CN116616316A - Attractant for tea tree pests and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Attractant for tea tree pests and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116616316A CN116616316A CN202310882385.8A CN202310882385A CN116616316A CN 116616316 A CN116616316 A CN 116616316A CN 202310882385 A CN202310882385 A CN 202310882385A CN 116616316 A CN116616316 A CN 116616316A
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- 239000005667 attractant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 230000031902 chemoattractant activity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229960000846 camphor Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229930008380 camphor Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 244000118350 Andrographis paniculata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 241000746375 Andrographis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241001414720 Cicadellidae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241001046947 Ectropis obliqua Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000287 crude extract Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001151957 Aphis aurantii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001048568 Apolygus lucorum Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 206010024642 Listless Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000856 effect on pests Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000010415 tropism Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/24—Lauraceae [Laurel family], e.g. laurel, avocado, sassafras, cinnamon or camphor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/20—Fabaceae or Leguminosae [Pea or Legume family], e.g. pea, lentil, soybean, clover, acacia, honey locust, derris or millettia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P19/00—Pest attractants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses an attractant for tea tree pests, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the attractant comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-15 parts of camphor extract, 10-15 parts of andrographis paniculata extract and 3-8 parts of alfalfa extract. The application combines a plurality of plant extracts together, and solves the problem that a single attractant attracts less insect species. The attractant disclosed by the application can be used for attracting tea geometrid and also can be used for attracting tea lissajous and tea lesser leafhoppers. By utilizing the characteristics of three plant source attractants of the camphor tree extract, the common andrographis herb extract and the alfalfa extract, the three plant source attractants have a synergistic effect in improving the attraction effect on tea garden pests.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of pest control, in particular to an attractant for tea tree pests, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Tea tree is a evergreen shrub plant of the genus camellia of the family camellia, often in the form of a cluster shrub, and is a perennial woody evergreen plant. Tea plant diseases and insect pests are various and can be classified into leaf feeding pests and juice sucking pests according to the harmful characteristics. Leaf feeding pests: the pests directly bite tea leaves to cause damage, gaps or holes are formed in the damaged tea leaves, and the damaged tea leaves are incomplete. The pests mainly comprise tea geometrid (commonly called Arctosphaes), tea caterpillar, tea thorn moth (commonly called spicy), tea listless weevil (commonly called hua chicken girl) and the like. Juice sucking pests: the pests take tea tree juice as a hazard, and the damaged tea tree can have symptoms such as bud and leaf atrophy, growth arrest, leaf withering or falling off. The pests mainly comprise tea leafhoppers, black thorn whiteflies, tea thrips, tea aphids, lygus lucorum, scale insects and the like.
The existing control technology for tea tree pests mainly comprises physical control, chemical control and biological control. The method has the defects of high labor cost, poor killing effect and the like although the method is widely applied. Chemical control mainly sprays pesticides on pests, and although the control effect is obvious, a large amount of pesticides are used for a long time to have harm to the environment. Biological control inhibits the reproduction of pests by protecting and breeding natural enemies, but the biological control takes effect slowly and cannot take effect immediately, and the growth of the natural enemies is also affected by pesticides. Based on the current situation, a new control method which is safe, nontoxic, fast in effect and effective in control is urgently needed.
The attractant is a novel control method which is emerging in recent years, can be used for trapping pests, and has the advantages of safety to people and livestock, no environmental pollution, low cost, environmental protection, high efficiency and the like. Attractants, also known as insect attractants, are active substances produced by plants or synthesized artificially that act to attract specific insects. The plant volatiles guide the phytophagous insects to feed, spawn, find pairs, avoid enemy, and find a suitable habitat, etc., where two or more host plants coexist, the phytophagous insects tend to select for odors of the favorite species. Since plant volatiles are naturally derived and safe in composition, no residue or drug resistance is generated, the use of plant volatiles as insect attractants is a new research direction at present. However, most of the existing attractants only attract one pest, and a plurality of pests coexist in the field, so that a plurality of attractants are needed to be used simultaneously, and great inconvenience is brought to pest control.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the application aims to provide an attractant for tea tree pests, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
the application provides an attractant for tea tree pests, which comprises the following components in parts by mass:
5-15 parts of camphor extract, 10-15 parts of andrographis paniculata extract and 3-8 parts of alfalfa extract.
Preferably, the preparation method of the camphor tree extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing the camphor fruits and the camphor leaves, and then adding the pulverized camphor fruits and the camphor leaves into absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the mass ratio of the camphor fruits to the camphor leaves to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1:1: (3-8), heating at 40-50deg.C for 3-5 hr, filtering to obtain crude extract, and rotary evaporating at 55-60deg.C for 1-2 hr to obtain Cinnamomum camphora extract.
Preferably, the preparation method of the andrographis paniculata extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing the whole plant of common andrographis herb, and then adding the crushed whole plant of common andrographis herb into absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the mass ratio of the whole plant of common andrographis herb to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: (5-10), ultrasonic treating for 2-4h under 300-500W, filtering to obtain crude extract, cooling and crystallizing at 0-5 deg.C, and filtering to obtain solid which is herba Andrographitis extract.
Preferably, the preparation method of the alfalfa extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing the whole alfalfa plant, adding the pulverized alfalfa plant into absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the mass ratio of the alfalfa to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: (5-10), heating at 60-70deg.C for 2-4 hr, filtering to obtain crude extract, and rotary evaporating at 50-60deg.C for 2-3 hr to obtain herba Medicaginis extract.
The second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing the above attractant for tea tree pests, comprising the steps of:
mixing Cinnamomum camphora extract, herba Andrographitis extract and herba Medicaginis extract uniformly to obtain the attractant.
In a third aspect, the application provides the use of an attractant as described above for tea tree pests for trapping tea garden pests.
Preferably, the tea garden pests are one or more of tea geometrid, tea lissajous, and tea leafhopper.
The volatiles released by plants are typically composed of a plurality of substances, different plants may release different volatiles. Most insects rely on specific combinations of substances in the host plant volatiles for host localization, and a few oligovorous insects are host localized by specific compounds in the host volatiles. According to the application, the volatile matters in the plants are extracted, and the three plant extracts are compounded, so that not only can various pests be attracted, but also the synergistic effect is achieved in the aspect of improving the attracting effect on the pests.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
the application combines a plurality of plant extracts together, and solves the problem that a single attractant attracts less insect species. The attractant disclosed by the application can be used for attracting tea geometrid and also can be used for attracting tea lissajous and tea lesser leafhoppers. By utilizing the characteristics of three plant source attractants of the camphor tree extract, the common andrographis herb extract and the alfalfa extract, the three plant source attractants have a synergistic effect in improving the attraction effect on tea garden pests.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
Based on the defect of single species of pests attracted by the existing attractants, the plant source attractants for attracting tea garden pests are deeply studied.
Five plant extracts were selected from the extracts of the various plants using the number of insects attracted as an index of investigation. Two, three, four, five were then selected from the five plant extracts for combination to determine the effect of each combination.
Experiments show that the more the plant extracts are, the more the attracted insect species and total insect numbers are, and sometimes the evasion effect can be generated by compounding a plurality of plant extracts. The experimental results show that: the three plant extracts of the camphor tree extract, the common andrographis herb extract and the alfalfa extract have the greatest number of types of pests and total pests attracted when being combined for use, and compared with a single plant extract, the three plant extracts can be compounded to remarkably improve the attraction effect on the pests, and have a synergistic effect.
Therefore, the application provides an attractant for tea tree pests, which comprises the following components in parts by mass:
5-15 parts of camphor extract, 10-15 parts of andrographis paniculata extract and 3-8 parts of alfalfa extract.
The preparation method of the camphor tree extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing the camphor fruits and the camphor leaves, and then adding the pulverized camphor fruits and the camphor leaves into absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the mass ratio of the camphor fruits to the camphor leaves to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1:1: (3-8), heating at 40-50deg.C for 3-5 hr, filtering to obtain crude extract, and rotary evaporating at 55-60deg.C for 1-2 hr to obtain Cinnamomum camphora extract.
The preparation method of the andrographis paniculata extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing the whole plant of common andrographis herb, and then adding the crushed whole plant of common andrographis herb into absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the mass ratio of the whole plant of common andrographis herb to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: (5-10), ultrasonic treating for 2-4h under 300-500W, filtering to obtain crude extract, cooling and crystallizing at 0-5 deg.C, and filtering to obtain solid which is herba Andrographitis extract.
The preparation method of herba Medicaginis extract comprises: pulverizing the whole alfalfa plant, adding the pulverized alfalfa plant into absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the mass ratio of the alfalfa to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: (5-10), heating at 60-70deg.C for 2-4 hr, filtering to obtain crude extract, and rotary evaporating at 50-60deg.C for 2-3 hr to obtain herba Medicaginis extract.
A method of preparing an attractant for tea tree pests comprising the steps of: mixing Cinnamomum camphora extract, herba Andrographitis extract and herba Medicaginis extract uniformly to obtain the attractant.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical scheme of the present application, the technical scheme of the present application will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The experimental materials used in the embodiment of the application are all conventional in the field and can be purchased through commercial channels.
Example 1: attractant for tea tree pests
1. The raw material components are as follows: 5g of camphor extract, 10g of andrographis paniculata extract and 3g of alfalfa extract.
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a camphor extract: pulverizing the camphor fruits and the camphor leaves, and then adding the pulverized camphor fruits and the camphor leaves into absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the mass ratio of the camphor fruits to the camphor leaves to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1:1:5, heating at 50 ℃ for 5 hours, filtering to obtain a crude extract, and rotationally evaporating the crude extract at 55 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the camphor extract.
(2) Preparing an andrographis paniculata extract: pulverizing the whole plant of common andrographis herb, and then adding the crushed whole plant of common andrographis herb into absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the mass ratio of the whole plant of common andrographis herb to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1:8, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours under the condition of 500W, filtering to obtain a crude extract, cooling and crystallizing the crude extract at the temperature of-5 ℃, and filtering to obtain a solid, namely the andrographis paniculata extract.
(3) Preparing alfalfa extract: pulverizing the whole alfalfa plant, adding the pulverized alfalfa plant into absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the mass ratio of the alfalfa to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1:10, heating at 70deg.C for 4 hr, filtering to obtain crude extract, and rotary evaporating at 50deg.C for 3 hr to obtain herba Medicaginis extract.
(4) Preparing an attractant: mixing Cinnamomum camphora extract, herba Andrographitis extract and herba Medicaginis extract uniformly to obtain the attractant.
Example 2: attractant for tea tree pests
1. The raw material components are as follows: 10g of camphor extract, 12g of andrographis paniculata extract and 5g of alfalfa extract.
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a camphor extract: the preparation method of the camphor tree extract is the same as that of the example 1.
(2) Preparing an andrographis paniculata extract: the preparation method of the andrographis paniculata extract is the same as that of example 2.
(3) Preparing alfalfa extract: the alfalfa extract was prepared in the same manner as in example 2.
(4) Preparing an attractant: mixing Cinnamomum camphora extract, herba Andrographitis extract and herba Medicaginis extract uniformly to obtain the attractant.
Example 3: attractant for tea tree pests
1. The raw material components are as follows: 15g of camphor extract, 15g of andrographis paniculata extract and 8g of alfalfa extract.
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a camphor extract: the preparation method of the camphor tree extract is the same as that of the example 1.
(2) Preparing an andrographis paniculata extract: the preparation method of the andrographis paniculata extract is the same as that of example 2.
(3) Preparing alfalfa extract: the alfalfa extract was prepared in the same manner as in example 2.
(4) Preparing an attractant: mixing Cinnamomum camphora extract, herba Andrographitis extract and herba Medicaginis extract uniformly to obtain the attractant.
Experimental example
1. Indoor tropism reaction experiment
According to the procedure of 1.4 in the literature "7 Chinese medicinal material volatiles determination and research on the attracting effect of Indoctrine larva" (plant protection, 2022,48 (01): 140-149), Y-shaped olfactometer was used for carrying out a trendy reaction experiment on the attractant. The specific method comprises the following steps:
the Y-shaped olfactometer consists of an air pump, a Y-shaped transparent glass tube (the length of an adaptive arm is 30cm, the length of a treatment arm and the length of a contrast arm are 20cm, an included angle between the two arms is 75 degrees, the diameter is 4 cm), a foodstuff throwing bottle, an activated carbon air filtering device, an air humidifying device and a gas flowmeter, and the Y-shaped transparent glass tube is sequentially connected with a rubber tube. The air flow is led to the end of the adaptation arm through the end of the Y-shaped pipe treatment arm and the end of the control arm after impurity removal and humidification. The Y-shaped olfactometer is placed in a clean air environment at the temperature of (28+/-1) °C and (75+/-5)%RH for 10min at 400mL/min to be stable before the experiment.
The experiments were divided into six treatment groups: in the first treatment group, 5g of the attractant prepared in example 1 was added to the foodstuff dispensing bottle to which the treatment arm was attached, with the control arm end being empty. In the second treatment group, 5g of the attractant prepared in example 2 was added to the foodstuff dispensing bottle to which the treatment arm was attached, with the control arm end being empty. In the third treatment group, 5g of the attractant prepared in example 3 was added to the foodstuff dispensing bottle to which the treatment arm was attached, and the control arm was empty. In the fourth treatment group, 5g of Cinnamomum camphora extract was added to the foodstuff-feeding bottle to which the treatment arm was attached, and the preparation method of Cinnamomum camphora extract was the same as that of example 1, with the control arm end being empty. Fifth treatment group in the experiment, 5g of Andrographis paniculata extract was added to the foodstuff-feeding bottle to which the treatment arm was attached, and the preparation method of Andrographis paniculata extract was the same as that of example 1, with the control arm end being empty. In the sixth treatment group, 5g of alfalfa extract was added to the diet feeding bottle to which the treatment arm was attached, and the alfalfa extract was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, with the control arm end being empty. 10 replicates were run for each treatment group; after each 2 experiments, the positions of the treatment arm and the control arm were exchanged, and after each 5 experiments, the Y-shaped tube and the foodstuff throwing bottle were cleaned with 75% ethanol, and after the mixture was dried, the experiment was continued. The control arm and the treatment arm were used as blank control without attractant.
Placing 10 tea leafhoppers hungry for 12h and 10 tea loopers hungry for 12h in the center of a Y-shaped pipe adapting arm, introducing air at a flow rate of 400mL/min under the coverage of black shading cloth, observing and recording the number of insects in three arms of the Y-shaped pipe after selecting for 20min, and taking the insects (including more than 2/3 of insects) moving to the position of 10cm of the joint of the 3 pipes of the treatment arm or the control arm as selection, otherwise, taking the insects as no selection for the sample.
The attracting rate was calculated according to the following formula, and the high attracting rate reflects the large number of the test insects attracted by the attracting agent, and the results are shown in table 1.
Attraction ratio = number of treatment arm test insects/total test number of test insects x 100%.
TABLE 1 results of the test on the trending response of the attractants for each treatment group
As can be seen from the experimental results of the trephine response in Table 1, the different attractants have different attraction effects on the tea leafhoppers and the tea geometrids, and the attractants prepared in the embodiments 1-3 have attraction rates of more than 80%, so that more pests can be attracted obviously. And the combination of the camphor extract, the andrographis paniculata extract and the alfalfa extract has a synergistic effect in attracting pests.
2. Field experiment
The process is carried out according to the procedure of identifying chemical communication substances between tea leafhoppers and plants and verifying functions in fields in 4.1.2 of the attractant formula in the literature (Cai Xiaoming. National academy of agricultural science, 2016). The experimental field is located in the mountain tea garden of the sun city of Shandong province in Ding Guzhuang villages. The trapper used in the experiment is purchased from Beijing Jin Yirun agricultural limited company, and the matched slow release carrier is a rubber plug. The specific experimental steps are as follows:
the experiments were divided into six treatment groups: in the first treatment group, 50g of the attractant prepared in the example 1 is added on a slow-release carrier in an experiment, and then the slow-release carrier is placed in a refrigerator at 0 ℃ until the attractant is completely absorbed by the slow-release carrier for field experiments. In the second treatment group, 50g of the attractant prepared in the embodiment 2 is added on a slow-release carrier in the experiment, and then the slow-release carrier is placed in a refrigerator at 0 ℃ until the attractant is completely absorbed by the slow-release carrier for field experiments. In the third treatment group, 50g of the attractant prepared in the embodiment 3 is added on a slow-release carrier in the experiment, and then the slow-release carrier is placed in a refrigerator at 0 ℃ until the attractant is completely absorbed by the slow-release carrier for field experiments. In the fourth treatment group, 50g of the camphor extract is added to the slow-release carrier in the experiment, the preparation method of the camphor extract is the same as that in the example 1, and then the camphor extract is placed in a refrigerator at 0 ℃ until the attractant is completely absorbed by the slow-release carrier for field experiment. In the fifth treatment group, 50g of herba Andrographitis extract is dissolved in 50ml of water, and the preparation method of herba Andrographitis extract is the same as that in example 1, and the herba Andrographitis extract is added on a slow release carrier, and then placed in a refrigerator at 0 ℃ until the attractant is completely absorbed by the slow release carrier, and is used for field experiments. In the sixth treatment group, 50g of alfalfa extract was added to the slow-release carrier in the experiment, and the alfalfa extract was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, and then placed in a refrigerator at 0 ℃ until the attractant was completely absorbed by the slow-release carrier for use in the field experiment.
The attracting effect of the attractant on leafhoppers was investigated by yellow plates. The yellow plate is vertically arranged in the tea row, and the lower edge of the yellow plate is 12cm higher than the tea shed surface. The slow-release carrier adsorbed with the attractant is placed in a trapper and hung at the position of 20cm below the yellow plate. The blank was placed with yellow panels only. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The replicates of the different treatments were randomly arranged in a tea garden with a pitch of 10m. The number of insect population was 8.6 heads/shutter before the experiment, and the number of insect population was investigated on the 3 rd day after the slow release carrier was placed, and the experimental results are shown in table 2.
Reduction = (number of insect population before experiment-number of insect population after experiment)/number of insect population before experiment x 100%.
Table 2 results of field experiments with attractants for each treatment group
As can be seen from Table 2, in the field experiments, the attractants prepared in examples 1-3 of the present application still have a high attraction effect on pests, and the number of pests on tea trees is significantly reduced. On day 3, the insect species in the trap are counted, and the result shows that the insect species not only comprise a large amount of tea geometrid, tea listma and tea leafhopper, but also comprise a small amount of tea aphid, lygus lucorum and tea thorn moth, so that the attractant prepared by the application can attract various tea garden insects.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (4)
1. An attractant for tea tree pests is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
5-15 parts of camphor extract, 10-15 parts of andrographis paniculata extract and 3-8 parts of alfalfa extract;
the preparation method of the camphor tree extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing the camphor fruits and the camphor leaves, and then adding the pulverized camphor fruits and the camphor leaves into absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the mass ratio of the camphor fruits to the camphor leaves to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1:1: (3-8), heating at 40-50deg.C for 3-5 hr, filtering to obtain crude extract, and rotary evaporating at 55-60deg.C for 1-2 hr to obtain Cinnamomum camphora extract;
the preparation method of the andrographis paniculata extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing the whole plant of common andrographis herb, and then adding the crushed whole plant of common andrographis herb into absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the mass ratio of the whole plant of common andrographis herb to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: (5-10), carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2-4 hours under the condition of 300-500W, filtering to obtain a crude extract, cooling and crystallizing the crude extract at the temperature of 0-5 ℃, and filtering to obtain a solid, namely an andrographis paniculata extract;
the preparation method of the alfalfa extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing the whole alfalfa plant, adding the pulverized alfalfa plant into absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the mass ratio of the alfalfa to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: (5-10), heating at 60-70deg.C for 2-4 hr, filtering to obtain crude extract, and rotary evaporating at 50-60deg.C for 2-3 hr to obtain herba Medicaginis extract.
2. A method of preparing an attractant for tea tree pests as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of: mixing Cinnamomum camphora extract, herba Andrographitis extract and herba Medicaginis extract uniformly to obtain the attractant.
3. Use of the attractant for tea tree pests of claim 1 for trapping tea garden pests.
4. Use of an attractant for tea tree pests for trapping tea garden pests according to claim 3, wherein the tea garden pests are one or more of tea geometrid, tea lissajous, tea leafhopper.
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