CN1164596A - 过滤器介质制造方法以及该介质和利用该介质的过滤器 - Google Patents

过滤器介质制造方法以及该介质和利用该介质的过滤器 Download PDF

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CN1164596A
CN1164596A CN97100645A CN97100645A CN1164596A CN 1164596 A CN1164596 A CN 1164596A CN 97100645 A CN97100645 A CN 97100645A CN 97100645 A CN97100645 A CN 97100645A CN 1164596 A CN1164596 A CN 1164596A
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glass fibre
filter
slurries
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乔治·吉龙迪
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UFI Universal Filter International SpA
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Abstract

一种制造过滤器介质方法由下列操作组成：制备pH值3-5浓度为3％～5％的纤维素纤维悬浮液和pH值2.8～3.8浓度为0.5～1.2％的玻璃纤维悬浮液；制备仅由纤维素纤维组成的第一浆液，添加抗水树脂；制备由纤维素纤维和玻璃纤维组成的第二浆液，两者之比为30％～70％，添加抗水树脂；利用所述浆液形成两叠置层；利用能吸收水分的材料层收集叠置层；将叠置层进行压力为0.1～1公斤/厘米2的加压；所得张形材料经干燥、浸涂丙烯酸乳胶、再干燥后，卷绕成盘。

Description

过滤器介质制造方法以及该介质和利用该介质的过滤器
本发明涉及过滤技术领域，更具体说涉及发动机中流体过滤。
众所周知，在狄塞尔循环和奥托循环的内燃机中，润滑油要不断进行过滤。可是，如何有效地对润滑油进行过滤的问题却不是容易解决的，因为其中一些要求是互相对立的。
本申请人的欧洲专利341349提供了一种技术方案未解决上述问题，该技术方案是在一公知型的过滤器中，例如完全流通过滤器中安置三个过滤器筒，其中两个筒互相串接，串接体与第三个滤筒平行。
采用仔细协调三个滤筒孔隙率的方法，使平行滤筒的孔隙率介于两个串接滤筒孔隙率之间，并使孔隙率最大的滤筒安置在外侧，上述专利的过滤器效率达到其它完全流通过滤器达不到的水平，只有双过滤型过滤器等极其昂贵和复杂的过滤器才能达到的水平。
各种过滤系统中所存在的固有问题在阅读所述欧洲专利341349时就变得更加清楚。
本发明特别涉及所述欧洲专利主题所展示的过滤器。
尽管上述过滤器在运行上效率很高，但它们在结构上有一定难度，这就极大地增加制造成本。为此，过滤器采用了三个分开的、型式不同的，纸或非织物滤筒，三个滤筒不仅分别制造，而且分别安装到一过滤器上，但过滤器中要设置有一内金属加强件，使滤筒能保持在各自的运转位置上。
本发明的目的是提供一种过滤器介质，由该介质可以作出单个滤筒，它具有所述欧洲专利中三个滤筒组合的特征，而且可以加工成单体，象现在那样安装在过滤器装置中。
本发明另一目的是提供一种过滤器介质，它比已知的材料具有更好的过滤特性和机械特性。
本发明再一个目的是能在简单结构中作出具有改良过滤特性的“杯状”过滤器装置。
本发明的目的是通过一多层过滤器介质来实现的，该介质至少由一滤纸层和一玻璃纤维层组成，所述第二层可能仅部分地覆盖着第一层。
根据本发明，可以用聚脂纤维，聚乙烯纤维和聚丙烯纤维代替玻璃纤维。
所述张形多层介质材料然后切成条形，折叠成大家所知环面形滤筒，张形介质材料的特征在下述其制造方法的说明中将清晰地展示出。
制造上述过滤器介质的技术就是一般制造纸张中应用的技术。
根据本发明，制造过程是在纸张制造工厂中进行，以便能处理合成纤维素纤维。在该工厂中至少备有两种碎浆机。
一台碎浆机用来以造纸中应用的方式制备纤维素纤维悬浮液。在本发明中，所提供的纤维素纤维呈张形，其处理浓度为3～5％之间，pH值为5～7。
根据本发明，纤维素纤维具有高阿尔法(Alpha)纤维素含量，以保证纤维间有足够的粘接力，而无需进行大量碎浆操作。众所周知，碎浆改变纤维尺寸，在纤维间产生粘结力，由于纤维间很接近，从而损害了孔隙率，并因此损害了纸张过滤特性。
另一碎浆机是通过切开其纤维而使在水中的玻璃纤维捆包散开。根据本发明，玻璃纤维处理浓度很低，为0.5～1.2％，pH值为2.8～3.8，酸性环境，利用添加硫酸来保持取值范围。
从上述制备的材料分别制备出两种浆液，一种只含有纤维素纤维，另一种含有纤维素纤维和玻璃纤维两者。能获得理想结果的比例是50％的玻璃纤维和50％的纤维素纤维，很明显，玻璃纤维的百分率更直接影响过滤效率，在这一点说，是玻璃纤维提供最低孔隙率。
然后，两种浆液进行净化去除不希望有的颗粒，方法是将浆液放在清洁装置或旋流器中处理，清洁装置或旋流器利用待处理颗粒和粉尘颗粒之间比重差来工作。
在成形阶段前，在每一浆液中都添加一种公知型的抗水树脂，例如聚脂树脂或环氧树脂，以便增加纤维的物理机械性能，并使其适合于随后的成形阶段和干燥阶段。
成形阶段是依据造纸业中熟知的方式进行的，即将两种浆液分别连续地传送到一临时支承件上，该支承件基本上是一塑料网，塑料网轻轻擦过成网滚筒，后者浸于含有所要求浆液的成形罐中。
塑料网首先收集仅由纤维素纤维构成的浆液，在这里纤维素纤维将构成过滤器介质的基层。在第一层上然后加上由纤维素纤维和玻璃纤维两者构成的浆液，形成第二层。通过适当地覆盖成形滚筒，第二层可以方便地作成条形。
以上述方式成形并组合在一起的两层材料然后由合成毡网收集，合成毡网起传送带作用，并利用毛细管作用而吸附两浆液，使它们结合起来。
根据本发明，用于最繁重过滤阶段的微玻璃纤维，其尺寸介于0.5～14微米之间，它能阻挡住污染性颗粒，同时让进行过滤的液体通过。利用大家熟知的布朗运动现象，玻璃纤维还能阻留住尺寸小于孔隙的颗粒。
把玻璃纤维和纤维素纤维组合起来是为了防止玻璃纤维释放微粒，微粒通称固体杂质，如果它们进入液压润滑回路，那将十分有害，直到目前这种微粒还限制着玻璃纤维在过滤介质中的应用。
两层浆液开始时只是简单地一层在另一层之上，然后让其通过两相对滚筒，旋加0.1～1.0公斤/厘米2的压力。这样所获得的张形材料要进行干燥，干燥一般采用混合法：利用蒸气加热至120℃的滚筒和可调节温度的热气干燥炉。
干燥后，材料浸涂着丙烯酸乳胶，50％的溶液(干燥材料百分比)，以便使张形材料形成具有足够机械强度的过滤器板，经受住张形材料随后的折叠工序，并能经受住约为100～800千巴的工作压力。
进一步干燥可将水份减至1％左右，使材料可以绕卷在卷盘上。
本发明的过滤器介质使得在机动车滤油器领域中可以获得很重要结果。
首先，可以制出一个含有三个单独过滤器区的单个滤筒，两个过滤器区呈串联，第三过滤器区与上述两个平行，正如上述欧洲专利341349所叙述那样。
根据本发明，还可以制造用于全流通内燃机的润滑液过滤器，它构形简单，设有单个滤筒，单个滤筒作用犹如多个具有互相不同过滤特征的、互相平行的滤筒的作用。
最后，本发明使公知的过滤器装置的结构极大地简单化。
现结合附图及实施例对本发明作更详细说明，使本发明上述特征和更多特征得以清晰展示，所述实施例只是实例，非限定性的。
图1为侧视示意图，展示出部分材料加工过程；
图2为图1中II-II线剖视图；
图3为图1中III-III线剖视图；
图4为张形材料处于图1中IV位置时的分解图；
图5为过滤器介质部分放大透视图；
图6为包含有图5部分的滤筒；
图7为本发明滤筒的第二实施例。
图1展示出两个成形罐1和2，罐1仅含纤维素纤维，罐2含有50％纤维素纤维浆液和玻璃纤维。可以用聚脂、聚乙烯或聚酰胺纤维代替玻璃纤维。
单个环形支承网3由一回路导向而运动，连续不断地擦过成形滚筒4和5。后者有网状表面，能阻留住一层浆液，浆液则沉积在网3上，网3还起第一沥干作用。
滚筒5包括有由塑料布覆盖所形成的条状区6，该条状区阻止滚筒保留罐2中的浆液。
这样，在罐的下游方就形成了一网状过滤器介质，其第一层或基层8是由纤维素浆液形成，其第二层9是由含有纤维素和玻璃纤维的浆液所形成的条带10构成。
所述网状材料然后由传送毡带11收集，传送毡带吸附浆液，使它们团结在一起。在传送带11下游方，网状过滤器介质通过两钢滚筒12和13之间而加压，正如前述那样。加压阶段的压力可以是0.1～1公斤/厘米2，这个阶段要谨慎处理，因为它决定着两层材料紧密度，从而也就决定着孔隙率。
从图2可以看出，加压是在滚筒12和13之间进行的，在图示情况下，滚筒之一，即滚筒12，其直径是有差别的，这样，两层占据区所受的压力就小于单层占据区所受压力，下面要提及其理由。
图1展示出下游方还设置有加热到120°的干燥滚筒14和干燥炉15。在干燥炉下游方，网状过滤器介质浸入丙烯酸溶液，然后运作到干燥装置14和15，与前述的一样。
最后材料被卷绕在卷盘18上，整个加工过程结束。
由此获得的网状材切割成条带17，如图5所示，条带宽度三分之一为由纤维素材料所形成的层A所占据，条带宽度其余三分之二层A和层B所占据，层A由纤维素材料形成，层B由纤维由纤维素材料和玻璃纤维所形成。所述两层的加压程度小于单层纤维素材料加压程度，这是因为加压滚筒12直接差别所引起的。
制作成的张形材料按一般方法折叠形成单一滤筒，然后安装于如图6所示的过滤器装置中。
在折叠时，要注意将纤维素基层放在外边这样，最后作成的滤筒就由第一过滤区A和第二过滤区AB组成，两区互相平行，第一区具有中等孔隙度，第二区外边具有较粗孔隙度，内边具有较细孔隙度。
根据另一实施例，加压滚筒12和13均为完整的圆柱形，从而使所制成的滤筒的各过滤区20介于过滤区21之间，过滤区20仅由纤维素基层构成，孔隙度较粗，而过滤区21由两层构成，这两层分别为纤维素材料层和纤维素加玻璃纤维层，孔隙度较细。
很明显，只要利用不同直径加压滚筒来调整压力，就可作出各种所需要的孔隙度比率。
在图5和图6所示实施例中，A部加压后的厚度约为0.4毫米，而AB部的厚度约为0.8毫米。在AB部中，纤维素材料层自身的厚度为0.6毫米。
在图7所示实施例中，两层区和单层区加压后的厚度相同，约为0.6毫米。
在另一实施例中(未示出)，滤筒由三层组成，外边两层仅由纤维素形成，而中间层由纤维素和玻璃纤维或前述其他等同物形成。
从图6所示可见，过滤区A和AB沿过滤器轴向的纵向尺寸可以不同于所述的尺寸。例如，过滤区A可以比过滤区AB长很多。

Claims (14)

1.一种制造过滤器介质的方法，其特征在于它由下列操作组成：
—在一打浆机或碎浆机中制备一种pH值为3～5的纤维素纤维悬浮溶液，其浓度为3％～5％；
—在一打浆机或碎浆机中制备一种pH值为2.8-3.8的玻璃纤维悬浮液，纤维浓度为0.5～1.2％；
—制备仅由纤维素纤维组成的第一浆液，在该浆液中添加一种抗水份树脂；
—制备由纤维素纤维和玻璃纤维组成的第二浆液，它们比例为30％～70％，在第二浆液中添加抗水份树脂；
—采用造纸中所应用的方法由所述浆液作出两叠置层材料；
—将所述两层材料收集到一层能吸收水份的材料上；
—对两层叠置浆液层进行加压，所加压力为0.1～1公斤/厘米2；
—对作出的张形材料进行干燥，干燥到水份为1％；
—将干燥的材料浸泡于50％(重量比)的丙烯酸乳胶溶液中；
—再一次对材料进行干燥，并将材料卷绕在一卷盘上。
2.根据权利要求1所述方法，共特征在于可以用聚脂纤维代替玻璃纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于可以用聚乙烯纤维代替玻璃纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于可以用聚酰胺纤维代替玻璃纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于玻璃纤维大小为0.5～14微米。
6.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于由玻璃纤维和纤维素纤维组成的浆液含有50％的玻璃纤维。
7.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于干燥的温度为120℃。
8.一种过滤器介质，其特征在于它至少包括有一层仅由纤维素纤维形成的材料层和一层由纤维素纤维和玻璃纤维共同构成浆液所形成的材料层，后者中两种纤维比例为30～70％。
9.根据权利要求8所述过滤器介质，其特征在于由纤维素纤维和玻璃纤维组成浆液所形成的材料层由互相平行的条带构成，所述条带不能完全覆盖着由单种纤维素纤维所形成的材料层。
10.根据权利要求8所述过滤器介质，其特征在于它由两层纤维素纤维构成。
11.根据权利要求8所述过滤器介质，其特征在于它由两层混有玻璃纤维的纤维素纤维构成。
12.根据权利要求8所述过滤器介质，其特征在于每一层厚度为0.4～0.8毫米。
13.一种内燃机用润滑液过滤器，其特征在于它包括有一滤筒，该滤筒由权利要求8至11所述的过滤器介质构成，所述滤筒至少包括一过滤区，在该区中过滤器介质仅由一层纤维素材料构成，所述滤筒还至少包括一过滤区，在该区中，过滤器介质由一层纤维素材料和一层含有纤维素纤维和玻璃纤维的材料构成。
14.一种内燃机用润滑液过滤器，其特征在于它包括有一滤筒，该滤筒由权利要求8至11所述的过滤器介质构成，该滤筒由三层过滤器介质组成。
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