CN116531444B - 镇咳清肺软胶囊及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
镇咳清肺软胶囊及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种镇咳清肺软胶囊的制备工艺,其原料主要包括:紫苏籽油50‑200份、佛手柑油50‑200份、水飞蓟籽油50‑200份、鱼腥草粉20‑100份、莱菔子粉20‑100份、黄芥子粉20‑100份、橘红粉20‑100份、枇杷叶粉20‑100份、甘油50‑200份、二氧化钛0.1‑5份、水15‑80份、添加剂50‑200份、乳化剂5‑50份、稳定剂5‑50份、胶质100‑300份、甜味剂I 5‑50份、甜味剂II 0.01‑5份、着色剂2‑25份。本发明通过原料各营养组分的协同作用,使得所制备的软胶囊具有镇咳清肺的功效;在明胶中引入瓜尔胶得到复合明胶再加入葡萄籽油,改善了胶囊的溶解性和崩解性能,使得胶囊的弹性增加并且不易破裂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及胶囊生产技术领域,具体涉及一种镇咳清肺软胶囊及其制备工艺。
背景技术
软胶囊是将定量的液体状药剂封装在囊材中,或在椭圆或球形的,具有较高塑性的囊壳中封装的内容物为经过赋型液溶解、分散处理,最终以混悬态、溶解态或半固体态存在的固体药物的一种剂型。后随着凝胶材料的开发,软胶囊剂衍生出了将凝胶材料作为载体,内嵌不易被人体消化吸收的药品,制备成小液滴状胶体通过注射、口服或涂抹等方式被人体吸收的微流体。这种特殊的软胶囊被称作微囊。目前市面上己经有软栓、咀嚼、缓释、渗透泵、肠溶等不同类型的软胶囊。由于软胶囊具有剂量准确、溶出快、生物利用度高、副作用小、产品质量稳定性好及易控制、疗效好等优点,因此受到医药界广泛的重视。
CN103690768A公开了一种麦冬参芪软胶囊及其制备方法,由麦冬、玄参、知母、山药、黄芪、苍术、生地、枸杞子、葛根、丹参、丹皮、沙棘籽油、蜂蜡、明胶、甘油、水按照一定比例制备而成。该发明根据中医理论整体观,标本兼治,上、中、下三消同治,未病先防,整体调节人体功能,有降低高血糖、降低血脂水平、改善内分泌的功效。上述专利所提供的软胶囊,虽然解决高血糖患者长期服用药品副作用问题,但其原料主要为各种中药,通常具有一定特殊气味,制成软胶囊难掩盖中药的苦味及不良气味,食用口感不佳。
CN110496169A公开了一种辅助护肝软胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于,原料包括以下成分:枳椇子920重量份-970重量份,五味子280重量份-310重量份,大豆油340重量份-400重量份,明胶125重量份-165重量份,纯化水150重量份,甘油40重量份-105重量份,蜂蜡15重量份-30重量份,红氧化铁0.7重量份-1.2重量份。该发明经回流提取枳椇子和五味子,得到干膏粉,制备囊液和胶液,压丸的步骤制得软胶囊,具有良好的密封性,服用方便,外形美观的特点,具有辅助护肝的功效。上述专利所提供的软胶囊,虽然具有一定的保健功能,但该软胶囊添加较多重量份的大豆油,食用起来会产生油腻感,且大豆油的主要营养成分是油脂,有较高的热量,存在增加体重导致肥胖的风险,不利于软胶囊的保健作用。
发明内容
基于上述背景技术中提出的问题,本发明的目的旨在提供一种镇咳清肺软胶囊的制备工艺,其过程简单,制备的软胶囊崩解性好,不易破裂,弹性好,并且营养丰富口感好,且具有清肝养肺的功效。
具体技术方案如下:
本发明的目的之一是提供一种镇咳清肺软胶囊的制备工艺,具体步骤如下:
(1)检验:
所有原辅料、内包装材料必须检验合格后才能领用进入生产;
(2)称量:
按配方量准确称取各原辅料备用;
(3)化胶:
将二氧化钛、着色剂与1/2-2/3的水混合,研磨,得混悬液备用;将甜味剂I、甜味剂II、1/3-1/2水、甘油混合均匀后加热;投入胶质进行化胶,搅拌至明胶全溶;再投入混悬液搅拌至色泽均匀,最后抽真空后过筛保温存放,得到胶液,备用;
(4)混合:
将稳定剂、水飞蓟籽油、紫苏籽油、佛手柑油进行加热溶解,冷却后加入添加剂、鱼腥草粉、莱菔子粉、黄芥子粉、橘红粉、枇杷叶粉、乳化剂混合至色泽均匀;研磨、过筛,得到内容物料;
(5)压丸:
将步骤(3)所得的胶液和步骤(4)所得的内容物料经压丸机压出合格软胶囊;
(6)定型:
将步骤(5)所得的软胶囊定型;
(7)干燥:
将步骤(6)定型后的软胶囊进行干燥,得胶囊;
(8)选丸:
将步骤(7)所得的胶丸平铺放入灯检台上,把漏油、扁丸、畸形、气泡、大小头、黑点、内容物带杂质等不合格胶囊拣出;
(9)分装:
将所得合格胶囊按粒进行分瓶包装;
(10)外包装:
贴好标签、打码后,装盒,封箱入库。
优选的,各原料组分的重量份配比为:
二氧化钛0.1-5份、着色剂2-25份、甜味剂I 5-50份、甜味剂II 0.01-5份、甘油50-200份、胶质100-300份、水15-80份;
稳定剂5-50份、水飞蓟籽油50-200份、紫苏籽油50-200份、佛手柑油50-200份、添加剂50-200份、鱼腥草粉20-100份、莱菔子粉20-100份、黄芥子粉20-100份、橘红粉20-100份、枇杷叶粉20-100份、乳化剂5-50份。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中,将二氧化钛、着色剂与1/2-2/3的水混合,过胶体磨研磨,得混悬液备用;将甜味剂I、甜味剂II、1/3-1/2水、甘油投入化胶罐,于60-80℃温度下加热,投入明胶进行化胶,搅拌至明胶全溶;再投入混悬液混合搅拌10-20min至色泽均匀;胶液在真空度≤0.06MPa条件下抽真空至无气泡,然后过100-200目筛后,放置在60±5℃温度下保温存放,备用。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中,所述着色剂为焦糖色、红曲米、植物炭黑中的一种或多种;所述胶质为明胶、瓜尔胶、卡拉胶、变性淀粉、果胶中的一种或多种;甜味剂I为海藻糖、D-核糖、山梨糖醇、赤藓糖醇中的一种或多种;甜味剂II为罗汉果甜苷、甜菊糖苷、新甲基橙皮苷二氢查耳酮、甘草酸铵中的一种或多种;胶液配制所用水为纯化水。
优选的,所述步骤(4)中,将稳定剂、水飞蓟籽油、紫苏籽油、佛手柑油加热至50-60℃溶解,冷却至35-40℃后加入添加剂、鱼腥草粉、莱菔子粉、黄芥子粉、橘红粉、枇杷叶粉和乳化剂混合15-30min至色泽均匀;过胶体磨1-2次,过80-100目筛网,得到内容物料。
所述步骤(4)中,所述稳定剂为单,双甘油脂肪酸酯、蜂蜡、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠中的一种或多种;所述添加剂为柚皮苷提取物、甜橙油、橙皮素中的一种或多种;所述乳化剂为磷脂、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、胆固醇、十八胺、磷脂酸中的一种或多种。
优选的,所述步骤(5)中,压丸温度设置在18-26℃,相对湿度设置在≤50%。
优选的,所述步骤(5)中的合格软胶囊为12#橄榄型,每粒内容物700mg,胶皮950mg的标准进行压制。
优选的,所述步骤(6)中,温度设置在18-26℃,相对湿度设置在≤50%,定型时间为1-4h。
优选的,所述步骤(7)中,温度设置在15-28℃,相对湿度设置在≤50%,干燥时间为16-24h,胶皮水分≤11%。
优选的,所述步骤(9)中,按60粒/瓶进行分瓶包装。
进一步,所述步骤(3)化胶还可以为:将明胶加到1/3-1/2水中,搅拌至明胶完全溶解,再加入瓜尔胶,继续搅拌得到复合明胶;将二氧化钛、焦糖色与1/2-2/3的水混合,研磨,得混悬液备用;将海藻糖、罗汉果甜苷、甘油和复合明胶混合均匀后加热;搅拌至复合明胶全溶然后加入植物油;再投入混悬液搅拌至色泽均匀;将胶液抽真空后过筛保温存放,备用。更具体的,将明胶加入1/3-1/2水中水化20-60min,然后加热至40-60℃搅拌至明胶溶解,之后加入瓜尔胶在50-65℃下搅拌0.5-2h得复合明胶;将二氧化钛、焦糖色与1/2-2/3的水混合,过胶体磨研磨,得混悬液备用;将海藻糖、罗汉果甜苷、1/3-1/2水、甘油和复合明胶投入化胶罐于60-80℃温度下加热,搅拌至复合明胶全溶后加入植物油;再投入混悬液混合搅拌10-20min至色泽均匀;胶液在真空度≤0.06MPa条件下抽真空至无气泡,然后过100-200目筛后,放置在60±5℃温度下保温存放,备用。
进一步优选的,各原料组分的重量份配比为:
二氧化钛0.1-5份、焦糖色2-25份、海藻糖5-50份、罗汉果甜苷0.01-5份、甘油50-200份、明胶50-150份、瓜尔胶50-150份、植物油1-3份、水15-80份;
单,双甘油脂肪酸酯5-50份、水飞蓟籽油50-200份、紫苏籽油50-200份、佛手柑油50-200份、柚皮柑提取物50-200份、鱼腥草粉20-100份、莱菔子粉20-100份、黄芥子粉20-100份、橘红粉20-100份、枇杷叶粉20-100份、磷脂5-50份。
所述植物油为葡萄籽油、薄荷油、柠檬油中的一种。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种镇咳清肺软胶囊,由上述工艺制备得到。
本发明中,所述的紫苏籽油是紫苏籽油是从唇形科药用植物紫苏的成熟种籽获得,紫苏又名赤苏、苏子、也有叫白苏,是国家首批批准的药食两用植物,具有消痰、润肺、止痛、解毒等功效。紫苏籽油是一种高不饱和度的天然油脂,是目前所发现的所有天然植物油中脂肪酸含量最高的。紫苏籽油所知α-亚麻酸含量最高的食用植物油,油中α-亚麻酸含量高达50-70%左右。α-亚麻酸能有效抑制脂肪合成,并分解脂肪将其排出体外,每天食用可以预防脂肪肝的形成,具有保肝护肝的功效。另外α-亚麻酸还可以降低血粘稠度、增加血液携氧量,抑制甘油三酯的合成,增加体内各种脂质的代谢,因此紫苏籽油具有降脂降压的效果。除此之外,紫苏籽油还可用于抗癌、抗过敏、提高记忆力和预防老年痴呆等,是营养丰富且药用价值高的一种植物油。
本发明中,所述的水飞蓟籽油是从水飞蓟籽中压榨而得。水飞蓟属于一年或二年生菊科草本植物,味苦,性凉,清热利湿,疏肝利胆,别名乳蓟,其叶和嫩芽可用以食用,同时用种子作为治疗肝、脾、消化道疾病和促进泌乳的草药。水飞蓟籽含油率约占干燥果实总重的20%-35%左右,油中具有很高的油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸等不饱和脂肪酸,这些成分具有降低胆固醇、防止动脉硬化等作用。另外,水飞蓟油中还含有P-谷甾醇、豆甾醇等固醇类成分,且富含维生素E,具有较高的营养价值,是具有保健功效的特种健康食用油,因其所具有的优异的作用功效,在食品、医药及工业领域具有显著的开发利用前景。
本发明中,所述的佛手柑油是由高度约3-4公尺长出比橘子小且表面像月球坑坑洞洞的果树,比果皮榨取而得。佛手柑很早就在中药的典籍中被列为治疗呼吸道方面疾病的用药,依据《本草纲目》的记载:佛手柑味略苦、酸、温,入肝、脾、胃、肺经,有疏肝理气、燥湿化痰的做用,可用于肝胃气滞、胸胁胀气。佛手柑油是一种非常健康和有益的油,油中含有橙花醇、柠檬脑、柠檬醛、柠檬醇与帖烯类等化学成分,它起到祛痰剂的作用,可以疏散呼吸道中的痰和粘液,并帮助身体通过打喷嚏和咳嗽等自然途径将其消除,从而消除一些首先引起疾病的细菌和毒素。另外,佛手柑油还有助于缓解抑郁症、降低血糖,抑制细菌、病毒和真菌生长、舒缓神经,减轻神经紧张和镇痛,具有较高的药用价值,它被广泛用于食品加工、医药等领域。
本发明中,所述的柚皮苷提取物是从芸香科柑橘属植物柚、葡萄柚的未成熟或者近成熟的干燥果皮中提取的一种黄酮类化合物,柚皮苷又称柚甙、柑橘甙、异橙皮甙,其性状为淡黄色粉末或类白色粉末。现代药理学研究证明,柚皮苷在抗炎、抗病毒、抗癌、抗突变、抗过敏、止咳化痰、镇痛、降血压等方面具有较强的生物活性,已被用于作苦味剂,发汗剂还有降血胆固醇等方面,具有广泛的药理学作用。柚皮苷可从柚中提取,来源广泛,且含量较高,现已被广泛应用于医学、食品科学、化学等方面。
本发明中,所述的枇杷叶粉是将枇杷叶去毛焙干,粉碎研磨而得。枇杷叶性味苦,微寒,归肺、胃经,具有清肺止咳,降逆止呕的功能,主治肺热咳嗽,气逆喘急,胃热呕逆,烦热口渴。枇杷叶含有挥发油、齐墩果酸、苦杏仁甙和熊果酸等有效成分。枇杷叶所含的挥发油有祛痰作用;所含齐墩果酸可促进肝细胞的再生,减轻肝损伤,临床上常用于病毒性慢性迁延性肝炎;所含苦杏仁苷在体内水解产生的微量氢氰酸有止咳作用,水煎剂或乙酸乙酯提取物有祛痰和平喘作用。临床研究发现,取枇杷叶与茄梗水煎后加入单糖浆服用或双侧定喘穴野枇杷叶注射液穴位注射,对慢性支气管炎有明显疗效。
本发明中,所述的橘红粉是中药名,为芸香科植物,橘及其栽培变种的干燥外层果皮,秋末冬初果实成熟后采收,用刀削下外果皮晒干或阴干后制成粉,以备用。橘红味辛,苦,性温,归肺,脾两经,它的功效是理气宽中,燥湿化痰。主治:咳嗽痰多,食积伤酒,呕恶痞闷。小儿吐泻可以配丁香、橘红各等分,蜜炼丸黄豆大,用米汤化开之后冲服。定嗽化痰可以用百药煎、片黄芩、橘红、甘草各等分,共为细末,蒸成饼丸或者绿豆大,用吞咽的方法进行内服。
明胶是一种大分子的亲水胶体,是胶原部分水解而得到的一种纤维状蛋白质,它非常容易交织成链和网状结构,形成强度较大的凝胶。明胶不溶于水,但浸泡在水中时,可吸收5-10倍的水而膨胀软化,同时明胶具有热可逆性的凝胶特性,加热到40℃左右可溶解成胶体,冷却至35℃左右又可凝结成凝胶。明胶在食品行业常用于糖果添加剂、冷冻食品改良剂、肉制品改良剂、饮料澄清剂、食品涂层材料,另外,还被广泛应用于医药、造纸、感光工业和日化工业中。明胶是由胶原蛋白水解而来的多肽片段,明胶蛋白分子中包含数量众多的氨基酸残基,低分子醛类物质以及明胶自氧化过程均易形成醛基,形成的醛基和周围明胶分于上的氨基酸残基交联反应,阻碍了水分子进入明胶内部,使囊壳难以溶解,浴出时间延长,这是软胶囊崩解迟缓问题的真正原因。本发明的镇咳清肺软胶囊中明胶、瓜尔胶及其他原料特殊比例得到的胶皮在长时间存放后仍然具备较好的稳定性,能够维持较好的崩解吸收效果。
本发明的有益效果如下:
与现有技术相比,本发明使用紫苏籽油、水飞蓟籽油、佛手柑油、柚皮苷提取物、枇杷叶粉和橘红粉等有效活性物质为原料,紫苏籽油富含α-亚麻酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸等人体必需营养成分,具有消炎、抗过敏、抗癌、降血脂、调节机体代谢和延缓衰老等作用。紫苏籽油富含的α-亚麻酸能有效抑制脂肪合成,并分解脂肪将其排出体外,起到保肝护肝的作用;水飞蓟籽油能清热解毒、保肝,在治疗急性或慢性肝炎、肝硬变、脂肪肝、代谢中毒性肝损伤、胆管炎及肝胆管周围炎等症,均有良好疗效;枇杷叶含有多种有效成分,能够减轻肝损伤,清肺止咳,消除气管和肺部的炎症。本发明通过合理配伍,有效发挥各原料的作用,所制备的软胶囊具有镇咳清肺的功效,具有抵抗病毒、预防疾病的作用,长期服用对身体健康有益。
本发明在明胶中加入瓜尔胶得到明胶与瓜尔胶比例为1:1的复合明胶,由于复合胶基质中瓜尔胶和明胶链之间存在静电相互作用力、氢键和范德华力,使得复合明胶具有表面致密、均匀、光滑,无孔隙、无裂纹且稳定性提高的特点。由于明胶与瓜尔胶之间的氢键作用,使得一定比例下的复合明胶亲水性和水溶性增加,使得本发现制备的软胶囊具有更好的崩解性能。
本发明在复合明胶中加入一定浓度的葡萄籽油,由于胶液的增加,囊皮厚度显著增加,使得所制备的胶囊不易发生破裂,另外,葡萄籽油的加入使得复合明胶的断裂伸长率显著提高,影响了囊皮的柔韧性,使本发明制得的软胶囊不易发生变形,具有更好的弹性。
本发明制备过程简单、操作方便,具有广泛的应用前景,值得推广。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种镇咳清肺软胶囊及其制备工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)检验:
所有原辅料、内包装材料必须检验合格后才能领用进入生产;
(2)称量:
按配方量准确称取各原辅料备用;
(3)化胶:
将3g二氧化钛、15g焦糖色与40g纯化水混合,过胶体磨研磨,得混悬液备用;将30g海藻糖、0.01g罗汉果甜苷、40g纯化水、140g甘油混合均匀后投入化胶罐,于75℃温度下加热混合搅拌;投入200g明胶进行化胶,搅拌至明胶全溶;再投入混悬液搅拌15min至色泽均匀,最后在真空度为0.06MPa条件下抽真空至无气泡,然后过100目筛后放置在60℃温度下保温存放,得到胶液,备用;
(4)混合:
将35g单,双甘油脂肪酸酯、120g水飞蓟籽油、120g紫苏籽油、120g佛手柑油混合均匀后进行加热至55℃溶解,冷却至35℃后加入80g柚皮苷提取物、88g枇杷叶粉、30g鱼腥草粉、30g莱菔子粉、30g黄芥子粉、40g橘红粉、7g磷脂混合20min至色泽均匀;过胶体磨2次,过80目筛网,得到内容物料;
(5)压丸:
将步骤(3)所得的胶液和步骤(4)所得的内容物料在温度20℃,相对湿度50%条件下经压丸机压出合格软胶囊;
(6)定型:
将步骤(5)所得的软胶囊在温度20℃,相对湿度50%条件下定型3h;
(7)干燥:
将步骤(6)定型后的软胶囊在温度20℃,相对湿度50%条件下进行干燥24h,至胶皮水分≤11%,得到胶囊;
(8)选丸:
将步骤(7)所得的胶囊平铺放入灯检台上,把漏油、扁丸、畸形、气泡、大小头、黑点、内容物带杂质等不合格胶囊拣出;
(9)分装:
以60粒/瓶进行分瓶包装;
(10)外包装:
贴好标签、打码后,装盒,封箱入库;
步骤(5)所述的软胶囊为12#橄榄型,每粒重700mg(内容物),含胶皮约950mg,内容物0.7g/粒,装量差异±7.5%。
实施例2
一种镇咳清肺软胶囊及其制备工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)检验:
所有原辅料、内包装材料必须检验合格后才能领用进入生产;
(2)称量:
按配方量准确称取各原辅料备用;
(3)化胶:
将100g明胶加入40g纯化水中水化30min,然后加热至50℃,搅拌至明胶完全溶解,再加入100g瓜尔胶加热至60℃,继续搅拌1h得到复合明胶;将3g二氧化钛、15g焦糖色与40g纯化水混合,过胶体磨研磨,得混悬液备用;将30g海藻糖、0.01g罗汉果甜苷、140g甘油加入复合明胶中混合均匀并投入化胶罐于75℃温度下加热,搅拌至复合明胶全溶,然后再投入混悬液中搅拌15min至色泽均匀,最后在真空度为0.06MPa条件下抽真空至无气泡,然后过100目筛后放置在60℃温度下保温存放,得到胶液,备用;
(4)混合:
将35g单,双甘油脂肪酸酯、120g水飞蓟籽油、120g紫苏籽油、120g佛手柑油混合均匀后进行加热至55℃溶解,冷却至35℃后加入80g柚皮苷提取物、88g枇杷叶粉、30g鱼腥草粉、30g莱菔子粉、30g黄芥子粉、40g橘红粉、7g磷脂混合20min至色泽均匀;过胶体磨2次,过80目筛网,得到内容物料;
(5)压丸:
将步骤(3)所得的胶液和步骤(4)所得的内容物料在温度20℃,相对湿度50%条件下经压丸机压出合格软胶囊;
(6)定型:
将步骤(5)所得的软胶囊在温度20℃,相对湿度50%条件下定型3h;
(7)干燥:
将步骤(6)定型后的软胶囊在温度20℃,相对湿度50%条件下进行干燥24h,至胶皮水分≤11%,得到胶囊;
(8)选丸:
将步骤(7)所得的胶囊平铺放入灯检台上,把漏油、扁丸、畸形、气泡、大小头、黑点、内容物带杂质等不合格胶囊拣出;
(9)分装:
以60粒/瓶进行分瓶包装;
(10)外包装:
贴好标签、打码后,装盒,封箱入库;
步骤(5)所述的软胶囊为12#橄榄型,每粒重700mg(内容物),含胶皮约950mg,内容物0.7g/粒,装量差异±7.5%。
实施例3
一种镇咳清肺软胶囊及其制备工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)检验:
所有原辅料、内包装材料必须检验合格后才能领用进入生产;
(2)称量:
按配方量准确称取各原辅料备用;
(3)化胶:
将100g明胶加入40g纯化水中水化30min,然后加热至50℃,搅拌至明胶完全溶解,再加入100g瓜尔胶加热至60℃,继续搅拌1h得到复合明胶;将3g二氧化钛、15g焦糖色与40g纯化水混合,过胶体磨研磨,得混悬液备用;将30g海藻糖、0.01g罗汉果甜苷、140g甘油加入复合明胶中混合均匀并投入化胶罐于75℃温度下加热,搅拌至复合明胶全溶加入2g葡萄籽油,然后再投入混悬液中搅拌15min至色泽均匀,最后在真空度为0.06MPa条件下抽真空至无气泡,然后过100目筛后放置在60℃温度下保温存放,得到胶液,备用;
(4)混合:
将35g单,双甘油脂肪酸酯、120g水飞蓟籽油、120g紫苏籽油、120g佛手柑油混合均匀后进行加热至55℃溶解,冷却至35℃后加入80g柚皮苷提取物、88g枇杷叶粉、30g鱼腥草粉、30g莱菔子粉、30g黄芥子粉、40g橘红粉、7g磷脂混合20min至色泽均匀;过胶体磨2次,过80目筛网,得到内容物料;
(5)压丸:
将步骤(3)所得的胶液和步骤(4)所得的内容物料在温度20℃,相对湿度50%条件下经压丸机压出合格软胶囊;
(6)定型:
将步骤(5)所得的软胶囊在温度20℃,相对湿度50%条件下定型3h;
(7)干燥:
将步骤(6)定型后的软胶囊在温度20℃,相对湿度50%条件下进行干燥24h,至胶皮水分≤11%,得到胶囊;
(8)选丸:
将步骤(7)所得的胶囊平铺放入灯检台上,把漏油、扁丸、畸形、气泡、大小头、黑点、内容物带杂质等不合格胶囊拣出;
(9)分装:
以60粒/瓶进行分瓶包装;
(10)外包装:
贴好标签、打码后,装盒,封箱入库;
步骤(5)所述的软胶囊为12#橄榄型,每粒重700mg(内容物),含胶皮约950mg,内容物0.7g/粒,装量差异±7.5%。
实施例4
一种镇咳清肺软胶囊及其制备工艺,与实施例3的不同之处在于化胶过程中加入2g葡萄籽油改为加入2g薄荷油。
实施例5
一种镇咳清肺软胶囊及其制备工艺,与实施例3的不同之处在于化胶过程中加入2g葡萄籽油改为加入2g柠檬油。
测试例1
水溶性测试
水溶性定义为样品在蒸馏水中浸泡后溶解的水溶性干物质的比例。总可溶性物质(TSM)表示为囊皮(干物质)在蒸馏水中浸泡24h后溶解的百分比。
测定软胶囊的水溶性的方法如下:取实施例1-2所制备的胶囊,取囊皮,重复三次检查。样品在105℃空气循环烘箱中干燥8h,获得初始干重。然后将每个样品浸入40mL蒸馏水中,在室温下缓慢搅拌24h。在确定其最终干重之前,将肿胀的样品回收并再次干燥(105℃,8h)。TSM按下式计算:
TSM(%)=(初始干重-最终干重)/初始干重×100
对每个样品进行三次重复实验,结果记录为平均值,测试数据见表1。
表1 总可溶性物质(%)测试数据
实施例1 | 实施例2 | |
TSM% | 32.13 | 42.52 |
崩解时限测试
采用中国药典2015年版四部通则方法,取软胶囊样品6粒,分别置吊篮的玻璃管中,启动崩解仪进行检查,温度设置为37℃,时间为60min。各软胶囊或胶皮应在60min内全部崩解,如有1粒不能完全崩解,应另取6粒复试,均应符合规定,并记录软胶囊完全崩解溶散的时间,单位为min。依据规定,将软胶囊于温度25℃,相对湿度50%条件下储存,进行六个月加速稳定性考察,分别进行崩解时限检测,测试数据见表2。
表2 胶囊崩解时限检测(min)
0个月 | 3个月 | 6个月 | |
实施例1 | 15.27 | 24.35 | 45.24 |
实施例2 | 10.15 | 12.34 | 14.51 |
由表1和表2的测试数据可知,在明胶加入瓜尔胶形成的复合明胶对胶囊的溶解度有一定的影响,当加入的明胶与瓜尔胶比例为1:1时,胶囊水溶性明显变好,而软胶囊的崩解性受其水溶性影响,即本发明制备的软胶囊具有较好的崩解性。同时,在储存6个月以后仍然具有较好的崩解效果,即本发明制备的软胶囊具备良好的稳定性。
明胶是由胶原蛋白水解而来的多肽片段,明胶蛋白分子中包含数量众多的氨基酸残基,低分子醛类物质以及明胶自氧化过程均易形成醛基,形成的醛基和周围明胶分于上的氨基酸残基反文联反应,阻碍了水分子进入明胶内部,使囊壳难以溶解,浴出时间延长,这是软胶囊崩解迟缓问题的真正原因。本发明的镇咳清肺软胶囊中明胶、瓜尔胶及其他原料特殊比例得到的胶皮在长时间存放后仍然具备较好的稳定性,针对非咀嚼的口服方式,仍然能够维持较好的崩解吸收效果。
测试例2
胶囊囊皮厚度
按实施例2-5的方法制备所得软胶囊各10粒,胶囊囊皮厚度参考GB/T6672-2001,使用测厚仪分布均匀的选取膜上的13个点(含有1点过膜的中心点)测定厚度,以平均值作为膜的厚度值,测试数据见表3。
断裂伸长率测试
按实施例2-5的方法制备所得软胶囊各10粒,胶囊囊皮的断裂延伸率参考GB/T1040.1-2006,使用电子万能拉伸实验机测定囊皮样的断裂伸长率(EAB),初始夹距设为40mm,拉速度设定为1mm/s。计算公式如下:
EAB(%)=(L1-L0)/L0×100
式中:EAB为断裂延伸率(%);L0为囊皮样品的长度(mm);L1为囊皮断裂时的长度(mm)。
每个胶囊重复3次,取平均值,测试数据见表3。
表3 囊皮厚度和断裂延伸率测试数据
厚度(mm) | EAB(%) | |
实施例2 | 0.248 | 90.36 |
实施例3 | 0.295 | 114.24 |
实施例4 | 0.262 | 98.18 |
实施例5 | 0.264 | 99.53 |
通过表3测试数据可知,在复合明胶中加入葡萄籽油可增加胶囊的厚度,减小了胶囊破碎的风险,同时提高胶囊的断裂伸长率,使得本发明所制备的软胶囊具有更好的柔软性和弹性,不易发生变形。
Claims (7)
1.一种镇咳清肺软胶囊的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)检验:
所有原辅料、内包装材料必须检验合格后才能领用进入生产;
(2)称量:
按配方量准确称取各原辅料备用;
(3)化胶:
将明胶加到1/3-1/2水中,搅拌至明胶完全溶解,再加入瓜尔胶,继续搅拌得到复合明胶;将二氧化钛、焦糖色与1/2-2/3的水混合,研磨,得混悬液备用;将海藻糖、罗汉果甜苷、甘油和复合明胶混合均匀后加热;搅拌至复合明胶全溶然后加入植物油;再投入混悬液搅拌至色泽均匀;将胶液抽真空后过筛保温存放,备用;
(4)混合:
将稳定剂、水飞蓟籽油、紫苏籽油、佛手柑油进行加热溶解,冷却后加入添加剂、鱼腥草粉、莱菔子粉、黄芥子粉、橘红粉、枇杷叶粉、乳化剂混合至色泽均匀;研磨、过筛,得到内容物料;
(5)压丸:
将步骤(3)所得的胶液和步骤(4)所得的内容物料经压丸机压出合格软胶囊;
(6)定型:
将步骤(5)所得的软胶囊定型;
(7)干燥:
将步骤(6)定型后的软胶囊进行干燥,得胶囊;
(8)选丸:
将步骤(7)所得的胶丸平铺放入灯检台上,把漏油、扁丸、畸形、气泡、大小头、黑点、内容物带杂质等不合格胶囊拣出;
(9)分装:
将所得合格胶囊按粒进行分瓶包装;
(10)外包装:
贴好标签、打码后,装盒,封箱入库;
各原料组分的重量份配比为:
二氧化钛0.1-5份、焦糖色2-25份、海藻糖5-50份、罗汉果甜苷0.01-5份、甘油50-200份、明胶50-150份、瓜尔胶50-150份、植物油1-3份、水15-80份、单,双甘油脂肪酸酯5-50份、水飞蓟籽油50-200份、紫苏籽油50-200份、佛手柑油50-200份、柚皮柑提取物50-200份、鱼腥草粉20-100份、莱菔子粉20-100份、黄芥子粉20-100份、橘红粉20-100份、枇杷叶粉20-100份和磷脂5-50份;
所述植物油为葡萄籽油。
2.如权利要求1所述的镇咳清肺软胶囊的制备工艺,其特征在于:步骤(3)中胶液配制所用水为纯化水,混合加热温度为60-80℃,胶液保温温度为60±5℃。
3.如权利要求1所述的镇咳清肺软胶囊的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中,冷却温度为35-40℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的镇咳清肺软胶囊的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中,压丸温度设置在18-26℃,相对湿度设置在≤50%;使用12#橄榄型模具,每粒内容物700mg,胶皮950mg的标准进行压制。
5.如权利要求1所述的镇咳清肺软胶囊的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(6)中,温度设置在18-26℃,相对湿度设置在≤50%,定型时间为1-4h。
6.如权利要求1所述的镇咳清肺软胶囊的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(7)中,温度设置在15-28℃,相对湿度设置在≤50%,干燥时间为16-24h,胶皮水分≤11%。
7.一种镇咳清肺软胶囊,其特征在于:由权利要求1-6任一项所述的工艺制备而成。
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