CN116621886A - 一种从草苁蓉中制备草苁蓉总苷的方法 - Google Patents
一种从草苁蓉中制备草苁蓉总苷的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于天然有机化学领域,公开了一种从草苁蓉中制备草苁蓉总苷的方法。该方法是先将草苁蓉原料超微粉碎,然后利用超高压技术进行提取,提取液经减压浓缩、双水相萃取、絮凝剂沉淀、6号溶剂除杂、氢氧化钠除杂、大孔吸附树脂纯化、分子蒸馏等步骤,最后进行干燥获得草苁蓉总苷产品。本发明专利具有提取效率高、草苁蓉总苷含量高、使用溶剂种类和数量少、工艺操作简单、适合工业化大生产等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然有机化学领域,涉及一种以草苁蓉为原料制备草苁蓉总苷的方法。特别是涉及一种利用超高压提取技术、双水相萃取与絮凝技术、大孔吸附树脂纯化及分子蒸馏等方法制备草苁蓉总苷的方法。
背景技术
草苁蓉,为列当科列当属植物草苁蓉的全草,以全草入药。春季采挖,晒干切段。主要分布在中国长白山地区和大兴安岭北部山区、朝鲜北部山区、日本的富士山,俄罗斯的西伯利亚地区也有分布。草苁蓉性味甘、酸、湿,主治肾虚阳萎、腰膝冷痛、小便遗沥、崩漏带下、肠燥便秘、膀胱炎等症,具有补肾壮阳、润肠通便之功效,配合其他药物可治疗梦遗、妇女不孕等生殖系统疾病、老年习惯性便秘、膀胱炎、血尿等多种疾病,还对风湿性关节炎有一定疗效。
草苁蓉全草含8-表脱氧马钱子苷酸(8-epideoxyloganic acid)、草苁蓉苯丙烯醇苷(rossicaside)B、C、D、草苁蓉苯丙烯醇苷A、草苁蓉苷(boschnaside)、草苁蓉醛苷(boschnaloside)、松脂酚-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(pinoresinol-β-D-glucopyranoside)、对-香豆酸(p-coumaric acid)、对-香豆酸甲酯(methyl p-coumarate)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitos-terol)、齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid)、3-表齐墩果酸(3-epioleanolic acid)等化学成分。
草苁蓉中的苷类物质是一种对人类健康有显著保健作用的天然活性物质,已引起国际社会的谱遍关柱。目前国内对草苁蓉中苷类物质的提取方法主要是溶剂回流提取,也有采用超临界二氧化碳流体萃取。本发明采用超高压提取技术对草苁蓉中的苷类物质进行提取,与溶剂回流提取相比,提取得率更高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种草苁蓉总苷的制备方法。本发明先将草苁蓉原料超微粉碎,然后利用超高压技术进行提取,提取液经减压浓缩、双水相萃取、絮凝剂沉淀、6号溶剂除杂、氢氧化钠除杂、大孔吸附树脂纯化、分子蒸馏,最后进行干燥获得草苁蓉总苷产品。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的,它包括以下步骤:
(1)将原料草苁蓉超微粉碎至300目以上,得到粉末;
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的粉末放入耐压袋中,采用超高压提取技术以乙醇为提取溶剂进行提取,首先启动高压泵,将容器内的空气排出后在短时间内迅速将压力升高到工艺参数范围内,在此压力范围下维持一定时间,然后快速打开控制压力的阀门,卸除压力,放出料液并离心,分别收集料渣和离心液,料渣进行第二次提取,提取参数同第一次,两次提取的离心液合并;
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的离心液减压浓缩回收乙醇,然后向浓缩液中加入纯化水至总重量为原料草苁蓉重量的一半,再加入无水乙醇、硫酸镁、聚丙烯酰胺,搅拌均匀,冷藏,最后收集上层溶液;
(4)将步骤(3)中收集的上层溶液进行减压浓缩,再加入纯化水配成一定浓度后,用6号溶剂油进行萃取,收集水层溶液;然后向水层溶液中加入氢氧化钠,搅拌均匀后离心,收集离心液;
(5)将步骤(4)中收集的离心液采用大孔吸附树脂纯化,收集乙醇洗脱液;
(6)将步骤(5)中收集的乙醇洗脱液采用分子蒸馏方式进行浓缩和脱臭,得到浓缩物;
(7)将步骤(6)中得到的浓缩物进行干燥,得到含草苁蓉总苷的产品。
本发明较好的技术方案是:所述的步骤(2)中,采用超高压提取设备对草苁蓉粉末进行提取,提取采用体积百分数为60%~65%的乙醇,提取料液比为1:5~8(m/v),提取压力为110~120Mpa,提取温度为40~50℃,提取时间为25~35min,升压时间为2~3min,卸压时间为3~4秒。
本发明较好的技术方案是:所述的步骤(3)中,利用加入纯化水后的溶液、无水乙醇、硫酸镁三种物质组成双水相体系,无水乙醇加入的质量为体系重量的40%~50%,硫酸镁加入的质量为体系重量的5%~7.5%,聚丙烯酰胺作为双水相体系的絮凝剂,加入的质量为双水相体系重量的1~2%,上述物质搅拌均匀后冷藏2~4h,冷藏温度12~16℃。
本发明较好的技术方案是:所述的步骤(4)中,减压浓缩液加入纯化水配成每毫升溶液中固形物的质量为0.1~0.2g,然后用6号溶剂油进行萃取,萃取2次,每次萃取使用的6号溶剂油的体积是水溶液体积的2倍,氢氧化钠的加入量为水层溶液重量的0.3%~0.5%,搅拌温度为35~40℃,搅拌时间为50~70min。
本发明较好的技术方案是:所述的步骤(5)中,大孔吸附树脂选用D101,离心液上柱流速为1.5BV/h,水洗液流速为2BV/h,洗脱溶剂为70%的乙醇溶液,洗脱流速为2BV/h,洗脱剂用量为6BV。
本发明较好的技术方案是:所述的步骤(6)中,分子蒸馏的压力为20~30Pa,蒸发温度为85~90℃,冷凝温度0~5℃,物料流速1.0~2.0L/min,浓缩至浓缩液中固形物的含量在20~30%之间。
本发明具有以下特点:1)超高压技术可使提取溶剂更好的进入植物细胞内部,实现草苁蓉总苷的高效率提取;2)采用双水相体系对提取液进行萃取,可以有效的将草苁蓉总苷富集到乙醇层中;3)采用絮凝剂去除乙醇层中的杂质,可以提高产品草苁蓉总苷的纯度;4)采用6号溶剂油可以进一步的去除脂溶性杂质;5)采用氢氧化钠处理6号溶剂萃取后的溶液,既可以去除溶液中的金属离子,同时还可以提高杂质的水溶性,从而降低大孔吸附树脂对杂质的吸附性,提升最终产品中草苁蓉总苷的纯度;6)采用分子蒸馏,可以去除草苁蓉总苷的异味,有效提升产品的品质。
具体实施方案
实施例1
取草苁蓉全草lkg用超微粉碎机粉碎至300目以上,放入耐压袋后投入超高压提取罐中,以6L体积百分数为65%的乙醇为提取溶剂。启动高压泵,将容器内的空气排出后,在2~3分钟内迅速将压力升高到120Mpa,然后升温至50℃,在此压力和温度下提取35min。提取结束后快速打开控制高压的阀门卸除压力,卸压时间为4秒。提取料液用管式离心机进行离心,收集离心液至储罐中,料渣进行第2次提取并离心,合并2次离心液。
离心液减压浓缩回收乙醇得浓缩液,浓缩液加纯化水后总重量为0.502kg。然后向浓缩液中加入0.42kg的无水乙醇和0.058kg的硫酸镁,再向其中加入0.01kg的聚丙烯酰胺,搅拌均匀后放置于12℃的温度下2h,分液收集上层溶液。
将收集的上层溶液减压浓缩,然后向减压浓缩液中加入纯化水配成每毫升溶液中固形物的质量为0.11g,溶液总体积为760ml。再用6号溶剂油对水溶液进行2次萃取,每次6号溶剂油的用量是水溶液体积的2倍,分液收集水层溶液748ml。再向水层溶液中加入2.5g氢氧化钠,搅拌70min,搅拌温度为40℃,然后离心,收集离心液。
将离心液用D101型大孔吸附树脂进行纯化,离心液上柱流速为1.5BV/h,水洗液流速为2BV/h,冲至流出的水洗液无色,然后用70%的乙醇溶液继续洗脱,洗脱液流速为2BV/h,70%的乙醇溶液用量为6BV,收集乙醇洗脱溶液部分。将收集的乙醇洗脱溶液采用分子蒸馏技术进行浓缩,蒸馏压力为25Pa,蒸发温度为90℃,冷凝温度5℃,物料流速1.0L/min。浓缩至浓缩液中固形物的含量为25.3%。然后对浓缩液进行干燥,得到草苁蓉总苷纯度为73.65%,重量为29.46g。
实施例2
取草苁蓉全草lkg用超微粉碎机粉碎至300目以上,放入耐压袋后投入超高压提取罐中,以7L体积百分数为63%的乙醇为提取溶剂。启动高压泵,将容器内的空气排出后,在2~3分钟内迅速将压力升高到115Mpa,然后升温至45℃,在此压力和温度下提取30min。提取结束后快速打开控制高压的阀门卸除压力,卸压时间为3秒。提取料液用管式离心机进行离心,收集离心液至储罐中,料渣进行第2次提取并离心,合并2次离心液。
离心液减压浓缩回收乙醇得浓缩液,浓缩液加纯化水后总重量为0.497kg。然后向浓缩液中加入0.45kg的无水乙醇和0.053kg的硫酸镁,再向其中加入0.015kg的聚丙烯酰胺,搅拌均匀后放置于14℃的温度下3h,分液收集上层溶液。
将收集的上层溶液减压浓缩,然后向减压浓缩液中加入纯化水配成每毫升溶液中固形物的质量为0.14g,溶液总体积为600ml。再用6号溶剂油对水溶液进行2次萃取,每次6号溶剂油的用量是水溶液体积的2倍,分液收集水层溶液586ml。再向水层溶液中加入2.5g氢氧化钠,搅拌60min,搅拌温度为40℃,然后离心,收集离心液。
将离心液用D101型大孔吸附树脂进行纯化,离心液上柱流速为1.5BV/h,水洗液流速为2BV/h,冲至流出的水洗液无色,然后用70%的乙醇溶液继续洗脱,洗脱液流速为2BV/h,70%的乙醇溶液用量为6BV,收集乙醇洗脱溶液部分。将收集的乙醇洗脱溶液采用分子蒸馏技术进行浓缩,蒸馏压力为30Pa,蒸发温度为90℃,冷凝温度5℃,物料流速2.0L/min。浓缩至浓缩液中固形物的含量为21.9%。然后对浓缩液进行干燥,得到草苁蓉总苷纯度为74.49%,重量为29.08g。
实施例3
取草苁蓉全草1kg用超微粉碎机粉碎至300目以上,放入耐压袋后投入超高压提取罐中,以8L体积百分数为60%的乙醇为提取溶剂。启动高压泵,将容器内的空气排出后,在2~3分钟内迅速将压力升高到110Mpa,然后升温至40℃,在此压力和温度下提取25min。提取结束后快速打开控制高压的阀门卸除压力,卸压时间为3秒。提取料液用管式离心机进行离心,收集离心液至储罐中,料渣进行第2次提取并离心,合并2次离心液。
离心液减压浓缩回收乙醇得浓缩液,浓缩液加纯化水后总重量为0.501kg。然后向浓缩液中加入0.42kg的无水乙醇和0.068kg的硫酸镁,再向其中加入0.012kg的聚丙烯酰胺,搅拌均匀后放置于16℃的温度下4h,分液收集上层溶液。
将收集的上层溶液减压浓缩,然后向减压浓缩液中加入纯化水配成每毫升溶液中固形物的质量为0.13g,溶液总体积为645ml。再用6号溶剂油对水溶液进行2次萃取,每次6号溶剂油的用量是水溶液体积的2倍,分液收集水层溶液641ml。再向水层溶液中加入3.0g氢氧化钠,搅拌50min,搅拌温度为35℃,然后离心,收集离心液。
将离心液用D101型大孔吸附树脂进行纯化,离心液上柱流速为1.5BV/h,水洗液流速为2BV/h,冲至流出的水洗液无色,然后用70%的乙醇溶液继续洗脱,洗脱液流速为2BV/h,70%的乙醇溶液用量为6BV,收集乙醇洗脱溶液部分。将收集的乙醇洗脱溶液采用分子蒸馏技术进行浓缩,蒸馏压力为20Pa,蒸发温度为85℃,冷凝温度0℃,物料流速1.5L/min。浓缩至浓缩液中固形物的含量为24.1%。然后对浓缩液进行干燥,得到草苁蓉总苷纯度为73.22%,重量为29.54g。
上述实施例只是为说明本发明的技术构思以及技术特点,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明的实质所做的等效变换或修饰,都应该涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种从草苁蓉中制备草苁蓉总苷的方法,其特征在于,包括以下几个步骤:
(1)将原料草苁蓉超微粉碎至300目以上,得到粉末;
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的粉末放入耐压袋中,采用超高压提取技术以乙醇为提取溶剂进行提取,首先启动高压泵,将容器内的空气排出后在短时间内迅速将压力升高到工艺参数范围内,在此压力范围下维持一定时间,然后快速打开控制压力的阀门,卸除压力,放出料液并离心,分别收集料渣和离心液,料渣进行第二次提取,提取参数同第一次,两次提取的离心液合并;
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的离心液减压浓缩回收乙醇,然后向浓缩液中加入纯化水至总重量为原料草苁蓉重量的一半,再加入无水乙醇、硫酸镁、聚丙烯酰胺,搅拌均匀,冷藏,最后收集上层溶液;
(4)将步骤(3)中收集的上层溶液进行减压浓缩,再加入纯化水配成一定浓度后,用6号溶剂油进行萃取,收集水层溶液;然后向水层溶液中加入氢氧化钠,搅拌均匀后离心,收集离心液;
(5)将步骤(4)中收集的离心液采用大孔吸附树脂纯化,收集乙醇洗脱液;
(6)将步骤(5)中收集的乙醇洗脱液采用分子蒸馏方式进行浓缩和脱臭,得到浓缩物;
(7)将步骤(6)中得到的浓缩物进行干燥,得到含草苁蓉总苷的产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种从草苁蓉中制备草苁蓉总苷的方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(2)中,采用超高压提取设备对草苁蓉粉末进行提取,提取采用体积百分数为60%~65%的乙醇,提取料液比为1:5~8(m/v),提取压力为110~120Mpa,提取温度为40~50℃,提取时间为25~35min,升压时间为2~3min,卸压时间为3~4秒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种从草苁蓉中制备草苁蓉总苷的方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(3)中,利用加入纯化水后的溶液、无水乙醇、硫酸镁三种物质组成双水相体系,无水乙醇加入的质量为体系重量的40%~50%,硫酸镁加入的质量为体系重量的5%~7.5%,聚丙烯酰胺作为双水相体系的絮凝剂,加入的质量为双水相体系重量的1~2%,上述物质搅拌均匀后冷藏2~4h,冷藏温度12~16℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种从草苁蓉中制备草苁蓉总苷的方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(4)中,减压浓缩液加入纯化水配成每毫升溶液中固形物的质量为0.1~0.2g,然后用6号溶剂油进行萃取,萃取2次,每次萃取使用的6号溶剂油的体积是水溶液体积的2倍,氢氧化钠的加入量为水层溶液重量的0.3%~0.5%,搅拌温度为35~40℃,搅拌时间为50~70min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种从草苁蓉中制备草苁蓉总苷的方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(5)中,大孔吸附树脂选用D101,离心液上柱流速为1.5BV/h,水洗液流速为2BV/h,洗脱溶剂为70%的乙醇溶液,洗脱流速为2BV/h,洗脱剂用量为6BV。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种从草苁蓉中制备草苁蓉总苷的方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(6)中,分子蒸馏的压力为20~30Pa,蒸发温度为85~90℃,冷凝温度0~5℃,物料流速1.0~2.0L/min,浓缩至浓缩液中固形物的含量在20~30%之间。
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