CN116515768A - 一种铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体及其应用 - Google Patents
一种铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体及其应用,属于噬菌体技术领域。本发明分离获得一种铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体,命名为vBP_PaeS_HP1,于2022年7月21日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 20221150;本发明的铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1对铜绿假单胞菌Pae‑01裂解作用明显,宿主谱较宽,具有较好的酸碱稳定性和温度稳定性,经全基因组检测发现无毒力基因和溶原基因,保障了噬菌体制剂在使用过程中的安全性,对功能蛋白功能进行注释,发现编码穿孔素、溶菌酶的开放阅读框,保证了噬菌体的有效性。本发明的噬菌体可制成噬菌体消毒剂用于环境消毒,与抗生素联合使用用于治疗烧伤等疾病引起的铜绿假单胞菌感染等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于噬菌体技术领域,具体涉及一种铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体vB_PaeS_HP1及其应用。
背景技术
铜绿假单胞菌(P.Aeruginosa,Pae)又称绿脓杆菌,是一种常见的革兰氏阴性致病菌。它在自然界中分布广泛,可利用各种碳源和氨化化合物作为氧源,具有高度可塑性和利用多种营养的能力,可快速的在不同的环境中定植和繁殖。Pae可定植于人体的肺部、尿道、眼睛等部位,感染后易引起败血症、呼吸道疾病、尿路梗塞等疾病,可对烧伤病人和囊性纤维化患者带来毁灭性伤害,给人民健康安全带来极大威胁。
有研究发现高龄患者、糖尿病患者、在ICU病房治疗的患者是感染Pae的高危人群,目前治疗Pae感染的主要手段仍是抗生素,患者易产生耐药性,死亡率高,因此探索一种合理有效的抗生素替代疗法对治疗Pae感染具有重要意义。
噬菌体具有裂解能力强、繁殖快、成本低、不易产生耐药性等特点,不仅可以裂解菌体还可以增加菌体对多种抗生素的敏感性,有多项研究表明采用噬菌体和抗生素联合治疗比单独使用两种治疗方案效果好的多。目前已经有多个噬菌体疗法成功应用于临床的案例,故噬菌体疗法被认为是一种最具希望用来对抗日益严重的耐药细菌的生物防控手段。
发明内容
鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种可以高效裂解铜绿假单胞菌的噬菌体及其应用,通过噬菌体治疗多重耐药Pae感染,解决抗生素滥用问题,降低Pae感染病死率,为患者的治疗提供一种高效、安全的选择。
本发明目的是通过以下方式实现:
本发明提供一种铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体(Pseudomonas aeruginosa phase)
vBP_PaeS_HP1,所述铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1的保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M20221150,于2022年7月21日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏地址为:湖北省武汉市武昌区八一路299号。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,所述的铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1是从医院未处理的污水中分离得到,以铜绿假单胞菌为宿主。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,所述的铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1属于短尾噬菌体科,具有多面体头部,直径约为75nm,尾巴长度约为53nm;基因组全长40752bp,无毒力基因和溶原基因;效价数量等级为1010,效价较高。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,通过一步生长曲线表征,所述的铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1的潜伏期为30min,裂解期为50min,噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1的最适生长温度为37℃,-4℃时停止生长,可长期保存于-80℃,噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1适合生长在中性环境中,在pH为6-8的培养基中作用1小后,效价维持在109-1010;在pH为2、12时,仍有活性,酸碱耐受范围较宽;噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1可高效裂解铜绿假单胞菌,最佳感染复数为1;噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1对氯仿不敏感,氯仿处理前后效价数量等级均为1010,因此在制备噬菌体制剂时,可加入氯仿作为附加剂。
本发明另一方面提供所述铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1的用途,所述用途包括在制备铜绿假单胞菌抑制剂或铜绿假单胞菌消毒剂中的用途和在制备治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染的药物或生物制剂中的用途。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,所述铜绿假单胞菌包括多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,所述的治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染的药物或生物制剂与抗生素联合使用。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,所述的抗生素包括β-内酰胺酶类抗生素、氨基糖苷类抗生素和喹诺酮类抗生素。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,所述药物或生物制剂中包括药学上可接受的辅料。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,所述的药学上可接受的辅料包括吸附载体。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点和有益效果:
(1)本发明从烧伤感染患者的脓液中分离得到一株多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌Pae-01,以此为宿主从医院未经处理的污水中筛选出噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1,该噬菌体可以有效裂解多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌Pae-01,为医院治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染提供噬菌体来源。
(2)本发明提供的铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1具有良好的温度耐受性和酸碱耐受性。
(3)本发明提供的铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1具有较强的裂解活性,1小时内就能表现出明显的裂解效果。
(4)本发明提供的铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1在制备用于医院环境消毒和其他环境消毒的噬菌体消毒剂中具有良好的应用前景。
(5)本发明提供的铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1经全基因组检测无毒力基因和溶原基因,保障了噬菌体制剂在使用过程中的安全性,功能蛋白功能注释结果中发现编码穿孔素、溶菌酶的开放阅读框,保证了噬菌体制剂的有效性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例,下面将对实施例涉及的附图进行简单地介绍。
图1为铜绿假单胞菌Pae-01的菌落生长状态图;
图2为噬菌斑形态图;
图3为噬菌体的透射电镜图;
图4为噬菌体的温度敏感性曲线图;
图5为噬菌体的酸碱敏感性曲线图;
图6为噬菌体的一步生长曲线图;
图7为噬菌体电泳检测图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细的说明,但本发明的实施方式不限于此,显而易见地,下面描述中的实施例仅是本发明的部分实施例,对于本领域技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,获得其他的类似的实施例均落入本发明的保护范围。
以下实例中,液体LB培养基的配制方法为:用电子天平精密称取10g胰蛋白胨、5g酵母提取物、10gNaCl于容器中定容至1L,调pH至7.0,放置真空高压灭菌柜中,121℃灭菌20分钟。
固体LB培养基的配制方法为:配置过程同上述液体LB培养基,并按照1.5%的比例加入15g琼脂,此过程需要加热并不断搅拌,以防止琼脂糊底。
半固体LB培养基的配制方法为:配置过程同上述液体LB培养基,并按照0.7%的比例加入7g琼脂,加热搅拌后装瓶灭菌。
PBS(Phosphate-Buffered Saline)缓冲液的配制方法为:用电子天平精密称取8gNaCl、0.2g KCl、1.44g Na2HPO4、0.24g KH2PO4于800ml蒸馏水中,调pH至7.4后装瓶,放置真空高压灭菌柜中,121℃灭菌20分钟。
实施例1:铜绿假单胞菌Pae-01的分离及鉴定
实验菌株是从中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第967医院检验科获得,取自烧伤感染患者的脓液。将用滤纸法保存的菌株接种于液体LB培养基种,37℃培养6h至对数生长期,菌落微浑浊。用接种环蘸取适量菌液在固体LB培养基上划线,37℃过夜培养。次日,观察培养皿上菌落形态,如图1所示,由图可知菌株呈白色透明状,大小中等,边缘整齐,直径约为1mm,,继续培养数日后,菌落表面呈现绿色金属光泽,初步判断菌株类型为铜绿假单胞菌。随后进行16S rDNA实验,测得菌株基因组序列,进一步确定菌株类型为铜绿假单胞菌,将其命名为Pae-01。
宿主菌Pae-01的药敏试验
根据铜绿假单胞菌的耐药特性和抗生素的分类,选择哌拉西林、氨曲南等10种抗生素的药敏纸片进行药敏试验。实验标准参照美国临床实验室标准化协会2019年制定的抗微生物药物敏感性试验的执行标准中的表2B-1。药敏试验采用纸片扩散法进行。将待测菌株Pae-01培养至对数生长期后用无菌棉签蘸取适量菌液轻轻涂布于M-H琼脂糖平板上,待菌液完全吸收后贴药敏纸片,每个培养皿贴3张药敏纸片,37℃培养24h,测抑菌圈直径,取平均值对菌株耐药性进行分析。结果显示铜绿假单胞菌Pae-01对氨曲南、庆大霉素、哌拉西林表现出耐药性,药敏试验具体结果见表1。
表1.铜绿假单胞菌Pae-01的药敏试验结果
实施例2:噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1的分离与纯化
(1)噬菌体的分离
用接种环蘸取适量经鉴定后的铜绿假单胞菌Pae-01在固体琼脂培养基上划线,37℃过夜培养,第二天用枪头挑取单菌落于液体LB培养基中,37℃培养至对数培养期,菌液呈微浑浊状态,以此为宿主菌筛选噬菌体。
以医院未经处理的污水为样本筛选噬菌体,取水样50mL,加CaCl2后4℃,4000rpm离心10min,取上清液用0.22μm滤膜过滤后置于50mL离心管中;取一个无菌锥形瓶,加入10mL LB培养基、10mL滤液、200μL宿主菌于37℃过夜培养,次日,使用0.22μm滤膜过滤培养液,得到噬菌体原液,根据国际噬菌体通用命名规则,将其命名为vBP_PaeS_HP1。
(2)噬菌体的检测
采用点滴法来检测是否筛选到噬菌体:取500μL铜绿假单胞菌Pae-01于一提前准备好的固体LB琼脂平板上,用三角玻璃涂布棒均匀涂布,使菌液平均分布于固体培养基上,静置5min左右,菌液几乎吸收于培养基中,在培养皿正中间点10μL噬菌体原液,37℃过夜培养,次日,观察噬菌斑生长情况,成功筛选出噬菌体。
(3)噬菌体的纯化
采用双层平板法得噬菌斑:将噬菌体原液梯度稀释后(10-1-10-10)备用,取10mL离心管,加入8mL保温在55℃的半固体培养基、600μL铜绿假单胞菌Pae-01菌液、300μL稀释后的噬菌体液体,盖上盖子上下颠倒三次,使之混合充分后作为上层,迅速倒在事先准备好的固体培养基上,等待1~2min,充分凝固后,倒置放于生化培养箱中,37℃过夜培养;第二天,准备一个1.5ml的离心管加入1ml的SM buffer,在平板上挑取一个较大且清晰规整的噬菌斑于SM buffer中,4℃静置6h后加入到培养至对数生长期的铜绿假单胞菌Pae-01菌液中,37℃培养2h,用0.22μm滤膜过滤得到噬菌体原液;重复上述步骤3-4次,直至所得噬菌斑大小一致,噬菌斑形态如图2所示。
(4)噬菌体效价的检测
噬菌体的效价指的是1mL培养液中含噬菌体的个数。采用双层平板法检测噬菌体的效价,具体方法同上述噬菌体的纯化。取100μL待测噬菌体样本于加入900μLPBS buffer的1.5mL离心管中,10倍稀释,取每个梯度的噬菌体与铜绿假单胞菌Pae-01菌液、半固体培养基混合后作为上层,倒在固体琼脂平板上,37℃过夜培养,第二天统计噬菌斑个数,每个样品做3次平行实验。
实施例3:噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1的浓缩
取2个提前灭好菌的250mL锥形瓶,分别加入150mL的LB液体培养基,按照2%的接种量各加入3ml宿主菌,37℃培养6-7h至对数培养期,此时菌液微微浑浊。向菌液中加入3ml的噬菌体原液,继续培养2-3h,可观察到培养基逐渐变为澄清,同时可以观察到有丝絮状物漂浮于锥形瓶中。此时,用0.22μm滤膜过滤后便得到噬菌体扩增液。向滤液中加入DNaseⅠ(1μg/ml)、RNase A(1μg/mL),37℃水浴1h,避免细菌DNA和RNA的干扰。向滤液中加NaCl(5.84g/100ml),用手托住瓶身轻轻旋转以溶解,然后将锥形瓶放于装有碎冰的大烧杯中,冰浴2-3h,冰浴后按照10%(w/v)的比例向溶液中加入30g的PEG8000,同样轻轻旋转瓶身,使其溶解,冰浴过夜。次日,将溶液均匀分装于50mL离心管中,4℃,10000rpm离心20min,观察管底有无白色沉淀,若有,弃上清,离心管倒置30min,使管壁完全干燥。再向离心管中加入1mL TE buffer,用枪头反复吹打,直至白色沉淀完全溶解。以此溶液为溶剂,依次溶解其他离心管中的白色沉淀。最后溶液呈悬浊状态,则为噬菌体浓缩液,4℃保存,用于后续透射电镜观察、噬菌体基因组测序等实验。
实施例4:噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1宿主谱的分析
采用噬菌斑点滴法进行噬菌体宿主谱的分析,所有病原菌的来源均为中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第967医院。在一次性塑料培养皿底部用记号笔画线,分成18等份备用。取10mL的离心管加入8mL保温在55℃的半固体培养基、100μL宿主菌,上下颠倒三次后倒入培养皿中,凝固完全后依次点滴梯度稀释后的噬菌体原液,37℃过夜培养。次日,观察噬菌斑的生长情况。同样,采用噬菌斑点滴法鉴定本实验筛选出的噬菌体对不同种类的铜绿假单胞菌以及其他种属的菌种的裂解性,以此推断噬菌体宿主谱的大小。宿主谱检测结果见表2:
表2.噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1宿主谱的分析结果
注:“+”代表生成噬菌斑,具有裂解性;“-”代表无裂解性
实施例5:噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1透射电镜观察
取噬菌体浓缩液进行透射电镜的观察,用镊子小心移取350目的铜网浸于浓缩液中,15min后取出,用滤纸吸取多余液体后,将铜网放5%乙酸铀酰上染色,干燥后使用TEM透射电镜对噬菌体的形态进行观察。如图3所示,噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1为短尾噬菌体,头部为正多面体,头部直径约为75nm,尾长约为53nm。
实施例6:噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1温度、pH、氯仿稳定性实验
(1)温度稳定性
取7个1.5mL离心管,分别加入1mL噬菌体原液,依次置于-20℃、-4℃、37℃、50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃的冰箱或水浴锅培养1h,1h后取出样品,放置常温后测效价。每组实验重复三次,取平均值,以温度为横坐标,噬菌体效价对数值为纵坐标,绘制噬菌体温度稳定性曲线图,结果如图4所示。
(2)噬菌体酸碱稳定性
使用NaOH和HCI调节LB培养基的酸碱性,使pH为2-12,取1.5mL离心管,加入900μL固定pH的LB培养基,100μL的噬菌体原液,37℃培养1h后,测效价。每组实验重复三次,取平均值,以pH为横坐标,噬菌体效价对数值为纵坐标,绘制噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1酸碱稳定性曲线图,结果如图5所示。
(3)噬菌体氯仿敏感性实验
取2mL噬菌体于5mL离心管中,按照10:1的比例加入200μL的氯仿,震荡混匀后静置10-15min至分层,取上清液测效价。重复三次实验,取平均值,与未加氯仿前噬菌体的效价作对比,判断氯仿对噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1效价的影响,结果见表2:
表2.氯仿对噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1效价的影响
实施例7:噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1最佳感染复数
噬菌体的最佳感染复数(Muhiplieity of Infection,MOI)指的是噬菌体感染宿主菌时产生最大量子代噬菌体时噬菌体与宿主菌数量之比。按照MOI为0.001、0.01、0.1、1、10、100的比例混合噬菌体与铜绿假单胞菌Pae-01病原菌,使各组分体积均为5ml,37℃培养6h,取出后用0.22μm滤膜过滤得到噬菌体液体。依次测量噬菌体效价,每组实验重复三次,取平均值,结果见表3,可以看出噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1的最佳感染复数为1。
表3.噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1最佳感染复数检测结果
实施例8:噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1的一步生长曲线
噬菌体一步生长曲线可以反应噬菌体的生长规律,取1.5mL离心管,加入1mL的铜绿假单胞菌Pae-01菌液、100μL的噬菌体原液,使其按照MOI为0.01的比例混合,37℃培养15min,4℃10000rpm离心15min,去上清液后,用LB培养基重悬,重悬后转移至15mL离心管中,继续加LB培养基至10mL,37℃培养,每隔5min取样一次,过滤后测效价,持续取样1h。每组实验重复三次,取平均值,以时间为横坐标,对应的噬菌体效价为纵坐标,绘制噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1的一步生长曲线图,结果如图6所示。由图可知,噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1的潜伏期为30min,裂解期为50min,随后进入平稳期。
实施例9:噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1基因组检测
(1)噬菌体DNA的提取:取事先准备好的噬菌体浓缩液加入DNase I(1μg/mL)、RNase I(1μg/mL),37℃水浴20min,去除细菌DNA、RNA的干扰,再加入EDTA(20mmol/L)、蛋白酶K(50μg/mL)、SDS(0.5%体积)的培养基,56℃培养2h。然后加入等体积的DNA提取酚试剂,4℃,10000rpm离心25min,收集上层水相。量取上层水相体积,按照水相体积加入同体积的酚、氯仿、异戊醇混合液,混合液比例为25:24:1。混匀后4℃,10000rpm离心25min,取上层水相,用等体积的氯仿进行抽提,抽提后再次离心,去除溶液中的酚试剂,再加入500μL NaAC(3mol/L)、2倍体积无水乙醇,-20℃沉淀2h后,4℃,10000rpm离心25min,弃上清液,再加70%乙醇洗涤上清液,离心后室温放置至乙醇完全挥发,得白色沉淀。用50μLPBS缓冲液溶解沉淀,获得噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1基因组样品,-20℃保存用于后续全基因组的检测。
(2)噬菌体的凝胶电泳
使用1%琼脂糖凝胶(电压:200V,时间:30min)检测噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1 DNA样品的完整性,电泳检测图见图7。由图可知,噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1基因组条带清晰,无RNA和蛋白质干扰,长度大于10000bp,样品满足测序要求。将准备好的DNA样品送至生物公司进行全基因组检测。
(3)噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1的蛋白功能注释
对噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1的测序结果进行初步分析,vBP_PaeS_HP1的基因组为双链线性DNA,全长40752bp,GC含量为62.43%,使用ORF finder在线预测,结果显示HP1共有520个开放阅读框(Open Reading finder,ORF),其中270个(51.9%)ORF位于正义链上,250个(48.1%)ORF位于负义链上。使用NCBI Blast P对预测到的ORF逐个进行同源搜索,最后找到84个基因,包括44个(52.4%)已知功能的功能蛋白和40个(47.6%)未知功能的假定蛋白,未发现毒力基因和溶原基因,保障了噬菌体制剂在使用过程中的安全性,发现编码穿孔素(ORF423)、溶菌酶(ORF87)的开放阅读框,保证了噬菌体制剂的有效性;具体蛋白功能注释结果见表4。
表4.噬菌体的蛋白功能注释
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体(Pseudomonas aeruginosa phase)vBP_PaeS_HP1,其特征在于,所述铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体vBP_PaeS_HP1的保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M20221150,于2022年7月21日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏地址为:湖北省武汉市武昌区八一路299号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体(Pseudomonas aeruginosa phase)vB_PaeS_HP1,其特征在于,所述的铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体vB_PaeS_HP1属于短尾噬菌体科,具有多面体头部,无毒力基因和溶原基因,效价数量等级≥109。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体(Pseudomonas aeruginosa phase)vB_PaeS_HP1,其特征在于,所述的铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体vB_PaeS_HP1的潜伏期为20~40min,裂解期为40~60min,适宜生长的温度范围为0~60℃,适宜生长的pH范围为4-9;噬菌体vB_PaeS_HP1对氯仿不敏感。
4.权利要求1-3任一项所述的铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体(Pseudomonas aeruginosa phase)vB_PaeS_HP1在制备铜绿假单胞菌抑制剂或铜绿假单胞菌消毒剂中的用途。
5.权利要求1-3任一项所述的铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体(Pseudomonas aeruginosa phase)vB_PaeS_HP1在制备治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染的药物或生物制剂中的用途。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染的药物或生物制剂与抗生素联合使用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的抗生素包括β-内酰胺酶类抗生素、氨基糖苷类抗生素和喹诺酮类抗生素。
8.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,所述药物或生物制剂中包括药学上可接受的辅料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的药学上可接受的辅料包括吸附载体。
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CN118147088A (zh) * | 2024-04-30 | 2024-06-07 | 深圳国家感染性疾病临床医学研究中心 | 一种铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体组合物、噬菌体制剂及其应用 |
CN118147088B (zh) * | 2024-04-30 | 2024-08-13 | 深圳国家感染性疾病临床医学研究中心 | 一种铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体组合物、噬菌体制剂及其应用 |
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