CN116848172A - 聚酯树脂组合物、水分散体、涂料组合物以及涂膜 - Google Patents
聚酯树脂组合物、水分散体、涂料组合物以及涂膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116848172A CN116848172A CN202280013122.7A CN202280013122A CN116848172A CN 116848172 A CN116848172 A CN 116848172A CN 202280013122 A CN202280013122 A CN 202280013122A CN 116848172 A CN116848172 A CN 116848172A
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- polyester resin
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Abstract
本发明提供一种聚酯树脂以及聚酯树脂组合物,其可以抑制有害的脱气,且能够形成固化性、耐蒸煮性、加工性等特性优异的涂膜。该聚酯树脂组合物的特征在于,含有聚酯树脂(A)并满足下列的(i)~(iii)的各项条件,(i)聚酯树脂(A)的酸值为100eq/ton以上,(ii)实质上不含有固化剂,(iii)聚酯树脂(A)中,作为构成所述聚酯树脂(A)的多元醇成分,含有具有脂环结构的二醇(b)及具有1个伯羟基和1个仲羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(c)中的任一方或双方,以及具有2个伯羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(a)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚酯树脂组合物。详细地涉及适合作为罐用涂料的聚酯树脂组合物,进一步详细地涉及适合作为涂覆在收容饮料或食品(以下合称为饮食品)的罐子内侧的聚酯树脂组合物及含有该聚酯树脂组合物的水分散体、涂料组合物以及涂膜和具有该涂膜的金属罐。
背景技术
在饮料罐、食品罐等金属罐中,为了防止由食品引起的金属腐蚀(耐腐蚀性)、不损害内容物的香味、风味(风味性),通常涂布有有机树脂。这些涂层要求具有加工性、耐腐蚀性、对金属材料的密合性、固化性等。此外,根据用途的不同,也存在在蒸煮杀菌等高温高湿度条件下使用的情形,在该情形下,当然要求涂膜能维持与金属材料的密合性,特别是应用于金属盖等的外面侧时,还要求涂膜不发生白化。
一直以来,环氧-酚醛类涂料、环氧-氨基类涂料、环氧-丙烯酸类涂料等环氧类涂料、聚酯-酚醛类涂料、聚酯-氨基类涂料等聚酯类涂料以及氯乙烯类涂料作为可耐受上述的耐腐蚀性、风味性、罐的成形加工的涂料被广泛使用。然而,在最近的研究中报告了作为环氧树脂原料的双酚A存在雌激素作用和对胎儿、婴幼儿的脑产生影响的可能性。此外,在氯乙烯类涂料中,存在稳定剂的问题和焚化时产生二噁英的问题。作为酚醛树脂和氨基树脂等的原料使用而残留在涂料中的甲醛,存在致癌性等对人体的有害性,此外已知其对内容物的风味性也有负面影响。进一步地,也担忧使用有机溶剂导致的环境污染及对加工作业环境产生影响。
由于存在这些各种各样的对人体产生负面影响的担忧,市场期望一种不使用这些原料的水性涂料,但现实情况是如此的话无法得到能满足作为罐用涂料用途的性能。
从这样的观点出发,作为金属容器或金属盖用树脂组合物,例如,提出了一种由丙烯酸改性聚酯树脂和β-羟烷基酰胺交联剂分散在水性介质中而成的水性涂料组合物,其中,该丙烯酸改性聚酯树脂是通过在树脂端部具有乙烯性双键的聚酯树脂上,接枝聚合有聚合性不饱和单体成分而成(专利文献1)。
此外,在专利文献2中,提出了一种由聚酯多元醇和嵌段多异氰酸酯固化剂构成的涂料组合物。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2001-81160号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2006-169535号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
然而,当使用专利文献1中的高酸值的丙烯酸改性聚酯树脂时,无法得到充分的加工性。此外,β-羟烷基酰胺交联剂的未反应物残留在涂膜中,存在固化性和蒸煮白化性降低的问题。由专利文献2中的聚酯和嵌段多异氰酸酯反应而得的涂膜,其耐水性差,存在对内容物杀菌时发生白化的问题。
本发明的目的是提供一种聚酯树脂以及聚酯树脂组合物,其能够实现即使实质上不含有固化剂,聚酯树脂也可单独固化,因此可以抑制有害的脱气(outgassing),且能够形成固化性、耐蒸煮性(retort)、加工性等特性优异的涂膜。
解决问题的技术手段
本发明人针对上述问题进行了深入研究,结果发现:一种含有具有既定酸值和特定结构的聚酯树脂的聚酯树脂组合物,其实质上不使用固化剂,即使聚酯树脂单独也可以固化。进一步地发现通过控制催化剂的用量,可得到固化性和加工性的平衡优异,不发生有害脱气,耐蒸煮性显著得到改善的聚酯树脂涂膜,从而实现本发明。即,本发明由以下的构成组成。
[1]一种聚酯树脂组合物,其特征在于,含有聚酯树脂(A)并满足下列的(i)~(iii)的各项条件,
(i)聚酯树脂(A)的酸值为100eq/ton以上,
(ii)实质上不含有固化剂,
(iii)作为构成所述聚酯树脂(A)的多元醇成分,聚酯树脂(A)含有具有脂环结构的二醇(b)及具有1个伯羟基和1个仲羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(c)中的任一方或双方,以及具有2个伯羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(a)。
[2]根据[1]记载的聚酯树脂组合物,其中,聚酯树脂(A)具有支化结构。
[3]根据[1]或[2]记载的聚酯树脂组合物,其中,作为构成所述聚酯树脂(A)的多元醇成分,聚酯树脂(A)含有5~50摩尔%的具有脂环结构的二醇(b)或者5~75摩尔%的具有1个伯羟基和1个仲羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(c),以及20~80摩尔%的具有2个伯羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(a)。
[4]根据[1]~[3]任一项记载的聚酯树脂组合物,其中,作为构成所述聚酯树脂(A)的多元羧酸成分,聚酯树脂(A)具有从己二酸、2,6-萘二甲酸以及1,4-环己烷二甲酸中选择的至少1种。
[5]根据[1]~[4]任一项记载的聚酯树脂组合物,其中,作为构成所述聚酯树脂(A)的多元羧酸成分,聚酯树脂(A)含有不饱和二元羧酸(d)。
[6]根据[1]~[5]任一项记载的聚酯树脂组合物,其中,在150℃下加热处理30分钟后的四氢呋喃不溶成分小于10质量%,所述聚酯树脂组合物进一步含有1种以上的催化剂(B)。
[7]根据[6]记载的聚酯树脂组合物,相对于聚酯树脂(A)100质量份,催化剂(B)的含量为0.01~0.5质量份。
[8]一种聚酯树脂水分散体,其含有[1]~[7]任一项记载的聚酯树脂组合物以及水性介质。
[9]一种涂料组合物,其含有[1]~[7]任一项记载的聚酯树脂组合物或[8]记载的聚酯树脂水分散体中的任一方。
[10]一种涂膜,其含有[1]~[7]任一项记载的聚酯树脂组合物。
[11]一种金属罐,其具有[10]记载的涂膜。
发明的效果
本发明能够提供一种不发生基于固化剂引起的有害脱气,且固化性和加工性的平衡优异、耐蒸煮性也显著得到改善的聚酯树脂组合物及其涂膜。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明的实施方式进行详细的说明。本发明的聚酯树脂组合物,其特征在于,含有聚酯树脂(A)并满足下列的(i)~(iii)的各项条件。
<条件(i)>
对条件(i)进行说明。聚酯树脂(A)需要具有100eq/ton以上的酸值。优选为200eq/ton以上,更优选250eq/ton以上,进一步优选为300eq/ton以上。当酸值低于上述值时,形成交联点的羧基较少,故固化性降低。进一步地,当酸值低于上述值时,在240℃下加热时相较于固化反应,热分解反应更优先进行,存在加工性下降的情形。此外,通过具有上述下限值以上的酸值,水性分散化将变得容易。酸值的上限值没有特别规定,但出于减少酸加成反应时的酸成分的未反应物和低聚物的量,优选1200eq/ton以下。
本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)的酸值可以用任意方法赋予。作为赋予酸值的方法,存在在缩聚后期使多元羧酸酐进行加成反应的方法以及在预聚物(低聚物)阶段使其为高酸值,接着缩聚该预聚物得到具有酸值的聚酯树脂的方法,从操作的容易度、得到目标酸值的容易度的考虑出发,优选前者的加成反应的方法。
在用于赋予本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)酸值的分子内具有多元羧酸酐基的化合物中,作为羧酸单酐,例如可举出:邻苯二甲酸酐、琥珀酸酐、马来酸酐、偏苯三酸酐、衣康酸酐、柠康酸酐、5-(2,5-二氧代四氢呋喃基)-3-环己烯-1,2-二羧酸酐等单酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐等,可以从它们当中选取1种或1种以上使用。其中,从适用性、经济性的方面考虑优选偏苯三酸酐。
在用于赋予本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)酸值的分子内具有多元羧酸酐基的化合物中,作为羧酸多酐,例如可举出:均苯四甲酸酐、1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-戊烷四羧酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐、环戊烷四羧酸二酐、2,3,6,7-萘四甲酸二酐、1,2,5,6-萘四甲酸二酐、乙二醇双偏苯三酸酐、2,2’,3,3’-二苯基四羧酸二酐、噻吩-2,3,4,5-四羧酸二酐、乙烯四羧酸二酐、4,4’-氧双邻苯二甲酸二酐、5-(2,5-二氧代四氢基-3-呋喃基)-3-甲基-3-环己烯-1,2-二甲酸酐等,可以从它们当中选取1种或2种以上使用。其中,优选乙二醇双偏苯三酸酐。
用于赋予所述酸值的分子内具有多元羧酸酐基的化合物,可以分别单独使用羧酸单酐和羧酸多酐,也可以一并使用。
<条件(ii)>
对条件(ii)进行说明。本发明的聚酯树脂组合物实质上不含有固化剂。该“实质上不含有固化剂”是指“相对于聚酯树脂(A)100质量份(换算成固形物成分),固化剂含量低于1质量份(换算成固形物成分)”。
此处的固化剂是指,与本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)反应并形成交联结构的已知固化剂,交联结构的形态例如可举出:使聚酯树脂中的不饱和双键通过自由基加成反应、阳离子加成反应或阴离子加成反应等进行反应,生成分子间碳-碳键的反应;通过与聚酯树脂中的多元羧酸基、多元醇基的缩合反应、加聚反应或酯交换反应等反应形成分子间键等。作为固化剂,例如可举出:酚醛树脂、氨基树脂、异氰酸酯化合物、环氧化合物或β-羟基酰胺化合物、含有不饱和键的树脂等。
本发明的聚酯树脂组合物中,固化剂的含量相对于聚酯树脂(A)(固形物成分)100质量份,小于1质量份。更优选小于0.5质量份,进一步优选小于0.1质量份,最优选不含有固化剂。当固化剂的含量多过上述范围时,不仅经济性变差,还存在固化剂彼此间的自缩聚反应引起的加工性下降、封端剂的挥发和产生甲醛等有害脱气,以及长期保存的稳定性变差的担忧。
本发明的聚酯树脂组合物通过含有聚酯树脂(A)并满足(i)~(iii)的各项条件,实质上不含有固化剂,即使聚酯树脂单独也可以固化。因此,本发明的聚酯树脂组合物即使是不含有聚酯树脂(A)以外的成分,单独使用聚酯树脂(A)的方式也可以。
<条件(iii)>
对条件(iii)进行说明。本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)中,作为其构成的多元醇成分,含有具有2个伯羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(a),以及具有脂环结构的二醇(b)及具有1个伯羟基和1个仲羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(c)中的任一方或双方(以下,也有分别被称为(a)成分、(b)成分、(c)成分)。据推测:由于(a)成分容易形成酯键,另外的(b)成分以及(c)成分相较于(a)成分其酯键容易开裂,故通过具有(a)成分、以及(b)成分或(c)成分,促进了加热处理时的酯键的再次排列和再次键合,能够形成兼具固化性、柔软性(即加工性)的涂膜。
聚酯树脂(A)中具有2个伯羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(a),例如可举出:乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、新戊二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2,4-二乙基-1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、2-甲基-1,8-辛二醇、3-甲基-1,6-己二醇、4-甲基-1,7-庚二醇、4-甲基-1,8-辛二醇、1,9-壬二醇等脂肪族二醇,二乙二醇、三乙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚四亚甲基二醇等聚醚二醇类等,可以选择它们中的1种或1种以上使用。其中,优选使用乙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,6-己二醇。
聚酯树脂(A)中具有2个伯羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(a)的共聚比例,优选为总多元醇成分中的20~80摩尔%,更优选20~60摩尔%,进一步优选20~40摩尔%。当在上述范围内时,固化性和耐蒸煮性良好。
本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)优选含有具有脂环结构的二醇(b)作为多元醇成分。通过含有具有脂环结构的二醇(b),容易兼具加工性和耐蒸煮性。构成本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)的具有脂环结构的二醇(b),例如可举出:1,2-环己烷二甲醇、1,3-环己烷二甲醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、三环癸烷二醇类、氢化双酚类等,可以选择它们中的1种或1种以上使用。其中,从固化性、加工性、耐蒸煮性的观点出发,优选使用1,4-环己烷二甲醇。
构成本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)的具有脂环结构的二醇(b)的共聚比例,优选为总多元醇成分中的5~50摩尔%,更优选10~40摩尔%,进一步优选20~30摩尔%。当在上述范围内时,加工性良好。
本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)优选含有具有1个伯羟基和1个仲羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(c)作为多元醇成分。聚酯树脂(A)中的具有1个伯羟基和1个仲羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(c),例如可举出:1,2-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇等,可以选择它们中的1种或1种以上使用。其中,优选使用1,2-丙二醇。
聚酯树脂(A)中的具有1个伯羟基和1个仲羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(c)的共聚比例,优选为总多元醇成分中的5~75摩尔%,更优选10~65摩尔%,进一步优选为15~50摩尔%。若在上述范围内,则固化性和耐蒸煮性良好。
作为构成本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)的多元羧酸成分,例如可举出:对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸酐、2,6-萘二甲酸、1,4-萘二甲酸、1,8-萘二甲酸等芳香族二羧酸成分等。可以单独使用它们或合用2种以上。其中,优选对苯二甲酸和2,6-萘二甲酸。
作为构成本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)的其他多元羧酸成分,例如可举出:脂肪族二元羧酸成分、脂环族二元羧酸成分。作为脂肪族二元羧酸成分可举出:琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、皮脂酸、十二烷二酸、二聚酸等。作为脂环族二元羧酸成分可举出:1,4-环己烷二甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、六氢间苯二甲酸、1,2-环己烯二甲酸等。可以选择它们中的1种或2种以上使用。其中,从反应性和经济性的方面出发,优选己二酸、1,4-环己烷二甲酸。
在聚酯树脂(A)中,含有脂肪族二元羧酸成分、脂环族二元羧酸成分作为结构单元时,它们的共聚比例优选为多元羧酸成分中的5~40摩尔%。更优选为10~30摩尔%。当其共聚比例在上述范围外时,聚酯树脂(A)的玻璃化转变温度大幅降低,耐蒸煮性降低。
作为构成本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)的多元羧酸成分,优选含有不饱和二元羧酸(d)作为结构单元。通过含有不饱和二元羧酸(d),基于加热处理时不饱和键的开裂引起的生成分子间碳-碳键的反应,可以提升固化性。作为所述的不饱和二元羧酸(d),例如可举出:富马酸、马来酸、衣康酸、柠康酸、2,5-降冰片烷二甲酸和四氢邻苯二甲酸,以及它们的酸酐,可以使用它们的1种或2种以上。
在聚酯树脂(A)中,含有不饱和二元羧酸(d)作为结构单元的情形下,不饱和二元羧酸(d)的共聚比例优选例如为多元羧酸成分中的5~20摩尔%。更优选为10~15摩尔%。通过使其共聚比例在上述范围内,能够兼具加工性和固化性。
本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)优选具有支化结构。具有支化结构是指聚酯的主链中具有支化结构,在聚酯树脂(A)中导入支化结构时,作为示例可举出在聚酯的缩聚反应中共聚3官能以上的成分作为部分的多元羧酸成分和/或多元醇成分的方法。作为3官能以上的多元羧酸成分,例如可举出:偏苯三甲酸、均苯四甲酸、二苯甲酮四羧酸等,作为3官能以上的多元醇,可举出:丙三醇、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、甘露醇、山梨糖醇、季戊四醇、α-甲基葡萄糖苷等。聚酯树脂(A)通过具有支化结构,在加热处理时酯键发生再次排列和再次键合时的交联密度提高,可以提升固化性以及加工性。
以总多元羧酸成分为100摩尔%时,3官能以上的多元羧酸成分的共聚比例优选为0.1摩尔%以上,更优选为0.5摩尔%以上,进一步优选为1摩尔%以上。此外,优选为7摩尔%以下,更优选为6摩尔%以下,进一步优选为5摩尔%以下,特别优选为4摩尔%以下。以总多元醇成分为100摩尔%时,3官能以上的多元醇成分的共聚比例优选为0.1摩尔%以上,更优选为0.5摩尔%以上,进一步优选为1摩尔%以上。此外,优选为5摩尔%以下,更优选为3摩尔%以下,进一步优选为2摩尔%以下,特别优选为1摩尔%以下。若多元羧酸成分以及多元醇成分分别超过上述上限,则聚酯树脂的可挠性丧失、加工性降低,或聚酯聚合时会存在凝胶化。
对于构成本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)的多元羧酸成分以及多元醇成分,可以使用从生物质(biomass)资源衍生的原料。生物质资源是指通过植物的光合作用将太阳的光能转换成淀粉和纤维素等形式储存,其包含可以加工食用植物体成长发育的动物体、植物体和动物体的制品。这些当中,更优选的生物量资源为植物资源,可举出:木材、稻草、稻壳、米糠、旧米、玉米、甘蔗、木薯、西米、豆渣、玉米棒、木薯渣、甘蔗渣、植物油渣、薯类、荞麦、大豆、油脂、旧纸、制纸残渣、水产品残渣、家畜排泄物、下水道污泥、食品废弃物等。进一步优选为玉米、甘蔗、木薯、西米。
接着,说明关于本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)的制造方法。在酯化/交换反应中,加热熔融全部的单体成分和/或其低聚物使其反应。酯化/交换反应温度优选180~250℃,更优选200~250℃。反应时间优选1.5~10小时,更优选3小时~6小时。需要说明的是,反应时间为从达到期望的反应温度开始到接下来的缩聚反应为止的时间。在缩聚反应中,减压下在220~280℃的温度下,从酯化反应得到的酯化物中蒸馏除去多元醇成分,直至达到期望的分子量为止地推进缩聚反应。缩聚的反应温度优选220~280℃,更优选240~275℃。减压程度优选为130Pa以下。若减压程度不够充分,则有缩聚时间过长的倾向,因此不优选。作为从大气压开始直至达到130Pa以下的减压时间,优选历时30~180分钟缓慢减压。
当进行酯化/交换反应以及缩聚反应时,根据需要,使用钛酸四丁酯等有机钛酸化合物、二氧化锗、酸化锑、辛酸锡等有机锡化合物进行聚合。从反应活性的方面考虑,优选有机钛酸化合物;从树脂着色的方面考虑,优选二氧化锗。
本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)的玻璃化转变温度从耐水性、特别是涂膜的耐蒸煮性的观点出发,优选40℃以上,更优选60℃以上。玻璃化转变温度的上限没有特别限定,但通常为130℃以下。
本发明中的聚酯树脂(A)的比浓粘度优选0.2~0.6dl/g,更优选0.3~0.5dl/g。当比浓粘度为0.2dl/g以下时,固化性不充分,此外涂膜的强韧性不足,存在对在金属板上涂布树脂后的罐子成形加工不耐受的担忧。另一方面,当比浓粘度为0.6dl/g以上时,熔融粘度和溶液粘度升高,不仅加工性下降,还存在因羟基末端数减少而不能赋予足够的酸值的担忧。
本发明的聚酯树脂组合物即使实质上不含有固化剂,也可以通过在240℃下加热处理1小时使其固化。另一方面,在加热处理前,从溶剂溶解性和树脂的凝聚等操作上的观点出发,优选尽可能不含有固化物。这样的固化物的含量能够通过以不溶于四氢呋喃(THF)的成分作为指标来得知。
本发明的聚酯树脂组合物在240℃下加热处理1小时后,不溶于四氢呋喃(THF)的成分为10质量%以上。通过不溶于四氢呋喃的成分为10质量%以上,可以得到耐蒸煮性和加工性的平衡优异的聚酯树脂组合物及其涂膜。THF不溶成分优选为30质量%以上,更优选为50质量%以上,进一步优选为70质量%。若小于10质量%,则存在固化性不够充分、涂膜的强韧性不足、耐蒸煮性降低和不耐受对涂布金属板后的罐子成形加工的担忧。
另一方面,本发明的聚酯树脂组合物在150℃下加热处理30分钟后的THF不溶成分优选为小于10质量%。更优选小于5质量%,进一步优选为小于1质量%,即使是0质量%也不受影响。通过在150℃比较低温的加热条件下THF不溶成分低于上述值,可以抑制在溶解于溶剂时或制作成水分散体时的凝聚物的产生。
<催化剂(B)>
对于本发明的聚酯树脂组合物,优选进一步地含有催化剂(B)。通过含有催化剂(B),可促进聚酯树脂(A)加热处理时的自交联性,提升固化性。作为催化剂,例如可举出:硫酸、p-甲苯磺酸、十二烷基苯磺酸、萘磺酸、二壬基萘磺酸、二壬基萘二磺酸、樟脑磺酸、磷酸等酸催化剂以及将它们进行胺封端(添加胺进行部分中和)后的产物、二月桂酸二丁基锡等有机锡化合物、钛酸四丁酯等钛化合物、乙酸锌等锌化合物、氯化铪·THF络合物等铪化合物、三氟甲磺酸钪等稀土类化合物。可以从它们当中使用1种或合用2种以上。其中,从与聚酯树脂(A)的相容性、卫生性的方面考虑,优选十二烷基苯磺酸及其中和物。
本发明中使用的聚酯树脂(A)以及催化剂(B)的混合比优选为(A)/(B)=100/0.01~0.5(质量比),进一步优选为100/0.05~0.4(质量比),最优选为100/0.1~0.3(质量比)。通过质量比在上述范围内,可以提升聚酯树脂组合物的固化性。
在本发明的聚酯树脂组合物中,催化剂(B)可以包含于聚酯树脂(A),也可以之后添加。从回避聚酯树脂(A)聚合时的凝胶化的观点出发,优选将催化剂(B)在制造聚酯树脂(A)后添加。
对于本发明的聚酯树脂组合物,也可添加自由基阻聚剂(C)。主要为了防止在聚合聚酯树脂(A)时因不饱和键开裂引起的凝胶化而被使用,此外为提高聚酯树脂(A)的贮藏稳定性也可以在聚合后添加。作为自由基阻聚剂(C),可以例举:苯酚系抗氧化剂、磷系抗氧化剂、胺系抗氧化剂、硫系抗氧化剂、无机化合物系抗氧化剂等公知的抗氧化剂。
作为苯酚系抗氧化剂,可举出:2,5-二叔丁基对苯二酚、4,4’-亚丁基双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)丁烷、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯、三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)异氰尿酸酯等或者它们的衍生物等。
作为磷系抗氧化剂,可举出:亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸二苯基异癸基酯、亚磷酸三(十八烷基)酯、亚磷酸十三烷基酯、亚磷酸二苯基癸基酯、4,4’-亚丁基-双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯基二(十三烷基)亚磷酸酯)、二硬脂基-季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、三硫代亚磷酸三月桂基酯等或者它们的衍生物等。
作为胺系抗氧化剂,可举出:苯基-β-萘胺、吩噻嗪、N,N’-二苯基-对苯二胺、N,N’-二-β-萘基-对苯二胺、N-环己基-N’-苯基-对苯二胺、3-羟基丁醛-α-萘胺、2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢喹啉聚合物等或者它们的衍生物等。
作为硫系抗氧化剂,可举出:硫代二(N-苯基-β-萘胺、2-巯基苯并噻唑、2-巯基苯并咪唑、四甲基秋兰姆二硫化物、异丙基黄原酸镍等或者它们的衍生物等。
作为硝基化合物系抗氧化剂,可举出:1,3,5-三硝基苯、对亚硝基二苯胺、对亚硝基二甲基苯胺、1-氯-3-硝基苯、邻二硝基苯、间二硝基苯、对二硝基苯、对硝基苯甲酸、硝基苯、2-硝基-5-氰基噻吩等或者它们的衍生物等。
作为无机化合物系抗氧化剂,可举出:FeCl3、Fe(CN)3、CuCl2、CoCl3、Co(ClO4)3、Co(NO3)3、Co2(SO4)3等。
作为本发明所使用的自由基阻聚剂(C),在上述的抗氧化剂中,从热稳定性方面出发,优选苯酚系抗氧化剂、胺系抗氧化剂,更优选熔点120℃以上、分子量200以上的抗氧化剂,进一步优选熔点170℃以上的抗氧化剂。具体是吩噻嗪、4,4’-亚丁基双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)等。
本发明的聚酯树脂组合物中的聚酯树脂(A)以及自由基阻聚剂(C)的混合比,优选为(A)/(C)=100/0.001~0.5(质量比),更优选为100/0.01~0.1(质量比),最优选为100/0.02~0.08(质量比)。通过使混合比在所述范围内,可以抑制聚酯树脂(A)制造中的凝胶化。
对于本发明的聚酯树脂组合物,为符合所要求的特性,可以混合氧化钛、二氧化硅等公知的无机颜料、磷酸以及其酯化物、表面平滑剂、消泡剂、分散剤、润滑剂等公知的添加剂。特别地,为了赋予DI罐或DR(或DRD)罐等成形时所需的涂膜的润滑性,因此需要润滑剂,作为合适的润滑剂的示例,例如可举出:多元醇化合物与脂肪酸的酯化物的脂肪酸酯蜡、硅系蜡、氟系蜡、聚乙烯等聚烯烃蜡、羊毛脂蜡、褐煤蜡、微晶蜡等。润滑剂可以使用1种或2种以上混合使用。
本发明的聚酯树脂组合物能够以溶解在公知的有机溶剂的状态进行涂料化。作为用于涂料化的有机溶剂,例如可举出:甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁酮、环己酮、异佛尔酮、甲基溶纤剂、丁基溶纤剂、乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯、乙二醇单醋酸酯、甲醇、乙醇、丁醇、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单丁醚、二乙二醇单丁醚、芳香烃溶剂Solvesso等。考虑溶解性、蒸发速度等因素,从它们中选择1种或2种以上使用。
本发明的聚酯树脂组合物能够以公知的粉碎方法进行粉体涂料化。作为公知的粉碎方法,例如可举出粉碎法。在粉碎法中,将本发明的聚酯树脂组合物,根据需要的防锈颜料和添加剂等的混合物,使用转鼓混合机、亨舍尔混合机等混合机进行干式混合,通过混炼机进行熔融混炼。作为混炼机,例如可以使用:单螺杆或双螺杆的挤出机、三辊机、实验室混料挤出机(Labo Plasto)等一般的混炼机。将混炼物冷却固化,粗粉碎以及微粉砕固化物可以得到粉碎物。作为粉碎机,例如可举出:利用超音速喷气气流进行粉碎的喷气式粉碎机、以及在高速旋转的旋转子(转子)和定子(内衬垫)之间形成的空间内导入固化物进行粉碎的冲击式粉碎机。此外,也可以根据需要向粉碎物进一步添加添加剂。可以将粉碎物进行分级,按照期望的粒径以及期望的粒径分布调整粉体,得到粉体涂料组合物。对于分级,可以使用通过离心力以及风力的分级,能够除去过粉碎调色剂母粒的公知的分级机,例如可以使用回旋式风力分级机(旋转式风力分级机)等。
在本发明的聚酯树脂组合物中,可以混入以赋予涂膜可挠性、密合性等改性为目的的其他树脂。作为其他树脂的示例,可以举出:非晶性聚酯、结晶性聚酯、乙烯-聚合性不饱和羧酸共聚物以及乙烯-聚合性羧酸共聚物的离聚物,通过混合从它们当中选出的至少1种以上的树脂,可以赋予涂膜可挠性和/或密合性。
对于本发明的聚酯树脂组合物,只要是由可以用于饮料罐、罐头用罐及其盖子、瓶盖等的金属材料构成的金属板,就可以在其单面或者双面,或根据需要在其边缘面涂装。作为所述金属材料,例如可举出:镀锡钢板、无锡钢、铝等。也可以使用对这些金属材料构成的金属板预先施加了磷酸处理、铬酸铬酸盐处理、磷酸铬酸盐处理、基于其他防锈处理剂的防锈处理、以提升涂膜的密合性为目的的表面处理的金属板。
可以将本发明的聚酯树脂组合物通过辊涂、喷涂等公知的涂装方法涂装并固化在金属板上。涂装膜厚虽没有特别限定,但作为干燥膜厚优选为3~18μm,进一步优选为5~15μm的范围。涂膜的烘烤条件约为180~260℃的范围、约10分钟~2小时的程度,进一步地优选在约200~240℃的范围、约5分钟~1小时的程度。
<聚酯树脂水分散体>
本发明的聚酯树脂组合物可分散在水性介质中,作为聚酯树脂水分散体使用。
作为将本发明所使用的聚酯树脂(A)进行水分散体化的方法,存在将聚酯树脂(A)溶解于能溶解聚酯树脂(A)的水溶性有机溶剂,根据需要逐步加入碱性化合物和水从而进行分散的方法(a);将聚酯树脂(A)、水、溶解聚酯树脂(A)的水溶性有机溶剂以及根据需要加入的碱性化合物进行加热分散的方法(b)等。此外,当想要减少有机溶剂的量时,或者打算完全除去有机溶剂进行水分散化时,也可以使用具有100℃以下沸点的有机溶剂进行分散后,在加热或减压下抽离溶剂。在聚酯树脂为聚酯树脂(A)的情况下,从造膜性的观点出发优选按照前者的方法(a)进行。
此时,溶解聚酯树脂(A)时的温度优选40~160℃,更优选50~140℃,进一步优选60~120℃,最优选70~100℃。温度低于40℃时,聚酯树脂(A)的溶解将会变得不充分,因此,不能充分解开分子链彼此的缠绕,此外若温度超过160℃,则会增加引起聚酯树脂(A)劣化的担忧。作为通过在40~160℃的温度范围下加热就能够溶解聚酯树脂(A)的有机溶剂,可举出:甲基乙基酮、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、四氢呋喃、1,4-二恶烷、1,3-二恶烷、1,3-二氧戊环、1,2-己二醇、甲基溶纤剂、丁基溶纤剂、乙基卡必醇、丁基卡必醇、丙二醇单丙醚、丙二醇单丁醚、三乙二醇单丁醚等。其中,优选甲基乙基酮和丁基溶纤剂、丙二醇单丙醚、丙二醇单丁醚等。
在100℃以上溶解聚酯树脂(A)时,需要将聚酯树脂溶液的温度冷却至100℃以下后,一边搅拌该树脂溶液,一边逐步添加水以及根据需要的碱性化合物进行相转化,以此得到水分散体。
作为在将本发明的聚酯树脂(A)进行水分散体化时使用的碱性化合物,优选在涂膜形成时的干燥和烘烤工序时可挥发的化合物,可以使用氨和/或沸点为250℃以下的有机胺化合物等。优选,例如可举出:三乙胺、N,N-二乙基乙醇胺、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、氨基乙醇胺、N-甲基-N,N-二乙醇胺、异丙胺、3,3’-二氨基二丙胺、乙胺、二乙胺、3-乙氧基丙胺、3-二乙氨基丙胺、sec-丁胺、丙胺、甲氨基丙胺、二甲氨基丙胺、N,N-双(3-氨丙基)甲胺、3-甲氧基丙胺、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、吗啉、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉等。这些碱性化合物需要至少能够对聚酯树脂(A)的羧基进行部分中和的量,具体地优选相对于羧基当量添加0.5~1.5当量。
由于本发明所涉及的聚酯树脂水分散体的平均粒径对涂膜外观、保存稳定性有较大影响,因此非常重要,优选30~250nm。进一步优选为50~200nm,特别优选为70~150nm。若平均粒径超过250nm时,不仅分散稳定性大幅下降,造膜性也下降,因此所得皮膜的外观发生恶化。此外,若平均粒径低于30nm时,虽造膜性有显著上升的倾向,但因此容易发生分散粒子间的融合和凝聚,作为结果,引起粘度增加和分散不良的可能性增高,因此不优选。
本发明的聚酯树脂水分散体优选制作为10~45质量%的树脂固形物成分浓度。该浓度更优选为15~40质量%,进一步优选为20~35质量%的范围。若树脂固形物成分浓度超过45质量%时,则水分散体的粘度会升高,此外容易引起树脂粒子间的凝聚,因此分散稳定性大幅下降。此外,当低于10质量%时,从制造和用途的两方面出发,难以认为具有实用性。
本发明的聚酯树脂水分散体最适合用作食品和饮料用罐的内面涂料。为用作食品和饮料用罐的内面涂料,存在根据目的而混合各种添加剂的情形。在不损害食品卫生性和风味性等本发明目的的范围内,可以添加用于提升涂布性和涂膜的平滑性以及外观的流平剂、表面活性剂、用于防止涂膜划痕的润滑剂,还可以进一步地添加染色颜料和按情况添加的聚酯树脂(A)以外的聚酯树脂、聚酯树脂以外的树脂、例如丙烯酸树脂乳胶和聚氨酯树脂乳胶等。
可以通过凹版辊涂器和逗号涂布器、喷涂法等,将使用本发明的聚酯树脂水分散体的涂料涂装到铝和不锈钢钢、镀锡钢板等罐用金属基材上。膜厚没有特别限定,但通常干燥膜厚可以为3~18μm,进一步优选为5~15μm的范围。涂膜的烘烤条件通常为约180~260℃的范围,约10分钟~2小时的程度,进一步地优选为约200~240℃的范围,约5分钟~1小时的程度。
实施例
以下基于实施例详细说明本发明,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。根据下列方法进行各种特性的评价。其中,份单指质量份,%表示质量%。
<聚酯树脂(A)>
(1)树脂组成的测定
将聚酯树脂(A)试料溶解至氘代氯仿,使用VARIAN公司制造的核磁共振(NMR)装置400-MR,进行1H-NMR分析。根据其积分比值求出摩尔比。
(2)比浓粘度(单元:dl/g)的测定
将0.1g的聚酯树脂(A)试料溶解至苯酚/四氯乙烷(质量比6/4)的混合溶剂25cc,在30℃下测定比浓粘度。
(3)玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的测定
通过差示扫描量热仪(SII公司,DSC-200)测定玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。将5mg的聚酯树脂(A)试料放入铝制压盖型容器中密封,使用液氮冷却至-50℃,接着以20℃/分钟的速度升温至150℃。在该过程所得的吸热曲线中,以吸热峰出现前的基线和面向吸热峰的切线所成的交点的温度为玻璃化转变温度(Tg,单元:℃)。
(4)酸值的测定
将0.2g的聚酯树脂(A)试料溶解至40ml的氯仿,用0.01N的氢氧化钾乙醇溶液进行滴定,求出每106g聚酯树脂的当量(eq/ton)。使用酚酞作为指示剂。
<聚酯树脂组合物的制作>
使用环己酮/Solvesso-150=1/1(质量比)将聚酯树脂(A)100质量份(固形物成分)溶解至适合涂装的粘度。按照表2以及表3的混合,得到聚酯树脂组合物(固形物成分含量约35质量%)。
(5)THF不溶成分的测定
在铜箔上涂布聚酯树脂组合物至干燥后的厚度为10μm,在240℃下加热1小时,以长10cm、宽2.5cm大小的样品的浸渍THF前质量为(X),以在25℃下,浸渍于60ml的THF达1小时后,100℃下干燥10分钟后的样品的质量为浸渍THF后质量(Y),按照下列式求出在240℃下加热处理1小时后的THF不溶成分。
THF不溶成分(质量%)={[(Y)-铜箔质量]/{(X)-铜箔质量]}×100
此外,除了温度设为150℃,加热30分钟以外,按上述同样的条件求出在150℃下加热处理30分钟后的THF不溶成分。
<试验片的制作>
使用棒涂布器在镀锡钢板(JISG 3303(2008)SPTE,70mm×150mm×0.3mm)的一面涂装聚酯树脂组合物,直至其干燥后的膜厚为10±2μm,设烘烤条件240℃(PMT:基材到达的最高温度)和1小时,进行固化烘烤,以此作为试验片(以下称为试验片)。
(6)加工性的评价
将所得的试验片沿固化膜朝外的方向施加180°折弯加工,对于发生在弯曲部的固化膜破裂测定通电值来评价加工性。需要说明的是,折弯加工在其间不夹入任何东西(所谓的0T)地折弯。准备在铝板制电极(宽20mm、深50mm、厚0.5mm)上放置有浸渍过1%NaCl水溶液的海绵(宽20mm、深50mm、厚10mm)的试验片,让试验片的弯曲部的中央部附近接触海绵,使其与海绵的20mm的边相平行。在铝板电极与试验片内侧的非涂装部之间施加5.0V的直流电压,测定通电值。通电值越小说明弯曲特性越好。
(判定)
◎:低于0.5mA
○:0.5mA以上,低于1.0mA
△:1.0mA以上,低于2.0mA
×:2.0mA以上
(7)固化性的评价
将浸渍过甲基乙基酮的纱布以1cm2的面积按压接触试验片的固化膜面,施加500g的载荷,进行摩擦实验。按照以下基准对发生固化膜剥离的次数(一次往返为一次)进行评价。
(判定)
◎:在50次以上涂膜也未发生剥离,未发现固化膜的变化
○:在25~49次内固化膜发生剥离,镀锡板露出。
△:在16~24次内固化膜发生剥离,镀锡板露出。
×:在15次以下固化膜发生剥离,镀锡板露出。
(8)耐蒸煮性的评价
将试验片竖立放入不锈钢杯中,向杯中注入离子交换水直至试验片的一半高度,将该不锈钢杯放置蒸煮试验机(TOMY工业株式会社制造的ES-315)的压力釜中,在125℃下进行30分钟蒸煮处理。处理后评价在一般认为对固化膜暴露于更严格条件的蒸气接触部分进行,固化膜的白化、发泡的状态通过目视按如下标准判定。
(判定)
◎:良好(白化、发泡均不存在)
○:虽存在些许白化,但不存在发泡
△:存在若干白化和/或若干发泡
×:存在显著的白化和/或显著的发泡
聚酯树脂(A)的合成例(a)
将740质量份的对苯二甲酸二甲酯、100质量份的2,6-萘二甲酸二甲酯、8质量份的偏苯三酸酐、190质量份的乙二醇、330质量份的1,2-丙二醇、190质量份的1,4-环己烷二甲醇以及0.4质量份(相对于全部酸成分为0.03摩尔%)的作为催化剂的钛酸四正丁酯(以下有时简称为TBT)加入3L的4口烧瓶,一边历时3小时缓慢升温至230℃,一边进行酯化反应。接着,将体系内缓慢减压,历时1小时降压至10mmHg进行减压聚合的同时将温度升温至250℃,进一步地在1mmHg以下的真空下进行50分钟的后期聚合。到达目标分子量后,将其在氮气氛围下冷却至210℃。接着,投入26质量份的偏苯三酸酐,在氮气氛围、200~230℃下,继续30分钟搅拌。取出得到聚酯树脂(合成例(a))。得到的聚酯树脂的比浓粘度为0.33dl/g,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为65℃,酸值为300eq/t。
合成例(b)~(t)
采用与合成例(a)同样的直接聚合法,但改变加入组成,按照如表1所示的树脂组成,制造聚酯树脂(合成例(b)~(t))。
[表3]
(※)PR-521:酚醛树脂固化剂(Allnex公司制造PHENODUR PR-521)
表2中明确指出,由使用了本发明的聚酯树脂(A)的聚酯树脂组合物所得的固化膜(涂膜),其加工性、固化性、耐蒸煮性的任一项均优异。另一方面,如表3所示,在比较例1中,由于聚酯树脂不含有作为多元醇成分的(b)成分、(c)成分,因此耐蒸煮性较差。在比较例2中,由于聚酯树脂不含有作为多元醇成分的(a)成分,因此耐蒸煮性较差。在比较例3、4中,由于聚酯树脂的酸值较低,固化性变得不充分,因此加工性、耐蒸煮性也较差。在比较例5中,由于混合了固化剂,因此加工性较差。
工业上的可利用性
本发明是一种加工性、固化性、耐蒸煮性优异的聚酯树脂组合物和聚酯树脂水分散体,以及含有它们的涂料、涂膜,适用于食品及饮料用金属罐等的涂装用涂料主剂。
Claims (11)
1.一种聚酯树脂组合物,其特征在于,含有聚酯树脂(A)并满足下列的(i)~(iii)的各项条件,
(i)聚酯树脂(A)的酸值为100eq/ton以上,
(ii)实质上不含有固化剂,
(iii)作为构成所述聚酯树脂(A)的多元醇成分,聚酯树脂(A)含有具有脂环结构的二醇(b)及具有1个伯羟基和1个仲羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(c)中的任一方或双方,以及具有2个伯羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(a)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚酯树脂组合物,其中,聚酯树脂(A)具有支化结构。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚酯树脂组合物,其中,作为构成所述聚酯树脂(A)的多元醇成分,聚酯树脂(A)含有5~50摩尔%的具有脂环结构的二醇(b)或者5~75摩尔%的具有1个伯羟基和1个仲羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(c),以及20~80摩尔%的具有2个伯羟基但不具有脂环结构的二醇(a)。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的聚酯树脂组合物,其中,作为构成所述聚酯树脂(A)的多元羧酸成分,聚酯树脂(A)具有从己二酸、2,6-萘二甲酸以及1,4-环己烷二甲酸中选择的至少1种。
5.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的聚酯树脂组合物,其中,作为构成所述聚酯树脂(A)的多元羧酸成分,聚酯树脂(A)含有不饱和二元羧酸(d)。
6.根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的聚酯树脂组合物,其中,在150℃下加热处理30分钟后的四氢呋喃不溶成分小于10质量%,所述聚酯树脂组合物进一步含有1种以上的催化剂(B)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的聚酯树脂组合物,相对于聚酯树脂(A)100质量份,催化剂(B)的含量为0.01~0.5质量份。
8.一种聚酯树脂水分散体,其含有权利要求1~7任一项所述的聚酯树脂组合物以及水性介质。
9.一种涂料组合物,其含有权利要求1~7任一项所述的聚酯树脂组合物或权利要求8所述的聚酯树脂水分散体中的任一方。
10.一种涂膜,其含有权利要求1~7任一项所述的聚酯树脂组合物。
11.一种金属罐,其具有权利要求10所述的涂膜。
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