CN116751689A - 一种浅囊状栓菌sicau-t41及其应用 - Google Patents
一种浅囊状栓菌sicau-t41及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116751689A CN116751689A CN202310686668.5A CN202310686668A CN116751689A CN 116751689 A CN116751689 A CN 116751689A CN 202310686668 A CN202310686668 A CN 202310686668A CN 116751689 A CN116751689 A CN 116751689A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种浅囊状栓菌SICAU‑T41及其应用,该菌株已于2022年5月23日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCCNO:M2022701,地址:湖北省武汉市武昌区八一路299号武汉大学。本发明以烤烟根际土为分离材料,进行高效PGPR内生真菌的分离筛选和鉴定,筛选出了菌株SICAU‑T41,该菌株为浅囊状栓菌,具有产IAA功能,能够同时抑制番茄早疫病菌、黄瓜晚疫病菌和金黄色葡萄球菌3种病原菌,也能够溶解纤维素以及无机磷,而且还能提高烟苗的叶片数、茎粗、株高、鲜重和干重,可以用于生物有机肥的研发,对于种植业化肥减施增效具有重要价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种浅囊状栓菌,具体涉及一种浅囊状栓菌SICAU-T41及其应用。
背景技术
烤烟(Flue cured Tobacco)是茄科一年生草本植物,集中种植在S30°至N45°之间,种植范围较广。目前,在种植生产中,产量低、病害多已经成为了制约农业发展的主要因素。传统的化肥及农药虽然能在短期内提高农作物产量,但长期使用会对生态环境造成一定的破坏。因此开发高效环保的菌剂肥料,能在生态友好的基础上促进农业生产以及解决目前的农产品供需矛盾。
长期以来,防治植物病害以及促进植物生长的主要方式是农药和肥料,虽然这种方法在防治疾病和促进生长的上效果显著,但是与此同时也引起了植物病原抗药性、农药残留等问题,造成了一定的环境污染和生态破坏。因此,改进现有种植方式,加强农作物自身微生物资源挖掘与应用,对于提高农作物产量和品质、保护生态环境、增加烟区人民经济收入提高生活水平具有重要的意义。
植物根际促生菌(Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria,简称PGPR)是指直接或间接促进植物生长、增加作物产量、防治病虫害的根际微生物。PGPR的作用机制主要有:与其他土壤微生物相比更能在根部有效的定殖、对有害微生物具有拮抗作用、在根围的营养竞争特别是对铁的竞争中处于优势、可分泌植物激素促进植物生长、能诱导植物产生系统抗性和分泌降解病原微生物的酶等。使用植物根际促生菌制备的微生物制剂可以降低农药、化肥施用给人类健康和生态环境带来的隐患,保护植物根际微生态平衡。因此,烤烟根际土壤真菌在当前的微生物学领域研究有重要研究价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种浅囊状栓菌SICAU-T41及其应用,解决了化肥及农药对环境污染的问题,能够促进植物生长,抑制植物病原菌,可以用于生物有机肥的开发,对于种植业化肥减施增效具有重要价值。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了浅囊状栓菌(Trametes gibbosa)SICAU-T41,该菌株已于2022年5月23日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2022701,地址:湖北省武汉市武昌区八一路299号武汉大学。
本发明的另一目的是提供所述的浅囊状栓菌SICAU-T41在作为植物生长调节剂中的应用。
优选地,在作为烟草生长调节剂中的应用。
优选地,在调节烟草株高、茎直径、叶片数、鲜重和干重中任意一项或两项以上中的应用。
本发明的另一目的是提供所述的浅囊状栓菌SICAU-T41在降解纤维素中的应用。
优选地,在降解水稻和/或玉米秸秆中的应用。
本发明的另一目的是提供所述的浅囊状栓菌SICAU-T41在降解无机磷中的应用。
本发明的另一目的是提供所述的浅囊状栓菌SICAU-T41在防治作物病害的药物中的应用,在防治番茄早疫病菌、黄瓜晚疫病菌、金黄色葡萄球菌引起的植物病害中的应用。
本发明的浅囊状栓菌SICAU-T41及其应用,解决了化肥及农药对环境污染的问题,具有以下优点:
本发明以烤烟根际土为分离材料,进行高效PGPR内生真菌的分离筛选和鉴定,筛选出了菌株SICAU-T41,该菌株为浅囊状栓菌(Trametesgibbosa),该菌株的IAA产量为40.6mg·L-1,能够同时抑制番茄早疫病菌、黄瓜晚疫病菌和金黄色葡萄球菌3种病原菌,纤维素溶解圈为2.20±0.43cm,对水稻、玉米秸秆都表现出了降解效果,无机磷溶解圈为2.74±0.65cm,而且还能提高烟苗的叶片数、茎粗、株高、鲜重和干重,可以用于生物有机肥的研发,对于种植业化肥减施增效具有重要价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明菌株SICAU-T41在盆栽试验中对烤烟苗期素质的影响结果。
图2为本发明菌株SICAU-T41的代谢产物正离子流图。
图3为本发明菌株SICAU-T41的代谢产物负离子流图。
图4为本发明菌株SICAU-T41的代谢产物代谢物质相对含量热图。
注:图1中,SICAU-T41为接种本菌株的烟苗,CK为不接种本菌株的烟苗。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实验例1菌株分离与鉴定
1、菌株来源
本实验例样品取于凉山州彝族自治区会理市龙河村的烤烟土壤。五点法随机采集根际土,装入灭菌密封塑料袋,贴上标签,带回实验室保存。
2、土壤真菌的分离
以凉山州烤烟根际土为材料,通过马丁氏培养基进行植物根际促生菌的选择性培养和纯培养。将烤烟根际土2g放入50mL马铃薯液体培养基中,于30℃,180r/min旋转振荡培养48h,再将土壤培养液200μL涂布于马铃薯培养基上培养,待长出明显真菌菌落后,根据菌落大小、形态和色泽等表观特征挑取菌丝并进行纯化,共分离得到120株菌株。
3、菌株SICAU-T41的鉴定
用真菌基因组提取试剂盒对菌株SICAU-T41进行真菌DNA提取,稀释10倍作为PCR反应的模板进行真菌ITS扩增,扩增引物为ITS1(5′-TCCGT AGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′)和ITS4(5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′),然后将扩增产物回收并进行测序,ITS基因序列的NCBI基因登录号为ON597379。
基于以上特征,将菌株SICAU-T41(Tirametes gibbosa T-41)鉴定为浅囊状栓菌(Trametesgibbosa)。该菌株已于2022年5月23日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心(CCTCC),地址:湖北省武汉市武昌区八一路299号武汉大学校内,保藏号为CCTCC NO:M2022701。
菌株SICAU-T41的菌落为白色绒毛状,菌落质地棉絮状,基部菌丝白色,后变为灰褐色,反面无色;孢子偏椭圆形,无色,光滑,孢子大小为4~6μm×2~3μm。
实验例2产吲哚乙酸(IAA)测定
将实验例1分离得到的120株菌株接种到金氏B培养基(蛋白胨20g,K2HPO41.5g,MgSO41.5g,色氨酸0.1g,甘油15mL,H2O 1000mL)中培养到对数期,在28℃180r/min振荡培养3天,取50μL于洗净的白瓷板中,加50μL Salkowski比色剂(FeCl31.2 g,42.79ml H2SO4,加水定容至100mL),37℃下避光30min,如果出现粉红色,表明产生IAA,以没有接菌的金氏培养基为对照。
将金氏B培养基中培养的菌株,在8000r/min离心5min,取上清液5mL加入5mLSalkowski显色剂,28℃下避光30min后,530nm下测定吸光度值。以空白培养基作对照,并以IAA的标准样品对应的光密度做标准曲线,计算IAA的产量(mg/L),不同菌株的IAA产生量见表1。
表1产IAA能力
共从分离材料中获得分离得到78株表型和菌落大小各不相同的霉菌菌株,并对其进行产IAA测定(表1),烤烟根际土中部分真菌具有IAA产生能力,其中IAA产量高于30mg·L-1的菌株有22株,占分离总菌株数的28.2%,IAA产量高于40mg·L-1的菌株有12株,占15.4%。菌株SICAU-T41的IAA产量为40.6mg·L-1。
实验例3抗菌活性测定
采用平板对峙法测定了上述78株分离菌株对番茄早疫病菌(Afternaria solani(Ell.etMart).Joneset Grout)、黄瓜晚疫病菌(Phytophthora infestans)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach)和大肠杆菌(Staphylococcus aureusRosenbach)等4种指示菌的拮抗效果。测定抑菌圈直径(HD)与菌落直径(CD),通过计算HD/CD的比值来筛选出有抑菌效果的菌株,具体如表2。
表2抑菌能力
注:表中,1为番茄早疫病菌(Afternariasolani(Ell.etMart).JonesetGrout);2为黄瓜晚疫病菌(Phytophthora infestans);3为金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus Rosenbach);4为大肠杆菌(Staphylococcus aureusRosenbach);++表示HD/CD值介于2-3;+表示HD/CD值介于1–2;-表示HD/CD值小于1。
由表2可知,15株对番茄早疫病菌有拮抗效果,13株对黄瓜晚疫病菌有拮抗作用,13株对金黄色葡萄球菌有拮抗效果,11株对大肠杆菌有拮抗效果。能同时抑制2种病原菌以上有9株占分离总数的11.5%,能同时抑制3种病原菌以上有2株占分离总数的2.56%,其中SICAU-T41菌株能够同时抑制番茄早疫病菌、黄瓜晚疫病菌和金黄色葡萄球菌3种病原菌。
实验例4纤维素降解能力
将分离得到的78株菌株接种到CMC培养基上,28℃培养3天,测定纤维素溶解圈的大小,不同菌株的溶解圈大小见表3。
表3纤维素酶活能力
注:nd:notdetected,为该活性未检测到。
由表3可知,78株菌中有14株具有纤维素降解酶活,纤维素降解圈大于2cm的菌株有5株,占分离总菌株的6.41%。其中菌株SICAU-T41溶解圈为2.20±0.43cm。
实验例5秸秆降解能力
基于实验例4中的结果,将具有纤维素降解酶活的菌株接种于装有15g水稻和玉米秸秆的250mL三角瓶中(内含150mL赫奇逊氏无机盐培养液,赫奇逊氏无机盐培养液成分为:0.5g KH2PO4、0.05g NaCl、0.15g MgSO4·7H2O、1.25g NaNO3、0.005g FeCl3、0.05g CaCl2和500mL蒸馏水,pH值7.2左右),28℃摇床培养3天(转速80r/min),秸秆残渣于80℃烘干至恒重后称重,计算秸秆降解率,结果见表4。
表4秸秆降解率(%)
注:nd:notdetected,为该活性未检测到。
由表4可知,16株菌中有10株具有水稻秸秆降解能力,8株对玉米秸秆有降解能力。对2种秸秆均具有降级能力的菌株有7株。菌株SICAU-T41对2种秸秆都表现出了降解效果。
实验例6无机磷降解能力
将分离得到的78株菌株接种到PVK液体培养基中,28℃培养3天,测定无机磷溶解圈的大小,不同菌株的溶解圈大小见表5。
表5无机磷降解能力
注:nd:notdetected,为该活性未检测到。
由表5可知,78株菌中有32株具有降解无机磷的能力,占分离总菌株的41.0%。其中,菌株SICAU-T41溶解圈为2.74±0.65cm。
实验例7 SICAU-T41的代谢产物研究
1.次生代谢物分离纯化
将分离得到菌株SICAU-T41接种到PDB液体培养基中,在28℃、180r/min的黑暗条件下恒温摇床中培养,培养72h后,纱布过滤菌丝,保留发酵液。
将上述发酵液加入10倍体积的于4℃预冷的90%甲醇(即100mg样本加入1mL 90%甲醇),匀浆,干燥。乙醇水溶液处理后取上清液进样分析。用Agilent 1290lnfinity LC系统进行色谱分析,全程4℃自动进样。采用正、负离子双模式进行质谱鉴定。原始数据经Proteo Wizard转换成mz ML格式,然后经XCMS和SIMCA-P 14.1软件处理得到数据,数据经Pareto-scaling预处理后,分别进行单维和多维统计分析。
2.代谢产物结果
以阈值VIP>1和P<0.05为条件,对鉴定的代谢物进行筛选,得到52种差异代谢物(参见图2),排名前10种代谢物见图3,分别为香柑醇(Be rgaptol)、乙酰水杨酸(Acetylsalicylic acid)、麦芽糖(Maltose)、L-焦谷氨酸(L-pyroglutamic acid)、甘油磷酰胆碱(Glycerophosphocholine)、葡萄糖(Glucose)、柠檬酸盐(Citrate)、腺嘌呤(Adenine)、黑霉糖(Nig erose)和葫芦巴碱(Trigonelline)。
实验例8PGPR性能的盆栽验证
基于上述实验例测定结果,将具有抗病促生功能的真菌SICAU-T41活化后接种于PDB液体培养基中,在28℃、180r/min的恒温摇床中培养,培养72h后,作为种子液以1:1比例接种PDB液体培养基,然后于28℃、180r/min的恒温摇床中震荡培养108h,使成为1×108cfu/mL的菌悬液,取出备用。
将长势一致的烟苗种植于花盆中,每个花盆中的土样为2.5kg,土壤为采集自凉山州烟区的紫色土。采用浇灌的方式将菌株SICAU-T41菌剂接种于烟苗根部。每星期重复加一次孢子菌悬液(1×108cfu/mL),每次40mL,总共浇灌2次,以无菌水作对照(CK)。30d后测定植株生长情况(如叶片数、茎粗、株高、鲜重和干重),结果见表6和附图1。
表6菌株SICAU-T41对烟苗种子生长的影响
从表6和附图1,可以看出,根据IAA产量和溶磷能力选择了SICAU-T41做了盆栽实验(地点四川农业大学教学农场),用菌处理的植株较CK有明显效果,具体各方面数据见表6。施加SICAU-T41菌株的烟苗植株的株高、茎直径、鲜重、干重均显著增加,增幅分别达到20.9%、37.5%、62.7%、22.3%。
综上所述,本发明综合评价烤烟根际土促生真菌的产IAA能力、抗植物病原真菌特性、加速作物秸秆降解、促进植物生长和溶磷能力,选择出了菌株SICAU-T41来申请菌株,SICAU-T41菌株可以促进植物的生长,抑制植物病原真菌,降解作物秸秆,提高烟苗的叶片数、茎粗、株高、鲜重和干重,溶解土壤无机磷。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍,但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后,对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此,本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。
Claims (9)
1.浅囊状栓菌(Trametesgibbosa)SICAU-T41,其特征在于,该菌株已于2022年5月23日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCCNO:M2022701,地址:湖北省武汉市武昌区八一路299号武汉大学。
2.如权利要求1所述的浅囊状栓菌SICAU-T41在作为植物生长调节剂中的应用。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,在作为烟草生长调节剂中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,在调节烟草株高、茎直径、叶片数、鲜重和干重中任意一项或两项以上中的应用。
5.如权利要求1所述的浅囊状栓菌SICAU-T41在生物有机肥中的应用。
6.如权利要求1所述的浅囊状栓菌SICAU-T41在降解纤维素中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,在降解水稻和/或玉米秸秆中的应用。
8.如权利要求1所述的浅囊状栓菌SICAU-T41在降解无机磷中的应用。
9.如权利要求1所述的浅囊状栓菌SICAU-T41在防治作物病害的药物中的应用,其特征在于,在防治番茄早疫病菌、黄瓜晚疫病菌、金黄色葡萄球菌引起的植物病害中的应用。
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