CN116377759B - 一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种燃料电池用亲水‑疏水碳纸的制备方法。包括以下步骤:将碳纸清洗干净;干燥得预处理后的碳纸;在预处理后的碳纸的一面均匀涂覆厚度为10~20μm的高分子胶乳液1;烘干,清洗,形成表面修饰层,清洗烘干;再次均匀涂覆厚度为10~90μm的高分子胶乳液2;烘干,获得具有双层胶膜的碳纸;将具有双层胶膜的碳纸的胶膜面向上,放入电解槽中进行脉冲通电电解;用去离子水冲洗干净,乙醇浸泡清洗,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,清洗烘干即得。本发明制备的亲水‑疏水碳纸,一面具有疏水的特性,在疏水层与基体碳纸之间引入修饰层,修饰层具有小孔特性更有利于排水,且聚四氟乙烯层与基体碳纸结合力会加强;另一面则使用电解使其具有亲水的特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及燃料电池的技术领域,具体涉及一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法。
背景技术
燃料电池是一种将氢和氧的化学能通过电极反应直接转换成为电能的装置。与传统能源相比,燃料电池在反应过程中不涉及到燃烧因而能量转换效率不受卡诺循环的限制,具有高效、洁净等显著特点。其中,质子交换膜燃料电池不但具有燃料电池的一般特点,还具有能量转换效率高、环境友好、比能量高、相对于电池、操作温度低、启动快的特点,可广泛应用于汽车、电站、移动电源等领域。
气体扩散层是质子交换膜燃料电池中的重要组件,起到支撑催化剂层的作用,也是反应气体和生成物水的通道,对气体扩散层的要求:一、支撑催化剂层的作用:要求气体扩散层能够支撑催化层并且接触电阻要小;二、传输气体和水的通道作用:反应气体需要经过气体扩散层才能到达催化层参与电化学反应生成的水必须能够顺利排出,因此,气体扩散层应具备适宜的孔隙率和孔分布,有利于气体和液体的传送;三、传导电子的作用:阳极气体扩散层要收集电化学氧化产生的电流,阴极扩散层为氧的电化学还原反应输送电子,即扩散层必须是电的良导体;四、热的传输和分配作用:由于燃料电池在发电过程中对温度有要求,并且本身会产生热,因此要求扩散层有较好的热传输和分配能力才能保证发电过程均匀进行,有利于膜电极寿命的延长;五、较强的耐化学腐蚀和耐电化学腐蚀的能力:为了保持较长久的寿命和稳定的性能输出,扩散层材料与结构应能在工作条件下保持稳定,即在氧化或还原情况及在一定电极电位下不产生降解。基于上述对气体扩散层的要求,经过多年的研究与发展,目前成熟应用于燃料电池上的气体扩散层用材料为碳材料,碳材料兼顾较高的导电性和较强的抗电腐蚀性能,且成本较低,这是其他材料所不具备的优点。
一般商业化碳纸为疏水性碳纤维纸,但在近几年的研究中发现,当电池突然启动或在室外工作温度接近某个温度时,气体扩散层的润湿特性对于产物水在流道内的积聚有直接影响,特别是亲水性的气体扩散层(GDL层)对于减小“水淹”更加有效,因为它可以将水有效的从催化层排到GDL层。从质子交换膜燃料电池的组成可以看出,在电池阴极侧会产生水分,如果靠近催化剂层为亲水性的气体扩散层,而靠近阴极板侧为疏水性的气体扩散层,这样由于毛细效应会更有利用水分通过催化剂层向阴极板的传输。
这就要求碳纤维纸需同时具有亲水、疏水的双重性质,这样对于燃料电池寿命提升会更加有利,既可以将减小燃料电池水淹的问题,又可以尽快将水排除催化层。
由于一般商业化的疏水性碳纸为生碳纸(未经过疏水、亲水处理的素坯碳纸)使用聚四氟乙烯乳液浸润制备,而聚四氟乙烯具有强疏水性质,生碳纸本身具有一定的亲水-疏水性质,因此聚四氟乙烯膜与生碳纸的结合强度并不高,且聚四氟乙烯制备的疏水层与生碳纸本身的孔径差距也比较大。生碳纸中多为大孔或者超大孔而疏水层中多为微孔,这就造成疏水层和生碳纸接触面的孔径突变会影响水的传输效率。
如果能在疏水层和生碳纸之间增加一层修饰层,就既可以加强聚四氟乙烯膜与生碳纸的结合强度,又可以生产一种介于大孔和微孔之间的小孔,起到过渡层的作用,也有利于水份的排除。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题:针对上述的技术问题,本发明的目的是提供一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,制备的亲水-疏水碳纸,一面具有疏水的特性,在疏水层与基体碳纸之间引入修饰层,修饰层具有小孔特性更有利于排水,且聚四氟乙烯层与基体碳纸结合力会加强;另一面则使用电解使其具有亲水的特性。上述碳纸用作质子交换膜燃料电池阴极侧的气体扩散层,柔韧性强,不易掉碳粉,导电性能优良,具有优异的排水性能。
技术方案:一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将碳纸用丙酮或乙醇浸泡15min后用去离子水清洗干净,去除表面的尘埃;
S2:在温度65~85℃下真空干燥3~10min得预处理后的碳纸;
S3:在预处理后的碳纸的一面均匀涂覆厚度为10~40μm的高分子胶乳液1;
S4:于105℃下烘干,然后用稀盐酸或稀硫酸清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,形成表面修饰层,用去离子水清洗,再次105℃下烘干;
S5:再次均匀涂覆厚度为10~90μm的高分子胶乳液2;
S6:烘干,获得具有双层胶膜的碳纸;
S7:将具有双层胶膜的碳纸的胶膜面向上,放入电解槽中进行脉冲通电电解;
S8:用去离子水冲洗干净,然后用45℃乙醇浸泡清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,再用去离子水清洗,最后在105℃下烘干即得。
优选的,S3中所述涂覆方法包括涂布、喷涂、丝印,优选为丝印,可以精密控制其厚度。优选的,S3中所述高分子胶乳液1的组分包括双酚A环氧树脂液,聚乙二醇二缩甘油醚、乙醇、氧化石墨烯水分散液和造孔剂。
优选的,S3中所述高分子胶乳液1的组成,以重量份计,包括:1份40wt.%双酚A环氧树脂、0.4份双酚A环氧聚丙烯醚、15.4份去离子水、4.8份聚乙二醇二缩甘油醚、11.2份乙醇、0.5~1份氧化石墨烯水分散液和5份造孔剂。
优选的,所述造孔剂为碳酸钙、碳酸锰、碳酸镁、碳酸铜、碳酸锌中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述S5中高分子乳液2的组分包括聚四氟乙烯乳液或氟化乙丙烯乳液、导电炭黑粉、碳纳米管、液体石蜡和十二烷基硫酸钠。
优选的,所述S5中高分子乳液2的组成,以重量份计,包括:30份60wt.%聚四氟乙烯乳液或60wt.%氟化乙丙烯乳液,2~5份导电炭黑粉,0.5~1份碳纳米管,6份液体石蜡,10份无水乙醇和3份十二烷基硫酸钠。
优选的,所述高分子乳液2的制备方法如下:取液体石蜡,加入无水乙醇,然后在25℃下搅拌30min,分2~5次加入导电炭黑,使液体石蜡和导电炭黑充分溶解均匀,再加入碳纳米管和十二烷基硫酸钠,加入30份60wt.%聚四氟乙烯乳液或60wt.%氟化乙丙烯乳液,搅拌2h即得。
优选的,所述S6中烘干步骤为:在温度200℃下干燥10min,然后升至320~350℃下干燥10min。优选的,所述S7中脉冲通电电解的条件为:电解液为5wt.%磷酸氢二铵水溶液,电流密度为0.2~0.5uA/cm2;通电1s,停电1s,碳纸停留时间2~5s。
有益效果:
1.本发明的亲水-疏水碳纸具有亲水-疏水双重性质,一面具有强疏水性质,另一面具有强亲水性质,既可以将减小燃料电池水淹的问题,又可以尽快将水排除催化层,大大提升了燃料电池的寿命。
2.本发明中在疏水层与碳纸基体之间引入表面修饰层,不仅能够提高疏水层与碳纸结合强度,而且表面修饰层具有介于(疏水层)微孔和(生碳纸)大孔之间的孔径,有利于水的排出。
3.本发明中表面修饰层和疏水层可采用喷涂、涂布、丝印的方式,优选丝印,可以有效控制厚度的均一性;同时,通过在表面修饰层和疏水层中添加导电颗粒及造孔剂,从而改善导电性及孔径。
4.本发明中碳纸的亲水层采用脉冲电解制备,能够缓解纸张表面凹凸纹理所造成的氧化不均匀的问题,通过调节电流密度和电解停留时间,可以有效控制亲水处理等级,制备出不同亲水性能的产品。
5.本发明亲水-疏水碳纸在使用中,强疏水层靠近阴极板侧,强亲水层靠近催化剂层,减少催化剂层水淹,有利于水排出。
6.因为碳纸表面并非光滑的镜面,而是纤维铺敷的具有一定凹凸特质的面,如采用连续通电,碳纸的凸部容易过渡氧化和凹部氧化不足,因此,本发明采用脉冲通电时,停电时在凸部停止氧化反应,有利于OH-扩散到凹部缓解了凸部过渡氧化和凹部氧化不足的弊端。
附图说明
图1为本发明燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸横截面SEM图;
图2为本发明燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸疏水微孔层SEM图;
图3为本发明燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸亲水层SEM图。
具体实施方式
本发明提出了一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确,以下将配合实施例来对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
高分子胶乳液1的组成,以重量份计,包括:1份40wt.%双酚A环氧树脂、0.4份双酚A环氧聚丙烯醚、15.4份去离子水、4.8份聚乙二醇二缩甘油醚、11.2份乙醇、0.8份氧化石墨烯水分散液和5份碳酸钙。
实施例2
高分子乳液2的制备方法如下:取6份液体石蜡,加入10份无水乙醇,然后在25℃下搅拌30min,分4次加入导电炭黑,使液体石蜡和4份导电炭黑充分溶解均匀,再加入0.8份碳纳米管和3份十二烷基硫酸钠,加入30份60wt.%聚四氟乙烯乳液,搅拌2h即得。
实施例3
一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将碳纸用丙酮或乙醇浸泡15min后用去离子水清洗干净,去除表面的尘埃;
S2:在温度75℃下真空干燥7min得预处理后的碳纸;
S3:在预处理后的碳纸的一面均匀涂覆厚度为21μm的实施例1的高分子胶乳液1;所述涂覆方法为涂布;
S4:于105℃下烘干,然后用稀盐酸或稀硫酸清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,形成表面修饰层,用去离子水清洗,再次105℃下烘干;
S5:再次均匀涂覆厚度为32μm的实施例2的高分子胶乳液2;
S6:烘干,烘干步骤为:在温度200℃下干燥10min,然后升至340℃下干燥10min;获得具有双层胶膜的碳纸;
S7:将具有双层胶膜的碳纸的胶膜面向上,放入电解槽中进行脉冲通电电解,脉冲通电电解的条件为:电解液为5wt.%磷酸氢二铵水溶液,电流密度为0.2uA/cm2;通电1s,停电1s,碳纸停留时间5s;
S8:用去离子水冲洗干净,然后用45℃乙醇浸泡清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,再用去离子水清洗,最后在105℃下烘干即得。
实施例4
一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将碳纸用丙酮或乙醇浸泡15min后用去离子水清洗干净,去除表面的尘埃;
S2:在温度75℃下真空干燥7min得预处理后的碳纸;
S3:在预处理后的碳纸的一面均匀涂覆厚度为12μm的实施例1的高分子胶乳液1;所述涂覆方法为丝印,可以精密控制其厚度;
S4:于105℃下烘干,然后用稀盐酸或稀硫酸清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,形成表面修饰层,用去离子水清洗,再次105℃下烘干;
S5:再次均匀涂覆厚度为53μm的实施例2的高分子胶乳液2;
S6:烘干,烘干步骤为:在温度200℃下干燥10min,然后升至340℃下干燥10min;获得具有双层胶膜的碳纸;
S7:将具有双层胶膜的碳纸的胶膜面向上,放入电解槽中进行脉冲通电电解,脉冲通电电解的条件为:电解液为5wt.%磷酸氢二铵水溶液,电流密度为0.35uA/cm2;通电1s,停电1s,碳纸停留时间4s;
S8:用去离子水冲洗干净,然后用45℃乙醇浸泡清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,再用去离子水清洗,最后在105℃下烘干即得。
实施例5
一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将碳纸用丙酮或乙醇浸泡15min后用去离子水清洗干净,去除表面的尘埃;
S2:在温度75℃下真空干燥7min得预处理后的碳纸;
S3:在预处理后的碳纸的一面均匀涂覆厚度为23μm的实施例1的高分子胶乳液1;所述涂覆方法为喷涂,可以精密控制其厚度;
S4:于105℃下烘干,然后用稀盐酸或稀硫酸清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,形成表面修饰层,用去离子水清洗,再次105℃下烘干;
S5:再次均匀涂覆厚度为51μm的实施例2的高分子胶乳液2;
S6:烘干,烘干步骤为:在温度200℃下干燥10min,然后升至340℃下干燥10min;获得具有双层胶膜的碳纸;
S7:将具有双层胶膜的碳纸的胶膜面向上,放入电解槽中进行脉冲通电电解,脉冲通电电解的条件为:电解液为5wt.%磷酸氢二铵水溶液,电流密度为0.5uA/cm2;通电1s,停电1s,碳纸停留时间4s;
S8:用去离子水冲洗干净,然后用45℃乙醇浸泡清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,再用去离子水清洗,最后在105℃下烘干即得。
实施例6
一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将碳纸用丙酮或乙醇浸泡15min后用去离子水清洗干净,去除表面的尘埃;
S2:在温度75℃下真空干燥7min得预处理后的碳纸;
S3:在预处理后的碳纸的一面均匀涂覆厚度为30μm的实施例1的高分子胶乳液1;所述涂覆方法为丝印,可以精密控制其厚度;
S4:于105℃下烘干,然后用稀盐酸或稀硫酸清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,形成表面修饰层,用去离子水清洗,再次105℃下烘干;
S5:再次均匀涂覆厚度为89μm的实施例2的高分子胶乳液2;
S6:烘干,烘干步骤为:在温度200℃下干燥10min,然后升至340℃下干燥10min;获得具有双层胶膜的碳纸;
S7:将具有双层胶膜的碳纸的胶膜面向上,放入电解槽中进行脉冲通电电解,脉冲通电电解的条件为:电解液为5wt.%磷酸氢二铵水溶液,电流密度为0.2uA/cm2;通电1s,停电1s,碳纸停留时间5s;
S8:用去离子水冲洗干净,然后用45℃乙醇浸泡清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,再用去离子水清洗,最后在105℃下烘干即得。
实施例7
一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将碳纸用丙酮或乙醇浸泡15min后用去离子水清洗干净,去除表面的尘埃;
S2:在温度75℃下真空干燥7min得预处理后的碳纸;
S3:在预处理后的碳纸的一面均匀涂覆厚度为15μm的实施例1的高分子胶乳液1;所述涂覆方法为丝印,可以精密控制其厚度;
S4:于105℃下烘干,然后用稀盐酸或稀硫酸清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,形成表面修饰层,用去离子水清洗,再次105℃下烘干;
S5:再次均匀涂覆厚度为42μm的实施例2的高分子胶乳液2;
S6:烘干,烘干步骤为:在温度200℃下干燥10min,然后升至340℃下干燥10min;获得具有双层胶膜的碳纸;
S7:将具有双层胶膜的碳纸的胶膜面向上,放入电解槽中进行脉冲通电电解,脉冲通电电解的条件为:电解液为5wt.%磷酸氢二铵水溶液,电流密度为0.35uA/cm2;通电1s,停电1s,碳纸停留时间4s;
S8:用去离子水冲洗干净,然后用45℃乙醇浸泡清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,再用去离子水清洗,最后在105℃下烘干即得。
实施例8
一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将碳纸用丙酮或乙醇浸泡15min后用去离子水清洗干净,去除表面的尘埃;
S2:在温度75℃下真空干燥7min得预处理后的碳纸;
S3:在预处理后的碳纸的一面均匀涂覆厚度为22μm的实施例1的高分子胶乳液1;所述涂覆方法为涂布,可以精密控制其厚度;
S4:于105℃下烘干,然后用稀盐酸或稀硫酸清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,形成表面修饰层,用去离子水清洗,再次105℃下烘干;
S5:再次均匀涂覆厚度为50μm的实施例2的高分子胶乳液2;
S6:烘干,烘干步骤为:在温度200℃下干燥10min,然后升至340℃下干燥10min;获得具有双层胶膜的碳纸;
S7:将具有双层胶膜的碳纸的胶膜面向上,放入电解槽中进行脉冲通电电解,脉冲通电电解的条件为:电解液为5wt.%磷酸氢二铵水溶液,电流密度为0.2uA/cm2;通电1s,停电1s,碳纸停留时间5s;
S8:用去离子水冲洗干净,然后用45℃乙醇浸泡清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,再用去离子水清洗,最后在105℃下烘干即得。
实施例9
一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将碳纸用丙酮或乙醇浸泡15min后用去离子水清洗干净,去除表面的尘埃;
S2:在温度75℃下真空干燥7min得预处理后的碳纸;
S3:在预处理后的碳纸的一面均匀涂覆厚度为43μm的实施例1的高分子胶乳液1;所述涂覆方法为丝印,可以精密控制其厚度;
S4:于105℃下烘干,然后用稀盐酸或稀硫酸清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,形成表面修饰层,用去离子水清洗,再次105℃下烘干;
S5:再次均匀涂覆厚度为90μm的实施例2的高分子胶乳液2;
S6:烘干,烘干步骤为:在温度200℃下干燥10min,然后升至340℃下干燥10min;获得具有双层胶膜的碳纸;
S7:将具有双层胶膜的碳纸的胶膜面向上,放入电解槽中进行脉冲通电电解,脉冲通电电解的条件为:电解液为5wt.%磷酸氢二铵水溶液,电流密度为0.35uA/cm2;通电1s,停电1s,碳纸停留时间4s;
S8:用去离子水冲洗干净,然后用45℃乙醇浸泡清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,再用去离子水清洗,最后在105℃下烘干即得。
实施例10
一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将碳纸用丙酮或乙醇浸泡15min后用去离子水清洗干净,去除表面的尘埃;
S2:在温度75℃下真空干燥7min得预处理后的碳纸;
S3:在预处理后的碳纸的一面均匀涂覆厚度为31μm的实施例1的高分子胶乳液1;所述涂覆方法为喷涂,可以精密控制其厚度;
S4:于105℃下烘干,然后用稀盐酸或稀硫酸清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,形成表面修饰层,用去离子水清洗,再次105℃下烘干;
S5:再次均匀涂覆厚度为22μm的实施例2的高分子胶乳液2;
S6:烘干,烘干步骤为:在温度200℃下干燥10min,然后升至340℃下干燥10min;获得具有双层胶膜的碳纸;
S7:将具有双层胶膜的碳纸的胶膜面向上,放入电解槽中进行脉冲通电电解,脉冲通电电解的条件为:电解液为5wt.%磷酸氢二铵水溶液,电流密度为0.5uA/cm2;通电1s,停电1s,碳纸停留时间2s;
S8:用去离子水冲洗干净,然后用45℃乙醇浸泡清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,再用去离子水清洗,最后在105℃下烘干即得。
对比例1
一种燃料电池用碳纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将碳纸用丙酮或乙醇浸泡15min后用去离子水清洗干净,去除表面的尘埃;
S2:在温度75℃下真空干燥7min得预处理后的碳纸;
S3:在预处理后的碳纸的一面均匀涂覆厚度为32μm的实施例1的高分子胶乳液1;所述涂覆方法为喷涂,可以精密控制其厚度;
S4:于105℃下烘干,然后用稀盐酸或稀硫酸清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,形成表面修饰层,用去离子水清洗,再次105℃下烘干;
S5:在S3处理步骤的那面再次均匀涂覆厚度为21μm的实施例2的高分子胶乳液2;
S6:烘干,烘干步骤为:在温度200℃下干燥10min,然后升至340℃下干燥10min;获得具有双层胶膜的碳纸;
S7:用去离子水冲洗干净,然后用45℃乙醇浸泡清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,再用去离子水清洗,最后在105℃下烘干即得。
对比例2
一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将碳纸用丙酮或乙醇浸泡15min后用去离子水清洗干净,去除表面的尘埃;
S2:在温度75℃下真空干燥7min得预处理后的碳纸;
S3:在预处理后的碳纸的一面均匀涂覆厚度为30μm的实施例2的高分子胶乳液2;
S4:烘干,烘干步骤为:在温度200℃下干燥10min,然后升至340℃下干燥10min;获得具有双层胶膜的碳纸;
S5:将具有双层胶膜的碳纸的胶膜面向上,放入电解槽中进行脉冲通电电解,脉冲通电电解的条件为:电解液为5wt.%磷酸氢二铵水溶液,电流密度为0.2uA/cm2;通电1s,停电1s,碳纸停留时间5s;
S6:用去离子水冲洗干净,然后用45℃乙醇浸泡清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,再用去离子水清洗,最后在105℃下烘干即得。
对比例3
一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将碳纸用丙酮或乙醇浸泡15min后用去离子水清洗干净,去除表面的尘埃;
S2:在温度75℃下真空干燥7min得预处理后的碳纸;
S3:在预处理后的碳纸的一面均匀涂覆厚度为30μm的实施例1的高分子胶乳液1;所述涂覆方法为喷涂,可以精密控制其厚度;
S4:于105℃下烘干,然后用稀盐酸或稀硫酸清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,形成表面修饰层,用去离子水清洗,再次105℃下烘干;
S5:将碳纸的胶膜面向上,放入电解槽中进行脉冲通电电解,脉冲通电电解的条件为:电解液为5wt.%磷酸氢二铵水溶液,电流密度为0.3uA/cm2;通电1s,停电1s,碳纸停留时间4s;
S6:用去离子水冲洗干净,然后用45℃乙醇浸泡清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,再用去离子水清洗,最后在105℃下烘干即得。
对上述实施例和对比例进行亲水、疏水、导电和拉伸强度的性能测试,测试结果如下表1所示:
使用接触角测量仪测试碳纸的静态水接触角;
采用四探针电阻测量法,测试碳纸的平面电阻率;
参考《GB/T 20042.7-2014质子交换膜燃料电池第7部分碳纸特性测试方法》的要求,测试碳纸的拉伸强度。
表1
Claims (7)
1.一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:将碳纸用丙酮或乙醇浸泡15min后用去离子水清洗干净,去除表面的尘埃;
S2:在温度65~85℃下真空干燥3~10min得预处理后的碳纸;
S3:在预处理后的碳纸的一面均匀涂覆厚度为10~40μm的高分子胶乳液1;
S4:于105℃下烘干,然后用稀盐酸或稀硫酸清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,形成表面修饰层,用去离子水清洗,于105℃下烘干;
S5:再次均匀涂覆厚度为10~90μm的高分子胶乳液2;
S6:烘干,获得具有双层胶膜的碳纸;
S7:将具有双层胶膜的碳纸的胶膜面向上,放入电解槽中进行脉冲通电电解;
S8:用去离子水冲洗干净,然后用45℃乙醇浸泡清洗2h,或使用鼓泡清洗的方式加强,再用去离子水清洗,最后在105℃下烘干即得;
所述高分子胶乳液1的组成,以重量份计,包括:1份40wt .%双酚A环氧树脂、0 .4份双酚A环氧聚丙烯醚、15 .4份去离子水、4 .8份聚乙二醇二缩甘油醚、11 .2份乙醇、0 .5~1份氧化石墨烯水分散液和5份造孔剂;
所述高分子乳液2的组分包括聚四氟乙烯乳液或氟化乙丙烯乳液、导电炭黑粉、碳纳米管、液体石蜡和十二烷基硫酸钠。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,其特征在于,S3中所述涂覆方法包括涂布、喷涂、丝印。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,其特征在于,所述造孔剂为碳酸钙、碳酸锰、碳酸镁、碳酸铜、碳酸锌中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高分子乳液2的组成,以重量份计,包括:30份60wt .%聚四氟乙烯乳液或60wt .%氟化乙丙烯乳液,2~5份导电炭黑粉,0 .5~1份碳纳米管,6份液体石蜡,10份无水乙醇和3份十二烷基硫酸钠。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高分子乳液2的制备方法如下:取液体石蜡,加入无水乙醇,然后在25℃下搅拌30min,分2~5次加入导电炭黑,使液体石蜡和导电炭黑充分溶解均匀,再加入碳纳米管和十二烷基硫酸钠,加入30份60wt.%聚四氟乙烯乳液或60wt.%氟化乙丙烯乳液,搅拌2h即得。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S6中烘干步骤为:在温度200℃下干燥10min,然后升至320~350℃下干燥10min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池用亲水-疏水碳纸的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S7中脉冲通电电解的条件为:电解液为5wt .%磷酸氢二铵水溶液,电流密度为0 .2~0.5uA/cm2;通电1s,停电1s,碳纸停留时间2~5s。
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