CN113943683A - 一株缓解便秘并增加粪便总胆汁酸含量的长双歧杆菌长亚种及其应用 - Google Patents
一株缓解便秘并增加粪便总胆汁酸含量的长双歧杆菌长亚种及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一株缓解便秘并增加粪便总胆汁酸含量的长双歧杆菌长亚种及其应用,属于微生物领域。本发明提供的长双歧杆菌能够显著提高粪便中总胆汁酸的含量,有效缓解便秘小鼠的首粒黑便时间、肠道推进率以及粪便含水量,具有明显改善便秘表观病理指标的作用;在生理指标的检测中,长双歧杆菌还能够影响一些神经肽的含量,从根本上影响便秘的症状;长双歧杆菌不仅在生理和病理两方面具有一定的可观效果,较泻药而言缺少一些副作用,还能使姜黄素在体内的生物利用度有所提高,从而使姜黄素能够更好地发挥抗炎、抗氧化的作用,因此在制备功能性食品或药品方面具有非常可观的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一株缓解便秘并增加粪便总胆汁酸含量的长双歧杆菌长亚种及其应用,属于微生物领域。
背景技术
目前,便秘这种疾病已出现在全球各个年龄层中,是一种患病率高、涉及范围广泛的一种全球性疾病,由于治疗手段的有限以及病情的反复,这种疾病已困扰人们多时,因此,无论是对不同国家还是不同民族,这都是一件要迫切解决的重要问题。
便秘主要表现为排便频率低,每周次数少于3次,大便干结,有排不尽的感觉,甚至需要手指辅助排便。便秘患病率高往往离不开诱发便秘的原因,例如作息紊乱、饮食的不均衡、微生物紊乱、药物的副作用、糖尿病等代谢性疾病所导致的并发症、遗传疾病、机械性肠梗阻、神经疾病等。恰恰是因为这些各种各样的原因,才导致便秘常常出现在人们的日常生活中,也因此需要得到更广泛的关注。
针对便秘,所采取的的解决办法存在许多,比如多食用新鲜蔬菜、水果、豆类等膳食纤维含量丰富的食物;较为严重者可以进行手术切除病变部位;较轻者可以使用膨胀剂、湿润剂、渗透性、刺激性或混合泻药,如甲基纤维素、多库酯钠、聚乙二醇、乳果糖或蒽醌衍生物等,但是这类泻药常会引起依赖性,甚至恶心、腹痛、腹泻等副作用。因此,通过使用益生菌来缓解便秘的方法将会是一种可优先采取并且副作用较低的重要手段。
引发便秘的另一个重要原因就是肠道菌群的紊乱,有研究发现,便秘患者的肠道菌群中出现厚壁菌门丰度降低,而拟杆菌门的丰度升高的现象。从属水平来看,一些潜在致病菌(肠球菌、梭杆菌等)丰度升高,而部分有益菌(双歧杆菌属、乳杆菌属等)丰度降低,这个现象进一步引导我们可以从益生菌的角度出发,利用双歧杆菌来缓解便秘的症状。
到目前为止,已有国内外学者针对双歧杆菌的生理特性、功能特性进行相关的研究,但由于便秘的发病机制以及双歧杆菌对便秘缓解作用的机制研究还不清晰,因此需要更加深入的探究。无论是将其制成菌粉还是加入到发酵乳中进行食用,都有非常大的应用前景,能够预防便秘的发生甚至缓解便秘的症状。通过对双歧杆菌缓解便秘进行研究,将会对食品科学、微生物学以及预防医学等各方面产生巨大的影响,因此,筛选对便秘具有缓解作用的双歧杆菌是十分必要的。
发明内容
针对现有技术所面临的具有缓解便秘作用的双歧杆菌存在一定局限性(例如生长缓慢,不易活化,功能单一等),本发明的目的在于提供一株容易活化且生长周期较短的能够明显提高粪便中总胆汁酸含量并有效缓解便秘的长双歧杆菌,且对提高姜黄素在体内的生物利用度有一定作用,能够克服现有技术中存在的不足,提供相应益生菌制剂、功能性食品,从而预防便秘,或使便秘患者能逐步摆脱药物治疗的副作用与局限性。
本发明提供了一株从海南省澄迈市39岁成年男子粪便中分离筛选出的长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum subsp.longum)CCFM1113,于2019年12月30日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏地址为广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼,保藏编号为GDMCCNO:60940。
在一种实施方式中,所述长双歧杆菌具有如下特性:
(1)菌体特征:为革兰氏染色阳性的无芽孢杆菌,在pH 3.0-8.0环境条件下生长良好。菌体约0.5-1.3μm×1.5-8μm,分枝甚多,多形性明显;其菌株的一般特征是均一或分枝或分叉的Y和V类型,以及棍棒状或匙状类型,单生、成对、有时呈链。
(2)菌落特征:在含0.1%L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐的MRS培养基上划线培养48h后形成明显的菌落,直径在0.2-2.5mm之间,圆形,凸面或透镜状,微白,不透明,有平滑至粘液状的柔软表面,不形成菌丝体;MRS培养基深层菌落的形态不定,靠近表面不生长。
(3)生长特性:该菌株最适生长温度为36-38℃,32-38℃生长良好,但是能够在45℃下进行生长,成活率高达85%;最适初始pH为6-7,pH 5.5或以下生长较少;在含有葡萄糖的培养液中厌氧培养生长良好,培养20h即进入对数期后期或稳定期前期,液体管混浊,最终pH为4.0-4.8。
(4)对模拟胃肠液具有较好的耐受能力。
(5)具有粘附性,能够较好的粘附在结肠癌细胞HT-29上。
(6)能显著提高便秘小鼠的粪便中总胆汁酸(TBA)的含量、粪便含水量、小肠推进率以及降低首粒黑便时间,调节血清中胃肠活性肽的含量,并且改变结肠组织中一些特殊基因的表达,其缓解便秘的效果良好。
(7)能够增加姜黄素的生物利用度。
本发明还提供了一种组合物,所述组合物含有所述长双歧杆菌细胞。
在一种实施方式中,所述组合物中长双歧杆菌长亚种的细胞数量≥1×108CFU/g或1×108CFU/mL。
在一种实施方式中,所述组合物为功能性食品或药物。
在一种实施方式中,所述功能性食品是由所述长双歧杆菌长亚种参与发酵制得。
在一种实施方式中,所述组合物为发酵食品,包括固态食品、液态食品或半固态食品。
在一种实施方式中,所述发酵食品的种类包括乳制品、豆制品或果蔬制品。
在一种实施方式中,所述乳制品包括发酵乳、风味发酵乳、发酵乳饮料等、奶油、乳酪、含乳饮料或乳粉;所述豆制品包括豆奶、豆乳粉;所述果蔬制品包括以白菜、白萝卜、黄瓜、甜菜、黄桃或杨梅制品中至少一种为原料制得的果蔬制品。
在一种实施方式中,所述药物含有所述长双歧杆菌CCFM1113和姜黄素。
在一种实施方式中,所述药物还含有药学上可接受的载体。
在一种实施方式中,所述载体包括医学上通常使用的填充剂、粘合剂、润湿剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、矫味剂中的一种或多种。
在一种实施方式中,所述药物的剂型是颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂或口服液。
本发明还提供所述长双歧杆菌长亚种在制备缓解便秘的药物中的应用。
本发明还提供所述长双歧杆菌长亚种在提高姜黄素的利用度方面的应用。
在一种实施方式中,所述应用是将所述长双歧杆菌与槲皮素作为主要成分制备可摄入人体的食品或药品。
本发明还提供一种含有所述长双歧杆菌CCFM1113的菌剂,所述菌剂为将含有长双歧杆菌CCFM1113的菌液干燥得到的粉剂。
在一种实施方式中,所述干燥是指真空冷冻干燥或其它菌液干燥工艺。
在一种实施方式中,所述菌剂中长双歧杆菌长亚种的细胞数量≥1×108CFU/g。
本发明有益效果
本发明的长双歧杆菌GDMCC NO:60940生长特性较好,具有一定的耐酸碱性,能显著提高便秘小鼠的总TBA含量、粪便含水量、小肠推进率以及降低首粒黑便时间,有效调节血清中兴奋型与抑制型胃肠活性肽的含量,调节结肠组织中水通道蛋白与肠道收缩细胞发育受体的基因表达,增加姜黄素在体内的生物利用度,效果明显,并且同时避免一些泻药存在的副作用,因此,本发明可以视为一种缓解或治疗便秘的药物,还可以应用于药品或者是一些发酵食品中,从而广泛发挥其作用,具有非常有价值的应用前景。
生物材料保藏
一株长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum subsp.longum)CCFM1113,其分类学命名为长双歧杆菌Bifidobacterium longum subsp.longum,已于2019年12月30日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为GDMCC NO:60940,保藏地址为广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼广东省微生物研究所。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。其中:
图1为不同组小鼠缓解便秘相关指标(排首粒黑便时间、粪便含水量、小肠推进率)的示意图;
图2为不同组小鼠粪便中总胆汁酸(TBA)含量变化示意图;
图3为不同组小鼠血清中生长抑素(SS)含量变化示意图;
图4为不同组小鼠血清中胃动素(MTL)含量变化示意图;
图5为不同组小鼠结肠中干细胞因子受体(c-kit)基因表达量变化示意图;
图6为不同组小鼠粪便中短链脂肪酸含量变化示意图。
图7为不同组小鼠结肠组织中水通道蛋白4(AQP4)表达量变化示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合具体实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
其次,此处所称的“一个实施例”或“实施例”是指可包含于本发明至少一个实现方式中的特定特征、结构或特性。在本说明书中不同地方出现的“在一个实施例中”并非均指同一个实施例,也不是单独的或选择性的与其他实施例互相排斥的实施例。为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合具体实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。
所述长双歧杆菌CCFM1113的提取方法为:
(一)菌株的分离筛选:
(1)使用一次性无菌取便器采集海南省澄迈市39岁成年男子的粪便,将粪便样品在含有低聚果糖的MRS+质量百分数(0.05%-0.1%)半胱氨酸的培养基中,于厌氧培养箱(N2:CO2:H2=80:10:10)中富集12h;
(2)将粪便样品用无菌生理盐水进行梯度稀释后涂布于添加了无菌的100μg/mL莫匹罗星、50U/mL制霉菌素的MRS+质量百分数(0.05%-0.1%)L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐的固体平板上,培养24-48h;
(3)选取符合双歧杆菌基本形态的单菌落进行平板划线纯化,筛选分离出所选菌株;
(4)将上述单菌落培养于液体MRS+质量百分数(0.05%-0.1%)半胱氨酸培养液中培养24h后进行革兰氏染色,选取革兰氏阳性菌进行后续试验。
(二)双歧杆菌的初步鉴定:果糖-6-磷酸盐磷酸酮酶测定法
(1)将步骤(一)所筛选得到的乳酸菌在液体MRS+质量百分数(0.05%-0.1%)半胱氨酸培养液中培养24h,然后取1mL培养物8000rpm离心2min;
(2)用含0.05%(质量百分数)半胱氨酸的pH6.5的0.05M KH2PO4溶液洗涤两次;
(3)重悬于200μL添加了0.25%(质量百分数)Triton X-100的上述磷酸盐缓冲液;
(4)添加50μL浓度为6mg/mL氟化钠和10mg/mL碘乙酸钠的混合液以及50μL浓度为80mg/mL的果糖-6-磷酸,37℃孵育1h;
(5)添加300μL浓度为0.139g/mL、pH 6.5的盐酸轻胺,并于室温放置10min;
(6)分别添加200μL 15%(质量百分数)的三氯乙酸和4M HCl;
(7)添加200μL含有5%(质量百分数)三氯化铁的0.1M HCl,若体系迅速变为红色,即为F6PPK阳性,可初步断定其为双歧杆菌。
(三)双歧杆菌的分子生物学鉴定
(1)取步骤(二)筛选出并且活化3代的菌体(培养12-48h)1mL用于菌种鉴定,6000r/min离心3min,弃上清得菌体。
(2)加入1mL无菌水吹打洗菌体后,10000r/min离心1min,弃上清得菌体,加入500μL无菌水重悬,作为菌液模板。
(3)16S rDNA PCR体系:
A.细菌16S rDNA,20μLPCR反应体系:
27F,0.5μL;1492R,0.5μL;Taq酶,1μL;模板,1μL;ddH20,8μL。
B.PCR条件:
94℃5min;94℃30s;55℃30s;72℃2min;72℃10min;step2-4 30×;12℃2min。
(3)制备1%琼脂糖凝胶,之后将PCR产物与10000×Loading buffer混合,上样量2μL,120V跑30min,然后进行凝胶成像;
(4)将16S rDNA的PCR产物进行测序分析,其测序结果为CAGCTGGCTGGCGGCGTGGCTGTCATCAAGGTCGGCGCTGCCACCGAGGTCGAGGCCAAGGAGCGCAAGCACCGCATCGAAGATGCCGTGCGTAACGCCAAGGCCGCCATCGAGGAAGGCCTGCTGCCTGGCGGTGGCGTGGCCCTCGTTCAGGCTGCTGCCAAGGCCGAGAAGACCGAGGCCGTCACCTCCCTGACCGGCGAAGAGGCTACCGGTGCCGCCATCGTGTTCCGCGCCATCGAGGCCCCGATCAAGCAGATCGCCGAGAACGCCGGCGTGTCCGGTGACGTGGTCATCAACACCGTCCGCTCCCTGCCTGATGGCGAAGGCTTCAACGCCGCCACCGACACCTACGAAGACCTGCTGGCCGCCGGTGTGACCGACCCGGTCAAGGTGACCCGCTCCGCTCTGCAGAACGCCGCCTCCATCGCTGGTCTGTTCCTGACGCCCCGAAGCAG(SEQ ID NO.1所示),并将得到的序列结果使用BLAST在GenBank中进行搜索和相似性比对,选取测序结果鉴定为长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum)的菌株,-80℃保藏备用。
(四)长双歧杆菌菌悬液的制备
将活化3代后的菌液以2%的接种量接种至1L液体MRS培养基中,振荡混匀后于厌氧培养箱中37℃培养24h。在8000g/min,4℃的条件下离心15min,去上清后,用含0.05%-0.1%L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐的无菌生理盐水清洗2次,同样以相同条件进行离心,去上清后,用30%的甘油进行保存,-80℃冰箱冻存一周。在进行动物实验前,将菌液以6000r/min离心5min,再用无菌生理盐水清洗两遍,用10%脱脂乳重悬菌液,震荡均匀后用平板倾注法测定初始和冻存一周后的活菌数量。MRS培养基的配方为:牛肉膏10g;胰蛋白胨10g;酵母粉5g;葡萄糖20g;无水乙酸钠5g;MgSO4·7H2O 0.1g;MnSO4·H2O 0.05g;柠檬酸氢二铵2g;K2HPO4·3H2O 2.6g;吐温80 1mL;L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.8g;调节pH为6.8±0.2;定容至1L。高压灭菌115℃20min。
实验结果:初始活菌数为,1周后活菌数为,数量级并没有产生变化,说明将菌液冻存后不会对实验产生影响,可用于动物实验。
实施例1:长双歧杆菌CCFM1113对洛哌丁胺诱导产生便秘相关症状的缓解
将长双歧杆菌CCFM1113、两歧双歧杆菌CGMCC NO.13632(该菌株公开于公开号为CN106834187B的专利文件中)及长双歧杆菌CCFM642(该菌株公开于DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01721的论文中)菌种于-80℃冰箱取出后,划线于MRS平板中,37℃培养48h,挑取单菌落于MRS液体管中,37℃培养24h,以2%的体积量接种于新的MRS液体培养基中,于37℃培养24h,按照同样的方式再次培养一代,然后将双歧杆菌菌悬液在6000r/min、4℃条件下离心5min,然后用10%的脱脂乳进行重悬,制得菌悬液,用于动物实验。
取6周龄的健康雄性Balb/c小鼠30只,适应环境1周,随机分为5组:对照组、模型组、长双歧杆菌CCFM642组、长双歧杆菌CCFM1113组、两歧双歧杆菌CGMCC NO.13632组,每组含小鼠6只,灌胃菌悬液的剂量为5×109CFU/mL,每天早上9点开始灌胃,每次0.2mL。实验动物分组及处理方法见表1:
表1实验动物分组
在第37天,灌胃结束后,将小鼠单只放入垫有吸水纸的笼盒中,收集粪便,称重即为湿重,冻干后,即为干重,按照如下公式计算粪便含水量。
粪便含水量(%)=(粪便湿重-粪便干重)/粪便湿重
在第38天,空白对照组给予0.2mL生理盐水、模型组和灌菌组均给予0.2mL盐酸洛哌丁胺溶液(10mg/kg b.w),1h后,分别向每组灌胃墨汁,从灌胃墨汁开始,记录每一只小鼠排首粒黑便的时间。
第38天,各组小鼠禁食不禁水过夜。第39天上午9点空白对照组给予0.2mL生理盐水,模型组和灌菌组均给予0.2mL盐酸洛哌丁胺溶液(10mg/kg b.w),30min后,各组分别灌胃墨汁,30min后处死小鼠,打开腹腔,剪取上端自幽门,下端至盲肠,测量小肠全长为“小肠总长度”,从幽门到墨汁前沿为“墨汁推进长度”,按照以下公式计算小肠推进率。
小肠推进率(%)=(墨汁推进长度(cm))/(小肠总长度(cm))×100
粪便含水量、排首粒黑便时间、小肠推进率实验结果如图1所示,由图可知,长双歧杆菌CCFM1113组相对于便秘模型组,灌胃长双歧杆菌CCFM1113能显著提高小肠推进率、提高粪便含水量,缩短排首粒黑便时间,而长双歧杆菌CCFM642则无明显的改善作用。此外,长双歧杆菌CCFM1113对首粒黑便时间的影响较小肠推进率更为显著,明显强于两歧双歧杆菌CGMCC NO.13632和长双歧杆菌CCFM642,这说明它对全肠道的综合影响更为显著。但是总体来说,长双歧杆菌CCFM1113具有良好的缓解便秘效果。
实施例2:长双歧杆菌CCFM1113可显著提高便秘小鼠粪便中总胆汁酸(TBA)的含量
Balb/c小鼠分组、造模及处理方法同实施例1。将第37天收集并且冻干完成的粪便进行前处理:取20mg干燥后的小鼠粪便,加入1mL叔丁醇溶液(体积比1∶100),涡旋混匀,37℃水浴15min后涡旋混匀10s,最后在4℃、10000×g离心2min取上清液。采用总TBA试剂盒,按照说明书相关内容测定上清液中总TBA含量。
总胆汁酸(TBA)是胆固醇在肝脏分解及肠-肝循环中的一组代谢产物,主要分为初级胆汁酸和次级胆汁酸两大类。总胆汁酸含量的变化在一定程度上表明肝-肠循环部分出现相应问题,由图2可知,便秘小鼠粪便中TBA的含量显著低于空白对照组,长双歧杆菌CCFM1113组能明显提高粪便中TBA的含量,且效果比长双歧杆菌CCFM642与两歧双歧杆菌CGMCC NO.13632效果更为显著。由实验结果可知,长双歧杆菌CCFM1113能够通过增加粪便中TBA的含量,使便秘小鼠的TBA含量恢复至正常小鼠的水平,从而使肝-肠循环能够恢复至正常水平,使细菌的代谢产物能够正常发挥其对肠道信号因子的相应作用。
实施例3:长双歧杆菌CCFM1113可降低便秘小鼠血清中生长抑素(SS)的含量
Balb/c小鼠分组、造模及处理方法同实施例1。第39天处死小鼠后,将收集到的小鼠血液静置2h,3000g离心15min后获得血清,采用生长抑素(SS)检测试剂盒,根据说明书进行实验,由标准曲线计算出血清中SS的浓度。
有研究表明生长抑素对胃肠运动与消化道激素的分泌均有一定的抑制作用。实验结果如图3所示,由图3可知,相比于模型组,长双歧杆菌CCFM1113能显著下调便秘小鼠血清SS的含量。由实验结果可知,长双歧杆菌CCFM1113能通过下调血清中SS的含量加速胃肠道动力,刺激消化道激素的分泌,从而缓解肠道蠕动减慢的症状。
实施例4:长双歧杆菌CCFM1113可提高便秘小鼠血清中胃动素(MTL)的含量
Balb/c小鼠分组、造模及处理方法同实施例1。第39天处死小鼠后,将收集到的小鼠血液静置2h,3000×g离心15min后获得血清,采用胃动素(MTL)检测试剂盒,根据说明书进行实验,由标准曲线计算出血清中MTL的浓度。
结果如图4所示,便秘模型小鼠与空白对照组相比,其血清中MTL出现了显著降低的现象,从文献中可知,MTL作为一种肠嗜铬细胞分泌的肽类激素,能够促进胃强力收缩和小肠分节运动,该运动可周期性产生并向小肠远端传播,从而可加速小肠的传递时间,另外MTL尚有增加结肠运动的作用,因此,MTL含量增加能够使肠道蠕动加速,使肠内容物通过加快。由图4可知长双歧杆菌CCFM1113与两歧双歧杆菌CGMCC NO.13632能显著提升便秘小鼠血清中MTL的含量,并且能够与空白对照组相近,其效果要明显优于长双歧杆菌CCFM642。这说明长双歧杆菌CCFM1113可以通过提高血清中MTL的含量促进肠道蠕动。
实施例5:长双歧杆菌CCFM1113可提高便秘小鼠结肠组织中c-kit基因表达量
Balb/c小鼠分组、造模及处理方法同实施例1。Cajal间质细胞(ICC)是肠道的起搏细胞,ICC通过与受体c-kit结合发挥作用,开启信号通路,维持ICC的生长与发育,其数量可以用c-kit的表达量来表示。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)来测定c-kit基因的表达量,首先去要从新鲜组织中提取RNA,具体方法如下:
将小鼠解剖后取出的新鲜结肠组织0.2g在加有液氮的研钵(180℃,4h高温灭酶)中反复研磨,再向研钵中加入1mL TrizoL试剂,继续研磨,待液体基本澄清后,收集至1.5mL无酶离心管中,室温静置15min,向离心管中加入200μL三氯甲烷溶液,轻摇15s,室温静置10min,4℃、12000r/min离心15min,取600μL上层无色水相至另一只无酶离心管中,加入500μL异丙醇。上下颠倒混匀,室温下静置10min,静置结束后,4℃、12000r/min离心10min,弃去上清,留下RNA在离心管底部形成的白色沉淀,加入1mL用DEPC水配制的75%的乙醇溶液,漩涡震荡重悬,4℃、7500r/min离心5min,弃去上清,室温自然挥发干燥。向干燥的RNA中加入30μL RNase free water,待RNA溶解后,以Nanodrop测定RNA浓度及纯度,并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RNA的质量。以提取的总RNA为模板,根据康维世纪公司的HiFiScript gDNARemovaL RT MasterMix反转录试剂盒说明书操作步骤逆转录合成cDNA,-20℃下保存。
小鼠c-kit蛋白基因和内参基因mGAPDH基因引物如表2所示,
表2小鼠c-kit蛋白基因和mGAPDH基因引物序列
qRT-PCR反应体系及条件:
c-kit基因qRT-PCR反应体系为:
c-kit基因qRT-PCR反应条件为:
95℃30s;95℃10s,60℃30s,共40个循环。以mGAPDH基因作为内参基因,通过CFX96Manager软件分析结果。实验结果如图5所示,由图5可知,灌胃洛哌丁胺后,便秘模型小鼠的c-kit蛋白表达量显著下降,说明模型小鼠结肠中Cajal间质细胞的数量减少,但灌胃长双歧杆菌CCFM1113的小鼠,其肠道中c-kit基因表达量显著提高72.4%,Cajal间质细胞的数量得到了显著的增高,且效果显著强于长双歧杆菌CCFM642与两歧双歧杆菌CGMCCNO.13632。因此,长双歧杆菌CCFM1113可以通过增加便秘小鼠肠道Cajal细胞的数量来促进肠道蠕动,从而缓解便秘。
实施例6:长双歧杆菌CCFM1113可提高便秘小鼠粪便中短链脂肪酸含量
Balb/c小鼠分组、造模及处理方法同实施例1。将实验结束前所收集的测定粪便含水量的小鼠粪便冻存于-80℃。具体方法如下,称取20mg粪便,用500μL饱和NaCL溶液重悬,加入20μL 10%H2SO4溶液;加入1000μL无水乙醚,震荡均匀,提取脂肪酸,然后12000rpm 4℃离心15min;取上层乙醚相,加入0.25g无水Na2SO4进行干燥;静置30min后12000rpm 4℃离心5min取上层乙醚相,利用GC-MS测定小鼠冻干粪便中的短链脂肪酸含量。使用Rtx-Wax柱(柱长30m,内径25μm);载气为He,流速为2mL/min;进样体积1μL,按7.5℃/min升温至140℃,然后按60℃/min升温至200℃保持3min,离子化温度为20℃;分析采用全扫描模式,为通过外标法测得标准曲线,从而计算出各种短链脂肪酸的浓度。结果如图6所示,用洛哌丁胺造模后,便秘模型组小鼠乙酸、丙酸含量显著低于空白对照组,而灌胃长双歧杆菌CCFM1113后,粪便中乙酸与丙酸的含量显著恢复至41.85μmol/g与6.085μmol/g,比长双歧杆菌CCFM642组高16.29μmol/g与1.255μmol/g,并接近空白对照组的含量,两歧双歧杆菌CGMCCNO.13632也能提高乙酸的含量,但对丙酸的提高效果不如长双歧杆菌CCFM1113。乙酸、丙酸这些短链脂肪酸能够降低肠道pH值,促进肠道中钙镁离子的吸收,抑制有害菌的侵染,刺激肠道蠕动。但是,对于丁酸、戊酸等短链脂肪酸没有差异性影响,因此,长双歧杆菌CCFM1113主要通过增加乙酸和丙酸的含量来缓解便秘。
实施例7:长双歧杆菌CCFM1113可降低便秘小鼠结肠组织中AQP4基因表达量
Balb/c小鼠分组、造模及处理方法同实施例1。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)来测定AQP4基因的表达量。取超低温冰箱冻存新鲜结肠组织,按说明书用TrizoL法提取总RNA,具体方法如下:
将小鼠解剖后取出的新鲜结肠组织0.2g在加有液氮的研钵(180℃,4h高温灭酶)中反复研磨,再向研钵中加入1mL TrizoL试剂,继续研磨,待液体基本澄清后,收集至1.5mL无酶离心管中,室温静置15min,向离心管中加入200μL三氯甲烷溶液,轻摇15s,室温静置10min,4℃、12000r/min离心15min,取600μL上层无色水相至另一只无酶离心管中,加入500μL异丙醇。上下颠倒混匀,室温下静置10min,静置结束后,4℃、12000r/min离心10min,弃去上清,留下RNA在离心管底部形成的白色沉淀,加入1mL用DEPC水配制的75%的乙醇溶液,漩涡震荡重悬,4℃、7500r/min离心5min,弃去上清,室温自然挥发干燥。向干燥的RNA中加入30μL RNase free water,待RNA溶解后,以Nanodrop测定RNA浓度及纯度,并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RNA的质量。以提取的总RNA为模板,根据康维世纪公司的HiFiScript gDNARemovaL RT MasterMix反转录试剂盒说明书操作步骤逆转录合成cDNA,-20℃下保存。
小鼠AQP4蛋白基因和内参基因mGAPDH基因引物如表3所示,
表3小鼠AQP4蛋白基因和mGAPDH基因引物序列
qRT-PCR反应体系及条件:
c-kit基因qRT-PCR反应体系为:
c-kit基因qRT-PCR反应条件为:
95℃30s;95℃10S,60℃30S,共40个循环。以mGAPDH基因为内参基因,CFX96Manager软件分析结果。AQP4蛋白(水通道蛋白4)是一种可以高效选择性转运水分子的细胞膜通道蛋白,位于近端结肠上皮细胞顶膜,主要参与空肠和结肠大量水分子的转运。若其表达量变高,则证明其数量增多,导致结肠从粪便中吸水增多,导致粪便含水量下降,粪便干结,不易排出。实验结果如图7所示,由图7可知,灌胃洛哌丁胺后,便秘模型小鼠的AQP4蛋白表达量显著上升,导致肠道对粪便中水分的转运增加,从而使粪便干结。灌胃长双歧杆菌CCFM1113的小鼠,其AQP4蛋白表达量显著下降,且下降程度显著大于长双歧杆菌CCFM642组。因此,长双歧杆菌CCFM1113能够通过降低便秘小鼠结肠中AQP4蛋白的表达,从而避免肠道过度吸收粪便中的水分,提高便秘小鼠粪便中含水量,使粪便容易排出。
实施例8:长双歧杆菌CCFM1113可提高姜黄素在小鼠体内的生物利用度
姜黄素(Cur)是一种多酚类化合物,具有抗氧化、抗炎、降血脂、抗肿瘤等广泛的药理作用。由于姜黄素本身体内吸收差,代谢快,生物利用度低,因此,需要研制开发能够增加姜黄素生物利用度的方法。取6周龄的健康雄性Balb/c小鼠24只,适应环境1周,随机分为3组:姜黄素组(Cur)、长双歧杆菌GX17-A9对照组(所选取的长双歧杆菌GX17-A9公开于论文《长双歧杆菌遗传与表型多样性及其与免疫调节功能的相关性研究》中)、长双歧杆菌干预组(CCFM1113),每组含小鼠8只,灌胃菌悬液的剂量为5×109CFU/mL,每天早上9点开始灌胃,每次0.2mL。
实验动物分组及处理方法见表4:
表4实验动物分组
在第35天,对每一组小鼠分别在30min,1h,2h,4h,6h眼眶取血,测定姜黄素在小鼠体内的血浆血药浓度。测定方法主要采用高效液相色谱仪,色谱柱:KromasiL-C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-2%乙酸溶液(58:42);流速:1.0mL·mL-1;检测波长:426nm;柱温:40℃;进样量:10μL。精密称取经真空干燥至恒重的姜黄素对照品10mg,置25mL棕色量瓶中,加甲醇稀释至刻度,摇匀,得浓度为40μg·mL-1的姜黄素标准液;再用甲醇稀释成标准曲线相应浓度的标准工作液。取血浆样品100μL,置2mL具塞离心管中,加入乙酸乙酯0.25mL,涡旋3min,3000r·min-1离心10min。取上层有机相,重复3次,将上层有机相合并,氮吹仪吹干,用100μL流动相溶解备用。
实验结果如表5所示:
表5不同时间点姜黄素在小鼠体内的血药浓度比较
经过长双歧杆菌CCFM1113定植后,小鼠血浆中姜黄素的含量有明显增加,在2h时小鼠血液中姜黄素含量达到峰值,相比于不施用CCFM1113提高了27.6%,这说明长双歧杆菌CCFM1113能够使姜黄素在小鼠体内的生物利用度有所增加。
实施例9:利用本发明长双歧杆菌CCFM1113制造含该菌的发酵食品
选用新鲜蔬菜或水果洗净后榨汁,包括白菜、白萝卜、黄瓜、甜菜、黄桃、杨梅制品中的一种或上述多种的混合物为原料。
对榨汁后的原料进行高温瞬间灭菌,在温度140℃下高温热杀菌2秒后,立即降温至37℃,再接入本发明的长双歧杆菌CCFM1113或含有该菌株的菌剂发酵剂,使长双歧杆菌CCFM1113浓度达到108CFU/mL以上,在温度4℃下冷藏保存,于是得到含有本发明长双歧杆菌CCFM1113活菌的果蔬饮料。
实施例10:利用本发明长双歧杆菌CCFM1113制造含该菌的发酵食品
利用长双歧杆菌CCFM1113作为发酵微生物生产发酵食品,所述发酵食品包括固态食品、液态食品、半固态食品。所述发酵食品包括乳制品、豆制品、果蔬制品,所述乳制品包括发酵乳制品(发酵乳、风味发酵乳、发酵乳饮料等)、奶油、乳酪、含乳饮料以及乳粉;所述豆制品包括豆奶、豆乳粉;所述果蔬制品包括白菜、白萝卜、黄瓜、甜菜、黄桃、杨梅制品。
实施例9、实施例10制备的发酵食品能够显著提高粪便中总胆汁酸(TBA)的含量、粪便含水量与小肠推进率,同时缩短排首粒黑便时间、下调血清中生长抑素(SS)的含量、上调血清中胃动素(MTL)水平、增加结肠组织中c-kit基因和AQP4基因的表达,并且能够增加粪便中乙酸与丙酸这两种短链脂肪酸的含量。
本发明所述的长双歧杆菌CCFM1113可用于含有姜黄素的食品中,不仅能够对缓解便秘产生作用,同时对姜黄素在体内的生物利用度产生有益影响,具有非常广泛的应用前景。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 江南大学
<120> 一株缓解便秘并增加粪便总胆汁酸含量的长双歧杆菌长亚种及其应用
<130> BAA211528A
<150> 202011261103.5
<151> 2020-11-12
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<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<400> 8
aggtcggtgt gaacggattt g 21
<210> 9
<211> 23
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<400> 9
tgtagaccat gtagttgagg tca 23
Claims (10)
1.长双歧杆菌长亚种(Bifidobacterium longum subsp.longum)CCFM1113,于2019年12月30日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为GDMCC NO:60940。
2.一种组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物含有所述长双歧杆菌长亚种CCFM1113;所述长双歧杆菌的细胞数量≥1×108CFU/g或1×108CFU/mL。
3.根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物为功能性食品或药物。
4.根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物为发酵食品,包括固态食品、液态食品或半固态食品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述发酵食品的种类包括乳制品、豆制品或果蔬制品。
6.含有权利要求1所述的长双歧杆菌长亚种CCFM1113的菌剂,其特征在于,所述菌剂是将含有长双歧杆菌长亚种CCFM1113的菌液干燥得到的粉剂。
7.一种药物,其特征在于,含有权利要求1所述的长双歧杆菌长亚种CCFM1113及药学上可接受的载体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的药物,其特征在于,所述药物还含有姜黄素。
9.权利要求1所述的长双歧杆菌在制备具有如下至少一种功能的药物或功能性食品中的应用:
(a)提高粪便中总胆汁酸的含量和/或含水量、提高小肠推进率;
(b)下调血清中生长抑素、上调血清中胃动素水平、下调结肠组织中水通道蛋白的基因表达、上调结肠组织中干细胞因子受体c-kit基因的表达;
(c)增加粪便中短链脂肪酸含量;
(d)提高姜黄素的利用度;
(e)缓解便秘。
10.权利要求1所述的长双歧杆菌长亚种CCFM1113在制备发酵食品中的应用。
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