CN116635465A - 再生增强纤维的制造方法 - Google Patents
再生增强纤维的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116635465A CN116635465A CN202180085700.3A CN202180085700A CN116635465A CN 116635465 A CN116635465 A CN 116635465A CN 202180085700 A CN202180085700 A CN 202180085700A CN 116635465 A CN116635465 A CN 116635465A
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- fiber
- resin material
- resin
- reinforced resin
- Prior art date
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- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 218
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 218
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001749 primary amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003334 secondary amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 41
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 41
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 10
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)CO QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)O MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl methyl ketone Natural products CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RXGUIWHIADMCFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpropyl 2-methylpropionate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)C RXGUIWHIADMCFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CETWDUZRCINIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)O CETWDUZRCINIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PFNHSEQQEPMLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-pentanol Chemical compound CCCC(C)CO PFNHSEQQEPMLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MXLMTQWGSQIYOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-2-butanol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)O MXLMTQWGSQIYOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HTSABYAWKQAHBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylcyclohexanol Chemical compound CC1CCCC(O)C1 HTSABYAWKQAHBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-heptanone Chemical compound CCCC(=O)CCC HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MQWCXKGKQLNYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylcyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound CC1CCC(O)CC1 MQWCXKGKQLNYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZKSECIXORKHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heptan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)CC RZKSECIXORKHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XINCECQTMHSORG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoamyl isovalerate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(=O)CC(C)C XINCECQTMHSORG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKRZOJADNVOXPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid dibutyl ester Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(=O)OCCCC JKRZOJADNVOXPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl benzoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NMJJFJNHVMGPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl formate Chemical compound CCCCOC=O NMJJFJNHVMGPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPXUHEORWJQRHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl isovalerate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)C PPXUHEORWJQRHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)=O CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(C)O QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOCHHNOQQHDWHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCC(O)CC ZOCHHNOQQHDWHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(C)=O MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQLMXFQTAMDXIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCCC(C)C PQLMXFQTAMDXIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)CC(C)(C)C1 HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl salicylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCC(C)O JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC(C)=O XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AQIXEPGDORPWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)CC AQIXEPGDORPWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明提供一种再生增强纤维的制造方法,其为溶剂法且能够针对包含具有呈碱性的化学结构的树脂成分的纤维增强树脂材料有效地回收增强纤维。一种再生增强纤维的制造方法包含:用包含酸的酸性溶液对包含树脂与增强纤维的纤维增强树脂材料进行处理的工序;以及用包含氧化剂的处理液对所述纤维增强树脂材料进行处理,并使所述纤维增强树脂材料的所述树脂的至少一部分溶解在所述处理液中的工序,所述树脂包含具有呈碱性的化学结构的树脂成分。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张基于2020年12月23日在日本提交的日本专利申请:特愿2020-213708的优先权,通过引用援引其全部内容。
技术领域
本发明涉及再生增强纤维的制造方法。
背景技术
作为强化材料使用玻璃纤维等纤维的纤维增强塑料(Fiber ReinforcedPlastics;FRP)是轻量、高强度且高弹性的材料,广泛地用于小型船舶、汽车、铁路车辆等的部件。另外,出于进一步的轻量化、高强度化以及高弹性化的目的,开发了作为强化材料使用碳纤维的碳纤维增强塑料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics;CFRP),用于飞机、汽车等的部件。
近年来,已使用的纤维增强塑料的废弃量存在增大倾向,正在研究其再生利用技术的开发。作为回收纤维增强塑料的增强纤维的方法,主要举出通过热处理来将树脂成分热分解而除去并回收增强纤维的热分解法、以及使用溶剂使树脂成分溶解而除去并回收增强纤维的溶剂法。其中,溶剂法容易进行树脂成分的回收,从资源回收利用的观点来看是有利的。
作为溶剂法,例如,举出在专利文献1、2中提出的方法。在专利文献1中提出了一种碳纤维的制造方法,其包含:将碳纤维复合材料浸渍在酸性水溶液中,溶出碳纤维复合材料的树脂量的至少一部分并获得大致纤维状物的工序;以及将大致纤维状物浸渍在碱性水溶液中,溶出大致纤维状物的树脂量的至少一部分并获得纤维状物的工序。另外,在专利文献2中提出了一种碳纤维回收方法,其具备使用含有磷酸的溶解液,溶解碳纤维增强塑料材料的母材的工序,所述溶解液的磷酸浓度为110质量%以上,所述溶解的工序在所述溶解液的温度为200℃以上300℃以下的条件下进行。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2019-136932号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2020-50704号公报
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题
然而,在以往的溶剂法中,除去树脂成分的效率并不足够高,例如在专利文献1、2所记载的方法中,考虑到包含溶剂的处理液的浸透,将纤维增强树脂材料细小地截断成几厘米左右的片状的基础上除去树脂成分。当这样将纤维增强树脂材料截断得很细时,从纤维增强树脂材料中回收的再生增强纤维的长度必然变短,难以维持包含在回收前的纤维增强树脂材料中的增强纤维的性能,并且回收的增强纤维的用途受到限制。另一方面,为了通过溶剂法有效除去树脂成分,要求在高温等的严酷的条件下长时间进行处理。
另外,在溶剂法中,包含在纤维增强树脂材料中的树脂成分的种类也对于树脂成分的除去效率带来较大影响。例如,胺固化环氧树脂非常难以溶解到处理液中,难以应用溶剂法。对于以胺固化环氧树脂为首的包含具有呈碱性的化学结构的树脂成分的纤维增强树脂材料而言,只要能够通过溶剂法来回收增强纤维,就能够从更多的纤维增强树脂材料中回收增强纤维。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种再生增强纤维的制造方法,其为溶剂法且能够对于包含具有呈碱性的化学结构的树脂成分的纤维增强树脂材料有效地回收增强纤维。
用于解决技术问题的技术手段
本发明的发明人在研究从包含具有呈碱性的化学结构(以下,也简称为“碱性结构”)的树脂成分的纤维增强树脂材料中回收增强纤维的过程中,发现了使用酸性溶液使纤维增强树脂材料溶胀,之后用氧化剂使树脂成分氧化,从而使具有碱性结构的树脂成分有效地溶解在溶剂中。
然后,根据以上的见解,本发明的发明人进一步进行研究,完成了本发明。
本发明的主旨如以下所述。
(1)一种再生增强纤维的制造方法,其具有:
用包含酸的酸性溶液对包含树脂与增强纤维的纤维增强树脂材料进行处理的工序;以及
用包含氧化剂的处理液对所述纤维增强树脂材料进行处理,并使所述纤维增强树脂材料的所述树脂的至少一部分溶解在所述处理液中的工序,
所述树脂包含具有呈碱性的化学结构树脂成分。
(2)根据(1)所述的再生增强纤维的制造方法,其中,包含在所述酸中的成分中摩尔浓度最大的成分的pKa为5.0以下。
(3)根据(1)或者(2)所述的再生增强纤维的制造方法,其中,所述酸包含选自由硫酸、盐酸、磷酸以及乙酸构成的组的一种以上的酸。
(4)根据(1)~(3)中任一项所述的再生增强纤维的制造方法,其中,所述酸性溶液中的所述酸的浓度为0.5mol/L以上。
(5)根据(1)~(4)中任一项所述的再生增强纤维的制造方法,其中,所述氧化剂包含具有氧化能力的酸。
(6)根据(1)~(5)中任一项所述的再生增强纤维的制造方法,其中,所述具有氧化能力的酸包含选自由硝酸、硫酸与硝酸的混合酸、硝酸与盐酸的混合酸(王水)以及过氧化氢与硫酸的混合溶液构成的组的一种以上的酸。
(7)根据(1)~(6)中任一项所述的再生增强纤维的制造方法,其中,所述具有呈碱性的化学结构的树脂成分在主链结构中具有所述呈碱性的化学结构。
(8)根据(1)~(7)中任一项所述的再生增强纤维的制造方法,其中,所述呈碱性的化学结构为一、二或者三级酰胺键。
发明效果
根据以上的结构,能够提供一种再生增强纤维的制造方法,其为溶剂法且能够对于包含具有呈碱性的化学结构的树脂成分的纤维增强树脂材料有效地回收增强纤维。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明的优选的实施方式的再生增强纤维的制造方法的一例进行说明。本发明的再生增强纤维的制造方法具有:用包含酸的酸性溶液对包含树脂与增强纤维的纤维增强树脂材料进行处理的工序(酸处理工序);以及用包含氧化剂的处理液对所述纤维增强树脂材料进行处理,并使所述纤维增强树脂材料的所述树脂的至少一部分溶解在所述处理液中的工序(氧化工序),所述树脂包含具有呈碱性的化学结构(碱性结构)的树脂成分。以下,依次对本实施方式的再生增强纤维的制造方法的各个工序进行说明。
2.1、准备工序
首先,在酸处理工序之前,准备纤维增强树脂材料。纤维增强树脂材料是通过将增强纤维嵌设在基质树脂(简称为“树脂”)中而被强化的树脂材料。作为这种纤维增强树脂材料,不做特别限制,例如可以举出碳纤维增强塑料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics;CFRP)、玻璃纤维增强塑料(Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics;GFRP)、玻璃长纤维毡增强热塑性塑料(Glass-Mat reinforced Thermoplastics;GMT)、芳香族聚酰胺纤维增强塑料(Aramid-Fiber-Reinforced Plastics;AFRP)、凯夫拉纤维增强塑料(Kevlar FiberReinforced Plastics;KFRP)、迪尼玛纤维增强塑料(Dyneema Fiber-Rein(orcedPlastics;DFRP)、玄武岩纤维增强塑料、硼纤维增强塑料、以及它们的预浸料等。在上述的材料中,碳纤维增强塑料的使用量比较多,或者制造碳纤维时的消耗能量很多,因此优选回收并再利用已使用的碳纤维增强塑料以及/或者其预浸料中的碳纤维。
另外,纤维增强树脂材料中的增强纤维既可以以在一个方向上拉齐多个增强纤维的纤维束(丝束(tow))、将增强纤维的纤维束用于经纱以及纬纱的织物或者无纺布的状态存在,也可以以各个增强纤维配置在随机的位置以及方向上的状态存在。此外,增强纤维也可以是片(chip)状,在这种情况下,例如,可以举出切断纤维束的碎布纤维、片状的织物等。
在本实施方式中,构成纤维增强树脂材料的树脂包括具有碱性结构的树脂成分。具有碱性结构的树脂成分能够在将在后面进行说明的酸处理工序中,使酸性溶液中的氢离子(质子)配位并溶胀。相对于具有溶胀的碱性结构的树脂成分而言,氧化剂能够在将在后面进行说明的氧化工序中充分地浸透,其结果促进树脂成分向处理液的溶解。
作为具有树脂成分的碱性结构,不做特别限制,但是可以举出酰胺键、酰亚胺键、偶氮基、重氮基、脲键、氨基甲酸酯键、肽键、异氰酸酯基、叠氮基等、或者从这些派生的、类似的化学结构等,具有碱性结构的树脂成分能够包含其中一种或者两种以上。在上述的结构中,作为碱性结构,本实施方式的方法也优选地能够将具有一、二或者三级酰胺键的树脂成分用于溶胀、分解。
另外,具有碱性结构的树脂成分优选在其主链结构中包含呈碱性的化学键。由此,能够在酸处理工序中,通过与具有碱性的化学结构进行反应使其进一步溶胀,能够在将在后面进行说明的氧化工序中,促进树脂成分的分解以及后续向处理液的溶解。作为具有这种碱性结构的树脂成分,可以举出胺固化环氧树脂、氨基甲酸酯树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、聚酰胺、三聚氰胺树脂、苯胺树脂、脲树脂等,关于树脂,作为树脂成分能够包含其中一种或者两种以上。
此外,具有碱性结构的树脂成分也可以在其侧链包含碱性结构。作为这种树脂成分,可以举出在将在后面进行说明的各种树脂成分的侧链具有如上述那样的碱性结构的树脂成分。
另外,纤维增强树脂材料中的树脂中的、具有碱性结构的树脂成分的含量不做特别限制,但是例如为1质量%以上,优选为5质量%以上,更加优选为10质量%以上,进一步优选树脂由本质上具有碱性结构的树脂成分构成,最优选树脂由具有碱性结构的树脂成分构成。由此,从纤维增强树脂材料中除去树脂以及回收增强纤维变得更加容易。
另外,纤维增强树脂材料中的树脂也可以包含具有碱性结构的树脂成分以外的树脂成分。作为这种树脂成分,不做特别限制,例如,无论是热固性树脂以及热塑性树脂中的哪一者均可。另外,热固性树脂既可以是未固化的,也可以是固化物。
作为热固性树脂,不做特别限制,但是例如,可以举出环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、乙烯基酯树脂、酚醛树脂、氰酸酯树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、聚缩醛树脂等,可以单独地使用其中一种或者组合两种以上使用。
作为热塑性树脂,不做特别限制,但是例如,可以举出聚烯烃、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸树脂、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚醚酮、聚苯硫醚等,可以单独地使用其中一种或者组合两种以上使用。
另外,纤维增强树脂材料既可以是其本身呈板状(sheet),也可以呈截断的片状。特别是,本实施方式的方法能够比较有效地进行树脂的除去,因此也可以适当地应用于以往难以回收增强纤维的板状的纤维增强树脂材料。
另外,纤维增强树脂材料的大小也不做特别限制。然而,当考虑保持纤维增强树脂材料中的增强纤维的方向时,纤维增强树脂材料的一片的长度例如可以是100mm以上,优选为500mm以上3000mm以下。更加具体而言,作为纤维增强树脂材料,例如也能够使用1000mm×500mm的宽度的、层叠的厚度为300mm左右的纤维增强树脂材料板。如上述那样比较大的纤维增强树脂材料难以进行处理液的浸透,难以去除树脂和回收增强纤维。然而,本实施方式的方法能够比较有效地进行树脂的除去,因此也能够应用于比较大的纤维增强树脂材料。
2.2、酸处理工序
在本工序中,用包含酸的酸性溶液对准备好的纤维增强树脂材料进行处理。这样,通过用包含酸的酸性溶液对纤维增强树脂材料进行处理,使酸性溶液中的氢离子配位在具有碱性结构的树脂成分中形成盐,其结果是,具有碱性结构的树脂成分甚至树脂本身发生溶胀。由此,在将在后面进行说明的氧化工序中氧化剂容易浸透在树脂中,促进氧化工序中的树脂的分解/溶出。
本工序中的酸性溶液至少包含酸,任意地包含溶剂。作为酸,可以使用无机酸或者有机酸或者这些的混合物。作为无机酸,例如,可以举出硫酸、盐酸、磷酸等,可以单独地使用其中一种或者组合两种以上使用。作为磷酸,例如,可以举出正磷酸、偏磷酸、连二磷酸、亚磷酸、次磷酸、焦磷酸、三偏磷酸、四偏磷酸、焦亚磷酸等。作为有机酸,例如,可以举出甲酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、草酸等。
在上述酸中,从能够优选地使树脂成分溶胀这一点出发,酸优选包含无机酸、特别是包含选自由硫酸、盐酸、磷酸以及乙酸构成的组的一种以上。
另外,包含在酸中的成分中摩尔浓度最大的成分的酸解离常数pKa不做特别限制,但是优选为5.0以下,更加优选为1.5以下。这样通过使包含在酸中的成分中摩尔浓度最大的成分的pKa足够小,容易在酸性溶液中放出氢离子,其结果是,能够有效地使树脂成分溶胀。此外,在包含在酸中的成分中摩尔浓度最大的成分具有多个酸解离常数的情况下,优选第一级、即较小的酸解离常数为上述的值。
包含在酸性溶液中的酸的浓度不做特别限制,但是例如为0.5mol/L以上,优选为1.0mol/L以上,更加优选为3.5mol/L以上。由此,容易在酸性溶液中放出氢离子,其结果是,能够有效地使树脂成分溶胀。此外,酸的浓度的上限只要可以作为酸性溶液存在则不做限制,根据酸的种类不同。
另外,酸性溶液通常包含溶剂。作为溶剂,只要能够与上述的酸混合,并且对于该酸在化学上稳定,则不做特别限制,例如,可以使用水以及/或者各种有机溶剂。
作为有机溶剂,不做特别限制,但是例如,可以举出醇类溶剂、醚类溶剂、酮类溶剂、芳香族烃、卤代芳香族烃、卤代脂肪族烃等,可以单独地使用其中一种或者组合两种以上使用。
作为醇类溶剂,可以举出脂肪族醇类溶剂、芳香族醇类溶剂、二醇类溶剂等、和甘油等的其他多元醇。
作为脂肪族醇类,例如,可以举出1-丁醇、2-丁醇、2-甲基-1-丙醇、2-甲基-2-丙醇、1-戊醇、2-戊醇、3-戊醇、2-甲基-1-丁醇、2-甲基-2-丁醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、3-甲基-2-丁醇、2,2-二甲基-1-丙醇、1-己醇、2-己醇、3-己醇、2-乙基己醇、2-甲基-1-戊醇、4-甲基-2-戊醇、2-乙基-1-丁醇、1-庚醇、2-庚醇、3-庚醇、十二醇、甲醇、乙醇等的非环状脂肪族醇、或环己醇、1-甲基环己醇、2-甲基环己醇、3-甲基环己醇、4-甲基环己醇等的脂环醇。
作为芳香族醇类溶剂,例如,可以举出苯酚、甲酚、苯甲醇、苯氧基乙醇等。
作为二醇类溶剂,例如,可以举出乙二醇、乙二醇单甲基醚、乙二醇单乙基醚、乙二醇单丙基醚、乙二醇单丁基醚、二乙二醇、二乙二醇单甲基醚、二乙二醇单乙基醚、二乙二醇单丙基醚、二乙二醇单丁基醚、三乙二醇、三乙二醇单甲基醚、三乙二醇单乙基醚、四乙二醇、聚乙二醇(分子量200~400)、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、二丙二醇等。
作为醚类溶剂,例如,可以举出二甲醚、二乙醚、乙基甲醚、二丙醚、二异丙醚、二丁醚、二己醚等的脂肪族醚、1,3-二氧戊环、1,4-二氧已环、四氢呋喃、呋喃等的环状醚、茴香醚、苯乙醚、二苯基醚、苯并呋喃等的含芳香族的醚等。
作为酮类溶剂,例如,可以举出丙酮、甲基乙基酮、2-戊酮、3-戊酮、2-己酮、甲基异丁基酮、2-庚酮、4-庚酮、二异丁基酮、环己酮、甲基环己酮、佛尔酮、异佛尔酮、乙酰丙酮、苯乙酮、二乙基酮、二丙酮醇等。
作为芳香族烃,例如,可以举出苯、甲苯、二甲苯等。
作为卤代芳香族烃,例如,可以举出邻氯苯酚、邻二氯苯等。
作为卤代脂肪族烃,例如,可以举出氯仿、二氯甲烷等。
在上述溶剂中,为了与酸的混合容易,适当地进行酸中的氢离子的解离,优选溶剂包含水。此外,溶剂也可以是水以及能够与水混和的有机溶剂的混合溶剂。作为能够与水混和的有机溶剂,例如,可以举出醇类溶剂、酮类溶剂等。
在酸性溶液中包含的溶剂的含量不做特别限制,也可以是酸等的其他成分的剩余部分。
使用如上述那样的酸性溶液对纤维增强树脂材料进行处理。处理中的酸性溶液的温度不做特别限制,例如为0℃以上100℃以下,优选为50℃以上100℃以下。
用酸性溶液进行处理的时间不做特别限制,可以为从达到目标温度起5分钟以上1200分钟以下,优选为10分钟以上120分钟以下。
另外,基于酸性溶液的处理既可以在常压下进行,也可以在减压下进行,或者还可以在加压下进行。在加压下进行基于酸性溶液的处理的情况下,例如,能够在0.11MPa以上7.0MPa以下,特别是0.11MPa以上2.0MPa以下的气氛下进行处理。此外,当考虑安全性以及经济性时,优选在常压下进行基于酸性溶液的处理。
此外,基于酸性溶液的纤维增强树脂材料的处理不做特别限制,既可以通过在酸性溶液中浸渍纤维增强树脂材料来进行,也可以通过由喷雾器等对纤维增强树脂材料喷洒酸性溶液来进行,还可以采用酸性溶液与纤维增强树脂材料能够接触的任意的方式。另外,在基于酸性溶液的处理中,也可以搅拌酸性溶液。另外,也可以通过固定器具来固定纤维增强树脂材料以维持纤维增强树脂材料的纤维束。
另外,在本工序中,纤维增强树脂材料中的树脂溶胀,但是其中一部分也可以分解以及/或者溶解到酸性溶液。
2.3、氧化工序
在本工序中,用氧化剂对包含用酸性溶液溶胀的树脂的纤维增强树脂材料进行处理,用包含氧化剂的处理液对纤维增强树脂材料进行处理,并使纤维增强树脂材料的树脂的至少一部分溶解在处理液中。就包含用酸性溶液溶胀的树脂的纤维增强树脂材料而言,氧化剂容易浸透在树脂中,其结果是,在本工序中,树脂通过氧化剂有效地分解/溶出。
本工序中的处理液至少包含氧化剂,任意地包含溶剂。作为氧化剂,不做特别限制,可以举出硝酸、热浓硫酸、硫酸与硝酸的混合酸、硝酸与盐酸的混合酸(王水)、过氧化氢与硫酸的混合溶液、高氯酸、氯酸、次氯酸、亚氯酸、高溴酸、溴酸、次溴酸、亚溴酸、高碘酸、碘酸、次碘酸、亚碘酸等具有氧化能力的酸,它们的碱(碱土)金属盐,氧、臭氧、过氧化氢、过氧化丙酮(过氧化氢与丙酮的反应物)等的氧类氧化剂,氯、二氧化氯、溴、氟、碘等的卤素类氧化剂等,可以单独地使用其中一种或者组合两种以上使用。另外,作为碱金属元素,可以举出锂、钠、钾、铷、铯、钫,作为碱土金属,可以举出钙、锶、钡、以及镭。
在上述氧化剂中,从比较容易操作且能够使处理液的液体性质稳定这一点出发,氧化剂优选包含具有氧化能力的酸。特别是,从树脂成分的分解的效率的观点来看,氧化剂更加优选为选自由硝酸、硫酸与硝酸的混合酸、硝酸与盐酸的混合酸(王水)以及过氧化氢与硫酸的混合溶液构成的组的一种以上,特别优选为包含硝酸或者过氧化氢与硫酸的混合溶液。
处理液中的氧化剂的浓度不做特别限制,能够根据处理的纤维增强树脂材料中的树脂成分的量适当地设定。然而,例如,在氧化剂是具有氧化能力的酸的情况下,处理液中的氧化剂的浓度例如为5质量%以上80质量%以下,优选为20质量%以上50质量%以下。
另外,处理液通常包含溶剂。作为溶剂,只要相对于使用的氧化剂稳定则不做特别限制,例如可以将在上述的处理液的溶剂中举出的水和各种有机溶剂单独地使用一种或者组合两种以上使用。
其中,包含在处理液中的溶剂优选包含在上述的酸性溶液的溶剂中包含的水或者有机溶剂。在酸性溶液包含多种溶剂的情况下,处理液优选包含这些多种溶剂中一种以上。由此,在使处理液与纤维增强树脂材料接触时,更加可靠地抑制产生非本意的副反应,或者溶胀的纤维增强树脂材料非本意地发生收缩。
另外,处理液从促进操作的便利性以及基于氧化剂的氧化反应的观点来看,优选包含水或者能够与水混和的有机溶剂与水的混合溶剂,更加优选包含水。
另外,处理液优选呈中性或者酸性,更加优选呈酸性。由此,在使处理液与纤维增强树脂材料接触时,抑制用酸性溶液溶胀的纤维增强树脂材料被中和而非本意地发生收缩。
具体而言,25℃的处理液的pH例如为5.0以下,优选为2.0以下,更加优选为1.5以下。
在处理液中包含的溶剂的含量不做特别限制,也可以是氧化剂等的其他成分的剩余部分。
使用如上述那样的处理液对纤维增强树脂材料进行处理。处理中的处理液的温度不做特别限制,例如为0℃以上100℃以下,优选为50℃以上100℃以下。
用处理液进行处理的时间不做特别限制,可以为从达到目标温度起5分钟以上1200分钟以下,优选为10分钟以上120分钟以下。
另外,基于处理液的处理既可以在常压下进行,也可以在减压下进行,或者还可以在加压下进行。在加压下进行基于处理液的处理的情况下,例如,能够在0.11MPa以上7.0MPa以下,特别是0.11MPa以上2.0MPa以下的气氛下进行处理。此外,当考虑安全性以及经济性时,优选在常压下进行基于处理液的处理。
此外,基于处理液的纤维增强树脂材料的处理不做特别限制,既可以通过在处理液中浸渍纤维增强树脂材料来进行,也可以通过由喷雾器等对纤维增强树脂材料喷洒处理液来进行,还可以采用处理液与纤维增强树脂材料能够接触的任意的方式。另外,在基于处理液的处理中,也可以搅拌处理液。另外,也可以通过固定器具来固定纤维增强树脂材料以维持纤维增强树脂材料的纤维束。
2.4、清洗工序
接下来,根据需要进行清洗。能够通过使清洗液与纤维增强树脂材料接触来进行清洗。具体而言,在上述的氧化工序中,能够通过将处理液置换成清洗液来实施。不过,可以适当地设定清洗时的清洗液的温度和清洗时间。
作为清洗液,可以将在上述的处理液的溶剂中举出的水和各种有机溶剂单独地使用一种或者组合两种以上使用。另外,作为有机溶剂,除了上述的溶剂之外,还可以使用以下的酯类溶剂、酰胺类溶剂。
作为酯类溶剂,例如,可以举出甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、甲酸丙酯、甲酸丁酯、甲酸异丁酯、甲酸戊酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸戊酯、乙酸异戊酯、3-甲氧基丁基乙酸酯、2-乙基丁基乙酸酯、2-乙基己基乙酸酯、乙酸环己酯、乙酸苄酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸丁酯、丙酸异戊酯、乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丁酯、丁酸甲酯、丁酸乙酯、丁酸丁酯、丁酸异戊酯、异丁酸异丁酯、异戊酸乙酯、异戊酸异戊酯、苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸乙酯、苯甲酸丙酯、苯甲酸丁酯、γ-丁内酯、草酸二乙酯、草酸二丁酯、丙二酸二乙酯、水杨酸甲酯、乙二醇二乙酸酯、硼酸三丁酯、磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三乙酯等。
作为酰胺类溶剂,可以举出甲酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、乙酰胺、N-甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、2-吡咯烷酮、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、己内酰胺、氨基甲酸酯等。
另外,也可以在清洗液中包含碱性物质。能够通过用碱性物质进行中和并调节液体性质,来除去在纤维增强树脂材料中残存的树脂成分和其反应物。
作为碱性物质,例如,可以举出锂、碱金属、碱土金属的氢氧化物、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硝酸盐等的无机碱性物质、或二甲胺、二乙胺等的胺化合物,可以单独地使用其中一种或者组合两种以上使用。作为碱金属,例如可以举出钠、钾、铯、铷等。作为碱土金属,例如可以举出铍、镁、钙、锶、钡等。
以上的酸处理工序、氧化工序以及清洗工序,能够根据需要各自进行多次。例如,也可以多次重复酸处理工序以及氧化工序之后进行清洗工序。另外,例如,也可以在进行多次酸处理工序之后,进行氧化工序,之后进行需要的次数的清洗工序。或者,例如,也可以将酸处理工序、氧化工序、以及清洗工序按照该顺序进行需要的次数。
2.5、干燥工序
如以上那样,也可以在从纤维增强树脂材料溶解并除去树脂成分的状态下,干燥纤维增强树脂材料。例如,能够通过使纤维增强树脂材料与气体接触来进行干燥。作为接触的气体不做特别限制,但是从安全方面考虑,优选为空气或者氮气等的不活泼气体。
另外,也可以在干燥时,对接触的气体进行加温。由此,促进干燥。加温时的气体的温度例如为0℃以上400℃以下,优选为80℃以上110℃以下。
在此,也可以根据需要固定纤维增强树脂材料并进行干燥。由此,能够以维持包含在纤维增强树脂材料100中的增强纤维的形状和取向的状态干燥增强纤维。
由此,能够获得再生增强纤维。在本实施方式的再生增强纤维的制造方法中,用酸性溶液对包含树脂的纤维增强树脂材料进行处理,并使树脂溶胀,所述树脂包含具有碱性结构的树脂成分。接下来,用包含氧化剂的处理液对包含溶胀的树脂的纤维增强树脂材料进行处理,并使纤维增强树脂材料的树脂的至少一部分溶解在处理液中。就包含用酸性溶液溶胀的树脂的纤维增强树脂材料而言,氧化剂容易浸透至树脂中,其结果是,树脂通过氧化剂有效地分解并溶出到处理液中。
由此,根据本实施方式,能够采用溶剂法且对于包含具有碱性结构的树脂成分的纤维增强树脂材料有效地回收增强纤维。特别是,根据本实施方式,能够从使用胺固化环氧树脂等的以往难以除去的树脂的纤维增强树脂材料中回收增强纤维。进一步,根据本实施方式,由于能够有效地除去树脂,因此与以往不同,无需在将纤维增强树脂材料截断得很细之后进行树脂的溶解处理。即,即使是比较大的纤维增强树脂材料,通过采用本实施方式的方法,能够用酸使树脂溶胀并促进氧化剂向树脂的浸透,能够进行均匀且有效的树脂的除去。
此外,对于在酸性溶液或处理液中溶解的树脂,可以回收并再利用。
实施例
以下,通过实施例来更进一步对本发明进行具体说明,但是本发明不被这些实施例限制。
1、再生增强纤维的制造
(实施例1)
(i)准备工序
首先,准备了作为试样的碳纤维增强树脂材料。使用的碳纤维树脂材料是长度大约为30cm、宽度为5cm、厚度大约为1mm的板。另外,构成碳纤维增强树脂材料的树脂为胺固化环氧树脂。
(ii)酸处理工序
接下来,将碳纤维增强树脂材料在加热至80℃的40wt%(5.3mol/L)硫酸水溶液中浸渍1小时。在浸渍时,硫酸水溶液的温度维持80℃。
(iii)氧化工序
接下来,将碳纤维增强树脂材料在加热至80℃的40wt%(8.0mol/L)硝酸水溶液中浸渍60分钟。在浸渍时,硝酸水溶液的温度维持80℃。
(iv)清洗工序
接下来,用N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮对反应生成物进行清洗,之后用20质量%碳酸氢钠水溶液进行中和,之后回收碳纤维增强树脂材料中的碳纤维,获得实施例1的再生碳纤维。
(实施例2)
除了在清洗工序中用10质量%氢氧化钠水溶液(2.8mol/L)对反应生成物进行中和以及清洗之外,与实施例1同样地,获得实施例2的再生碳纤维。
(实施例3)
除了如以下那样进行氧化工序之外,与实施例1同样地,获得实施例3的再生碳纤维。
在氧化工序中,进行基于过氧化氢与硫酸的混合溶液的处理。具体而言,将酸处理工序之后的碳纤维增强树脂材料在加热至80℃的95wt%(18.0mol/L)硫酸水溶液中浸渍15分钟,之后,向浸渍碳纤维增强树脂材料的硫酸水溶液,将以硫酸的体积换算相当于10%的35wt%(11.6mol/L)过氧化氢水溶液滴落5分钟。
(实施例4)
除了在清洗工序中用10质量%氢氧化钠水溶液(2.8mol/L)对反应生成物进行中和以及清洗之外,与实施例3同样地,获得实施例4的再生碳纤维。
(实施例5)
除了在酸处理工序中取代40wt%(5.3mol/L)硫酸水溶液使用35wt%(11.3mol/L)盐酸水溶液之外,与实施例3同样地,获得实施例5的再生碳纤维。
(实施例6)
除了在酸处理工序中取代40wt%(5.3mol/L)硫酸水溶液使用35wt%(11.3mol/L)盐酸水溶液之外,与实施例4同样地,获得实施例6的再生碳纤维。
(实施例7)
除了在酸处理工序中取代40wt%(5.3mol/L)硫酸水溶液使用40wt%(5.1mol/L)磷酸水溶液之外,与实施例3同样地,获得实施例5的再生碳纤维。
(实施例8)
除了在酸处理工序中取代40wt%(5.3mol/L)硫酸水溶液使用40wt%(5.1mol/L)磷酸水溶液之外,与实施例4同样地,获得实施例6的再生碳纤维。
(比较例1)
除了省略酸处理工序,并将氧化工序中的碳纤维增强树脂材料向硫酸水溶液的浸渍时间设为120分钟之外,与实施例1同样地,获得比较例1的再生碳纤维。
(比较例2)
除了省略酸处理工序,并将氧化工序中的碳纤维增强树脂材料向硫酸水溶液的浸渍时间设为120分钟之外,与实施例2同样地,获得比较例2的再生碳纤维。
(比较例3)
除了省略酸处理工序之外,与实施例3同样地,获得比较例3的再生碳纤维。
(比较例4)
除了省略酸处理工序之外,与实施例4同样地,获得比较例4的再生碳纤维。
2、再生增强纤维的评价
对于获得的实施例1~8以及比较例1~4的再生碳纤维,通过热重量分析(TGA)来计算残留树脂量。具体而言,首先,一边用300ml/min的流量使氮气流过一边用10℃/min的升温速度对实施例1~8以及比较例1~4的再生碳纤维进行加热,并测定从200℃至800℃为止之间的再生碳纤维的重量的减少量。接下来,考虑热重量分析中的碳纤维本身的重量减少,通过预先测定确认了不存在该条件下的新品碳纤维的重量减少。此外,进行三次上述的残留树脂量的测定,并将其平均值设为实施例1~8以及比较例1~4的再生碳纤维的残留树脂量。此外,未处理的碳纤维增强树脂材料中的树脂量为31.2重量%。在表1中与试验条件一并示出结果。
[表1]
如表1所示,可以确认的是在实施例1~8中能够从碳纤维增强树脂材料有效地除去了树脂。具体而言,实施例1的再生碳纤维与比较例1的再生碳纤维相比,实施例2的再生碳纤维与比较例2的再生碳纤维相比,实施例3、5、7的再生碳纤维与比较例3的再生碳纤维相比,实施例4、6、8的再生碳纤维与比较例4的再生碳纤维相比,优势为残留树脂量少。由此可知,能够通过将酸处理工序与氧化处理组合从碳纤维增强树脂材料有效地除去具有呈碱性的化学结构的树脂成分。
与比较例1的再生碳纤维相比,实施例1的再生碳纤维在残留树脂量中显示较大的差异。当比较清洗工序中的实施例1与比较例1时,在实施例1中清洗液浸透至反应生成物内部为止,相对于此,在比较例1中在第一级的清洗工序之后在反应生成物内部显示出未反应部位(硬的部分)。这认为是通过酸处理工序树脂溶胀从而氧化工序均匀地进行至内部的效果。未反应部位在第二级的清洗工序之后也残留,认为是清洗液的浸透性不良。
另外,在实施例2与比较例2中,并没有像实施例1与比较例1的比较那样显现出差异,其主要原因认为是由于酸处理工序/氧化处理工序均使用了酸性的水溶液,因此容易进行树脂成分的中和反应。
进一步,本次作为试样使用的碳纤维增强树脂材料具有比较大的尺寸,但是在实施例1~8中,能够充分地除去树脂成分。
以上,参照附图对本发明的优选的实施方式进行了详细说明,但是本发明不局限于这些例子。显而易见地,只要是本发明所属的技术领域中的具有普通的知识的人员,在权利要求所记载的技术思想的范畴内,可以想到各种变更例或者修正例,这些也理所当然地可以理解为属于本发明的技术范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种再生增强纤维的制造方法,其具有:
用包含酸的酸性溶液对包含树脂与增强纤维的纤维增强树脂材料进行处理的工序;以及
用包含氧化剂的处理液对所述纤维增强树脂材料进行处理,并使所述纤维增强树脂材料的所述树脂的至少一部分溶解在所述处理液中的工序,
所述树脂包含具有呈碱性的化学结构的树脂成分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的再生增强纤维的制造方法,其中,
包含在所述酸中的成分中摩尔浓度最大的成分的pKa为5.0以下。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的再生增强纤维的制造方法,其中,
所述酸包含选自由硫酸、盐酸、磷酸以及乙酸构成的组的一种以上的酸。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的再生增强纤维的制造方法,其中,
所述酸性溶液中的所述酸的浓度为0.5mol/L以上。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的再生增强纤维的制造方法,其中,
所述氧化剂包含具有氧化能力的酸。
6.根据权利要求5所述的再生增强纤维的制造方法,其中,
所述具有氧化能力的酸包含选自由硝酸、硫酸与硝酸的混合酸、硝酸与盐酸的混合酸(王水)以及过氧化氢与硫酸的混合溶液构成的组的一种以上的酸。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的再生增强纤维的制造方法,其中,
所述具有呈碱性的化学结构的树脂成分在主链结构中具有所述呈碱性的化学结构。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的再生增强纤维的制造方法,其中,
所述呈碱性的化学结构为一、二或者三级酰胺键。
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JP7041084B2 (ja) * | 2019-01-18 | 2022-03-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 炭素繊維回収方法 |
EP3754054B1 (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2024-06-19 | AI-Carbon Co., Ltd. | Preparation method of carbon fiber and carbon fiber reinforced resin composition |
CN111171373A (zh) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-05-19 | 艾达索高新材料芜湖有限公司 | 一种纤维增强复合材料的回收方法 |
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- 2021-12-22 US US18/267,460 patent/US20240042651A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-22 KR KR1020237024823A patent/KR20230124997A/ko unknown
- 2021-12-22 EP EP21910904.8A patent/EP4269485A4/en active Pending
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US20240042651A1 (en) | 2024-02-08 |
JPWO2022138764A1 (zh) | 2022-06-30 |
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