CN116676210B - 一种改善功能性便秘的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种及其应用 - Google Patents
一种改善功能性便秘的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116676210B CN116676210B CN202310393757.0A CN202310393757A CN116676210B CN 116676210 B CN116676210 B CN 116676210B CN 202310393757 A CN202310393757 A CN 202310393757A CN 116676210 B CN116676210 B CN 116676210B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种改善功能性便秘的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种,所述改善功能性便秘的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种命名为动物双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis BA79菌株,保藏编号为CGMCC No.24111,保藏日期为2021年12月15日。该菌株具有良好的耐胃肠液能力和肠粘附能力,能顺利通过胃肠道到达小肠发挥益生功效,既能够缓解慢传输型便秘(STC)也能够缓解出口梗阻型便秘(OOC)。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物培养技术领域,涉及一种改善功能性便秘的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79及其应用,具体涉及一种改善功能性便秘的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79及其在制备预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的药品中的应用。
背景技术
功能性便秘(Functional constipation,FC)是慢性便秘的一种类型,按照排便动力学分为,慢传输型便秘(Slow transit constipation,STC)、出口梗阻型便秘(Outletobstruction constipation,OOC)和混合型便秘。其临床症状除了表现为排便频次减少、排出困难或排便不尽感之外,无其他特异性。
慢性传输型便秘(STC)是一类由胃肠道传输功能障碍引起的顽固性便秘,以结肠传输减慢为特点,发病原因尚未明了,一般认为其发病机制与心理因素、胃肠道动力、神经系统、胃肠激素有关,其的临床症状诊断主要参照功能性便秘罗马Ⅲ标准,占便秘发病率的25%;出口梗阻型便秘(OOC)是由于腹部、肛管直肠肌肉和盆底肌肉不协调工作、导致直肠有效排空受阻而出现的、复杂多样的排便不畅症状群,其的临床症状诊断主要参照功能性便秘罗马Ⅳ标准,占便秘发病率的60%。其余为混合型便秘。长期便秘会给患者精神和心理上造成负面影响,容易引发肛肠疾病、肠胃神经功能紊乱、心、脑血管发病率,甚至会患结肠癌和猝死等。
功能性便秘治疗的方法主要有调理法和药物治疗法。调理法是指日常调整饮食、饮水及适当运动,通过按揉腹部、点按穴位、外敷神阙等改善便秘症状,此方法虽然有一定的效果,但是具有见效慢,易反弹等缺点。药物治疗法一般应用聚乙二醇、芦荟等通便药,但长期使用可引起腹胀、腹痛、肠神经损伤及结肠黑变病等不良反应,副作用较明显。随着高通量测序技术的普及,对人体肠道微生物菌群的组成和功能有了更深入地了解。肠道是人体内微生物群最集中的部位,调理好肠道菌群,有利于肠道蠕动,调节胃肠活性肽、血清素及细胞因子,达到预防、治疗便秘的作用。肠道微生物作为人类的“第二基因组”或“第二脑(肠脑)”,越来越受到研究者的重视。因此微生物疗法治疗具有光明的发展前景。
然而,目前现有技术中用于改善便秘的微生物制剂还十分有限,大部分微生物是针对慢性传属性便秘(STC)的改善,而对出口梗阻型便秘(OOC)研究较少,而且相关益生菌及其制品的缓解功能性便秘的效果还有待提高。因此,提供一种改善或治疗便秘的效果好,且在治疗过程中不会导致患者产生不良反应的微生物制剂,已成为本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种改善功能性便秘的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79及其应用,具体提供一种改善功能性便秘的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79及其在制备预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的药品中的应用。
为达到此发明目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
第一方面,本发明提供一种改善功能性便秘的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种,所述改善功能性便秘的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种命名为动物双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacterium animalissubsp.lactis BA79菌株,保藏编号为CGMCC No.24111,保藏日期为2021年12月15日。
本发明从人母乳样本中分离获得并保藏了一株新的能够改善功能性便秘的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种,将其命名为动物双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacterium animalissubsp.lactis BA79菌株,该菌株具有良好的耐胃肠液能力和肠粘附能力,能顺利通过胃肠道到达小肠发挥益生功效;能够抑制食源性致病菌大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特菌和肠道固有菌屎肠球菌,更有利于其在肠道内增殖为优势菌种;既能够缓解慢传输型便秘(STC)也能够缓解出口梗阻型便秘(OOC)。该菌株是一种益生菌,安全性高,且其不会产生抗药性,不会导致患者产生不良反应。
第二方面,本发明提供一种如第一方面所述的改善功能性便秘的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种的培养方法,所述培养方法包括将动物双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacterium animalissubsp.lactis BA79菌株接种于MRS培养基上进行培养,所述培养的温度为35-45℃,例如35℃、36℃、37℃、38℃、39℃、42℃、44℃、45℃等;所述培养的时间为16-28h,例如16h、17h、18h、20h、22h、24h、28h等;该数值范围内的其他具体点值均可选择,在此便不再一一赘述。
第三方面,本发明提供一种预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的益生菌微胶囊,所述预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的益生菌微胶囊中的菌株包含第一方面所述的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis BA79菌株。
优选地,所述益生菌微胶囊可以被制成为冻干粉剂,所述冻干粉剂还可以被进一步地制备成胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂等剂型。
本发明所涉及的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79菌株可以被单独地应用于相关药品中,也可以与其他菌株联合应用于相关药品中。
进一步优选地,所述预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的益生菌微胶囊中的菌株还包含两歧双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacterium bifidum BBi32菌株;所述两歧双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacterium bifidum BBi32菌株的保藏编号为CGMCC No.16923,保藏日期为2018年12月10日。
本发明还创造性地发现上述动物双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacterium animalissubsp.lactis BA79菌株能够与两歧双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacterium bifidum BBi32菌株进行复配使用用于预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘,具有比单一菌剂或者其他复配方式显著优异的效果,说明BA79菌株和BBi32菌株在缓解功能性病症上具有协同增效作用。
优选地,所述两歧双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacterium bifidum BBi32菌株与动物双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis BA79菌株的活菌数之比为(1-10):(1-10),例如1:10、1:8、1:7、1:6、1:5、1:3、1:2、1:1、2:1、4:1、5:1、6:1、8:1、9:1、10:1等,该数值范围内的其他具体点值均可选择,在此便不再一一赘述。
在本发明所涉及的复合益生菌剂中,两种菌株在满足上述特定的质量比例关系时具有更优的协同增效效果。
优选地,所述预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的益生菌微胶囊还包含壁材,所述壁材选自低聚果糖、低聚木糖、低聚乳果糖、乳酮糖、牛乳寡糖、低聚异麦芽糖、大豆低聚糖、壳聚糖、菊粉、氯化钙、螺旋藻或节旋藻中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地,所述预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的益生菌微胶囊还包含固定剂;所述固定剂选自壳聚糖和氯化钙。
第四方面,本发明提供如第一方面所述的改善功能性便秘的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种或如第三方面所述的预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的益生菌微胶囊在制备预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的药品中的应用。
优选地,所述功能性便秘选自慢传输型便秘和/或出口梗阻型便秘。
优选地,所述产品中还包含冻干保护剂。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明从人母乳样本中分离获得并保藏了一株新的能够改善功能性便秘的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种,将其命名为动物双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacterium animalissubsp.lactis BA79菌株,该菌株具有良好的耐胃肠液能力和肠粘附能力,能顺利通过胃肠道到达小肠发挥益生功效;能够抑制食源性致病菌大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特菌和肠道固有菌屎肠球菌,更有利于其在肠道内增殖为优势菌种;既能够缓解慢传输型便秘(STC)也能够缓解出口梗阻型便秘(OOC)。该菌株是一种益生菌,安全性高,且其不会产生抗药性,不会导致患者产生不良反应。
本发明还创造性地发现上述动物双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacterium animalissubsp.lactis BA79菌株能够与两歧双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacterium bifidum BBi32菌株进行复配使用用于预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘,具有比单一菌剂或者其他复配方式显著优异的效果,说明BA79菌株和BBi32菌株在缓解功能性病症上具有协同增效作用。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
下述涉及的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种为动物双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacteriumanimalis subsp.lactis BA79菌株,保藏编号为CGMCC No.24111,保藏日期为2021年12月15日,保藏单位为中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号。
下述涉及的两歧双歧杆菌乳亚种为两歧双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacteriumbifidum BBi32菌株,保藏编号为CGMCC No.16923,保藏日期为2018年12月10日,保藏单位为中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号。
下述涉及的干酪乳杆菌LC89菌株,保藏编号为CGMCC No.15409,保藏日期为2018年3月5日,保藏单位为中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号。
下述涉及的MRS固体培养基:称取蛋白胨10g、牛肉膏10g、葡萄糖20g、乙酸钠2g、酵母粉5g、柠檬酸氢二铵2g、K2PO4·3H2O 2.6g、MgSO4·7H2O 0.1g、MnSO4 0.05g、琼脂20g和半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.5g,使用去离子水溶解,再加入1mL吐温80,定容至1L,灭菌冷却后,倒入灭菌后的培养皿中备用。
下述涉及的MRS液体培养基:称取蛋白胨10g、牛肉膏10g、葡萄糖20g、乙酸钠2g、酵母粉5g、柠檬酸氢二铵2g、K2PO4·3H2O 2.6g、MgSO4·7H2O 0.1g、MnSO4 0.05g和半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.5g,使用去离子水溶解,再加入1mL吐温80,定容至1L,灭菌冷却后备用。
实施例1
本实施例筛选一株改善功能性便秘的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种,步骤如下:
(1)将采集的母乳样品进行10倍稀释,选取合适的稀释梯度双层倾注于改良MRS固体培养基上(莫匹罗星和L-氨酸盐酸盐溶液)37℃,厌氧培养24-48h长出单菌落,挑选具有双歧杆菌形态的单菌落。画线接种于含溴甲酚紫的改良MRS培养基上进行产酸复筛,37℃厌氧培养24-48h,长出的单菌落经革兰染色后在显微镜下进行形态学观察,挑取单菌落在37℃下使用MRS液体培养基扩大培养,使用质量浓度为30%的甘油混匀,在-80℃保藏。
(2)针对保藏的单菌进行体外生理特性测试,具体为如下:
(2.1)耐酸耐胆盐的测定:
配置人工模拟胃液:称取定量胃蛋白酶溶解于适量体积的生理盐水中,用盐酸调节pH=3.00±0.05,经0.22μm的无菌滤膜过滤后定容到所需体积,使最终溶液浓度达到3g/L;
配置人工模拟肠液:称取定量胰蛋白酶与0.3%胆盐(w/v)溶解于适量体积的生理盐水中,用0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠调节pH=8.00±0.05,经0.22μm的无菌滤膜过滤后定容到所需体积,使最终溶液浓度达到1g/L。
菌种活化:将菌株以2%(v/v)的接种量接种至MRS液体培养基中,于37℃厌氧培养24h。培养的菌液放入冰块中冷却备用。
分别取10μL冷却后的菌液加至1mL的模拟胃液和模拟肠液中,震荡均匀。菌液进入模拟胃液后,于37℃中培养0h、3h时进行活菌计数,进入模拟肠液后,于37℃中培养0h、4h时进行活菌计数。以双歧杆菌的存活率来评价双歧杆菌的耐酸耐胆盐能力,其中存活率R的计算公式为:
R(%)=Nf/N0×100%
公式中:R,存活率(%);N0,起始活菌数(CFU/mL);Nf,最终活菌数(CFU/mL)。
(2.2)粘附能力测定:
验证双歧杆菌的粘附能力。方法如下:将HT-29细胞在6孔板上培养,使用含1%青霉素-链霉素和5%(v/v)胎牛血清的改良RPMI-1640培养基,培养条件为37℃,5% CO2(细胞浓度为2×105cell/mL)。细胞贴壁后,用无菌PBS(pH7.8)洗涤2次,然后加2m双歧杆菌RPMI-1640培养基悬浮液(108CFU/mL,1:1体积比)。2h后,细胞以无菌PBS(pH 7.8)洗涤2次,在甲醇中固定1h,进行革兰氏染色和显微镜观察。记录100个细胞所粘附的双歧杆菌总数(随机选取20个视野),平均值即为粘附指数。
(2.3)抑制病原菌实验:
方法如下:将保藏的菌株以2%接种量接入改良MRS液体培养基中,37℃厌氧培养36h,10000r/min离心5min,取上清液,经0.22μm滤膜过滤除菌,即得无细胞上清液(CFS),食源性肠道致病菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特菌)以及肠道固有菌(粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌)的抑制能力测定分离菌株的抑菌活性,配制各种指示菌所需的固体培养基,121℃灭菌20min,冷却到60℃左右,培养基加入放置好的平皿中,待其凝固后,取100μL浓度为105CFU/mL的指示菌在平板上涂布均匀,随后每个培养皿中等距离放入4个已灭菌的牛津杯,向每个牛津杯中加入200μL CFS,以不加菌的MRS培养基作空白对照,放置4℃冰箱扩散6h,然后在37℃培养24h,若有抑菌圈出现,说明该菌株具有抑菌活性,每株菌做3个平行,取平均值。
综合上述筛选实验,筛选出一株耐胃肠液能力、粘附能力、抑菌能力最好的单菌株,将其命名为动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79。其性能测试结果为:人工模拟胃液(3h)中的存活率为94%,在人工模拟肠液(4h)中的存活率为90%,黏附指数为58.97。上述结果说明动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79具有更强的肠道环境的生存能力以及黏附在肠道细胞上的能力。其对大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径为4.62±0.42cm,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径为7.16±0.71cm,对单增李斯特菌的抑菌圈直径为4.00±0.17cm,对屎肠球菌的抑菌圈直径为10.02±0.20cm,对粪肠球菌几乎无抑制作用。上述结果说明BA79能够在肠道内抑制食源性致病菌和道固有菌的生长,更有利BA79成为肠道的优势菌群。
实施例2
本实施例对实施例1筛选得到的菌株进行形态鉴定以及16S rRNA分子生物学鉴定,步骤如下:
(1)形态鉴定:
将已纯化动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79接种于5mL无菌MRS肉汤中,37℃厌氧培养18h。取1mL菌液12000r/min离心1min,用无菌生理盐水洗涤2次后,加入等体积无菌生理盐水重悬菌体,用接种环取少量均匀涂布于载玻片上,固定后,进行革兰氏染色观察菌落形态。菌落为乳白色,呈半圆形凸起,表面光滑、湿润,边缘整齐。
(2)16S rDNA分子生物学鉴定:
将已纯化动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79,按照上述方法活化扩培。取1mL过夜培养的细菌菌液,加入1.5mL离心管中,室温8000rpm离心1min,弃上清,收集菌体。使用Ezup柱式细菌基因组DNA抽提试剂盒SK8255,提取DNA溶液。将提取的DNA进行PCR扩增,扩增体系为25μL:Template,2.5μL;dNTP,1μL;Taq酶,0.2μL;27F,0.5μL;1492R,0.5μL;ddH20,20μL。扩增程序设置为:94℃预变性4min,94℃变性45s,55℃退火45s,72℃延伸1min,循环30次,终末72℃延伸10min。制备1%琼脂糖凝胶,PCR产物与Loading buffer混合,上样量2μL,150V,20min,然后进行凝胶成像;将16S rDNA的PCR产物进行测序分析,序列在GeneBank中进行核酸序列比对,结果显示菌株确实为动物双歧杆菌乳亚种。
该菌株经测序分析,其16S rDNA序列如SEQ ID No:1所示。
SEQ ID No:1:
GAGAACTACGAGTCTACCTTAGACGGCTCCCCCCACAAGGGTCGGGCCACCGGCTTCGGGTGCTACCCACTTTCATGACTTGACGGGCGGTGTGTACAAGGCCCGGGAACGCATTCACCGCGGCGTTGCTGATCCGCGATTACTAGCGACTCCGCCTTCACGCAGTCGAGTTGCAGACTGCGATCCGAACTGAGACCGGTTTTCAGCGATCCGCCCCACGTCACCGTGTCGCACCGCGTTGTACCGGCCATTGTAGCATGCGTGAAGCCCTGGACGTAAGGGGCATGATGATCTGACGTCATCCCCACCTTCCTCCGAGTTGACCCCGGCGGTCCCACATGAGTTCCCGGCATCACCCGCTGGCAACATGCGGCGAGGGTTGCGCTCGTTGCGGGACTTAACCCAACATCTCACGACACGAGCTGACGACGACCATGCACCACCTGTGAACCGGCCCCGAAGGGAAACCGTGTCTCCACGGCGATCCGGCACATGTCAAGCCCAGGTAAGGTTCTTCGCGTTGCATCGAATTAATCCGCATGCTCCGCCGCTTGTGCGGGCCCCCGTCAATTTCTTTGAGTTTTAGCCTTGCGGCCGTACTCCCCAGGCGGGATGCTTAACGCGTTGGCTCCGACACGGGACCCGTGGAAAGGGCCCCACATCCAGCATCCACCGTTTACGGCGTGGACTACCAGGGTATCTAATCCTGTTCGCTCCCCACGCTTTCGCTCCTCAGCGTCAGTGACGGCCCAGAGACCTGCCTTCGCCATTGGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACACATTCCACCGTTACACCGGGAATTCCAGTCTCCCCTACCGCACTCCAGCCCGCCCGTACCCGGCGCAGATCCACCGTTAGGCGATGGACTTTCACACCGGACGCGACGAACCGCCTACGAGCCCTTTACGCCCAATAAATCCGGATAACGCTCGCACCCTACGTATTACCGCGGCTGCTGGCACGTAGTTAGCCGGGTGCTTGCTTATTCGAACAATCCACTCAACACGGCCGAAACCGTGCCTTGCCCTTGAACAAAAGCGGTTTACAACCCGAAGGCCTCCATCCCGCACGCGGCGTCGCTGCATCAGGCTTGCGCCCATTGTGCAATATTCCCCACTGCTGCCTCCCGTAGGAGTCTGG GCCGTATCTCAGTCCCAATGTGGCCGGTCACCCTCTCAGGCCGGCTACCCGTCAACGCCTTGGTGGGCCATCACCCCGCCAACAAGCTGATAGGACGCGACCCCATCCCATGCCGCAAAAGCATTTCCCACCCCACCATGCGATGGAGCGGAGCATCCGGTATTACCACCCGTTTCCAGGAGCTATTCCGGTGCACAGGGCAGGTTGGTCACGCATTACTCACCCGTTCGCCACTCTCACCCCGACAGCAAGCTGCCAGGGATCCCGTTCGACTTGCATGTGTAGCACGCCGCCCTCGGCAATT。
基于实施例2的16S rDNA分子生物学鉴定及形态鉴定的结果,确认菌株属于动物双歧杆菌乳亚种,命名为动物双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactisBA79菌株。
实施例3
本实施例对动物双歧杆菌乳亚种Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactisBA79菌株的培养条件进行优化,步骤如下:
将保存于-80℃冰箱中的菌株取出,以2%(v/v)的接种量接种至MRS液体培养基中,于37℃厌氧培养24h,并连续活化3代。将活化好的菌液添加至无菌96孔板中,每孔添加300μL,同时设置3个平行对照孔。将96孔板放入厌氧培养箱中的酶标仪,以接种时间0h开始,每隔30min测定OD600。结果如表1所示:
表1
结果显示,动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79在35-45℃下生长最佳,培养16-28h即可达到生长稳定期的前期。
实施例4
本实施例验证动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79对慢性传输型便秘(STC)缓解作用。
动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79制剂的制备:动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79按照2%的接种量接种至MRS培养基中,40℃恒温厌氧培养16h,得到一级种子液;用上述同样的方法制得二级种子液。将种子液按2%(v/v)的接种量接种2L密闭发酵瓶,40℃恒温厌氧培养24h,发酵结束后4000r/min离心20min获得菌泥,菌泥用PBS(pH=7)缓冲液洗涤两次,得到的菌泥悬浮在20%的蔗糖溶液中,1mL分装在3mL的甘油管中,-80℃保存,为后续大鼠实验使用。
动物分组及建模:56只SD大鼠随机分为建模组(n=48)和对照组(n=8)。在购得大鼠后7d环境适应期,实验开始前5d,每天均按0.32mL/kg蒸馏水灌胃,以让大鼠适应灌胃过程。建模实验开始后,对照组0.32mL/kg蒸馏水灌胃,模型组按8mg/kg予复方地芬诺酯悬溶液(0.4mL/10mg)灌胃建立STC模型。建模成功后再分为STC组(n=8)、BA79干预组(n=8)、BBi32干预组(n=8)、BA79+BBi32联合干预组(n=8)、ATCC27536+BBi32联合干预组(n=8)、BA79+LC89联合干预组(n=8)。正常喂养1周开始实验,干预组分别按照1mL(5×1010CFU/mLBA79、5×1010CFU/mL BBi32、2.5×1010CFU/mL BA79+2.5×1010CFU/mL BBi32、2.5×1010CFU/mL ATCC27536+2.5×1010CFU/mL BBi32、2.5×1010CFU/mL BA79+2.5×1010CFU/mLLC89)灌胃,STC组每天1mL蒸馏水灌胃。2周后所有实验动物采用活性炭灌胃法测定首粒黑便排出时间、排便重量、排便颗数。4周后所有动物留取新鲜粪便标本,用无菌离心管收集,置于-80℃冰箱保存备用。
(1)首粒黑便时间的测定:
动物实验干预2周,停药1周后的大鼠禁食不禁水24h测定大鼠的首粒黑便时间。经口灌入100g/L活性炭悬液2mL,单独放入垫有吸水纸的洁净笼盒中,此时记录为开始的时间。待大鼠排出第一颗黑便后,记录相应时间为结束的时间,两次时间的间隔即为首粒黑便时间,测量排便重量和排便颗粒数,如表2所示:
表2
由上表数据可知,BA79可改善大鼠便秘症状,大鼠首次排黑便时间由STC模型组230min降低到了131min,排便重量和排便颗粒同样有所缓解,且联合干预组效果更优。
(2)大鼠小肠推进率测定:
动物实验干预4周,大鼠过夜禁食不禁水,灌胃墨汁25分钟后立即用颈椎脱臼法处死。将己处死的大鼠仰卧放置于木板上,用钉子固定。用外科剪逐层剪开大鼠腹部皮肤与肌肉层,用镊子分离去除大网膜及脂肪,暴露腹部脏器。于大鼠左上腹腔找到胃,在幽门口处剪断胃食管连接部分,将胃提起,逐渐向下清理肠系膜,分离肠道,并于回盲部处剪断小肠与结肠连接部分。将分离的肠管置于托盘上,轻轻将小肠拉成直线,测量肠管长度为“小肠总长度”,从幽门至墨汁前沿为“墨汁推进长度”。按下式计算墨汁推进率,结果如表3所示:
墨汁推进率(%)=墨汁推进长度(cm)/小肠总长度(cm)×100%
表3
由上表数据可知,BA79可增强便秘模型组的小肠蠕动能力,墨汁推进率由48.84%增加到75.15%,且联合干预组效果更优。
(3)大鼠粪便中SCFAs浓度测定
准确称取对照组、模型组、BA79干预组的粪便样品500mg于15mL离心管中;加入3mL萃取液(含0.1mol/L草酸、40mmol/L叠氮化钠和0.15mmol/L己酸);将混合物溶液放置于摇床上60min,然后以14000r转速离心10min;取1.5mL上清液过滤于气相瓶中,进行GC分析。根据标准曲线计算得出短链脂肪酸的含量。气相色谱条件:色谱柱:Agilent 122-7032:DB-WAX(30×250μm,0.25μm)。测定采用程序升温,初温120℃,保持2.5min,然后以8℃/min速度升至130℃,保持4min,再以30℃/min的速度升至210℃,保持2min。FID温度为250℃,进样口温度为200℃;进样量为1μL。氮气为载气,流速为3ml/min;分流比为20:1。结果如表4所示:
表4
由上表数据可知,对照组与STC模型组大鼠肠道内甲酸、丙酸和丁酸含量相比有显著差异,而干预组甲酸、丙酸和丁酸含量比STC模型组高,这说明STC干预组促使肠道蠕动作用。
(4)粪便含水率结果测定:
结果如表5所示:
表5
由上表数据可知,BA79具有改善慢性传输型便秘的效果,是便秘大鼠的粪便含水率恢复正常,且BA79和BBi32的联合干预组效果更优。
实施例5
本实施例验证动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79对出口梗阻型便秘(OOC)的缓解作用。
动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79制剂的制备同实施例4。
动物分组及建模:40只SD大鼠随机分为建模组(n=32)和对照组(n=8)。在购得大鼠后7d环境适应期,实验开始前5d,每天均按0.32mL/kg蒸馏水灌胃,以让大鼠适应灌胃过程。建模实验开始后,对照组0.32mL/kg蒸馏水灌胃,模型组采用部分缩窄法造模,以35mg/Kg戊巴比妥钠灌胃,注射麻醉,开腹暴露直肠,10号丝线经腹壁从距肛门1-1.5cm处“8”字形从直肠下绕过再经腹壁引出,丝线引入点和引出点在腹壁相距越0.5cm。在引出的丝线内套入直径为0.5cm的铁丝打结,退出铁丝后,直肠被部分缩窄并悬吊于腹壁,肠壁血运正常,关闭腹腔。解扎组,术后48小时从体外解除直肠结扎线,结扎(OOC)模型组常规饲养至7天,结扎(OOC)干预组,除常规饲养外,分别补充1mL(5×1010CFU/mL BA79、5×1010CFU/mL BBi32、2.5×1010CFU/mL BA79+2.5×1010CFU/mL BBi32)菌剂。
分别从-80℃冰箱中取出50μL血清,按照大鼠胃动素(MTL)、P物质(SP)、生长抑素(SS)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)、血清素(5-HT)ELISA试剂盒的说明书进行操作,最后通过外标法获得标准曲线,从而根据吸光度计算出样品中所含待测物质的浓度。结果如表6所示:
表6
同一列标注不同字母的数据之间存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。
由上表数据可以看出,OCC模型组SP和ET显著升高(p<0.05),BA79干预组和联合干预组调节SP和ET含量的下降,接近于对照组,OCC模型组VIP下降(p<0.05),BA79干预组和联合干预组调节VIP上升,接近于对照组。对照组、OCC模型组和干预组SS、MTL、GAS没有显著性变化。说明动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79有化解OOC的作用,且BA79与BBi32的联合使用有协同增效的作用。
实施例6
本实施例提供一种动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79合生元微胶囊:
(1)动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79微胶囊的制备,方法如下:
将动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79接种于MRS液体培养基中,37℃下培养24h进行活化,连续活化2次,得到活化液;将活化液按2%(v/v)的接种量接种于MRS液体培养基中,37℃下培养24h,得到菌液;将菌液在8000g下离心10min,得到动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79菌体,用PBS(pH=7)缓冲溶液洗涤两次,菌泥和1%低聚异麦芽糖(IMO)比例为1:2。用微胶囊蠕动泵挤压滴入2%CaCl2溶液中和0.5%的壳聚糖混合溶液中(同时用磁力揽拌器搅拌),然后静置固化过滤并用生理盐水清洗2次,-80℃深冷冰箱冷冻2小时后冷冻干燥。冷冻干燥过程包括预冻阶段、一次干燥阶段以及解析干燥阶段,预冻阶段为控制层板设置-45℃,保持4h,一次干燥为控制层板2h升温至-25℃,保持30h,解析干燥为控制层板1h升温至25℃,保持15h,即得动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79合生元微胶囊冻干菌粉。
(2)动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79微胶囊的性能测定:
方法同实施例1,其性能测试结果为:人工模拟胃液(3h)中的存活率为99%,在人工模拟肠液(4h)中的存活率为97%。由此可见,BA79微胶囊的耐胃液、肠液均高于动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79,说明BA79微胶囊有较强的保护动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79能力。
(3)微胶囊包埋率的测定:
解囊液:称取30g柠檬酸三钠溶于1000mL蒸馏水中,调pH 7.0,121℃高压灭菌20min备用。
稀释液:Na2HPO4·12H2O 6.0g、KH2PO4 4.5g、吐温-80 1mL、半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.5g,用蒸馏水定容至1L,搅拌溶解,0.5g琼脂,加热煮沸1-2min以溶解琼脂,放置至室温,调pH6.8,分装。121℃高压灭菌20min。
称取微胶囊样品1g,置于9mL解囊液中,37℃恒温水浴振荡,处理30min,选取合适的稀释度,进行活菌计数,记为C0;称取微胶囊样品1g,分散于9mL稀释液中,37℃恒温水浴振荡,处理30min,选择合适的梯度进行活菌计数,记为C1。
微胶囊包埋率=(C0-C1)/C0
式中:C1为所测稀释液中的活菌数/(CFU/g);C0为起始添加的活菌数/(CFU/g)。
结果显示动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79微胶囊包埋率为90.3±1%,微胶囊样品活菌数为2.3×1011CFU/g。
实施例7
本实施例提供一种含动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79微胶囊的酸奶,制备方法如下:
将脱脂乳粉200g、葡萄糖20g、木糖醇10g、0.2mg嗜热链球菌ST81冻干粉(1×1011CFU/g)、0.1mg保加利亚乳杆菌LB42冻干粉(1×1010CFU/g)、0.1mg动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79微胶囊(1×1011CFU/g)混合得酸奶粉,溶于1L的无菌温水中,充分搅拌均匀,置于酸奶机中,37℃发酵12h,待酸奶凝固后,4℃冷藏保藏,测得动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79活菌数不低于1×108CFU/100g。
实施例8
本实施例提供一种含动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79微胶囊的固体饮料,配方为:以重量份数计,聚葡萄糖50份、抗性糊精20份、低聚果糖27份、动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79微胶囊(1×1011CFU/g)3份。将上述材料混合均匀,密封包装,即得。测得动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79活菌数不低于1×108CFU/2g。
实施例9
本实施例提供一种含有动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79微胶囊的咀嚼片,配方如下:以质量百分含量计,淀粉20%、麦芽糊精20%、柠檬酸1%、硬脂酸镁1%、蔗糖20%、乳糖10%、甘露醇20%、体积分数为50%的乙醇水溶液0.5%,动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79微胶囊(1×1011CFU/g)7.5%。将各物料粉碎过50目筛备用,进行混合均匀,缓慢加入50%乙醇,搅拌均匀后,放入单冲压片机进行压片,制成咀嚼片剂。测得动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79活菌数不低于1×108CFU/g。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的一种改善功能性便秘的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BA79及其应用,但本发明并不局限于上述实施例,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述实施例才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合,为了避免不必要的重复,本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
Claims (8)
1.一种预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的益生菌微胶囊,其特征在于,所述预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的益生菌微胶囊中的菌株包含BA79菌株,其分类命名为动物双歧杆菌乳亚种(Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis),保藏编号为CGMCC No.24111,保藏日期为2021年12月15日。
2.如权利要求1所述的预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的益生菌微胶囊,其特征在于,所述预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的益生菌微胶囊中的菌株还包含BBi32菌株,其分类命名为两歧双歧杆菌乳亚种(Bifidobacterium bifidum),保藏编号为CGMCC No.16923,保藏日期为2018年12月10日。
3.如权利要求2所述的预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的益生菌微胶囊,其特征在于,所述BBi32菌株与BA79菌株的活菌数之比为(1-10):(1-10)。
4.如权利要求1所述的预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的益生菌微胶囊,其特征在于,所述预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的益生菌微胶囊还包含壁材;所述壁材选自低聚果糖、低聚木糖、低聚乳果糖、乳酮糖、牛乳寡糖、低聚异麦芽糖、大豆低聚糖、菊粉、螺旋藻或节旋藻中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
5.如权利要求4所述的预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的益生菌微胶囊,其特征在于,所述预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的益生菌微胶囊还包含固定剂;所述固定剂为壳聚糖和氯化钙。
6.如权利要求1所述的预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的益生菌微胶囊在制备预防、改善或治疗功能性便秘的药品中的应用。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述功能性便秘为慢传输型便秘和/或出口梗阻型便秘。
8.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药品中还包含冻干保护剂。
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