CN111084198A - Citrus fruit fly attractant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Citrus fruit fly attractant and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111084198A
CN111084198A CN201911263784.6A CN201911263784A CN111084198A CN 111084198 A CN111084198 A CN 111084198A CN 201911263784 A CN201911263784 A CN 201911263784A CN 111084198 A CN111084198 A CN 111084198A
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bactrocera dorsalis
pinene
volatile oil
asarum
attractant
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徐国良
高惠良
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Guangzhou University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]

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Abstract

The invention discloses application of asarum liaotungi volatile oil extract as a bactrocera dorsalis attractant, a bactrocera dorsalis attractant and a preparation method thereof, and a method for preventing and controlling bactrocera dorsalis. According to the invention, a water distillation method is used for extracting volatile substance essential oil components of traditional Chinese medicine asarum Liaoning in China, and then the volatile substance essential oil components are directly used for attracting bactrocera dorsalis, the effect of the bait is equivalent to that of a smart green bactrocera dorsalis bait agent which is a key recommended product in the current peach industry system, female and male bactrocera dorsalis adults can be effectively attracted to eat, the bactrocera dorsalis adults can be trapped by a specially designed insect trapping device, the harm of egg laying of the female bactrocera dorsalis can be remarkably reduced, the purpose of effective prevention and control is achieved, and the bait is efficient, pollution-free and residue-free, and is beneficial to ecological environment protection and.

Description

Citrus fruit fly attractant and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to application of asarum liaotungi volatile oil extract as a bactrocera dorsalis attractant, a bactrocera dorsalis attractant and a preparation method thereof, and a method for preventing and controlling bactrocera dorsalis.
Background
Bactrocera dorsalis is a worldwide pest of the Bactroceraceae family of Diptera. The insect has wide host range and can be widely parasitized on more than 250 fruit trees and crops. The imagoes lay eggs on fruits, and hatched larvae are harmful fresh pulp in the fruits, so that local pulp tissues are softened, the larvae eat the pulp, and secondary microorganisms infect the fruit tissues to cause fruit rot and fruit drop, so that the quality and the yield of the fruits are seriously influenced, and huge loss is brought to agricultural production in China. Because the insect is difficult to control, has strong fertility, short development period and serious generation overlapping, can be damaged all the year round, is rapidly spread and damaged year by year in south China and southwest areas at present, and is praised as the first killer of fruit.
In monitoring and controlling aspects at home and abroad, in some places, chemical control is mainly used for reducing the influence of bactrocera dorsalis on fruit tree production, and due to the wide application of chemical pesticides, the problem of harm of bactrocera dorsalis is difficult to effectively solve, the pesticide residue problem is caused, the health of human beings is threatened, and meanwhile, the whole orchard ecosystem is seriously influenced. Therefore, a control technology which is effective on bactrocera dorsalis and safe to an ecosystem is urgently needed. At present, two kinds of chemical synthetic baits (such as sex attractant) and food baits (such as hydrolyzed protein) are mainly adopted as the attractants for the bactrocera dorsalis domestically and abroad.
A synthetic formula of bactrocera dorsalis attractant (application No. CN1613309), a bactrocera dorsalis slow-release type attractant (application No. CN1689406), a bactrocera dorsalis attractant (application No. CN1793233), a bactrocera dorsalis attractant (application No. CN1918984), etc., all using methyl eugenol as main component. Sex attractants only attract males, and the species of bactrocera dorsalis complex known throughout the world have reached 75 species, of which 35 tend to cue lure, 26 tend to methyl eugenol, and the remaining 14 have no obvious tropism for cue lure and methyl eugenol. Therefore, the sex attractant can only reduce the mating chance of female citrus fruit flies, and can not effectively prevent and control the damage of the citrus fruit flies.
In recent years, there are also many improved citrus fruit fly attractants, for example, CN102487944A discloses an improved citrus fruit fly food attractant which is composed of the following raw materials: 1L of original food attractant, 50-100 mg of alanine, 1-10 mg of leucine, 5-40 mg of isoleucine, 0.1-10 mg of methionine and 5-80 mg of glutamic acid. According to the invention, the attraction of different amino acid compositions to bactrocera dorsalis hendel is researched, the amino acid composition with the strongest attraction is screened out and added into the original bactrocera dorsalis hendel food attractant, the attraction and the field lasting period of the food attractant are enhanced, and experimental results show that the field lasting period of the food attractant is up to more than 12 days, and the attraction to the bactrocera dorsalis hendel is enhanced by more than 20%. CN102499269A discloses a citrus fruit fly composite attractant. The compound attractant consists of molasses water solution, compound hydrolyzed protein water solution and fruit essence, wherein 0.5-5.0 parts by weight of preservative and 0.01-0.1 part by weight of spinosad are also added. The attractant has a simple formula, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, the citrus fruit fly composite attractant has a good attraction effect on male and female imagoes of citrus fruit flies, and particularly, the total attraction rate of the citrus fruit flies of 10-11 days old is more than 25%.
There are also reports in the prior art about the effect of natural plant ingredients in attracting bactrocera dorsalis, such as mango volatiles (Zhang Shuyi, Shouchun, Li Zheng, and the effect of mango volatiles in attracting bactrocera dorsalis imagoes. the university of Yunnan agriculture bulletin, 2007,22(5): 659-.
Herba asari belongs to the genus Asarum of the family Aristolochiaceae, has the main effects of dispelling pathogenic wind, dispelling cold, promoting diuresis and inducing resuscitation, is a clinically common traditional Chinese medicine, and is mainly used for treating wind-cooling headache, toothache, rheumatalgia, nasal obstruction, nasosinusitis, phlegm retention cough and asthma and other symptoms. The asarum herb has good effects of killing pests, killing mites, inhibiting bacteria and the like. Researches show that the asarum herb volatile oil can exert obvious insect expelling and killing effects by a fumigation method. Meanwhile, researches show that the asarum liaotungensis volatile oil extract has a good inhibition effect on various plant germs and can effectively reduce the damage of the plant germs to plants. At present, the luring effect of the asarum liaotungi volatile oil extract on citrus fruit flies is not reported temporarily.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide application of asarum liaotungensis volatile oil extract as an attractant for bactrocera dorsalis.
The invention also aims to provide a bactrocera dorsalis attractant and a preparation method thereof.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling bactrocera dorsalis.
An attractant for Bactrocera dorsalis (Fr.) Pilat and its preparation method are provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
application of herba asari volatile oil extract as Bactrocera dorsalis attractant.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the asarum volatile oil extract contains levo- β -pinene, levo- α -pinene, eucommia ulmoides ketone, 3, 5-dimethoxytoluene, safrole, methyl eugenol, 3,4, 5-trimethoxytoluene, myristyl ether, 2-thujene, (1R) - (+) - α pinene, camphor terpene, sabinene, β -pinene, α -phellandrene, p-cymene, cineol, terpinene, 4-carene, camphor, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, terpineol, estragoraphane, 4,6, 6-trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-3-en-2-one, 2-isopropyl-5-methylanisole, 4,7, 7-trimethylbicyclo [4.1.0] hept-3-en-2-one, (4s) -1, 8-p-3-one, bicyclo [ 3.0] hept-3-en-2-one, 4,7, 7-trimethylbicyclo [4.1.0] hept-3-en-2-one, (4, 7-methylenazone, 7-methyidiene-359, cinnamyl alcohol-359-7-3-7-tert-3-ethyl-3-methoxy.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the asarum sieboldii volatile oil extract comprises the following steps:
1) pulverizing herba asari, and placing into a distillation flask;
2) soaking in water, and distilling to obtain distilled solution;
3) separating the essential oil part by separating with separating funnel to obtain herba asari volatile oil extract.
A method for preventing and controlling bactrocera dorsalis comprises the step of putting a bactrocera dorsalis attractant containing herba asari volatile oil extract in an area where bactrocera dorsalis prevention and control are needed.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the asarum volatile oil extract contains levo- β -pinene, levo- α -pinene, eucommia ulmoides ketone, 3, 5-dimethoxytoluene, safrole, methyl eugenol, 3,4, 5-trimethoxytoluene, myristyl ether, 2-thujene, (1R) - (+) - α pinene, camphor terpene, sabinene, β -pinene, α -phellandrene, p-cymene, cineol, terpinene, 4-carene, camphor, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, terpineol, estragoraphane, 4,6, 6-trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-3-en-2-one, 2-isopropyl-5-methylanisole, 4,7, 7-trimethylbicyclo [4.1.0] hept-3-en-2-one, (4s) -1, 8-p-3-one, bicyclo [ 3.0] hept-3-en-2-one, 4,7, 7-trimethylbicyclo [4.1.0] hept-3-en-2-one, 3, 3.7-trimethylbicyclo [4.1.0] octoxyne-359, 3-ethyl-9, 3-7-menthene-9, eugenol, cinnamyl alcohol.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the asarum sieboldii volatile oil extract comprises the following steps:
1) pulverizing herba asari, and placing into a distillation flask;
2) soaking in water, and distilling to obtain distilled solution;
3) separating the essential oil part by separating with separating funnel to obtain herba asari volatile oil extract.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the amount of the bactrocera dorsalis attractant is 1ml per spot.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, a water distillation method is used for extracting volatile substance essential oil components of traditional Chinese medicine asarum Liaoning in China, and then the volatile substance essential oil components are directly used for attracting bactrocera dorsalis, the effect of the bait is equivalent to that of a smart green bactrocera dorsalis bait agent which is a key recommended product in the current peach industry system, female and male bactrocera dorsalis adults can be effectively attracted to eat, the bactrocera dorsalis adults can be trapped by a specially designed insect trapping device, the harm of egg laying of the female bactrocera dorsalis can be remarkably reduced, the purpose of effective prevention and control is achieved, and the bait is efficient, pollution-free and residue-free, and is beneficial to ecological environment protection and.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the total ion diagram of Asarum heterotropoides essential oil chemical GC-MS.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It will also be understood that the following examples are included merely for purposes of further illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, as the invention extends to insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention following in the light of the principles set forth herein. The specific process parameters and the like of the following examples are also only one example of suitable ranges, and the skilled person can make a selection within the suitable ranges through the description herein, and are not limited to the specific data of the following examples.
In the screening of the citrus fruit fly attracting effect on various plant source materials, the asarum liaotungi volatile oil extract is found to have a strong attracting effect on the citrus fruit flies, so that a field test of the attracting effect of the extract on the citrus fruit flies is carried out, and compared with the clever green fruit fly bait which is relatively wide in commercial application at present, the control effect of the extract and the control effect of the control are found to be almost different. Provides a new way for the effective prevention and control of bactrocera dorsalis.
Example 1 Asarum heterotropoides volatile oil extract preparation
Cutting herba asari (sand removed by screening) into pieces, collecting 250g, placing into a distillation flask, soaking in water for 1 hr, heating to boil at about 100v, distilling for 5 hr to obtain distilled solution, separating the precipitated essential oil with separating funnel, and bottling. About 3ml of essential oil can be obtained from 500g of asarum sieboldii raw material, and 6ml of essential oil can be used as an experimental sample.
Example 2 preliminary identification of Compounds in Asarum heterotropoides volatile oil extract
First, GC-MS analysis
The GC-MS analysis conditions used an Agilent7890B-5977A gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer.
1. Chromatographic conditions are as follows: chromatographic column, Agilent 19091s-433HP-5MS, 5% benzyl polysiloxane elastic quartz capillary column (30m × 250 μm 0.25 μm); the temperature of a sample inlet is 260 ℃; temperature programming: the initial temperature is 70 ℃, the temperature is maintained for 0min, then the temperature is increased to 75 ℃ by 1 ℃ min-1, and the temperature is maintained for 5 min; then raising the temperature to 107 ℃ at 8 ℃ min-1, and maintaining the temperature for 0 min; continuously heating to 125 deg.C at 50 deg.C/min-1, and maintaining for 5 min; then raising the temperature to 160 ℃ at 10 ℃ and min < -1 >, and maintaining for 3 min; finally, the temperature is raised to 240 ℃ at 8 ℃ and min < -1 >, and the temperature is maintained for 4 min. Carrier gas He, flow rate 30mL min-1, flow split ratio 20: 1, sample size 1 μ L, gasaver: and closing.
2. Mass spectrum conditions: interface temperature 260 ℃, ionization mode EI, electron energy 70eV, ion source temperature: 230 ℃, quadrupole temperature: at 150 ℃, the tuning mode is standard tuning, the mass scanning mode is that the whole scanning range is 50-550 amu, the voltage of an electron multiplier is 1553V, the solvent delay is 4min, the sample injection amount is 1 mu L, and each sample is injected with 2 needles.
As can be seen from figure 1, the peak area of the abscissa retention time at 21.094 minutes is the largest, the relative peak area ratio reaches 24.88%, and the methyl eugenol is identified through retrieval and matching comparison. Each of the other peaks identified its corresponding chemical.
Second, preliminary identification of Compounds
Qualitative analysis adopts computer spectrum library (NIST 2005 in USA) to perform initial search and matching analysis, and combines literature to perform artificial spectrogram analysis to determine each chemical component of volatile compounds. And calculating the determined relative content of the volatile compounds in the asarum sieboldii by adopting an area normalization method.
GC-MS chromatographic analysis results show that the main components of the volatile oil extract of asarum sieboldii prepared in example 1 include levo- β -pinene, levo- α -pinene, eucommia ulmoides, 3, 5-dimethoxytoluene, safrole, methyl eugenol, 3,4, 5-trimethoxytoluene, myristyl ether, 2-thujene, (1R) - (+) - α pinene, camphorterpene, sabinene, β -pinene, α -phellandrene, p-cymene, cineole, terpinene, 4-carene, camphor, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, terpineol, estragophthalene, 4,6, 6-trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-3-en-2-one, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl ether, 4,7, 7-trimethylbicyclo [4.1.0] hept-3-en-2-one, (4s) -1, 8-p-3-menthene-2-ketone, 2-isopropyl-5-methylanisole, 4,7, 7-trimethylbicyclo [4.1.0] hept-3-2-one, 3-menthene-359, guainone, guaranolone, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamyl-3-5-359-.
TABLE 1 Asarum heterotropoides extract content of each main ingredient
Figure BDA0002312299130000051
Figure BDA0002312299130000061
The following examples 3 to 6 are the results of experiments on the trapping of bactrocera dorsalis by the volatile oil extract of asarum sieboldii.
The test site was in Roboashan, Huizhou, Guangdong province. Because the climate conditions in the Heizhou region are suitable, host plants are abundant, and bactrocera dorsalis can be transferred among different host plants, so that the population is accumulated continuously, the population is rapidly increased in a local region, according to the investigation in Boruo county, 10-12 generations occur in the region every year, the fruit damage rate is over 50 percent generally, and the individual orchard is over 80 percent.
The area of the orchard is about 3hm2The method comprises the steps of planting in a piece-by-piece mode, flattening and widening the terrain, growing carambola trees for 3 years, planting in double rows, and planting at the row spacing of 2.2m and the row spacing of 3 m. The test period starts from the young fruit development period to the end of fruit ripening. The fruit fly emergence amount in the orchard belongs to the medium emergence level. The test was carried out continuously in the carambola orchard in 8-11 months in 2018. The application time in 2018 is 9 months and 8 days, 10 months and 16 days and 11 months and 16 days respectively. The method is characterized in that the carambola orchard is divided into A, B, C three test areas according to the habitat situation of the carambola orchard, each area is respectively provided with two test points a and b, each test point is provided with a preservation box (a place which is about 1 meter higher than the ground) filled with a medicament (an extract or a smart green bait), 4 tests are carried out according to the point distance and the placing time, and the quantity of the citrus fruit flies trapped by the preservation box is recorded and counted.
In the test, a 3.5L preservation box is adopted, the middle of a top cover is provided with a hole (the diameter is 3cm), the inner wall is coated with engine oil, another small preservation box is used for containing about 3g of reference substances (a reference group) or about 3ml of the volatile oil extract (a test group) of asarum sieboldii prepared in the embodiment 1 and is placed in the middle of a large preservation box, a cover is covered, a rainproof measure is taken, and the number of stuck insect mouths is checked according to preset time.
The reference substance adopts clever green fruit fly bait, is developed by Nanjing Xinan Zhonglv biotechnology limited, is a novel food bait, has unique trapping and killing mechanism (open type trapping and killing), strong specificity (effective only on bactrocera dorsalis), simple and convenient use (tree trunk smearing), and is a key recommended product of the national peach industry system.
Example 3
The test group and the control group of the fresh-keeping boxes are independently placed at each test point for 5 days, and the two fresh-keeping boxes are adjacent to each other. After 5 days, the number of the citrus fruit flies trapped in each preservation box is recorded and counted (see table 2).
Figure BDA0002312299130000071
Example 4
The preservation boxes of the test group and the control group are respectively placed at the test points a and b for 5 days, then the two preservation boxes are placed for 5 days by changing the positions, and the distance between 2 preservation boxes is about 5 meters. After 10 days, the number of the citrus fruit flies trapped in each fresh keeping box is recorded and counted (see table 3).
Figure BDA0002312299130000072
Figure BDA0002312299130000081
Example 5
The preservation boxes of the test group and the control group are respectively placed at the test points a and b for 5 days, then the two preservation boxes are placed for 5 days by changing the positions, and the distance between 2 preservation boxes is about 10 meters. After 10 days, the number of the citrus fruit flies trapped in each fresh keeping box is recorded and counted (see table 4).
Figure BDA0002312299130000082
Example 6
The fresh-keeping boxes of the test group and the control group are respectively placed at the test points a and b for 5 days, the positions of the two fresh-keeping boxes containing the medicaments are changed again for 5 days, and the distance between the 2 fresh-keeping boxes is about 20 meters. After 10 days, the number of the citrus fruit flies trapped in each fresh keeping box is recorded and counted (see table 5).
Figure BDA0002312299130000083

Claims (7)

1. Application of herba asari volatile oil extract as Bactrocera dorsalis attractant.
2. The use of claim 1, wherein the volatile oil extract of Asarum heterotropoides Miq.S. Pat. No. 4 contains L- β -pinene, L- α -pinene, eucommone, 3, 5-dimethoxytoluene, safrole, methyl eugenol, 3,4, 5-trimethoxytoluene, myristyl ether, 2-thujene, (1R) - (+) - α pinene, camphorterpene, sabinene, β -pinene, α -phellandrene, p-cymene, cineole, terpinene, 4-carene, camphor, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, terpineol, estragole, 4,6, 6-trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-3-en-2-one, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl ether, 4,7, 7-trimethylbicyclo [4.1.0] hept-3-en-2-one, (4s) -1, 8-p-3-menthene-2-ketone, 3-methylisoprene, 4,7, 7-trimethylbicyclo [4.1.0] hept-3-ene-2-ketone, 3-methy-menthene-7, 7-t-menthene, patchoulene, 7, patchoulene, patchoul.
3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the asarum Liaoning volatile oil extract comprises the following steps:
1) pulverizing herba asari, and placing into a distillation flask;
2) soaking in water, and distilling to obtain distilled solution;
3) separating the essential oil part by separating with separating funnel to obtain herba asari volatile oil extract.
4. A method for preventing and controlling bactrocera dorsalis is characterized in that: the citrus fruit fly attractant is put in a region where citrus fruit flies need to be prevented and controlled, and the citrus fruit fly attractant contains the asarum liaisoni volatile oil extract.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the volatile oil extract of Asarum heterotropoides Miq.S. Pat. No. 4 comprises L- β -pinene, L- α -pinene, eucomm-ne, 3, 5-dimethoxytoluene, safrole, methyl eugenol, 3,4, 5-trimethoxytoluene, myristyl ether, 2-thujene, (1R) - (+) - α pinene, camphorterpene, sabinene, β -pinene, α -phellandrene, p-cymene, cineole, terpinene, 4-carene, camphor, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, terpineol, estragole, 4,6, 6-trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-3-en-2-one, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl ether, 4,7, 7-trimethylbicyclo [4.1.0] hept-3-en-2-one, (4s) -1, 8-p-3-methy-menthene-2-one, 3, 3.0] methy-methy ether, 4,7, 7-trimethylbicyclo [4.1.0] hept-2-one, 3-methy-2-menthene-3-2-one, 3, 7, 7-menthene-3-9-methoxy-9-3-o-menthene, 7-9-dihydroeugenol, 3-menthone, terpinol, 3-menthone, terpinol, 3-o-2-methyl-2-menthone, terpinones, 3-menthone, 3-o-menthone, 3-menthone.
6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: the preparation method of the asarum Liaoning volatile oil extract comprises the following steps:
1) pulverizing herba asari, and placing into a distillation flask;
2) soaking in water, and distilling to obtain distilled solution;
3) separating the essential oil part by separating with separating funnel to obtain herba asari volatile oil extract.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein: the adding amount of the bactrocera dorsalis attractant is 1ml per point.
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