CN116564908A - 散热构造以及电子设备 - Google Patents
散热构造以及电子设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及散热构造以及电子设备。本发明提供一种能够使半导体芯片有效地散热,并且能够以低成本构成的散热构造以及电子设备。散热构造(10)对在衬底(22)的表面设置有裸片(24)并在其周围设置有电容器(28)的CPU(14)进行散热。散热构造(10)具有:传热板(30),被热连接于裸片(24)的表面;液体金属(32),设置在裸片(24)的表面与传热板(30)之间;绝缘材料(34),覆盖电容器(28);以及弹性材料(36),设置为包围裸片(24)并被衬底(22)和传热板(30)夹持。传热板(30)在与电容器(28)相对的部位形成有贯通孔(30a)。贯通孔(30a)被绝缘性的片材(33a)堵塞。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及在衬底的表面设置有裸片并在其周围设置有电气元件的半导体芯片的散热构造以及电子设备。
背景技术
在电子设备设置有CPU、GPU等半导体芯片。CPU、GPU成为具有作为安装于基板的部分的衬底和设置在该衬底的表面的矩形的裸片的形状。另外,有时在衬底的表面,在裸片的周围设置有小的电容器。
CPU、GPU等半导体芯片是发热体,根据其功率消耗(特别是高负载时),需要散热。作为使CPU、GPU散热的单元,使用均热板、散热片或散热器等散热体,使CPU、GPU隔着这样的散热体与裸片的表面抵接而使热量扩散。有时在散热体与裸片之间夹设传热板。为了有效地传递热量,有时在裸片与散热体或传热板之间设置传热性高的润滑脂、液体金属(例如,专利文献1)。液体金属的传热性比润滑脂高,能够从裸片向散热体有效地传递热量。
专利文献1:日本特开2004-146819号公报
液体金属具有导电性,并且有时以稼为主成分,与焊料发生化学反应。另外,由于液体金属是液体且流动性高,因此需要采取对策,以使其不会泄露到周围的基板等。另外,即使在液体金属流出到裸片的周边的情况下,也必须不与周边的电容器等电气元件接触。这是因为液体金属具有导电性,有可能使电容器短路。因此,考虑用绝缘性的粘接剂保护设置于衬底的电气元件。
然而,CPU的裸片有时比GPU的裸片低,衬底与传热板之间的间隔变窄。由于粘接剂具有一定程度的高度,因此在该状态下无法充分确保与传热板的间隙,或者可能会干扰传热板。
为了在粘接剂与传热板之间确保适当的间隙,考虑在传热板与CPU之间夹设铜块等来提高高度,但若焊接传热板与铜块,则该焊料有可能与液体金属发生化学反应。若包括焊接部分在内地对铜块涂覆镍,则能够防止化学反应,但成本变高。另外,提高高度会相应地使产品的厚度增加,在应用于笔记本电脑等的情况下,违背薄型化的要求。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于上述课题而完成的,其目的在于提供一种能够使半导体芯片有效地散热,并且能够以低成本构成的散热构造以及电子设备。
为了解决上述课题并实现目的,本发明的第一方式所涉及的散热构造是在衬底的表面设置有裸片并在其周围设置有电气元件的半导体芯片的散热构造,该散热构造具有:传热板,被热连接于上述裸片的表面;液体金属,设置在上述裸片的表面与上述传热板之间;以及绝缘材料,覆盖上述电气元件,上述传热板在与上述电气元件相对的部位形成有凹部。
本发明的第二方式所涉及的电子设备具备上述散热构造以及上述半导体芯片。
在本发明的方式中,在裸片的表面与传热板之间设置有液体金属,能够使半导体芯片有效地散热。另外,具有凹部的传热板的制造容易,能够以低成本构成。
上述凹部也可以是贯通孔,上述贯通孔被绝缘性的片材堵塞。贯通孔能够通过冲孔等容易地形成。另外,液体金属不会浸入被片材堵塞的贯通孔。
上述凹部也可以是有底孔。有底孔能够通过冲压等容易地形成。
也可以具有弹性材料,该弹性材料设置为包围上述裸片并由上述衬底和上述传热板夹持,上述弹性材料隔着上述绝缘材料覆盖上述电气元件。由此,电气元件被绝缘材料以及弹性材料双重保护。
上述绝缘材料也可以粘接于上述衬底。由此,液体金属不会沿着衬底的表面接近电气元件,该电气元件被进一步可靠地保护。
也可以在上述绝缘材料与上述裸片之间设置间隙。由此,漏出的液体金属存积于间隙,防止进一步意外扩散。
也可以构成为,上述半导体芯片是安装于基板的CPU,上述电气元件是电容器。
上述绝缘材料也可以是紫外线固化型的涂覆材料。这样的涂覆材料能够容易地形成绝缘材料。
根据本发明的上述方式,在裸片的表面与传热板之间设置有液体金属,能够使半导体芯片有效地散热。另外,具有凹部的传热板的制造容易,且能够以低成本构成。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的第一实施方式所涉及的散热构造以及电子设备的一部分的分解立体图。
图2是CPU的立体图。
图3是第一实施方式所涉及的散热构造的示意侧剖视图。
图4是第一实施方式的传热板的立体图。
图5是表示第一实施方式所涉及的散热构造中的构成要素的位置关系的示意俯视图。
图6是第二实施方式所涉及的散热构造的示意侧剖视图。
图7是第二实施方式的传热板的立体图。
图8是第三实施方式所涉及的散热构造的示意侧剖视图。
附图标记说明
10、10A、10B…散热构造;12…电子设备;14…CPU(半导体芯片);16…均热板;22…衬底;24…裸片;26…基板;28、28a…电容器(电气元件);30、50…传热板;30a、30b…贯通孔(凹部);32…液体金属;33a、33b…片材;34…绝缘材料;36、60…弹性材料;36a、60a…矩形孔;38…间隙;50a、50b…有底孔(凹部)。
具体实施方式
以下,基于附图,对本发明的实施方式详细地进行说明。此外,本发明不被本实施方式限定。
图1是表示本发明的第一实施方式所涉及的散热构造10以及电子设备12的一部分的分解立体图。
电子设备12例如是笔记本型PC、台式PC、平板终端或智能手机等,具备CPU(Central Processing Unit:中央处理器)14。CPU14进行高速运算而产生相应的发热,因此需要散热。在电子设备12中,具备均热板16作为CPU14的散热单元。电子设备12除了CPU14以外,还具备GPU(Graphics Processing Unit:图像处理器)。以下说明的散热构造10、10A、10B说明了以CPU14为对象的例子,但也能够应用于GPU等其他半导体芯片。
均热板16是将两张金属板(例如铜板)的周缘部接合而在内侧形成密闭空间的板状的部件,通过封入密闭空间中的工作流体的相变,能够使热量高效地扩散。在均热板16的密闭空间内配设有利用毛细现象输送已冷凝的工作流体的芯体。
在均热板16设置有两根大致平行的热管18,另外,该热管18的端部连接于风扇20。热管18通过在形成于薄且扁平的金属管内的密闭空间中封入工作流体而形成,且与均热板16同样地设置有芯体。
作为CPU14等发热体的散热单元,除均热板16以外,还能够应用各种散热体。作为散热体,例如可列举铜、铝等导热系数高的金属板、石墨板、散热通道(Heatlane)、散热器等。
图2是CPU14的立体图。在图2中省略了散热构造10的构成要素。此外,散热构造10在组装到电子设备12中使用的状态下,上下方向没有限制,例如也可以成为上下相反的状态。
CPU14具有衬底22和裸片24。衬底22是安装于基板26的薄的板状部,在俯视时为矩形。裸片24是包含运算电路的部分,设置为从衬底22的表面稍突出。裸片24在俯视时是比衬底22小的矩形,设置在该衬底22的表面大致中央。CPU14是电子设备12中最发热的部件之一,其中裸片24特别发热。
在衬底22的表面设置有多个小的电容器(电气元件)28。电容器28在裸片24的相对附近设置有几个,并且沿着衬底22的一个边缘22a排列有多个。将沿着边缘22a排列的电容器28也称为电容器28a。电容器28的高度比裸片24低。
图3是第一实施方式所涉及的散热构造10的示意侧剖视图。图4是第一实施方式所涉及的传热板30的立体图。图5是表示第一实施方式所涉及的散热构造10中的构成要素的位置关系的示意俯视图。在图5中,省略了均热板16及基板26,并且全部用实线表示而与构成要素的前后无关。
散热构造10具有上述均热板16、与均热板16热连接的传热板30、设置在裸片24的表面与传热板30之间的液体金属32、覆盖电容器28的绝缘材料34、以及设置在衬底22与传热板30之间的弹性材料36。传热板30经由液体金属32与裸片24的表面热连接(热连接)。
液体金属32基本上是在常温下成为液体的金属,但只要在CPU14运转的正常的使用状态的温度下成为液体即可。由于液体金属32是金属,因此导热性、导电性优异。液体金属32例如以稼为主成分。
绝缘材料34例如是紫外线固化型的涂覆材料且形成为薄膜状。该涂覆材料在被涂敷为覆盖电容器28之后,通过被照射紫外线而固化,形成绝缘材料34。根据紫外线固化型的涂覆材料,容易形成绝缘材料34。绝缘材料34也可以是其他绝缘性的粘接剂等。
弹性材料36是比衬底22稍大的矩形,且比该衬底22稍突出。在弹性材料36的大致中央形成有矩形孔36a。弹性材料36被衬底22及传热板30夹持。但是,本实施例的弹性材料36在沿着衬底22的边缘22a(参照图5)的覆盖电容器28a的部分不与传热板30抵接。裸片24嵌入矩形孔36a。在裸片24与矩形孔36a的孔壁之间确保些许间隙38。弹性材料36由俯视时相同形状的粘性胶带40粘接固定于衬底22的表面。弹性材料36在没有外力的自然状态下略高于裸片24,在散热构造10的组装状态下被传热板30适当地压缩。弹性材料36例如由海绵材料等绝缘材料构成。弹性材料36为不吸收液体金属32的材质。在弹性材料36设置有取下用的拉片37(参照图5)。
传热板30由热传递性优异的材质形成,例如是铜板。传热板30例如为0.3~2mm左右的厚度。传热板30是与衬底22大致相同的矩形,且为大致相同的面积,但成为不与沿着衬底22的边缘22a的电容器28a相对的形状(参照图5)。因此,传热板30与电容器28a当然互不干扰。
传热板30通过焊接等固定于均热板16。传热板30也可以进行镀镍等表面处理。在传热板30上,在与电容器28相对的部位形成有贯通孔(凹部)30a、30b。贯通孔30a位于与一个电容器28相对的部位,且具有与一个电容器28对应的稍小的面积。贯通孔30b位于与相邻的两个电容器28相对的部位,且具有与两个电容器28对应的稍大的面积。
贯通孔30a、30b被片材33a、33b覆盖。片材33a、33b具有绝缘性、弹性以及挠性。片材33a具有适合于覆盖贯通孔30a的面积。片材33b具有适合于覆盖贯通孔30b的面积,且比片材33a稍大。片材33a、33b例如是矩形、圆形。片材33a、33b不是特殊的材料而是廉价的。将片材33a、33b粘贴为覆盖贯通孔30a、30b是简单的作业,即使是非专家也能够容易地进行,进而能够实现自动化。
液体金属32在散热构造10的组装阶段被适量涂敷于裸片24的上表面,然后载置均热板16及传热板30,由此被该传热板30按压而在裸片24的表面均匀地扩展,填埋裸片24与传热板30的间隙。由于液体金属32是液体,因此具有流动性,通过传热板30的按压而充分扩展。因此,在微观水平上,传热板30和裸片24具有直接接触的部位,液体金属32填充在其他的微小间隙部中。由此,在裸片24与传热板30之间进行有效的导热,能够提高CPU14的散热性。
然而,CPU14与GPU等相比,有时裸片24的高度H0较低,衬底22与传热板30之间的间隔变窄。由于绝缘材料34具有一定程度的高度H1,因此根据现有技术,无法充分确保与传热板30的间隙,或者可能会干扰传热板30。
与此相对,在本实施方式所涉及的散热构造10以及电子设备12中,在传热板30的与电容器28相对的部位形成有作为凹部的贯通孔30a、30b以成为避让空间,因此覆盖电容器28的绝缘材料34不与传热板30干扰,进而也能够夹设弹性材料36。此外,本申请中的凹部是指比表面凹陷的部位而与贯通或有底无关。贯通孔30a、30b被片材33a、33b覆盖,但传热板30本身具有凹部。而且,片状体富有挠性、弹性,因此能维持贯通孔30a、30b的作为避让空间的作用。
由于贯通孔30a、30b被片材33a、33b覆盖,因此即使在液体金属32从裸片24与传热板30之间的间隙漏出的情况下,也不会浸入到贯通孔30a、30b,保护作为传热板30与均热板16的连接部的焊料。弹性材料36能够与片材33a、33b抵接并轻轻地按压,但片材33a、33b通常具有弹性及挠性,适当地变形。另外,由于弹性材料36本身也具有弹性,因此不会对绝缘材料34及电容器28施加过大的外力。
电容器28由绝缘材料34及弹性材料36双重绝缘,被保护免受泄漏的液体金属32的影响。即使在电容器28附近的绝缘材料34及弹性材料36被剥离的情况下,电容器28与片材33a、33b接触时,由于该片材33a、33b具有绝缘性,因此不会与传热板30短路。绝缘材料34被粘性胶带40粘接于衬底22,因此液体金属32不会沿着衬底22的表面接近电容器28,更可靠地保护该电容器28。另外,由于在绝缘材料34与裸片24之间确保间隙38,因此漏出的液体金属32存积于该间隙38,防止进一步意外扩展。
传热板30的贯通孔30a、30b能够通过冲孔等容易地形成,且能够以低成本构成。另外,贯通孔30a、30b能够在传热板30的制造工序中与利用冲孔等的外形的切出同时进行,能够进一步降低制造成本。此外,若在传热板30的中央部,仅将与裸片24接触的接触部设为稍厚壁,将其以外的周边部设为薄壁,则能够将与绝缘材料34的间隙确保为一定程度上较大,也能够避免干扰。然而,使作为薄板的传热板30的周边部的整体薄壁化需要精度,需要进行CNC加工等,制造工序数增加,成本变高。与此相对,如本实施例那样在传热板30形成贯通孔30a、30b是低成本的。
图6是第二实施方式所涉及的散热构造10A的示意侧剖视图。图7是第二实施方式的传热板50的立体图。在散热构造10A中,上述散热构造10中的传热板30被替换为传热板50。
传热板50的大小、形状、材质与传热板30相同,不同点在于上述贯通孔30a、30b被替换为适当深度的有底孔(凹部)50a、50b。有底孔50a在与贯通孔30a相同的位置为相同的面积。有底孔50b在与贯通孔30b相同的位置为相同的面积。在传热板50没有设置上述片材33a、33b。
在散热构造10A中,由于在传热板50的与电容器28相对的部位形成有作为凹部的有底孔50a、50b,因此覆盖电容器28的绝缘材料34不与传热板50干扰,进而也能够夹设弹性材料36。另外,弹性材料36能够进入有底孔50a、50b,并与其底面抵接,但由于有底孔50a、50b具有适当的深度,因此不怎么被压缩,不会对绝缘材料34及电容器28施加过大的外力。有底孔50a、50b例如能够通过对传热板50进行冲压加工而容易地形成。也可以在有底孔50a、50b的底面设置绝缘覆膜。
图8是第三实施方式所涉及的散热构造10B的示意侧剖视图。在散热构造10B中,上述散热构造10中的弹性材料36被替换为弹性材料60。弹性材料60的外缘形状、厚度、材质与弹性材料36相同,不同点在于上述矩形孔36a被置换成面积大的矩形孔60a。矩形孔60a形成为比传热板30的外缘稍小。即,弹性材料60的四周被沿着传热板30的外周缘的部分压缩,不存在于电容器28、贯通孔30a、30b以及片材33a、33b的部位。这样,根据设计条件,弹性材料60至少包围裸片24,并沿着传热板30的外周缘设置即可。由此,防止液体金属32泄露到周围的基板26等。散热构造10B中的传热板30也可以被置换为传热板50(参照图7)。
此外,根据设计条件,在各实施例中也可以省略传热板30、50,使均热板16经由液体金属32与裸片24热连接。即,也可以将均热板16本身用作相对于裸片24的传热板。
本发明不限定于上述实施方式,当然能够在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内自由地变更。
Claims (9)
1.一种散热构造,是在衬底的表面设置有裸片并在其周围设置有电气元件的半导体芯片的散热构造,其特征在于,具有:
传热板,被热连接于所述裸片的表面;
液体金属,被设置在所述裸片的表面与所述传热板之间;以及
绝缘材料,覆盖所述电气元件,
所述传热板在与所述电气元件相对的部位形成有凹部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的散热构造,其特征在于,
所述凹部是贯通孔,
所述贯通孔被绝缘性的片材堵塞。
3.根据权利要求1所述的散热构造,其特征在于,
所述凹部是有底孔。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的散热构造,其特征在于,
所述散热构造具有弹性材料,所述弹性材料设置为包围所述裸片并被所述衬底和所述传热板夹持,
所述弹性材料隔着所述绝缘材料覆盖所述电气元件。
5.根据权利要求4所述的散热构造,其特征在于,
所述绝缘材料被粘接于所述衬底。
6.根据权利要求4所述的散热构造,其特征在于,
在所述绝缘材料与所述裸片之间设置有间隙。
7.根据权利要求1~3、5、6中任一项所述的散热构造,其特征在于,
所述半导体芯片是安装于基板的CPU,所述电气元件是电容器。
8.根据权利要求1~3、5、6中任一项所述的散热构造,其特征在于,
所述绝缘材料是紫外线固化型的涂覆材料。
9.一种电子设备,其特征在于,具备:
半导体芯片,在衬底的表面设置有裸片并在其周围设置有电气元件;
传热板,被热连接于所述裸片的表面;
液体金属,被设置在所述裸片的表面与所述传热板之间;以及
绝缘材料,覆盖所述电气元件,
所述传热板在与所述电气元件相对的部位形成有凹部。
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