CN116355218A - 一种异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机硅材料领域,具体涉及一种异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
异端双端活性聚硅氧烷的两端都是具有反应活性的、不同的基团,一般指硅氢基、硅乙烯基、硅羟基、硅烷氧基、硅环氧基等,可以分别与不同性质的物质进行反应,不仅能改善有机硅产品配方的相容性,还可以提高有机硅产品与其他非有机硅产品之间的相互作用。例如,乙烯基烷氧基硅油在加成型硅橡胶中应用时,乙烯基能与含氢组分进行加成反应,而烷氧基能与白炭黑上的羟基反应,可以有效改善白炭黑在基体中的相容性和分散性。
目前,已有较多在单端活性硅油的合成方面的专利报道,例如,专利CN114621443A公开以环硅氧烷为反应物、三甲基硅醇金属盐为引发剂进行开环聚合制备单端活性硅油;CN112625242A公开采用二甲基环硅氧烷和三甲基一氯硅烷在固体酸催化下进行平衡反应,将得到的反应产物用碱性水溶液后处理制备单端羟基硅油;CN101580589B披露了一种采用金属锂试剂为引发剂,采用阴离子开环非平衡聚合催化六甲基环三硅氧烷来制备各单端含氢硅油的方法。
然而,针对异端双端活性聚硅氧烷合成的技术报道相对较少,因此亟需拓展异端双端活性聚硅氧烷的产品种类并进行合理利用。
发明内容
本发明丰富了异端双端活性聚硅氧烷材料的种类,提供了一种新型的异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷,其可以作为一种中间原料进一步制备得到能改善有机硅材料与其他材料的界面作用的新物质,应用前景广泛、市场效益可期。
本发明采用的技术方案的基本构思如下:
一种异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷,具有如下式所示的化学结构:
其中,R1、R2为甲基或苯基,n为5~299中的任意整数。
本发明提供所述的异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷的制备方法,包括如下步骤:在惰性气氛中,使二甲基乙烯基硅醇锂、环硅氧烷在促进剂的作用下发生开环聚合反应,然后加酸进行中和反应,经过滤、减压蒸馏除去促进剂,得到所述异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷。
作为一种方式,所述开环聚合反应的温度是80-150℃,反应时间是2-12h。
作为一种方式,所述促进剂为四氢呋喃、二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、六甲基磷酰胺、二甘醇二甲醚、三甘醇二甲醚或乙二醇二甲醚中的任意一种。
可选地,所述环硅氧烷为六甲基环三硅氧烷或甲基苯基环三硅氧烷。
可选地,所述中和反应中使用的酸为甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、盐酸、磷酸或硫酸中的任意一种。
作为一种方式,所述二甲基乙烯基硅醇锂、促进剂、环硅氧烷的摩尔比为1:(10~20):[(n+1)/3],其中,n为5~299中的任意整数。
本发明进一步提供所述的异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷的用途,将所述异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷分别与四甲基二氢二硅氧烷、烷氧基硅烷或环氧基硅烷偶联剂反应,制备异端乙烯基氢基聚硅氧烷、异端乙烯基烷氧基聚硅氧烷或异端乙烯基环氧基聚硅氧烷;
其中,所述异端乙烯基氢基聚硅氧烷的结构式为:
所述异端乙烯基烷氧基聚硅氧烷的结构式为:
所述异端乙烯基环氧基聚硅氧烷的结构式为:
上述R1、R2为甲基或苯基;R4、R5为甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基中的任意一种且R4、R5不能同时为甲基;n为5~299的任意整数。
作为一种方式,所述异端乙烯基氢基聚硅氧烷的制备方法如下:在氮气氛围中,将异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷、四甲基二氢二硅氧烷、催化剂在40~120℃反应4~12h,经减压脱出未反应的四甲基二氢二硅氧烷后得到异端乙烯基氢基聚硅氧烷;所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡或铂。
优选地,所述异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷、四甲基二氢二硅氧烷的摩尔比为1:1~2,所述催化剂的用量为反应物总质量的10-6~10-3。
作为一种方式,所述异端乙烯基烷氧基聚硅氧烷的制备方法如下:在氮气氛围中,将异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷、烷氧基硅烷、催化剂在40~120℃反应4~12h,经减压脱出未反应的烷氧基硅烷后得到异端乙烯基烷氧基聚硅氧烷;
所述烷氧基硅烷为四甲氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷或甲基三乙氧基硅烷,所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡或环己酮肟中的任意一种。
优选地,所述端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷、烷氧基硅烷的摩尔比为1:1~1.5,所述催化剂的用量为反应物总质量的0.001~0.02。
作为一种方式,所述异端乙烯基环氧基聚硅氧烷的制备方法如下:在氮气氛围中,将异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷、环氧基硅烷偶联剂、催化剂在40~120℃反应4~12h,经减压脱出未反应的环氧基硅烷偶联剂后得到异端乙烯基烷氧基聚硅氧烷;
所述环氧基硅烷偶联剂为(3-环氧丙氧丙基)三甲氧基硅烷、(3-环氧丙氧丙基)甲基二甲氧基硅烷、(3-环氧丙氧丙基)三乙氧基硅烷、2-(3,4-环氢环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷或2-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基三乙氧基硅烷中的任意一种;
所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、环己酮肟、钛酸异丙酯、钛酸正丁酯或四叔丁基钛酸酯中的任意一种。
作为一种方式,所述端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷、环氧基硅烷偶联剂的摩尔比为1:1~1.5,所述催化剂用量为反应物总质量的0.001~0.02。
本发明和现有技术相比具有如下优点:
1、本发明提供一种新型的异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷,两端分别具有不同活性的基团,能够用于进一步制备性质各异的、类型更丰富的有机硅材料。
2、本发明提供一种新型的异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷的制备方法,以二甲基乙烯基硅醇锂为原料,引发环硅氧烷开环聚合,经中和、过滤后制得异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷,工艺流程短、操作方便,利于实现产业化。
3、本发明提供新型的异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷的用途,以其为原料进一步制备得到了能够提高有机硅材料与其他材料的界面作用的新产品,拓展了有机硅材料的应用场景。
附图说明
图1是实施例1的核磁测试H谱图。
图2是实施例7的核磁测试H谱图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明所提出的技术方案的目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面对本发明所提出的技术方案的实施例进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅是所提出的技术方案的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,均属于本发明保护的范围。
以下实施例中的化学试剂均可通过市场采购获得。
粘度测试方法:参照GB/T 10247-2008粘度的测量方法。
挥发分测试方法:参照Q/XHG6020-20204.3中乙烯基硅油挥发分的测定方法。
乙烯基测试方法:参照GB/T 28610-2020附录C乙烯基链节摩尔分数的测定(化学法)。
羟基含量测试方法:利用1H NMR表征,溶剂为CDCl3,计算方法如下:
实施例1
在氮气氛围中,将二甲基乙烯基硅醇锂(0.1mol,10.8g)、四氢呋喃(2mol,144g)、六甲基环三硅氧烷(0.2mol,44.5g)在80℃反应12h,加入甲酸中和至pH=7,经减压过滤20min、所得液体在60℃真空度-0.09MPa条件下蒸馏除去四氢呋喃后,得到异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷。
产品分析结果如下:粘度14.7cP,挥发分11.96%,乙烯基含量3.89wt%,羟基含量1.56wt%。
实施例2
在氮气氛围中,将二甲基乙烯基硅醇锂(0.1mol,10.8g)、二甲亚砜(2mol,156g)、甲基苯基环三硅氧烷(0.2mol,81.7g)在150℃反应2h,加入乙酸中和至pH=7,经减压过滤20min、所得液体在100℃真空度-0.10MPa条件下蒸馏除去二甲亚砜后得到异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷。
产品分析结果如下:粘度31.1cP,挥发分9.72%,乙烯基含量2.63wt%,羟基含量1.06wt%。
实施例3
在氮气氛围中,将二甲基乙烯基硅醇锂(0.1mol,10.8g)、六甲基磷酰胺(2mol,358g)、六甲基环三硅氧烷(10mol,2224.6g)在80℃反应12h,加入盐酸中和至pH=7,经减压过滤20min、所得液体在100℃真空度-0.10MPa条件下蒸馏除去六甲基磷酰胺后得到异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷。
产品分析结果如下:粘度706cP,挥发分0.51%,乙烯基含量0.53wt%,羟基含量0.08wt%。
实施例4
在氮气氛围中,将二甲基乙烯基硅醇锂(0.1mol,10.8g)、二甘醇二甲醚(2mol,268g)、六甲基环三硅氧烷(10mol,2224.6g)在80℃反应12h,加入磷酸中和至pH=7,经减压过滤20min、所得液体在100℃真空度-0.10MPa条件下蒸馏除去二甘醇二甲醚后得到异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷。
产品分析结果如下:粘度722cP,挥发分0.48%,乙烯基含量0.49wt%,羟基含量0.08wt%。
实施例5
在氮气氛围中,将二甲基乙烯基硅醇锂(0.1mol,10.8g)、三甘醇二甲醚(2mol,356g)、六甲基环三硅氧烷(10mol,2224.6g)在80℃反应12h,加入硫酸中和至pH=7,经减压过滤20min、所得液体在100℃真空度-0.10MPa条件下蒸馏除去三甘醇二甲醚后得到异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷。
产品分析结果如下:粘度751cP,挥发分0.56%,乙烯基含量0.50wt%,羟基含量0.08wt%。
实施例6
在氮气氛围中,将二甲基乙烯基硅醇锂(0.1mol,10.8g)、乙二醇二甲醚(2mol,180g)、六甲基环三硅氧烷(10mol,2224.6g)在80℃反应12h,加入甲酸中和至pH=7,经减压过滤40min、所得液体在100℃真空度-0.10MPa条件下除去乙二醇二甲醚后得到异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷。
产品分析结果如下:粘度701cP,挥发分0.59%,乙烯基含量0.51wt%,羟基含量0.08wt%。
实施例7
在氮气氛围中,将实施例1中得到的异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷(0.01mol,5.46g)、四甲基二氢二硅氧烷(0.01mol,1.34g)、二月桂酸二丁基锡(0.0068g)在40℃反应12h,在100℃真空度-0.10MPa条件下蒸馏脱出未反应的四甲基二氢二硅氧烷,得到异端乙烯基氢基聚硅氧烷。
产品分析结果如下:粘度23.1cP,挥发分8.33%,乙烯基含量3.91wt%。
实施例8
在氮气氛围中,将实施例3中的异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷(0.01mol,223.02g)、四乙氧基硅烷(0.03mol,6.25g)、二月桂酸二丁基锡(0.22g)在120℃反应4h,在100℃真空度-0.10MPa条件下蒸馏脱出未反应的烷氧基硅烷,得到异端乙烯基烷氧基聚硅氧烷。
产品分析结果如下:粘度975cP,挥发分0.86%,乙烯基含量0.35wt%。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷的制备方法,包括如下步骤:在惰性气氛中,使二甲基乙烯基硅醇锂、环硅氧烷在促进剂的作用下发生开环聚合反应,然后加酸进行中和反应,经过滤、减压蒸馏除去促进剂,得到所述异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷。
3.根据权利要求2所述的异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述开环聚合反应的温度是80-150℃,反应时间是2-12h。
4.根据权利要求2所述的异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述促进剂为四氢呋喃、二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、六甲基磷酰胺、二甘醇二甲醚、三甘醇二甲醚或乙二醇二甲醚中的任意一种;
可选地,所述环硅氧烷为六甲基环三硅氧烷或甲基苯基环三硅氧烷;
可选地,所述中和反应中使用的酸为甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、盐酸、磷酸或硫酸中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二甲基乙烯基硅醇锂、促进剂、环硅氧烷的摩尔比为1:(10~20):[(n+1)/3],其中,n为5~299中的任意整数。
7.根据权利要求6所述的异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷的用途,其特征在于,所述异端乙烯基氢基聚硅氧烷的制备方法如下:在氮气氛围中,将异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷、四甲基二氢二硅氧烷、催化剂在40~120℃反应4~12h,经减压脱出未反应的四甲基二氢二硅氧烷后得到异端乙烯基氢基聚硅氧烷;所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡或铂;
优选地,所述异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷、四甲基二氢二硅氧烷的摩尔比为1:1~2,所述催化剂的用量为反应物总质量的10-6~10-3。
8.根据权利要求6所述的异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷的用途,其特征在于,所述异端乙烯基烷氧基聚硅氧烷的制备方法如下:在氮气氛围中,将异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷、烷氧基硅烷、催化剂在40~120℃反应4~12h,经减压脱出未反应的烷氧基硅烷后得到异端乙烯基烷氧基聚硅氧烷;
所述烷氧基硅烷为四甲氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷或甲基三乙氧基硅烷,所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡或环己酮肟中的任意一种;
优选地,所述端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷、烷氧基硅烷的摩尔比为1:1~1.5,所述催化剂的用量为反应物总质量的0.001~0.02。
9.根据权利要求6所述的异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷的用途,其特征在于,所述异端乙烯基环氧基聚硅氧烷的制备方法如下:在氮气氛围中,将异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷、环氧基硅烷偶联剂、催化剂在40~120℃反应4~12h,经减压脱出未反应的环氧基硅烷偶联剂后得到异端乙烯基烷氧基聚硅氧烷;
所述环氧基硅烷偶联剂为(3-环氧丙氧丙基)三甲氧基硅烷、(3-环氧丙氧丙基)甲基二甲氧基硅烷、(3-环氧丙氧丙基)三乙氧基硅烷、2-(3,4-环氢环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷或2-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基三乙氧基硅烷中的任意一种;
所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、环己酮肟、钛酸异丙酯、钛酸正丁酯或四叔丁基钛酸酯中的任意一种。
10.根据权利要求9所述的异端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷的用途,其特征在于,所述端乙烯基羟基聚硅氧烷、环氧基硅烷偶联剂的摩尔比为1:1~1.5,所述催化剂用量为反应物总质量的0.001~0.02。
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CN117946397A (zh) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-04-30 | 广州福泽新材料有限公司 | 一种端烯基端羟烃基异端基氟硅油的制备方法及其应用 |
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