CN116731091A - 具有脂肪酶抑制活性的酰基他定类化合物、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
具有脂肪酶抑制活性的酰基他定类化合物、其制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供具有脂肪酶抑制活性的酰基他定类化合物及制备方法,以及该类脂肪酶抑制剂在控制体重和治疗肥胖症中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,更具体地,本发明涉及具有脂肪酶抑制活性的酰基他定类化合物及制备方法,以及该类脂肪酶抑制剂在防治肥胖病和由肥胖诱发的2型糖尿病、癌症等疾病方面的应用。
背景技术
体重指数(BMI)大于30kg/m2或超过标准体重20%,称为肥胖。它是能量摄入多于代谢消耗所致的体内脂肪迅速累积的慢性疾病。研究证明,肥胖会损害人体的器官及系统,是诱发2型糖尿病、高血压、心血管疾病和癌症等多种疾病的危险因素。近年来,由于高热量物质的过多摄入和体育锻炼的缺乏,超重人群的数量急剧增长。
目前,用于治疗肥胖的常用药物包括奥利司他、利拉鲁肽、盐酸芬特明/ 托吡酯、氯卡色林和纳曲酮/安非他酮组合剂等。虽然这些药物能在一定程度上降低肥胖者的体重,减少其他疾病的患病风险,但其不良反应制约着它们的临床应用。例如,奥利司他和利拉鲁肽都会引起不适的胃肠道反应。而且,长期服用奥利司他会损害肝脏,增加结肠癌的发病率。盐酸芬特明最严重的不良反应是冠状动脉痉挛,会引起出血性和缺血性中风。氯卡色林最常见的副作用是头痛,而纳曲酮/安非他酮组合剂主要有头痛头晕、恶心呕吐、腹泻、便秘和失眠等不良反应。
所以,本领域仍需高效低毒的新型候选化合物,为减肥药的研发提供科学依据,满足超重人群健康减肥的需求,并降低由肥胖所致的其他疾病的患病风险。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供具有脂肪酶抑制活性的酰基他定类化合物及制备方法,以及该类脂肪酶抑制剂在控制体重和治疗肥胖症中的应用。
在本发明的第一方面,提供式(I)所示化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐或酯、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体,
其中,n为1~5的正整数;
m、p或t独立地为0~10的正整数;
R1~R9各自独立选自:-O-Z、羟基、H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4链烯基、C2-C4 链炔基、卤素;其中,Z为C2-C8酰基;并且,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、 R7、R8、R9中的至少一个为-O-Z(优选1~5个,更有选1、2、3或4个);
R1’~R9’,R1”~R9”,Ra,Rb各自独立地选自:羟基、H、C1-C4 烷基、C2-C4链烯基、C2-C4链炔基、卤素;
Y2、Y3、Y4、Y6、Y8、Y9各自独立地选自:氧、氨基、硫;
X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X8、X9各自独立地选自:氧、硫。
在一个或多个实施方案中,n为1,2或3。
在一个或多个实施方案中,m为0~6的正整数,如0、1、2、3、4、5、 6,优选2、3、4、5。
在一个或多个实施方案中,p为0~6的正整数,如0、1、2、3、4、5、6,优选0、1、2、3。
在一个或多个实施方案中,t为0~6的正整数,如0、1、2、3、4、5、6,优选0、1、2、3。
在一个或多个实施方案中,m为2,n为1,p为0或1,t为0。优选地, m为2,n为1,p为1,t为0。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述的酰基包含2~8个碳原子;优选包含2~6个碳原子,如为2,3,4,5个碳原子;更优选地,所述的酰基包括:乙酰基,丙酰基,丁酰基,戊酰基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述的酰基为经取代或未经取代的酰基。所述取代基选自羟基、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4链烯基、C2-C4链炔基、卤素。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述-O-Z在R3位。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述的R1~R9中其余基团、R1’~R9’、R1”~ R9”、Ra、Rb各自独立地选自:羟基、H、C1-C2烷基、C2-C3链烯基、C2-C3 链炔基、卤素。
在一个或多个实施方案中,R2和R8是C1-C2烷基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,R1、R4、R5-R7和R9各自独立地选自羟基、 H、C1-C2烷基,优选羟基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,R1’~R9’、R1”~R9”、Ra、Rb各自独立地选自羟基、H、C1-C2烷基,优选羟基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,X2~X6、X8、X9为氧。
在一个或多个实施方案中,Y2~Y4、Y6、Y8、Y9为氧。
在一个或多个实施方案中,Z选自甲酰基、异丁酰基、未取代的正丁酰基、取代的2-丁酰基,所述取代基选自羟基、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4链烯基、C2-C4 链炔基、卤素。
在一个或多个实施方案中,Z选自异丁酰基和C1-C4烷基取代或未取代的 2-丁酰基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述式(I)化合物选自:
本发明还提供一种制备所述式(I)化合物的方法,包括:培养海洋链霉菌 HO1518,和从其培养产物分离所述的式(I)化合物。优选地,所述培养产物是培养上清液。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述分离包括对培养产物进行纯化,从不同的洗脱液中,分离不同的式(I)化合物。所述纯化优选梯度洗脱。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述海洋链霉菌HO1518是保藏号为CCTCC NO:M2018176的海洋链霉菌HO 1518。
本发明还提供一种组合物,包含本文所述的式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐或酯、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体,和药学上或食品中可接受的辅料。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述组合物可以含有作为药品或食品需要的其他成分。例如可以含有蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物、食物纤维和维生素等。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述组合物选自日化用品、食品、保健品、药物组合物。
本发明还提供一种试剂盒,含本文所述的式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐或酯、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体,或本文所述的组合物,和任选的使用或施用它们所需的其他试剂,和任选的说明书。
本发明还提供本文所述式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐或酯、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体在制备抑制脂肪酶活性,控制体重,改善脂肪利用,或预防、缓解或治疗受益于脂肪吸收降低的疾病或病症的产品中的用途。
在一个或多个实施方案中,受益于脂肪吸收降低的疾病或病症包括:高血脂症、肥胖症、或脂肪堆积性脂质代谢疾病。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述脂肪酶选自动物性脂肪酶、植物性脂肪酶、微生物性脂肪酶。在一个或多个实施方案中,所述脂肪酶是动物性脂肪酶,优选胰脂肪酶。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述产品包括日化用品、食品、保健品、药物组合物或试剂盒。
本发明还提供一种抑制脂肪酶活性的方法,包括:使本文所述式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐或酯、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体与含脂肪酶的样品接触,从而抑制脂肪酶的活性。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述的抑制脂肪酶活性的方法为非诊断或治疗性的方法。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述脂肪酶选自动物性脂肪酶、植物性脂肪酶、微生物性脂肪酶。在一个或多个实施方案中,所述脂肪酶是动物性脂肪酶,优选胰脂肪酶。
本发明还提供一种控制体重,改善脂肪利用,或预防、缓解或治疗受益于脂肪吸收降低的疾病或病症的方法,包括:给予有需要的对象有效量的本文所述式(I)所示化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐或酯、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体。
本发明还提供保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2018176的海洋链霉菌HO 1518或其培养物的用途,用于产生本文所述式(I)所示化合物。
本发明还提供一种提高氨基寡糖类化合物对于脂肪酶的抑制活性的方法,包括:在氨基寡糖类化合物加上至少一个酰基基团。
附图说明
图1A,酰基他定新化合物2-5的裂解方式图。
图1B,化合物2的HRESIMS/MS图谱。
图1C,化合物3的HRESIMS/MS图谱。
图1D,化合物4的HRESIMS/MS图谱。
图1E,化合物5的HRESIMS/MS图谱。
图2A,酰基他定新化合物6-8的裂解方式图。
图2B,化合物6的HRESIMS/MS图谱。
图2C,化合物7的HRESIMS/MS图谱。
图2D,化合物8的HRESIMS/MS图谱。
图3,酰基他定新化合物对胰脂肪酶的抑制作用。
图4,海洋链霉菌Streptomyces sp.HO1518中阿卡他啶家族化合物的结构通式.(A)Aca-glu型;(B)glu-Aca-glu型;(C)incAca-glu型.
具体实施方式
应理解,在本发明范围中,本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例) 中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成优选的技术方案。
本发明首次揭示一类新型的酰基他定类化合物,并发现酰基他定类化合物具有高效的脂肪酶抑制活性。
上述酰基他定类化合物具有式(I)所示化合物,
其中,n为1~5的正整数;m、p或t独立地为0~10的正整数;R1~R9 中至少一个基团(如1~5个基团,更特别如1,2,3,4个)为-O-Z,所述Z 为酰基;R1~R9中其余基团各自独立地选自:羟基、H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4 链烯基、C2-C4链炔基、卤素;R1’~R9’,R1”~R9”,Ra,Rb各自独立地选自:羟基、H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4链烯基、C2-C4链炔基、卤素;Y2~Y4、 Y6、Y8、Y9各自独立地选自:氧、氨基、硫;X2~X6、X8、X9各自独立地选自:氧、硫。在一个或多个实施方案中,-O-Z在R3位,Z选自异丁酰基和 C1-C4烷基取代或未取代的2-丁酰基,R2和R8是C1-C2烷基,R1、R4、R5-R7 和R9各自独立地选自羟基、H、C1-C2烷基,R1’~R9’、R1”~R9”、Ra、Rb各自独立地选自羟基、H、C1-C2烷基,X2~X6、X8、X9、Y2~Y4、Y6、Y8、Y9为氧。
本发明人在对海洋链霉菌菌株HO 1518中化合物的研究中,通过改进分析手段,利用高分辨液质联用技术(LC-MS/MS),首次预测并发现了一系列阿卡他定家族化合物(式(I)所示的化合物)的结构,并对其进行了深入的研究,意外地发现,其具有高效的脂肪酶抑制活性,在此基础上,完成了本发明。
本发明还包括上述式(I)化合物的其药学上或食品中可接受的盐、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体,只要它们也具有与式(I)化合物具有相同或基本相同的功能。
如本文所用,术语“烷基”单独或与其它术语组合使用,是指饱和脂肪族烷基,包括1-20个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。优选地,烷基是指含有1-10个碳原子的中等烷基,如甲基、乙基、丙基、2-异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基及类似烷基。更优选地,是指含有1-4个碳原子的低级烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、2-异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基及类似烷基。烷基可以被取代也可不被取代。当被取代时,取代基个数为1个或多个,优选1-3个,更优选1个或2个,取代基团独立地选自包括卤素、羟基、低级烷氧基、芳基。
本文所用的术语“链烯基”包括含有至少一个碳碳双键和2-4个碳原子(较佳地2-3个碳原子)的直链和支链烃基。
本文所用的术语“链炔基”包括含有至少一个碳碳三键和2-4个碳原子(较佳地2-3个碳原子)的直链和支链烃基。
本文所用的术语“卤素”指F、Cl、Br、或I。
如本文所用,术语“取代”,是指一个化合物具有取代基,该取代基至少包含一个带有一个或多个氢原子的碳原子、氮原子、氧原子或硫原子。如果一个取代基被描述为被“取代”,是指一个非氢取代基占据了一个碳、氮、氧、或硫上的一个氢的位置。本发明中,所述的烷基、链烯基、链炔基可被取代;例如,取代或未取代的烷基,取代或未取代的链烯基,取代或未取代的链炔基。除非另有定义,否则经取代的基团在一个或多个适当位置具有取代基,且当超过一个位置经取代时,每一取代位置的取代基可为相同或不同。所述的经取代的酰基的取代基包括:羟基、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4链烯基、C2-C4链炔基、卤素。
本文所用的术语“异构体”包括:几何异构体、对映异构体、非对映异构体(如顺反异构体,构象异构体)。本发明公开的化合物或其盐可以包括一个或多个非对称中心,因此会存在对映异构体、非对映异构体以及其它可以被定义的立体异构体形式,根据立体化学可分为(R)-或(S)-、用于氨基酸的(D) -或(L)-。本发明意为包括所有这些可能的异构体,以及外消旋形式和光学纯形式。光学活性的(+)和(-)、(R)-和(S)-或(D)-和(L)-异构体可以通过手性合成子或手性试剂制备,或用通常的技术如使用手性柱的高效液相来分离制备。当本发明所述的化合物含有烯族双键或其它几何不对称中心时,除非另有说明,则其意为该化合物包括E和Z几何异构体。同样地,所有的互变异构体也包括在内。
如本文所用,在通式中省略号“……”的表示方法是本领域人员熟知的,其表示存在任意、一个或多个省略的单元该单元与“……”之前的单元在结构上相同或相应。
本发明中,“食品中或药学上可接受的”成分是适用于人和/或动物而无过度不良副反应(如毒性、刺激和变态反应)即有合理的效益/风险比的物质。
本文所述“食品中或药学上可接受的盐”包括酸式盐和碱式盐。
“药学上可接受的酸式盐”是指可保持游离碱的生物活性和性质的盐,该类盐不会出现不理想的生物活性或其它方面的变化。该类盐可由无机酸构成,例如但不限于盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸及类似的酸。该类盐还可由有机酸构成,例如但不限于乙酸、二氯乙酸、己二酸、褐藻酸、抗坏血酸、天冬氨酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、4-乙酰氨基苯甲酸、樟脑酸、樟脑磺酸、癸酸、己酸、辛酸、碳酸、肉桂酸、柠檬酸、环拉酸、十二烷基磺酸、1,2-乙二磺酸、乙烷磺酸、羟乙基磺酸、蚁酸、延胡索酸(fiimaric acid)、半乳糖二酸、龙胆酸、葡庚糖酸、葡萄糖酸、葡糖醛酸、谷氨酸、戊二酸、2-氧代戊二酸、甘油磷酸、羟基乙酸、马尿酸、异丁酸、乳酸、乳糖酸、月桂酸、顺丁烯二酸、苹果酸、丙二酸、苦杏仁酸、甲烷磺酸、粘酸、萘-1,5-二磺酸、2-萘磺酸、1-萘酚-2-甲酸、烟酸、油酸、乳清酸、草酸、棕榈酸、双羟萘酸、丙酸、焦谷氨酸、丙酮酸、水杨酸、4-氨基水杨酸、癸二酸、硬脂酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、硫氰酸、对甲苯磺酸、三氟乙酸、十一烯酸及类似酸。
“药学上可接受的碱式盐”是指可保持游离酸的生物活性和性质的盐,该类盐不会出现不理想的生物活性或其它方面的变化。这些盐通过向游离酸中加入无机碱或有机碱制成。通过无机碱得到的盐包括但不限于钠盐、钾盐、锂盐、铵盐、钙盐、镁盐、铁盐、锌盐、铜盐、锰盐、铝盐及类似盐。优选的无机盐为铵盐、钠盐、钾盐、钙盐以及镁盐。通过有机碱得到的盐包括但不限于一级、二级、三级铵盐,取代的胺包括天然取代的胺、环胺以及碱性离子交换树脂,例如氨气、异丙胺、三甲胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、三丙胺、二乙醇胺、乙醇胺、丹醇、2-二甲氨基乙醇、2-二乙氨基乙醇、二环己胺、赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、咖啡因、普鲁卡因、哈胺、胆碱、甜菜碱、苯乙苄胺、N,N'-双苄基乙撑二胺、乙二胺、葡萄糖胺、甲葡糖胺、可可碱、三乙醇胺、缓血酸胺、嘌呤、哌嗪、哌啶、N-乙基哌啶、聚酰胺树脂以及类似结构。优选的有机碱为异丙胺、二乙胺、乙醇胺、三甲胺、二环己胺、胆碱和咖啡因。
通常结晶会产生所公开化合物的溶剂化产物。当在本文中使用时,术语“溶剂化物”是指一种包含了一种或多种本专利公开的化合物分子与一种或多种溶剂分子的聚合物。溶剂可能是水,此时溶剂化物可能是水合物。可选地,溶剂还可能是有机溶剂。因此,本专利公开的化合物可以作为水合物存在,包括单水合物、二水合物、半水合物、倍半水合物、三水合物、四水合物及类似结构,还可作为相应的溶剂化产物存在。本发明公开的化合物可以是真正的溶剂化物,而在其它情况下,本发明公开的化合物也可以是仅保有一部分水,或者是保有水与一些溶剂的混合物。
所述的“化合物的前体”指当用适当的方法服用后,该化合物的前体在病人体内进行代谢或化学反应而转变成结构式(I)的一种化合物,或化学结构式(I) 的一个化合物所组成的盐或溶液。
本发明中,术语“含有”表示各种成分可一起应用于本发明的混合物或组合物中。因此,术语“主要由...组成”和“由...组成”包含在术语“含有”中。
制备方法
本领域人员应理解,在得知了本发明化合物的结构以后,可通过多种本领域熟知的方法、利用公知的原料,来获得本发明的化合物,比如化学合成或从生物(如微生物,特别是海洋链霉菌)中提取的方法,这些方法均包含在本发明中。
作为本发明的优选方式,提供了一种制备本发明的式(I)所示的化合物的方法,所述方法包括:培养海洋链霉菌HO 1518,获得培养产物(较佳地为培养上清液),从中分离获得所述的式(I)化合物。之后,包括对培养产物进行纯化,从不同的洗脱液中,分离不同的式(I)化合物。产物的收集、纯化本领域周知,例如可以采用树脂吸附和洗脱法。
其它的制备式(I)化合物的方法也被包含在本发明中,例如通过化学合成的方法将糖单元相连。合成的化合物可以进一步通过柱层析法、高效液相色谱法等方式进一步纯化。
组合物
本发明还提供一种组合物,包含本文所述的式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体,和药学上或食品中可接受的辅料。所述组合物可以是食品、保健品、药物组合物。
本发明中,“食品中或药学上可接受的辅料”是用于将本发明的式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体传送给动物或人的药学上或食品上可接受的载体、溶剂、悬浮剂或赋形剂。辅料可以是液体或固体,包括但不限于:pH调节剂,表面活性剂,碳水化合物,佐剂,抗氧化剂,螯合剂,离子强度增强剂、防腐剂、载剂、助流剂、甜味剂、染料/着色剂、增味剂、润湿剂、分散剂、悬浮剂、稳定剂、等渗剂、溶剂或乳化剂。在一些实施方案中,药学上可接受的辅料可以包括一种或多种非活性成分,包括但不限于:稳定剂、防腐剂、添加剂、佐剂、喷雾剂、压缩空气或其它适宜的气体,或其它适宜的与药效化合物合用的非活性成分。更具体而言,合适的辅料可以是本领域常用于植物提取成分或核酸给药的辅料。
通常,组合物中含有治疗有效量的本文所述试剂。治疗有效量是指可在受试者中实现治疗、预防、减轻和/或缓解疾病或病症的剂量。可根据患者年龄、性别、所患病症及其严重程度、患者的其它身体状况等因素确定治疗有效量。治疗有效量可作为单一剂量施用,或者可依据有效的治疗方案在多个剂量中给药。本文中,受试者或患者通常指哺乳动物,尤其指人。示例性地,所述组合物含有按照重量比例为例如0.001-50%,优选0.01-30%,更优选0.05-10%的式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体。
本文所述组合物可与其他控制体重或治疗受益于脂肪吸收降低的试剂联用。本领域技术人员可确定其他试剂的给药剂量。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述组合物还可以含有蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物、食物纤维和维生素等。蛋白质例如乳蛋白(全乳蛋白、酪蛋白钠、酪蛋白钙等)及其水解物、其他动物性蛋白(卵蛋白、明胶等)及其水解物、以及植物性蛋白(大豆等)及其水解物。本发明的组合物可以含有蛋白质作为主要成分。总蛋白质含量可以适当决定,如果目的是摄取每日必需摄取量的1/3,则优选 13~30g/400ml左右。维生素也可以添加维生素A、B1、B2、B6、B12、C、 D、E、K2、烟酸、泛酸、叶酸等,可以单独添加也可以混合。本发明的组合物还可以含有干燥酵母(例如啤酒酵母、面包酵母等)。
本发明所述的组合物的剂型可以是多种多样的,只要是能够使活性成分有效地到达哺乳动物机体的剂型都是可以的,可以被制成单位剂型的形式。剂型比如可选自:凝胶剂、气雾剂、片剂、胶囊、粉末、颗粒、糖浆、溶液、悬浮液、注射剂、散剂、丸剂、控速释剂、输液剂、混悬剂等等。根据本发明的化合物所治疗的疾病类型,本领域人员可以选择方便应用的剂型。从易于制备和储存的立场看,优选的组合物是固态组合物,尤其是片剂和固体填充或液体填充的胶囊。本发明的化合物或其组合物也可储存在适宜于注射或滴注的消毒器具中。本发明的化合物或其组合物也可储存在适当的容器,并置于试剂盒或药盒中。
所述组合物还可以是日化用品,例如洗发水、沐浴露、化妆品、洗衣粉等。
方法和用途
本发明人在研究中发现,式(I)所示的化合物具有高效的抑制脂肪酶的作用,因此其是良好的脂肪酶抑制剂。作为脂肪酶抑制剂,该化合物可以控制体重,改善脂肪利用,或预防、缓解或治疗受益于脂肪吸收降低的疾病或病症。本文所述“受益于脂肪吸收降低的疾病或病症”通常指因生物体吸收脂肪过度而在器官、组织或细胞中堆积脂肪而引起的疾病、紊乱或症状,例如高血脂症、肥胖症、肥胖型2型糖尿病及因肥胖诱发的癌症(如肝癌、胰腺癌、结直肠癌、卵巢癌等)、心血管疾病(冠心病、高血压、心力衰竭等)等。肥胖是2 型糖尿病人的常见并发症,它会显著增加患者胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞负荷,降低机体对葡萄糖的代谢能力,导致血糖进一步升高,严重影响糖尿病人的生活质量。同时,超重还是诱发癌症、心血管疾病等病的重要危险因素,使糖尿病人的身体变得更加虚弱,严重影响其健康。本发明中的化合物抑制胃肠道中的脂肪酶活性,阻止食物中脂肪的降解,将未分解的脂肪酶排出体外,减少脂肪的摄入量,从而控制或减轻病人的体重,改善病人的身体状况。
因此,在非诊断或治疗性方面,本发明提供一种抑制脂肪酶活性的方法,包括:使本文所述式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体与含脂肪酶的样品接触,从而抑制脂肪酶的活性。此外,本发明还提供一种控制体重,改善脂肪利用,或预防、缓解或治疗受益于脂肪吸收降低的疾病或病症的方法,包括:给予有需要的对象有效量的本文所述式(I)所示化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体。
具体而言,“有效量”指的是对人或者动物能够产生治疗功能的,并且能够被动物和人所接受的注射量。例如,在液体的组合药物中,多肽的浓度可以是20ng/mL以上、50ng/mL、100ng/mL以上等。该有效量可随给药的模式和待治疗的疾病的严重程度而变化。可调节剂量方案以提供最佳治疗应答。例如,由治疗状况的迫切要求,可每天给予若干次分开的剂量,或将剂量按比例地减少。
本发明中化合物的给药方式可以包括但是并不限制于皮下注射、经皮注射、植入、局部给药、肌肉注射、缓释给药和口服等。本领域技术人员知晓在不同给药方式、剂量、给药部位等情况下将药物给予对象所需的其他试剂。例如敷料、溶剂(如水)等。
实施上述方法的试剂盒包含本文所述式(I)所示化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体,或本文所述的组合物,和任选的施用它们所需的其他物品,和任选的说明书。所述其他物品例如使用或施用各种剂型的组合物所需的量具、容器例如注射器等。所述说明书用于指导所述使用或施用过程。因此,本发明还提供本文所述式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体在制备抑制脂肪酶活性,控制体重,改善脂肪利用,或预防、缓解或治疗受益于脂肪吸收降低的疾病或病症的产品中的用途。所述产品可以是日化用品、食品、保健品、药物组合物或试剂盒。
本发明通过参考以下实验实施例进一步详细地进行描述。这些实施例仅出于说明性的目的提供,并不意欲为限制性的,除非另有规定。因此,本发明决不应被解释为限于以下实施例,而是应被解释为包括由于本文提供的教导变得显而易见的任何和全部的变化。实施例中所用的方法和试剂,除非另有说明,否则为本领域常规的方法和试剂。
菌种保藏
本发明的菌种链霉菌HO 1518Streptomyces sp.HO1518(与保藏名称相同) 已于2018年04月03日保藏在中国典型培养物保藏中心(CCTCC),地址中国武汉市武汉大学,保藏号:CCTCC NO:M 2018176。
实施例
实施例1,利用高分辨液质联用技术(LC-MS/MS)对海洋链霉菌菌株 HO 1518中阿卡他定家族化合物进行全局预测
接种适量HO 1518种子液于10ml Pharmamedia液体培养基中,3个平行, 28℃,200rpm发酵培养7天,离心弃菌体,收集上清液;上清液经大孔树脂 XAD-16吸附柱层析,以95%乙醇洗脱,获得HO1518总提取物,利用LC-MS/MS 液-质联用技术,对HO 1518菌株进行代谢组学分析,根据阿卡他定家族化合物的质谱裂解规律,最终预测出98个阿卡他啶家族化合物,结构详见图4和表5。
表5从海洋链霉菌Streptomyces sp.HO1518中预测阿卡他啶家族化合物
Aca,acarviostatin;Ac,acetyl;Hac,hydroxyacetyl;Pr,propionyl;Hpr,hydroxypropionyl;Bu,butyryl;isoBu, isobutyryl;Hbu,hydroxybutyryl;Mbu,2-methyl-butyryl;isoVa,isovaleryl;Hva,hydroxyvaleryl;He,hexanoyl; Hhe,hydroxyhexanoyl;diHva,dihydroxyvaleryl.Acarviostatins,marked with“-”inRef.column,are potential new compounds.
实施例2、菌株的发酵培养及化合物的制备
海洋链霉菌菌株HO 1518于2010年采自中国山东日照附近50-100m深海域的海洋沉积物,其在中国典型培养物保藏中心的保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2018176HO 1518。
向500mL锥形瓶中添加100mL 3%TSB溶液(购自美国BD公司),121℃高压蒸汽灭菌20min,冷却至室温,接种链霉菌HO 1518斜面孢子,置于28℃, 250rpm的恒温摇床中,培养48h,作为种子液。
精密称量以下无机盐(g/L):NaCl 24.4770,Na2SO4 3.9170,KCl 0.664,SrCl2.6H2O 0.0404,MgCl2.6H2O 4.981,CaCl2 0.9482,NaHCO3 0.192,H3BO3 0.026,NaF0.004,用自来水溶解并定容至一定体积,配制人工海水;精密称取微量元素金属盐(g/L):MnCl2 0.389,NiSO4.6H2O 0.056,LiCl 0.028,K2Cr2O7 0.15,Na2EDTA 1.00,FeCl3.6H2O2.00,AlCl3 0.05,CuCl2 0.02,CoCl2.6H2O 0.005, ZnCl2 0.06,Na2MoO4.2H2O 0.074,KI0.08,BaCl2.2H2O 0.05,使用自来水定容至相应体积,配制微量元素溶液。使用人工海水配制PH培养基(Pharmamedia 粉末1%,可溶性淀粉1%,葡萄糖1.2%,玉米浆干粉0.5%),调节PH为7.2,向2L锥形瓶中添加400mL PH培养基(内含400μL微量元素溶液),121℃高压灭菌20min,冷却后接种HO 1518种子液,置于28℃,200rpm的发酵罐中培养7天,总共发酵35L。
将菌株HO1518发酵液高速离心,收集上清液;利用大孔树脂XAD-16吸附上清液中的代谢产物,获得HO1518粗提物。粗提物经C18反相硅胶柱层析,使用不同浓度的甲醇/水(5:95→100:0)梯度洗脱,分为6个馏分(Fr.1-Fr.6)。
我们对馏分Fr.1和Fr.2中的目标化合物进行靶向分离。馏分Fr.1经 ODS-C18反相硅胶柱层析,甲醇/水梯度洗脱(5:95→100:0),分为6个亚组分(Fr.1-1~Fr.1-6)。亚组分Fr.1-1先经MCI柱层析,再用全制备HPLC纯化(MeCN/H2O,6:94,8mL/min),分离出已知化合物1(阿卡他定II03, Aca II03,10.0mg,tR 10.5min)和新化合物2(阿卡他定II02,AcaII02,1.6mg, tR 9.6min)。亚组分Fr.1-3过MCI柱,再经全制备HPLC纯化(MeCN/H2O, 10:90,8mL/min),得到已知化合物11(β-羟基丁酰阿卡他定II03,Hbu-Aca II03,4.5mg,tR15.1min)。亚组分Fr.1-4利用MCI和ODS-C18柱层析细分,再经HPLC全制备纯化(MeCN/H2O,10:90,6mL/min),得到新化合物6(丙酰阿卡他定II03,Pr-Aca II03,13.2mg,tR 40.5min)。亚组分Fr.1-5经反相硅胶和MCI柱层析,再通过两次HPLC全制备纯化(MeCN/H2O,10:90,6mL/min;MeCN/H2O,16:84,8mL/min);得到已知化合物9(阿卡他定I03, Aca I03,2.2mg,tR6.0min)和10(丁酰阿卡他定I03,Bu-Aca I03,10.2mg, tR 14.3min)。亚组分Fr.1-6经MCI柱层析,再通过两次HPLC全制备纯化 (MeCN/H2O,10:90,6mL/min;MeCN/H2O,18:82,8mL/min);得到新化合物8(2-甲基丁酰阿卡他定II03,Mbu-Aca II03,4.2mg,tR 12.2min)和已知化合物12(异戊酰阿卡他定II03,isoVa-Aca II03,6.2mg,tR 12.8min)。
利用MCI柱对馏分Fr.2进行梯度洗脱(MeOH/H2O,5:95→100:0),细分成4个亚组分。亚组分Fr.2-2经反相硅胶柱层析,再通过两次HPLC全制备纯化(MeCN/H2O,10:90,6mL/min;MeCN/H2O,16:84,8mL/min),得到新化合物7(丁酰阿卡他定II03,Bu-Aca II03,5.9mg,tR 11.9min)和4(异丁酰阿卡他定II02,isoBu-Aca II02,1.9mg,tR 10.4min)。亚组分Fr.2-3经两次HPLC全制备纯化(MeCN/H2O,10:90,6mL/min;MeCN/H2O,12:88, 8mL/min),得到新化合物3(丙酰阿卡他定II02,Pr-Aca II02,2.2mg,tR 17.0 min)。亚组分Fr.2-4通过HPLC全制备纯化(MeCN/H2O,6:94,8mL/min),得到新化合物5(异戊酰阿卡他定II02,isoVa-AcaII02,2.0mg,tR 44.3min)。
全制备柱为SilGreen C18,250×20mm;半制备柱为TSK-gel 100V C18,250×10mm;分析检测柱为Phenomenex/Luna C18(2)100A, 4.6×250mm;紫外检测波长为210nm。
实施例3、酰基他定家族新化合物的化学结构
上述获得的7个新化合物均为无色透明固体,易溶于水,紫外吸收为末端吸收。
阿卡他定Ⅱ02(对应于化合物2),分子式为C50H84N2O35,分子量为 1273.4927。
丙酰他定Ⅱ02(对应于化合物3),分子式为C53H88N2O36,分子量为 1329.5190。
异丁酰他定Ⅱ02(对应于化合物4),分子式为C54H90N2O36,分子量为 1343.5346。
异戊酰他定Ⅱ02(对应于化合物5),分子式为C55H92N2O36,分子量为 1357.5503。
丙酰他定Ⅱ03(对应于化合物6),分子式为C59H98N2O41,分子量为 1491.5718。
丁酰他定Ⅱ03(对应于化合物7),分子式为C60H100N2O41,分子量为 1505.5872。
2-甲基丁酰他定Ⅱ03(对应于化合物8),分子式为C61H102N2O41,分子量为1519.6031。
表1化合物2和3的氢谱和碳谱数据。
表2化合物4和5的氢谱和碳谱数据。
表3化合物6-8的氢谱和碳谱数据。
实施例4、酰基他定家族新化合物质谱裂解规律
1、阿卡他定家族Ⅱ02骨架类型
酰基他定新化合物1-4属于阿卡他定家族Ⅱ02骨架类型,在正离子质谱裂解模式下,它们形成共同的碎片离子峰m/z 304(b2),466(b3),624(b4)和769 (b5)。与前体化合物1(阿卡他定Ⅱ02)相比,化合物2-4在m/z y5和b3-b5 处的碎片离子峰及分子离子峰与阿卡他定Ⅱ02分别相差56、70和84个质量单位。以上表明,酰基他定新化合物1-4的酰基取代位置均在D环上。四个化合物详细的裂解方式如图1A所示,其HRESIMS/MS图谱见图1B~1E。
2、阿卡他定家族II03骨架类型
酰基他定新化合物6-8属于阿卡他定家族II03骨架类型,在正离子质谱裂解模式下,它形成共同的碎片离子峰m/z 304(b2),466(b3),624(b4)和769(b5),与前体化合物—阿卡他定II03的质谱裂解碎片相同;而在m/z y5-y8和b6-b8 处的碎片离子峰及分子离子峰,与阿卡他定II03相差56、70和84个质量单位。以上说明,酰基他定新化合物M-1b的酰基取代位置也在D环上。化合物M-1b 的详细的裂解方式见图2A,其HRESIMS/MS图谱如图2B~2D所示。
实施例5、酰基他定类化合物在酶学水平对胰脂肪酶活性的抑制
上述获得的酰基他定类化合物属于氨基寡糖类化合物,据报道此类化合物具有显著的α-淀粉酶抑制活性,但关于其脂肪酶抑制活性方面的研究尚未见文献报道。本发明人选取奥利司他作为阳性对照,其作用机理为抑制胃肠道中的脂肪酶活性,阻止食物中的脂肪水解为人体可吸收的游离脂肪酸和单酰基甘油,将未分解的脂肪直接排出体外,实现从源头阻止脂肪吸收,从而达到轻松减肥的目的。
以对硝基苯基月桂酸酯为底物,以50%乙醇水为阴性对照,测试上述12 个化合物1-12的脂肪酶抑制活性。在1.5mL离心管中,加入50μL不同浓度的待测化合物(抑制剂,溶于50%乙醇水)、150μL 10mg/mL胰脂肪酶溶液和 350μL 0.1M Tris-HCL缓冲液(pH=8.2),混匀,37℃孵育10min。接着,加入450μL对硝基苯基月桂酸酯溶液(底物,溶于5mmol/L乙酸钠溶液), 37℃反应0.5h后,于沸水中灭活1min,冷却至室温。最后,以12000r/min 离心3min,各取100μL上清液加入96孔板。在405nm下分别测定各样品的吸光值(A样),平行测定3次。相同条件下,以Tris-HCl缓冲液替代胰脂肪酶溶液的样品空白组的吸光度值(A样空),不加样品溶液的阴性对照组的吸光度值(A阴),不加样品、酶溶液的空白对照组的吸光度值(A空)。
根据不同浓度的样品溶液和空白溶液的吸光度值,计算其脂肪酶抑制率,其酶抑制的计算公式如下:
胰脂肪酶活性抑制率/%=[1-(A样-A样空)/(A阴-A空)]×100
最后,使用GraphPad Prism 5.0计算各样品的IC50值,见图3和表4。
表4酰基他定化合物对胰脂肪酶的抑制活性
由表4可知,本发明的12个化合物均能抑制猪胰脂肪酶,其IC50值介于 1.34~31.56μM。在7个新寡糖(2-8)中,化合物5和8的抑制活性最强,其 IC50值为1.56和1.34μM,基本与阳性对照奥利司他的抑制活性相当(IC50=0.34 μM)。化合物2、9和10的IC50大于10μM,表明其对脂肪酶的抑制能力不够显著。通过寡糖的构效及其生物活性结果可知:含有两个假三糖结构活性单元化合物(1-8、11和12)的脂肪酶抑制活性优于只有一个假三糖结构活性单元的化合物(9和10),表明假三糖结构单元的延长能提高化合物的生物活性;同样地,化合物侧链酰基的长短也会影响其脂肪酶抑制活性。通过比较12个寡糖的抑制活性,发现酰基侧链越长,其脂肪酶抑制能力基本越强。
Claims (10)
1.式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐或酯、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体,
其中,n为1~5的正整数;
m、p或t独立地为0~10的正整数;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9各自独立选自:-O-Z、羟基、H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4链烯基、C2-C4链炔基、卤素;其中,Z为酰基;并且,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9中的至少一个为-O-Z;
R1’~R9’,R1”~R9”,Ra,Rb各自独立地选自:羟基、H、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4链烯基、C2-C4链炔基、卤素;
Y2、Y3、Y4、Y6、Y8、Y9各自独立地选自:氧、-NH-、硫;
X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X8、X9各自独立地选自:氧、硫。
在另一优选例中,X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X8、X9为氧。
2.如权利要求1所述的式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体,其特征在于,
n为1,2或3,或
m为0~6的正整数,或
p为0~6的正整数,或
t为0~6的正整数。
3.如权利要求1所述的式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体,其特征在于,
所述酰基包含2~8个碳原子,或
所述的酰基为取代或未取代的酰基,所述取代基选自羟基、C1-C4烷基、C2-C4链烯基、C2-C4链炔基、卤素。
4.如权利要求1所述的式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐或酯、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体,其特征在于,
所述-O-Z在R3位,所述的R1~R9中其余基团、R1’~R9’、R1”~R9”、Ra、Rb各自独立地选自:羟基、H、C1-C2烷基、C2-C3链烯基、C2-C3链炔基、卤素。
5.如权利要求4所述的式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐或酯、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体,其特征在于,
R2和R8是C1-C2烷基,
R1、R4、R5-R7、R9、R1’~R9’、R1”~R9”、Ra、Rb各自独立地选自羟基、H、C1-C2烷基,
优选地,所述式(I)化合物选自:
6.一种组合物,包含权利要求1-5中任一项所述的式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐或酯、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体,和药学上或食品中可接受的辅料,
优选地,所述组合物选自日化用品、食品、保健品、药物组合物。
7.一种试剂盒,含权利要求1-5中任一项所述的式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐或酯、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体,或本文所述的组合物,和任选的使用或施用它们所需的其他试剂,和任选的说明书。
8.权利要求1-5中任一项所述的式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐或酯、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体在制备抑制脂肪酶活性,控制体重,改善脂肪利用,或预防、缓解或治疗受益于脂肪吸收降低的疾病或病症的产品中的用途,
优选地,所述产品选自日化用品、食品、保健品、药物组合物或试剂盒,
优选地,所述式(I)化合物选自:
9.一种抑制脂肪酶活性的非诊断或治疗性方法,包括:权利要求1-5中任一项所述的式(I)化合物或其药学上或食品中可接受的盐或酯、异构体、外消旋物、溶剂合物、水合物或前体与含脂肪酶的样品接触,从而抑制脂肪酶的活性,
优选地,所述式(I)化合物选自:
10.一种提高氨基寡糖类化合物对于脂肪酶的抑制活性的方法,包括:在氨基寡糖类化合物加上至少一个酰基基团。
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