the micro fertilizer and the potassium sulfate is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
And after the tobacco leaves are ripe, harvesting and baking the tobacco leaves in batches in the down, middle and upper test treatment areas, and carrying out sensory evaluation and identification on the tobacco leaf samples after the baking. Collecting soil samples of all the cells after harvesting all the tobacco leaves is completed to test the physical and chemical properties and the nutrient conditions of the soil.
(1) Soil nutrient change before and after transplanting:
soil in each district is sampled before fertilization (before application of biological organic and inorganic compound fertilizer) and after tobacco leaf harvesting, air-dried, crushed and sieved, soil pH is measured by an acidometer potential method, soil organic matters are measured by a potassium dichromate oxidation-oil bath heating method, soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is measured by an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method, effective phosphorus content is measured by a sodium bicarbonate leaching-molybdenum-antimony colorimetry, and soil quick-acting potassium content is measured by an ammonium acetate leaching-flame photometry method.
The test results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
N, P applied by each group throughout the tobacco planting process 2 O 5 、K 2 The total amount of O is very similar. After the tobacco of the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of the examples 1-3 is applied, the soil fertility and the nutrient change trend of 2 bases of the pond town and the fence town are basically consistent, and after flue-cured tobacco is planted for one season, the pH value of the soil is slightly increased, so that the soil is improved to different degrees, and the soil is especially suitable for acidizing hardened soil; the contents of organic matters and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen are slightly increased, so that the soil fertility is improved; however, the contents of available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are reduced to a certain extent, which means that the flue-cured tobacco itself has a large requirement for absorbing phosphorus and potassium, and that the utilization rate of phosphorus and potassium in soil is increased after the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizers of examples 1 to 3 are applied.
The quick-acting property and the long-acting property of the fertilizer can be exerted after the bio-organic fertilizer and the fertilizer are applied, nutrients required in the growth process of tobacco plants are continuously provided, and the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved; meanwhile, the using amount of the subsequent inorganic fertilizer can be reduced (the chemical additional fertilizer is reduced by 10 percent, 20 percent and 30 percent respectively in the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3 compared with the comparative example 1), so that the pollution risk to soil is reduced, the environment is more friendly, and the cost can be effectively saved.
(2) Agronomic trait determination of tobacco plants
5 tobacco plants are randomly selected from each district to carry out branding and plant setting, and the agronomic characters of the tobacco plants, including plant height, leaf number, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, maximum leaf area and the like, are measured within 15 days after topping according to the requirements of the method for investigating and measuring agronomic characters of tobacco (YC/T142-2010).
The test results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
On the premise of reducing the dosage of inorganic fertilizer (additional fertilizer) in the planting process, the biological organic inorganic compound fertilizer of the examples 1-3 can be applied to effectively increase the plant height, the effective leaf number, the leaf length, the leaf width and the maximum leaf area of tobacco. Among them, the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of example 2 has the best application effect and the maximum improvement range of each index.
Under the condition of keeping the same pure nitrogen application amount, the proper application of the bio-organic fertilizer can improve the agronomic characters of the tobacco plants.
(3) Tobacco quality determination
Sensory evaluation was performed by 5 professional evaluation technicians engaged by Guangxi Zhongyan industry responsibility Limited company with reference to industry standard YC/T138-1998 and agricultural division filing method NY/YCT 008-2002 to obtain sensory evaluation qualities of tobacco leaves of examples 1-3 and comparative examples B2F and C3F, and total score= (aroma quality 0.3+aroma quantity 0.3+miscellaneous gas 0.08+irritation 0.15+residual taste 0.17) 11.11 was calculated according to the 9-division evaluation standard of Guangxi Zhongyan industry responsibility Limited company.
The test results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Table 4
The tobacco of examples 1 to 3 had good sensory quality among the tobacco of B2F grade and the tobacco of C3F grade.
(4) Economic trait calculation
The cured tobacco leaves are classified and calculated according to the classification standard of flue-cured tobacco (GB 2635-1992) and the purchase price of tobacco leaves of China tobacco company, and the yield, the yield value, the average price, the proportion of superior tobacco, the proportion of medium tobacco and the like of the tobacco leaves are counted.
The test results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5
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The biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment of the embodiments 1-3 effectively improves the tobacco yield, the output value, the upper smoke proportion and the like, has applicability to soil with different foundation soil fertility and has better performance of various economic characters.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
a cake fertilizer;
a compound fertilizer;
decomposing farmyard manure;
potassium fulvate;
and (3) a composite microbial inoculum.
2. The bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: comprises the following components in parts by weight:
3. the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: the compound fertilizer comprises at least one of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate and potassium carbonate.
4. The bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein: in the compound fertilizer, N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 The weight ratio of O is 1:2.0-3.0:0.7-2.
5. The bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: the cake fertilizer comprises at least one of rapeseed cake fertilizer, soybean cake fertilizer, peanut cake fertilizer, cottonseed cake fertilizer, sesame cake fertilizer, tung oil cake fertilizer and camellia cake fertilizer.
6. The bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein: the composite microbial inoculum comprises at least one of silicate bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and VA mycorrhizal bacteria.
7. A method for preparing the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
fully mixing the components, and composting to obtain the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
8. A fertilizer special for tobacco, which is characterized in that: a bioorganic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprising the compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. Use of the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in plant cultivation.
10. The bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to claim 9, wherein: the plant comprises tobacco;
preferably, the bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for plant cultivation.
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