CN116606898A - 一种瓦尼桑黄与粗毛纤孔菌共发酵提高胞外多糖产量的方法及制备的多糖和应用 - Google Patents
一种瓦尼桑黄与粗毛纤孔菌共发酵提高胞外多糖产量的方法及制备的多糖和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于微生物技术领域,公开了一种瓦尼桑黄与粗毛纤孔菌共发酵提高胞外多糖产量的方法及制备的多糖和应用,通过该方法二者发挥协同作用,提高菌类胞外多糖的产量及抗肿瘤活性。本发明首次利用了瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌进行共同发酵,在优化了发酵培养基的基础上,利用二者丰富的酶系充分转化了发酵底物,从而提升了胞外多糖产量,并且提高了胞外多糖的抗肿瘤活性,为瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌多糖产品的开发提供了物质基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物技术领域,涉及到一种瓦尼桑黄与粗毛纤孔菌共发酵提高胞外多糖产量的方法及制备的多糖和应用。
背景技术
瓦尼桑黄(Sanghuangporus vaninii)是一种重要的药用大型真菌,隶属于担子菌门Basid iomycetes、伞菌纲Agaricomycetes、多孔菌目Polyporales、多孔菌科Polyporaceae、桑黄孔菌属Sanghuangporus,研究表明瓦尼桑黄有效成分有多糖类、甾类、三萜类、黄酮类、吡喃酮类、多酚类、香豆素类、生物碱、氨基酸等,其功效包括抗肿瘤、保肝、降血糖、抗血管生成、抗炎症、抗氧化等,主要用于预防或治疗癌症、糖尿病、关节炎;胃肠道功能紊乱、腹泻和过敏,在东亚地区尤其是中国、日本和韩国具有广泛的应用。
粗毛纤孔菌(Inonotus hispidus)也是一种重要的大型药用真菌,隶属于担子菌门(BaSidiomycota),伞菌纲(Agaricomycetes),锈革孔菌目(Hymenochaeta les),锈革孔菌科(Hymenochaetaceae),纤孔菌属(Inonotus),是一种生长在温带的木腐菌,常见于桑树、水曲柳、榆树、杨树和日本槐上。粗毛纤孔菌具有重要的药用价值,在中国东北常用于治疗消化不良等胃病,新疆南部维吾尔族作为中药材采集入药,主要用于治疗癌症、糖尿病、痛风和关节炎等疑难疾病。随着对粗毛纤孔菌研究的深入,发现粗毛纤孔菌的子实体还具有其它多种药物活性,比如抗氧化、抗病毒和提高免疫力等作用,还有多种抗肿瘤活性成分。
多糖是瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌的主要的活性成分之一,存在于子实体、菌丝体和发酵液中,分为子实体多糖、菌丝体胞内多糖和胞外多糖(EPS,发酵液提取物),有研究表明瓦尼桑黄多糖不仅抑制肿瘤的生长,而且抑制肿瘤的转移。瓦尼桑黄与其它抗肿瘤真菌药物如灵芝、阿加里斯茸相比,其对小鼠胃癌的抑制率和小鼠S180的抑制率最高,且无毒副作用。有研究发现粗毛纤孔菌子实体中的粗多糖含量为4.1%,粗多糖对H22荷瘤小鼠显示出较强的抗肿瘤活性。有研究证实粗毛纤孔菌子实体和菌丝体中提取到的多糖成分对急性酒精肝损伤小鼠具有一定的保护作用。粗毛纤孔菌的多糖也具有较好的抗氧化活性。
目前瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌的多糖主要从子实体中或菌丝体中提取,然而野生瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌资源逐渐稀少,人工栽培难度大、成本高、生物学转化率低,造成瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌子实体来源紧缺,阻碍了瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌多糖相关产品的进一步开发和利用。研究证实大型真菌可产生丰富的代谢产物,通过液体发酵获取活性胞外多糖是一种重要途径,具有生产周期短和可自动化操作的优点,易于工厂化、规模化生产,但目前瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌单菌种发酵产生的多糖和活性还有待进一步提高。
因此,本发明探索了瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌新的发酵模式,首次利用了瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌进行共同发酵,在优化了发酵培养基的基础上,利用二者丰富的酶系充分转化了发酵底物,从而提升了胞外多糖产量,并且提高了胞外多糖的抗肿瘤活性,为瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌多糖产品的开发提供了物质基础。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌共发酵的方法及其制备的多糖和应用,通过该方法二者发挥协同作用,提高菌类胞外多糖的产量及抗肿瘤活性。具体如下:
一种瓦尼桑黄(Sanghuangporus vaninii)与粗毛纤孔菌(Inonotus hispidus)共发酵提高胞外多糖产量的方法。
所述的方法,在共发酵培养基中先接种瓦尼桑黄种子液进行培养,再接种粗毛纤孔菌种子液共同发酵。
所述的方法,在共发酵培养基中先接种瓦尼桑黄种子液进行培养4-6天后,再接种粗毛纤孔菌种子液共同发酵9-11天。
所述的方法,
瓦尼桑黄种子液接种量为每升共发酵培养基接种8-12mL,粗毛纤孔菌种子液接种量为每升共发酵培养基接种4-6mL,获得共同发酵的上清液。
进一步地,利用3层纱布过滤菌丝体,获得共同发酵的上清液。
对粗毛纤孔菌和瓦尼桑黄的共发酵上清液中的胞外多糖进行提取分离,将提取到多糖利用体外细胞实验分析共发酵胞外多糖对肿瘤细胞的抑制活性。
所述的方法,瓦尼桑黄种子液的制备:
瓦尼桑黄菌块接种到瓦尼桑黄种子培养基中,转速140-180r/min,培养温度24-28℃,发酵10-14天后获得瓦尼桑黄种子液;
所述的瓦尼桑黄种子培养基为:葡萄糖25g/L,蛋白胨10g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1g/L,KH2PO4 1.5g/L,维生素VB1 0.05g/L,pH 7.0。
所述的方法,粗毛纤孔菌种子液的制备:
粗毛纤孔菌种子液的制备:
粗毛纤孔菌菌块接种到粗毛纤孔菌种子培养基中,转速140-180r/min,培养温度24-28℃,发酵6-8天后获得粗毛纤孔菌种子液;
所述的粗毛纤孔菌种子培养基为:可溶性淀粉30g/L,酵母粉15g/L,MgSO4·7H2O1.0g/L,KH2PO4 2.0g/L,维生素VB1 0.05g/L,pH6.5。
所述的方法,所述的共发酵培养基为:葡萄糖40g/L,蛋白胨10g/L,酵母粉10g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1g/L,KH2PO4 1.5g/L;pH 7.0。
本发明还提供了所述的方法制备得到的胞外多糖。
本发明还提供了所述的胞外多糖在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
本发明的有益效果体现在:
首次利用了瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌进行共同发酵培养,且二者共发酵所产生的胞外多糖和菌丝体的产量均高于瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌的单菌种发酵之和,且共发酵所产生的胞外多糖对肿瘤细胞的抑制活性也明显高于单菌种发酵。本发明显著降低了菌类多糖产品开发的成本,促进人类健康事业的进一步发展,具有重要的经济效益和社会效益。
附图说明
图1:共发酵培养基的初步优化;
A:不同碳源对多糖产量的影响;B:不同氮源对多糖产量的影响;C:不同无机盐对多糖产量的影响;D:不同生长因子对多糖产量的影响。
图2:共发酵和单菌种发酵条件下发酵液的形态比较;
A:共发酵菌丝形态;B:瓦尼桑黄单菌种发酵;C:粗毛纤孔菌单菌种发酵;
图3:共发酵和单菌种发酵多糖产量的比较;
图4:共发酵多糖与单菌种发酵多糖活性的比较。
具体实施方式:
以下将结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,而不会形成对本发明的限制。
本发明两种菌的购买来源为中国普通微生物菌种保藏中心,粗毛纤孔菌菌株号为CGMCC 3.15188,瓦尼桑黄菌株号为CGMCC5.891。
实施例1瓦尼桑黄种子液的制备
严格按照无菌操作的要求,用接种钩从斜面菌种刮取一小菌块,转接至新鲜的含PDA培养基的平面培养皿中央,28℃正置恒温培养,待菌丝长满培养皿后,放置于4℃冰箱中备用。利用菌种打孔器,在平面培养皿打取同样大小的菌块,每块大小为0.5cm2,液体发酵培养时,每个500mL的培养瓶的装液量为200mL。每瓶接种菌块4个,瓦尼桑黄种子液的培养基配方为:葡萄糖25g/L,蛋白胨10g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1g/L,KH2PO4 1.5g/L,维生素VB10.05g/L。培养条件为:pH 7.0,转速160r/min,培养温度26℃,培养时间14d。将得到的种子液放置于4℃条件下储存备用。
实施例2粗毛纤孔菌种子液的制备
严格按照无菌操作的要求,用接种钩从斜面菌种刮取一小菌块,转接至新鲜的含PDA培养基的平面培养皿中央,28℃正置恒温培养,待菌丝长满培养皿后,放置于4℃冰箱中备用。利用菌种打孔器,在平面培养皿打取同样大小的菌块,每块大小为0.5cm2,液体发酵培养时,每个500mL的培养瓶的装液量为200mL。每瓶接种菌块4个,粗毛纤孔菌种子液的培养基配方为:可溶性淀粉30g/L,酵母粉15g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1.0g/L,KH2PO4 2.0g/L,维生素VB1 0.05g/L。培养条件为:pH 6.5,转速160r/min,培养温度26℃,培养时间7d。将得到的种子液放置于4℃条件下储存备用。
实施例3共发酵培养基的优化
将瓦尼桑黄的种子液以1%(V/V)的接种量接种至共发酵基础培养基,培养5d后再将粗毛纤孔菌的种子液以0.5%(V/V)的接种量接种至共发酵基础培养基。基础培养基配方为:葡萄糖40g/L,酵母粉15g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1g/L,KH2PO4 1.2g/L,VB1 0.05g/L。共发酵条件为:pH 7.0,转速180r/min,培养温度28℃,培养时间10d。每个500mL的培养瓶的装液量为200mL共发酵基础培养基。
(1)碳源筛选:在除去碳源的基础培养基配方中,分别以葡萄糖、可溶性淀粉、蔗糖、玉米粉、大米粉、乳糖、土豆粉为碳源,40g/L添加量,分析不同碳源对菌丝体和多糖产量的影响。发现以葡萄糖为碳源时,菌丝体和多糖产量均高于其它碳源,分别达到34.2g/L、2.78g/L,其次是可溶性淀粉和蔗糖,故选择葡萄糖作为碳源。
(2)氮源筛选:除氮源外的基础培养基中,以15g/L的酵母粉、蛋白胨、牛肉膏、硝酸钾、谷氨酸、尿素和10g/L的酵母粉加10g/L的蛋白胨为氮源,在pH7,180r/min转速,培养温度28℃的条件下培养10d后,分析不同氮源对菌丝体和多糖产量的影响。发现在以蛋白胨加酵母粉作为氮源的培养基中,菌丝体及多糖产量均高于其它有机氮源,分别达到31.5g/L、2.82g/L,其次是酵母粉和蛋白胨,故选择10g/L的酵母粉加10g/L的蛋白胨作为氮源。
(3)无机盐筛选:除无机盐外的基础培养基中,分别以1g/L MgSO4·7H2O、KH2PO4、ZnSO4·7H2O、CaCl2、FeSO4·7H2O和1g/L MgSO4·7H2O加1.5g/L KH2PO4的混合为无机盐,pH7,180r/min转速,培养温度28℃,培养10d后,分析不同无机盐对菌丝体和多糖产量的影响。发现在以1g/L MgSO4·7H2O加1.5g/L KH2PO4的混合无机盐时比添加其它无机盐时菌丝体及多糖产量,分别达到30.9g/L、2.76g/L。
(4)生长因子筛选:除维生素外的基础培养基中,分别以0.05g/L VB1、叶酸、维生素C和维生素D为生长因子,以不加维生素为对照,pH 7,180r/min转速,培养温度28℃,培养10d后,分析不同维生素对菌丝体和多糖产量的影响。发现在不添加任何维生素与添加维生素做生长因子的情况下,菌丝体和多糖产量无明显差异。因此,本培养基配方可以实验不加任何生长因子的情况下实现多糖的高产。
(5)菌丝体产量的测定:将发酵上清液收集后用3层无菌纱布过滤,将纱布上的菌丝体用无菌水淋洗后,将菌丝体在烘箱65℃烘干,称重得菌丝体产量。
(6)多糖含量的测定:多糖含量=总糖含量-还原糖含量。总糖的测定用苯酚-硫酸法,单糖测定用DNS法(3,5-二硝基水杨酸法)。
结果见图1。
实施例4共发酵与单菌种发酵胞外多糖产量的比较。
共发酵:将瓦尼桑黄的种子液以1%(V/V)的接种量接种至共发酵基础培养基,培养5d后再将粗毛纤孔菌的种子液以0.5%(V/V)的接种量接种至优化后的共发酵培养基发酵10d。共发酵培养基配方为:葡萄糖40g/L,蛋白胨10g/L,酵母粉10g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1g/L,KH2PO4 1.5g/L。
单菌种发酵:将瓦尼桑黄的种子液以1%(V/V)和粗毛纤孔菌的种子液以0.5%(V/V)的接种量接种至共发酵培养基发酵10d。
每个500mL的培养瓶的装液量为200mL培养基。
共发酵和单菌种发酵均在pH 7.0,转速180r/min,焙养温度28℃的条件下,收集发酵上清液,分别测定共发酵和单菌种发酵的上清液中多糖的产量。
发现共发酵条件下,发酵液的形态明显不同于单种发酵,菌丝密度和产量均明显高于单菌种发酵。且共发酵条件下,胞外多糖的产量明显高于瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌的单独发酵,且大于瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌的单独发酵的总和。本共发酵工艺条件下,胞外多糖的产量达到了2.83g/L,而瓦尼桑黄单独发酵所产生的胞外多糖的产量为:1.51g/L,粗毛纤孔菌单独发酵所产生的胞外多糖的产量为1.03g/L。因此,利用瓦尼桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌的共发酵能明显提高胞外总多糖,为菌类的多糖的开发利用提高重要的物质基础。
结果见图2和图3。
实施例5共发酵与单菌种发酵胞外多糖活性的比较。
(1)多糖的提取:收集实施例4中共发酵和单菌种发酵的上清液后,将上清液旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的1/3,加入无水乙醇至终浓度为80%,4℃放置24h,然后离心取沉淀,Sevag法脱蛋白,冷冻干燥后得到的为多糖,-20℃保藏备用。
(2)多糖对HeLa肿瘤细胞的抑制率
将共发酵和单菌种产生的多糖用无菌水配比成不同浓度梯度:1、2、4、8、16、32、64mg/mL,无菌水为对照,在96孔板中接种HeLa肿瘤细胞和正常细胞HUVEC,每孔1×103cellS/100μL,加样体积20μL,置于5%CO2培养箱中培养48h后,用MTT法计算活性组分对肿瘤细胞的抑制率,并用SPSS13.0软件计算活性物质的半致死浓度IC50。结果发现,共发酵、瓦尼桑黄单菌种、粗毛纤孔菌单菌种产生的多糖对肿瘤细胞的抑制均呈现明显的剂效关系,多糖对HeLa肿瘤细胞的半数抑制率(IC50)分别为5.2mg/mL、8.7mg/mL、22.1mg/mL。共发酵所产生的胞外多糖的抗肿瘤活性明显高于单菌种发酵。
结果见图4。
Claims (9)
1.一种瓦尼桑黄(Sanghuangprous vaninii)与粗毛纤孔菌(Inonotus hispidus)共发酵提高胞外多糖产量的方法。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在共发酵培养基中先接种瓦尼桑黄种子液进行培养,再接种粗毛纤孔菌种子液共同发酵。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在共发酵培养基中先接种瓦尼桑黄种子液进行培养4-6天后,再接种粗毛纤孔菌种子液共同发酵9-11天。
4.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,
瓦尼桑黄种子液接种量为每升共发酵培养基接种8-12mL,粗毛纤孔菌种子液接种量为每升共发酵培养基接种4-6mL,获得共同发酵的上清液。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
瓦尼桑黄种子液的制备:
瓦尼桑黄菌块接种到瓦尼桑黄种子培养基中,转速140-180r/min,培养温度24-28℃,发酵10-14天后获得瓦尼桑黄种子液;
所述的瓦尼桑黄种子培养基为:葡萄糖25g/L,蛋白胨10g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1g/L,KH2PO41.5g/L,维生素VB1 0.05g/L,pH 7.0。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
粗毛纤孔菌种子液的制备:
粗毛纤孔菌菌块接种到粗毛纤孔菌种子培养基中,转速140-180r/min,培养温度24-28℃,发酵6-8天后获得粗毛纤孔菌种子液;
所述的粗毛纤孔菌种子培养基为:可溶性淀粉30g/L,酵母粉15g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1.0g/L,KH2PO42.0g/L,维生素VB1 0.05g/L,pH6.5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述的共发酵培养基为:葡萄糖40g/L,蛋白胨10g/L,酵母粉10g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1g/L,KH2PO4 1.5g/L;pH 7.0。
8.权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法制备得到的胞外多糖。
9.权利要求8所述的胞外多糖在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
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