CN116813930B - 一种高分子量超支化树形大分子金属离子吸附剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高分子量超支化树形大分子金属离子吸附剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高分子量超支化树形大分子金属离子吸附剂的制备方法:向端稀基伯胺有机溶液中滴加端烯基酸甲酯的有机溶液,20~40℃搅拌1~3天升温至60℃纯化,将其滴加到乙二胺的有机溶液中搅拌反应,提纯,重复将反应物与端烯基酸甲酯和乙二胺反应三次,制得胺基三元骨架;将胺基三元骨架和巯烷基三烷氧基硅烷溶解于有机溶剂中,加入安息香二甲醚,紫外光照射反应,旋蒸仪蒸出有机溶剂后加入正硅酸乙酯,搅拌反应,无水乙醇将产物萃取,真空干燥即得。相比于现有树形大分子吸附剂,本发明吸附剂具有更多的枝化结构,含有更多的端部官能团,可以敏锐捕捉游离的金属离子,从而对极稀溶液中的金属离子进行高效的吸附。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吸附剂领域,尤其涉及一种高分子量超支化树形大分子金属离子吸附剂的制备方法。
背景技术
重金属离子引起的水体污染已成为严重的环境问题,由于金属离子不能被天然降解,会通过食物链进入人体,对人的身体健康造成严重危害。因此,去除水中的金属离子对提高饮用水质量、保护人体健康、减少环境污染具有重要意义。
废水中重金属的去除方法多种多样,如膜分离法(透析、电渗析、反渗透等)、中和法、萃取法、离子交换法、吸附法等。在众多金属离子脱除方法中,吸附法因其高效、易操作、再生性能好、经济高效等优点,已成为广泛研究的热点。聚合物、活性炭、金属氧化物、二氧化硅和离子交换树脂常被用作金属离子吸附剂。高效的吸附剂应在相对较短的时间内去除大量的重金属离子,必须具有较高的表面积、较快的吸附速率和较短的吸附平衡时间。树形大分子吸附剂是吸附重金属离子的一种高效吸附剂,树形大分子的末端含有大量的官能团“触手”,可以快速准确捕捉游离的重金属离子。
但是,树形大分子吸附剂对金属离子的吸附浓度有最低要求,比如凹凸棒石修饰的PAMAM树形大分子对Hg2+的最低吸附浓度是5×10-5mmol/L;PAMAM树形大分子负载的硅胶材料对Cu2+的最低吸附浓度是1×10-4mmol/L;PAMAM树形大分子功能化的氧化石墨烯/介孔二氧化硅复合材料对Cd2+的最低吸附浓度是1×10-3mmol/L;PAMAM树形大分子磁性微球对Ni2+的最低吸附浓度是1×10-3mmol/L。含硫的树形分子功能化的Fe3O4/SiO2杂化材料对Ag+的最低吸附浓度是1×10-3mmol/L。因此,现有吸附剂无法满足对极稀浓度的重金属离子的吸附。
发明内容
针对现有吸附剂无法满足对极稀浓度的重金属离子的吸附的技术问题,本发明提供一种高分子量超支化树形大分子金属离子吸附剂的制备方法,包括制备胺基三元骨架和胺基三元骨架通过巯烷基三烷氧基硅烷与正硅酸乙酯接枝形成树形大分子吸附材料,通过选取不同分子量的反应物,制备出超支化树形大分子,可以应用于吸附水中的重金属残留。
胺基三元骨架的制备具体为:在氮气保护下,向0℃~10℃的端稀基伯胺有机溶液中滴加端烯基酸甲酯的有机溶液,搅拌1~3h后升温至20℃~40℃,持续搅拌1~3天,停止搅拌后升温至60℃纯化,将纯化物滴加到乙二胺的有机溶液中,氮气保护下搅拌反应,将反应物提纯,重复将反应物与端烯基酸甲酯和乙二胺反应三次,即得。有机溶剂为常见的极性溶剂,比如甲醇、乙醇、乙酸丁酯、DMAc、DMSO中的一种。
端稀基伯胺中的碳碳双键和氨基分布在直链烷烃的两端,具有如下结构:CH2=CH-(CH2)j-NH2,其中,j为1~6的整数。端稀基伯胺在加热条件下与端烯基酸甲酯进行酰化反应,端烯基酸甲酯具有以下结构:CH2=CH(CH2)x-2COOCH3,其中,x为3~5的整数,再采用乙二胺将甲氧基取代。将取代产物再重复两次酰化反应和取代反应,制备出具有三重酰胺键的超支化胺基三元骨架,具有如式(ⅰ)所示的通式结构。
H2C=CH(CH2)j-N[(CH2)x-CONH-NR2]2 式(ⅰ);
其中,R的结构为:-(CH2)x-CONH-N[(CH2)x-CONH-NH2]2。
将超支化胺基三元骨架和巯烷基三烷氧基硅烷进行加成反应,具体操作是将二者溶解于甲醇中,加入安息香二甲醚,在氮气保护和搅拌条件下用紫外光照射反应,用旋蒸仪蒸出其中的甲醇,制得超支化树形大分子溶液。其中,巯烷基三烷氧基硅烷具有以下结构:(RO)3Si-(CH2)y-SH,R为甲基、乙基或丙基之一,y为1~5的整数。
向超支化树形大分子溶液中加入足量的正硅酸乙酯,20℃~40℃搅拌反应,用无水乙醇将产物萃取,真空干燥,即值得高分子量超支化树形大分子金属离 子吸附剂。该吸附剂具有硅烷内核和超支化树形大分子的触手结构,在分子间的空间位阻作用下通过分子键的自旋转形成稳定的结构。
相比于现有树形大分子吸附剂,本发明高分子量超支化树形大分子吸附剂具有更多的枝化结构,含有更多的端部官能团,可以敏锐捕捉游离的金属离子,从而对极稀溶液中的金属离子进行高效的吸附。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所得高分子量超支化树形大分子金属离子吸附剂的SEM图。
图2为实施例2所得高分子量超支化树形大分子金属离子吸附剂的SEM图。
图3为实施例1、2和对比例1吸附剂对不同金属离子的极稀溶液的累计吸附量柱状图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种高分子量超支化树形大分子金属离子吸附剂的制备方法:
1)在N2保护下,将100g烯丙基胺和100mL甲醇的混合液置于0℃下,滴加到400g的4-戊烯酸甲酯与80mL的甲醇的混合液中,搅拌1h,然后升温至25℃,搅拌3天进行加成反应,反应结束后,60℃的条件下纯化得到一加成烯丙基胺;按酯基与乙二胺的物质的量比为1:8比例称取一加成烯丙基胺中和乙二胺,在0℃下,将一加成烯丙基胺滴加到乙二胺的甲醇溶液中搅拌1 h,升温至25℃,N2保护下搅拌5天进行酰胺化反应,反应结束后,在40℃的条件下纯化得到一次枝化烯丙基胺;以同样的反应条件,将一次枝化烯丙基胺进行二次加成、二次酰胺化反应得二次枝化烯丙基胺,最后再以同样的反应条件,将二次枝化烯丙基胺进行三次加成、三次酰胺化反应得三次枝化烯丙基胺,即胺基三元骨架结构;
2)将150g所得三次枝化烯丙基胺与150g巯烷基三烷氧基硅烷加入到甲醇中,所述巯烷基三烷氧基硅烷的结构为(CH3CH2CH2O)3Si-(CH2)5-SH,再加入20g安息香二甲醚,用125W的紫外灯照射60min进行加成反应,将巯烷基三烷氧基硅烷的巯基加成到三次枝化烯丙基胺的烯基上,用旋蒸仪蒸出其中的甲醇;
3)在25℃的恒温水浴下,将100g步骤2)的产物和400g正硅酸乙酯混合,机械搅拌2h,加入500g水和450mL氟化铵,反应24h,将混合物用无水乙醇在索氏提取器中萃取10h,将产物在真空干燥箱中干燥,即制得高分子量超支化树形大分子金属离子吸附剂。
实施例2
一种高分子量超支化树形大分子金属离子吸附剂的制备方法:
1)在N2保护下,将120g烯戊基胺和100mL DMSO的混合液置于0℃下,滴加到380g的3-丁烯酸甲酯与80mL的DMSO的混合液中,搅拌1h,然后升温至25℃,搅拌3天进行加成反应,反应结束后,60℃的条件下纯化得到一加成烯戊基胺;按酯基与乙二胺的物质的量比为1:8比例称取一加成烯戊基胺中和乙二胺,在0℃下,将一加成烯戊基胺滴加到乙二胺的DMSO溶液中搅拌1 h,升温至25℃,N2保护下搅拌5天进行酰胺化反应,反应结束后,在40℃的条件下纯化得到一次枝化烯丙基胺;以同样的反应条件,将一次枝化烯丙基胺进行二次加成、二次酰胺化反应得二次枝化烯戊基胺,最后再以同样的反应条件,将二次枝化烯戊基胺进行三次加成、三次酰胺化反应得三次枝化烯戊基胺,即胺基三元骨架结构;
2)将180g所得三次枝化烯戊基胺与100g巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷加入到DMSO中,加入20g安息香二甲醚,用125W的紫外灯照射60min进行加成反应,将巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷的巯基加成到三次枝化烯丙基胺的烯基上,用旋蒸仪蒸出其中的DMSO;
3)在25℃的恒温水浴下,将100g步骤2)的产物和400g正硅酸乙酯混合,机械搅拌2h,加入500g水和450mL氟化铵,反应24h,将混合物用无水乙醇在索氏提取器中萃取10h,将产物在真空干燥箱中干燥,即制得高分子量超支化树形大分子金属离子吸附剂。
对比例1
一种支化树形大分子金属离子吸附剂的制备方法,和实施例1的区别在于,对比例1步骤1)制备的胺基三元骨架结构为二次枝化烯丙基胺,其余都一样。
图1和图2分别为实施例1和实施例2所得高分子量超支化树形大分子金属离子吸附剂的SEM图。从图中可以看出吸附剂整体是尺寸在100nm左右的不规则球体,球体表面是高分子量超支化树形大分子形成的“绒毛”状凸起。
配制以下溶液:Ag+浓度为1×10-3mmol/L的硝酸银溶液、Hg2+浓度为1×10-4mmol/L的硝酸汞溶液、Cu2+浓度为1×10-4mmol/L的硝酸铜溶液、Cd2+浓度为1×10-3mmol/L的氯化镉溶液、Ni2+浓度为1×10-3mmol/L氯化镍溶液。
分别称取100mg实施例1、2和对比例1所得吸附剂,分别加入到1L体积的上述溶液中,搅拌均匀后静置20min,检测溶液中金属离子的含量,计算吸附量,结果如图3所示,可以看出,相比于对比例1(D1)实施例1(S1)和实施例2(S2)对各金属离子均有较好的吸附能力。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种高分子量超支化树形大分子金属离子吸附剂对银离子浓度为1×10-3mmol/L的硝酸银溶液中银离子进行吸附的应用,其特征在于,所述高分子量超支化树形大分子金属离子吸附剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)在N2保护下,将100g烯丙基胺和100mL甲醇的混合液置于0℃下,滴加到400g的4-戊烯酸甲酯与80mL的甲醇的混合液中,搅拌1h,然后升温至25℃,搅拌3天进行加成反应,反应结束后,60℃的条件下纯化得到一加成烯丙基胺;按酯基与乙二胺的物质的量比为1:8比例称取一加成烯丙基胺和乙二胺,在0℃下,将一加成烯丙基胺滴加到乙二胺的甲醇溶液中搅拌1 h,升温至25℃,N2保护下搅拌5天进行酰胺化反应,反应结束后,在40℃的条件下纯化得到一次支化烯丙基胺;以同样的反应条件,将一次支化烯丙基胺进行二次加成、二次酰胺化反应得二次支化烯丙基胺,最后再以同样的反应条件,将二次支化烯丙基胺进行三次加成、三次酰胺化反应得三次支化烯丙基胺,即胺基三元骨架结构;
2)将150g所得三次支化烯丙基胺与150g巯烷基三烷氧基硅烷加入到甲醇中,所述巯烷基三烷氧基硅烷的结构为(CH3CH2CH2O)3Si-(CH2)5-SH,再加入20g安息香二甲醚,用125W的紫外灯照射60min进行加成反应,将巯烷基三烷氧基硅烷的巯基加成到三次支化烯丙基胺的烯基上,用旋蒸仪蒸出其中的甲醇;
3)在25℃的恒温水浴下,将100g步骤2)的产物和400g正硅酸乙酯混合,机械搅拌2h,加入500g水和450mL氟化铵,反应24h,将混合物用无水乙醇在索氏提取器中萃取10h,将产物在真空干燥箱中干燥,即得。
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