CN116350695B - 一种药物组合物治疗肺结节的新用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种药物组合物治疗肺结节的新用途,属于药物组合物技术领域。本发明提供了一种药物组合物在制备治疗肺结节的药物中的应用,药物组合物的组份包括西洋参、丹参、柴胡、五味子、虎杖、板蓝根、白花蛇舌草、熊胆和蛋黄卵磷脂。本发明药物组合物围绕治则组方,君臣佐使相配,结合动物实验及临床试验证实,该药物组合物既符合中医药传统理论,体现标本兼治的中药独特之处,又符合现代医药学理论,通过扶正固本、益气养阴、活血化瘀、清热解毒、疏肝理气、化痰消痰、软坚散结、消痛散结治疗肺结节,可以提高人体免疫力,有效控制肺部结节以及肺部恶性肿瘤的生长,对于消除良性结节,改善恶性肺部肿瘤患者生活质量延缓生命有着显著的疗效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物组合物技术领域,尤其涉及一种药物组合物治疗肺结节的新用途。
背景技术
肺结节是指肺部影像学上各种大小边缘清楚或模糊,直径小于等于3cm的局灶性圆形致密影。症状与体征视其起病的缓急及器官的多少而不同。肺结节根据数量可以是孤立性和多发性的,临床上根据结节的性质可分为炎性结节和病毒性结节,大多数为炎性肺结节。肺结节早期常见无明显症状和体征,可出现咳嗽、少量痰液、偶尔是少量咳血,可有乏力、发热、盗汗、食欲减退体重减轻等症状。可因合并感染肺气肿、支气管扩张、肺源性心脏病等加重病情。现有的炎性肺结节治疗主要是使用抗生素消炎,长期大量使用抗生素治疗小结节炎性病灶有滥用抗生素风险,疗效也不佳。
中医认为肺结节为有型之邪,主要由痰、瘀、毒相互博结而成,结节增大当发展到合并感染表现出一些证型特征,可有中医的气滞痰阻证,寒痰凝滞证,湿热痰瘀证阳虚内热等证候。早期进行的中医治疗对于消除和控制肺部结节的发展,治疗方法丰富疗效较高,现代中医辩病与辩证相结合探索出不少新的治疗方案和方药,临床上有显著优势。
公告号为CN100482252C的发明专利《一种治疗乙肝的药物组合物》公开了以益气养阴、活血行气、清利湿热,治疗急、慢性乙肝的标本兼治的药物组合物。但目前尚无将该药物组合物用于治疗肺结节的报道。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种药物组合物治疗肺结节的新用途。
本发明的技术方案:
一种药物组合物在制备治疗肺结节的药物中的应用,所述药物组合物包括如下重量份的组份:西洋参10~30份、丹参14~34份、柴胡6~26份、五味子4~24份、虎杖2~12份、板蓝根2~10份、白花蛇舌草6~16份、熊胆0.6~1.4份和蛋黄卵磷脂0.6~1.4份。
进一步的,所述药物组合物包括如下重量份的组份:西洋参15~25份、丹参19~29份、柴胡11~21份、五味子9~19份、虎杖6~8份、板蓝根4~8份、白花蛇舌草9~15份、熊胆0.8~1.2份和蛋黄卵磷脂0.8~1.2份。
进一步的,所述药物组合物包括如下重量份的组份:西洋参17~25份、丹参19~28份、柴胡11~14份、五味子10~19份、虎杖6~8份、板蓝根4~8份、白花蛇舌草10~14份、熊胆0.8~1.2份和蛋黄卵磷脂0.8~1.2份。
进一步的,所述药物组合物包括如下重量份的组份:西洋参15~20份、丹参19~27份、柴胡11~13份、五味子9~19份、虎杖6~8份、板蓝根4~6份、白花蛇舌草13~14份、熊胆1.0~1.2份和蛋黄卵磷脂0.8~1.2份。
进一步的,所述治疗肺结节的药物的剂型为片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、滴丸剂、丸剂、缓释制剂或冻干粉制剂。
进一步的,所述药物组合物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一、按重量份分别称取药物组合物中各组份;
步骤二、西洋参用65~85%乙醇在60~80℃下提取3次,每次1~2h,过滤提取液,减压回收乙醇得到流浸膏;所得流浸膏上D101大孔树脂,用40~60%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液减压回收乙醇,将洗脱液浓缩至相对密度为1.13~1.33后-40~-60℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅰ;
步骤三、丹参用60~80%乙醇在45~65℃下减压回流提取3次,每次1~2h,收集滤液在60~70℃下减压回收乙醇,将滤液浓缩至流浸膏后-40~-60℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅱ;
步骤四、柴胡用70~80%碱性乙醇在75~80℃下减压回流提取3次,每次1~2h,收集滤液在60~70℃下减压回收乙醇至滤液质量等于柴胡生药质量,在4℃冷藏24~48h后取沉淀-40~-60℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅲ;
步骤五、五味子去果肉,取五味子果仁进行常规醇提,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇得到浓缩膏;虎杖、白花蛇舌草和板蓝根进行常规合并醇提,收集提取液减压干燥,粉碎得细粉Ⅳ;
步骤六、将步骤二至步骤五所得细粉Ⅰ、细粉Ⅱ、细粉Ⅲ、细粉Ⅳ、浓缩膏、研细熊胆粉和蛋黄卵磷脂混匀,得到所述药物组合物。
进一步的,步骤四所述碱性乙醇的pH值为9。
本发明提供的药物组合物在治疗肺结节时的服药方法为饭后温水送服,每天3次,每次服用本发明制备的40mg/丸的滴丸制剂60丸,1个月为一疗程。
本发明提供的药物组合物中:
西洋参:又称花旗参,利用西洋参总皂甙其性寒、味苦微甘、常与补气养阴、清火生津、匡扶正气的功效。实验证明西洋参皂甙Rb1能够抑制病毒,保护感染细胞。西洋参皂甙Rb1对急慢性炎症均有显著抑制作用。西洋参皂甙Rb1促进血清白蛋白质合成作用最强,提高机体免疫力。血虚会引起内热,西洋参性寒凉,有滋阴清火功效,能改善因气虚阴亏引起的短气自汗、声音无力等症状,具有补气的功效。另外,西洋参还能改善因虚热烦躁引起的津液不足、咽喉干痛心、烦少寐等症。
丹参:性微寒,归心经,具有清心除烦的功效,能够改善心烦不眠的症状。丹参还可以起到凉血消痈的作用,适用于治疗创伤肿痛。另外,丹参具有活血祛瘀、通经止痛之效。现代药理研究表明,丹参可以扩张冠状动脉,增加冠脉流量,提高耐缺氧能力,对缺血心机有一定保护作用。
柴胡:具有解表退热、疏肝解郁、升举阳气功效。解表退热:柴胡性微寒,味苦,善于解表退热、疏散少阳,可以祛半表半里之邪,可以用于外表感热患者的发热症状。柴胡入肝经,具有疏肝解郁功效。柴胡含有柴胡皂甙,有降低血浆胆固醇、减轻肝损伤、促进胆汁分泌。
五味子:具有收敛固色、益气生津、补肾宁心功效。五味子是华中五味子的成熟果实,有香气,味酸,甘,性温、归肺、心、肾经,具有收敛固涩、益气生津、补肾宁心等功效。收敛固涩:五味子味酸、甘,性温,入肺经,具有收敛固涩、敛肺止咳之功效,常用于久咳虚喘。益气生津:五味子味酸、甘,甘以益气,酸能生津,具有益气生津止渴的功效,常用于改善和缓解气虚津伤、体倦多汗、气短等症状。补肾宁心:五味子入心、肾经,可补肾宁心,常用于心悸、喘咳、肾气不固、遗精、尿频、久泻不止等症。
板蓝根:具有清热解毒、凉血、利咽。板蓝根苦寒,入心、胃经,善、于清解实热火毒,有类似于大青叶的清热解毒之功,而更以解毒利咽散结见长。有清热解毒、凉血消肿之功,主治多种瘟疫热毒之证。板蓝根中含有的抗病毒糖蛋白,可以有效抑菌,有抗病毒的作用。
虎杖:蓼科植物。虎杖的干燥根茎和根,味微苦,性微寒,归肝、胆、肺经。虎杖具有活血祛瘀的作用,可用来治疗经闭、水火烫伤、跌扑损伤等症,用于瘀阻经闭症候。虎杖可清热利湿,常用于关节痹痛及湿热黄疸的治疗。虎杖可清热解毒,用于肺热咳嗽、痰多咳喘可单独服用。
白花蛇舌草:清热解毒、利湿通淋。如心、肝、脾三经,具有清热解毒、利尿消肿、活血止痛的功效。可用于湿热黄疸、肺热咳喘、咽喉肿痛、小便不利、蛇毒咬伤、热淋涩痛的治疗。
熊胆:有清热解毒、息风止痉的作用,可用于治疗热毒导致的疮疡肿毒,肿毒,高热导致的神昏惊厥,惊痫抽搐。熊胆有清肝明目的作用,可用于肝热导致的眼睛红赤。熊胆也可以用于治疗肝经湿热导致的黄疸等。
蛋黄卵磷脂:被誉为与蛋白质、维生素并列的第三营养素。可以提高免疫力,减少脑萎缩。是人体营养的必需物质。人体所需的外援胆碱90%由卵磷脂提供。能调节血脂,降低胆固醇,保护肝脏,提高免疫力,抗脂肪肝。卵磷脂具有乳化和分解油脂的作用,能促进血液循环,改善血脂和清除过氧化物,降低血液中的胆固醇和中性脂肪,减少脂肪在血管内壁的滞留时间,防止动脉粥样硬化的改变。还有软化皮肤,延缓衰老的效果。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供的药物组合物以西洋参为君药,具有补气养阴,清热生津,清心安神,固本延寿之功效,从西洋参中精确提取的西洋参皂甙RbI具有增强机体免疫力功能,对中枢神经系统有镇静催眠等作用。肺结节属于气虚热毒内侵,为有形之邪所致,作为君药的西洋参可以治愈气虚阴亏,内热,咳喘痰血,扶正固本;肺结节属于络病,久病入络,必须活血化瘀通络,本发明药物组合物以丹参为臣药,利用丹参中提取的丹参酮IIa活血化瘀、凉血消肿、养心安神、清肺止咳等功效,加速肺结节的吸收。本药物组合物利用丹参酮IIa和西洋参总皂甙气帅血行,有益行气血之意的功效。利用丹参酮IIa和柴胡总皂甙气行则血行,有行气活血之效。
本发明提供的药物组合物作为佐药选取板蓝根、虎杖和白花蛇舌草的醇提物以及熊胆粉等抗肿瘤、清热解毒等功效,改善因肺热咳喘,咳嗽痰多等症状;选取柴胡、五味子作为使药,具有疏肝解郁,退热消炎,改善睡眠,对于支气管炎,急性气管炎,病毒性肺炎有良好作用。蛋黄卵磷脂活血化瘀,软坚散结,抗组织纤维化,从而达到治疗肺结节、肺癌的目的。
本发明提供的药物组合物围绕治则组方,君臣佐使相配,结合动物实验及临床试验证实,该药物组合物既符合中医药传统理论,体现标本兼治的中药独特之处,又符合现代医药学理论,通过扶正固本、益气养阴、活血化瘀、清热解毒、疏肝理气、化痰消痰、软坚散结、消痛散结治疗肺结节,可以提高人体免疫力,有效控制肺部结节以及肺部恶性肿瘤的生长,对于消除良性结节,改善恶性肺部肿瘤患者生活质量延缓生命有着显著的疗效。
附图说明
图1为给药28d后各组大鼠HE染色照片;
图2为各组肺纤维化大鼠肺脏炎性细胞面积对比图;
图3为给药28d后各组大鼠Masson染色照片;
图4为各组肺纤维化大鼠肺脏纤维化面积对比图;
图5为典型病例一服用本发明药物组合物前临床肺CT部分图片;
图6为典型病例一服用本发明药物组合物一个月后临床肺CT部分图片;
图7为典型病例二服用本发明药物组合物前临床肺CT部分图片;
图8为典型病例二服用本发明药物组合物一个月后临床肺CT部分图片;
图9为典型病例三服用本发明药物组合物前临床肺CT部分图片;
图10为典型病例三服用本发明药物组合物一个月后临床肺CT部分图片;
图11为典型病例四服用本发明药物组合物前临床肺CT部分图片;
图12为典型病例四服用本发明药物组合物一个月后临床肺CT部分图片。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明,但并不局限于此,凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。下列实施例中未具体注明的工艺设备或装置均采用本领域内的常规设备或装置,若未特别指明,本发明实施例中所用的原料等均可市售获得;若未具体指明,本发明实施例中所用的技术手段均为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物及其制备方法。
本实施例中用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物含有如下重量份的组份:西洋参30份、丹参14份、柴胡6份、五味子4份、虎杖2份、板蓝根2份、白花蛇舌草6份、熊胆0.6份和蛋黄卵磷脂0.6份。
本实施例中用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物的制备方法步骤如下:
步骤一、按重量份分别称取药物组合物中各药物组份;
步骤二、30份西洋参用70%乙醇在80℃下提取3次,每次2h,过滤提取液,减压回收乙醇得到流浸膏;所得流浸膏上D101大孔树脂,用60%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液减压回收乙醇,将洗脱液浓缩至相对密度为1.13~1.33后-50℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅰ;
步骤三、14份丹参用70%乙醇在50℃下减压回流3次,每次1.5h,收集滤液在70℃下减压回收乙醇,将滤液浓缩至流浸膏后-50℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅱ;
步骤四、用2%的NaOH调节pH得到pH值为9的碱性乙醇,6份柴胡用70%碱性乙醇在80℃下减压回流3次,每次1.5h,收集滤液在60℃下减压回收乙醇至滤液质量等于柴胡生药质量,在4℃冷藏24h后取沉淀-40℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅲ;
步骤五、4份五味子去果肉,取五味子果仁用70%乙醇在70℃下进行常规醇提,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇得到浓缩膏;2份虎杖、6份白花蛇舌草和2份板蓝根用70%乙醇在70℃下进行常规合并提取,收集提取液减压干燥,粉碎得细粉Ⅳ;
步骤六、将步骤二至步骤五所得细粉Ⅰ、细粉Ⅱ、细粉Ⅲ、细粉Ⅳ、浓缩膏、0.6份研细至150目的熊胆粉和0.6份蛋黄卵磷脂混匀,加入等量的融化聚乙二醇6000,混匀后用滴丸机制成40mg/丸的滴丸制剂。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物及其制备方法。
本实施例中用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物含有如下重量份的组份:西洋参10份、丹参34份、柴胡26份、五味子24份、虎杖12份、板蓝根10份、白花蛇舌草16份、熊胆1.4份和蛋黄卵磷脂1.4份。
本实施例中用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物的制备方法步骤如下:
步骤一、按重量份分别称取药物组合物中各药物组份;
步骤二、10份西洋参用85%乙醇在70℃下提取3次,每次1h,过滤提取液,减压回收乙醇得到流浸膏;所得流浸膏上D101大孔树脂,用60%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液减压回收乙醇,将洗脱液浓缩至相对密度为1.13~1.33后-50℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅰ;
步骤三、34份丹参用70%乙醇在60℃下减压回流3次,每次1.5h,收集滤液在70℃下减压回收乙醇,将滤液浓缩至流浸膏后-50℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅱ;
步骤四、用2%的NaOH调节pH得到pH值为9的碱性乙醇,26份柴胡用70%碱性乙醇在80℃下减压回流3次,每次1h,收集滤液在50℃下减压回收乙醇至滤液质量等于柴胡生药质量,在4℃冷藏24h后取沉淀-40℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅲ;
步骤五、24份五味子去果肉,取五味子果仁用70%乙醇在70℃下进行常规醇提,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇得到浓缩膏;12份虎杖、16份白花蛇舌草和10份板蓝根用70%乙醇在70℃下进行常规合并提取,收集提取液减压干燥,粉碎得细粉Ⅳ;
步骤六、将步骤二至步骤五所得细粉Ⅰ、细粉Ⅱ、细粉Ⅲ、细粉Ⅳ、浓缩膏、1.4份研细至150目的熊胆粉和1.4份蛋黄卵磷脂混匀,加入等量的融化聚乙二醇6000,混匀后用滴丸机制成40mg/丸的滴丸制剂。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物及其制备方法。
本实施例中用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物含有如下重量份的组份:西洋参13份、丹参16份、柴胡10份、五味子10份、虎杖6份、板蓝根8份、白花蛇舌草10份、熊胆1.0份和蛋黄卵磷脂1.0份。
本实施例中用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物的制备方法步骤如下:
步骤一、按重量份分别称取药物组合物中各药物组份;
步骤二、13份西洋参用70%乙醇在70℃下提取3次,每次2h,过滤提取液,减压回收乙醇得到流浸膏;所得流浸膏上D101大孔树脂,用60%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液减压回收乙醇,将洗脱液浓缩至相对密度为1.13~1.33后-50℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅰ;
步骤三、16份丹参用70%乙醇在50℃下减压回流3次,每次1.5h,收集滤液在70℃下减压回收乙醇,将滤液浓缩至流浸膏后-50℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅱ;
步骤四、用2%的NaOH调节pH得到pH值为9的碱性乙醇,10份柴胡用70%碱性乙醇在80℃下减压回流3次,每次1.5h,收集滤液在60℃下减压回收乙醇至滤液质量等于柴胡生药质量,在4℃冷藏24h后取沉淀-40℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅲ;
步骤五、10份五味子去果肉,取五味子果仁用70%乙醇在70℃下进行常规醇提,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇得到浓缩膏;6份虎杖、10份白花蛇舌草和8份板蓝根用70%乙醇在70℃下进行常规合并提取,收集提取液减压干燥,粉碎得细粉Ⅳ;
步骤六、将步骤二至步骤五所得细粉Ⅰ、细粉Ⅱ、细粉Ⅲ、细粉Ⅳ、浓缩膏、1.0份研细至150目的熊胆粉和1.0份蛋黄卵磷脂混匀,加入等量的融化聚乙二醇6000,混匀后用滴丸机制成40mg/丸的滴丸制剂。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物及其制备方法。
本实施例中用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物含有如下重量份的组份:西洋参15份、丹参15份、柴胡6份、五味子17份、虎杖8份、板蓝根5份、白花蛇舌草13份、熊胆0.9份和蛋黄卵磷脂1.0份。
本实施例中用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物的制备方法步骤如下:
步骤一、按重量份分别称取药物组合物中各药物组份;
步骤二、15份西洋参用70%乙醇在70℃下提取3次,每次2h,过滤提取液,减压回收乙醇得到流浸膏;所得流浸膏上D101大孔树脂,用60%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液减压回收乙醇,将洗脱液浓缩至相对密度为1.13~1.33后-50℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅰ;
步骤三、15份丹参用70%乙醇在50℃下减压回流3次,每次1.5h,收集滤液在70℃下减压回收乙醇,将滤液浓缩至流浸膏后-50℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅱ;
步骤四、用2%的NaOH调节pH得到pH值为9的碱性乙醇,6份柴胡用70%碱性乙醇在80℃下减压回流3次,每次1.5h,收集滤液在60℃下减压回收乙醇至滤液质量等于柴胡生药质量,在4℃冷藏24h后取沉淀-40℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅲ;
步骤五、17份五味子去果肉,取五味子果仁用70%乙醇在70℃下进行常规醇提,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇得到浓缩膏;8份虎杖、13份白花蛇舌草和5份板蓝根用70%乙醇在70℃下进行常规合并提取,收集提取液减压干燥,粉碎得细粉Ⅳ;
步骤六、将步骤二至步骤五所得细粉Ⅰ、细粉Ⅱ、细粉Ⅲ、细粉Ⅳ、浓缩膏、0.9份研细至150目的熊胆粉和1.0份蛋黄卵磷脂混匀,加入等量的融化聚乙二醇6000,混匀后用滴丸机制成40mg/丸的滴丸制剂。
实施例5
本实施例提供了一种用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物及其制备方法。
本实施例中用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物含有如下重量份的组份:西洋参17份、丹参34份、柴胡26份、五味子23份、虎杖8份、板蓝根5份、白花蛇舌草13份、熊胆1.4份和蛋黄卵磷脂1.0份。
本实施例中用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物的制备方法步骤如下:
步骤一、按重量份分别称取药物组合物中各药物组份;
步骤二、17份西洋参用70%乙醇在70℃下提取3次,每次2h,过滤提取液,减压回收乙醇得到流浸膏;所得流浸膏上D101大孔树脂,用60%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液减压回收乙醇,将洗脱液浓缩至相对密度为1.13~1.33后-50℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅰ;
步骤三、34份丹参用70%乙醇在50℃下减压回流3次,每次1.5h,收集滤液在70℃下减压回收乙醇,将滤液浓缩至流浸膏后-50℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅱ;
步骤四、用2%的NaOH调节pH得到pH值为9的碱性乙醇,26份柴胡用70%碱性乙醇在80℃下减压回流3次,每次1.5h,收集滤液在60℃下减压回收乙醇至滤液质量等于柴胡生药质量,在4℃冷藏24h后取沉淀-40℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅲ;
步骤五、23份五味子去果肉,取五味子果仁用70%乙醇在70℃下进行常规醇提,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇得到浓缩膏;8份虎杖、13份白花蛇舌草和5份板蓝根用70%乙醇在70℃下进行常规合并提取,收集提取液减压干燥,粉碎得细粉Ⅳ;
步骤六、将步骤二至步骤五所得细粉Ⅰ、细粉Ⅱ、细粉Ⅲ、细粉Ⅳ、浓缩膏、1.4份研细至150目的熊胆粉和1.0份蛋黄卵磷脂混匀,加入等量的融化聚乙二醇6000,混匀后用滴丸机制成40mg/丸的滴丸制剂。
实施例6
本实施例提供了一种用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物及其制备方法。
本实施例中用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物含有如下重量份的组份:西洋参19份、丹参23份、柴胡15份、五味子18份、虎杖5份、板蓝根5份、白花蛇舌草10份、熊胆1.1份和蛋黄卵磷脂0.9份。
本实施例中用于治疗肺结节的药物组合物的制备方法步骤如下:
步骤一、按重量份分别称取药物组合物中各药物组份;
步骤二、19份西洋参用70%乙醇在70℃下提取3次,每次2h,过滤提取液,减压回收乙醇得到流浸膏;所得流浸膏上D101大孔树脂,用60%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液减压回收乙醇,将洗脱液浓缩至相对密度为1.13~1.33后-50℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅰ;
步骤三、23份丹参用70%乙醇在50℃下减压回流3次,每次1.5h,收集滤液在70℃下减压回收乙醇,将滤液浓缩至流浸膏后-50℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅱ;
步骤四、用2%的NaOH调节pH得到pH值为9的碱性乙醇,15份柴胡用70%碱性乙醇在80℃下减压回流3次,每次1.5h,收集滤液在60℃下减压回收乙醇至滤液质量等于柴胡生药质量,在4℃冷藏24h后取沉淀-40℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅲ;
步骤五、18份五味子去果肉,取五味子果仁用70%乙醇在70℃下进行常规醇提,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇得到浓缩膏;5份虎杖、10份白花蛇舌草和5份板蓝根用70%乙醇在70℃下进行常规合并提取,收集提取液减压干燥,粉碎得细粉Ⅳ;
步骤六、将步骤二至步骤五所得细粉Ⅰ、细粉Ⅱ、细粉Ⅲ、细粉Ⅳ、浓缩膏、1.1份研细至150目的熊胆粉和0.9份蛋黄卵磷脂混匀,加入等量的融化聚乙二醇6000,混匀后用滴丸机制成40mg/丸的滴丸制剂。
实施例7
药理学动物实验——抗肺组织炎性实验
(1)实验动物分组:
SPF级雄性SD大鼠,9周龄,体重(200±20)g,48只(购自北京斯贝福生物技术有限公司),随机分为正常组(健康组)、模型组、醋酸泼尼松组、中药组合物低剂量组(生药6g/kg)、中药组合物中剂量组(生药9g/kg)、中药组合物高剂量组(生药12g/kg),每组8只。各组灌胃给药相应药物5ml/kg,对照组和模型组灌胃等体积的生理盐水。
本实施例所用中药组合物是按照实施例1提供的药物组合物组份配比和制备方法制备所得。
(2)实验动物造模及试验药物配制:
每组8只,先适应性喂养1周后,逐一称重,按5ml/kg剂量腹腔注射20%乌拉坦,待大鼠麻醉后,用1ml注射器,模型组按5mg/kg剂量一次性缓慢注入博莱霉素溶液,对照组用同法注入等量的0.9%氯化钠注射液。
取适量醋酸泼尼松片及中药组合物,碾碎成细粉,精密称重。以配制好的0.5%CMC-Na水溶液为溶媒,配制浓度为①3mg/5ml的醋酸泼尼松组试验药物;②生药计6g/5ml的中药组合物低剂量组试验药物;③生药计9g/5ml的中药组合物中剂量组试验药物;④生药计12g/5ml的中药组合物高剂量组试验药物。
(3)实验动物给药:
大鼠造模完成后的第三天,各组分别予以不同药物灌胃进行干预治疗,各组均每天给药一次,各组均每次给药5ml/kg,连续给药28天。
A组:正常组:给予生理盐水灌胃;
B组:模型组:给予生理盐水灌胃;
C组:醋酸泼尼松组:3mg/kg的剂量给予醋酸泼尼松混悬液灌胃;
D组:中药组合物低剂量组:以生药计6g/kg的剂量给予中药组合物混悬液灌胃;
E组:中药组合物中剂量组:以生药计9g/kg的剂量给予中药组合物混悬液灌胃;
F组:中药组合物高剂量组:以生药计12g/kg的剂量给予中药组合物混悬液灌胃。
所有药物均用0.5%CMC-Na配制成混悬液。
(4)肺组织细胞因子水平的测定:
肺结节属免疫性疾病,活跃的细胞免疫反应是结节病的发病机制。目前认为,肺泡巨噬细胞、T辅助细胞、细胞因子网形成炎症反应过程。有研究发现结节病患者的肺泡灌洗液中发现大量的Th1样细胞因子,如IL-2,TNF-α和INF-γ过表达,表明该病中过度的免疫应答,T淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的相互作用造成了肉芽肿的形成。
细胞因子网络表达在肺病的发生和修复过程中具有重要作用。其中,细胞因子TGF-β1为一种重要的炎性细胞因子,是公认的最重要的组织纤维化的调控因子和启动枢纽;TNF-α是一种诱导炎症反应的细胞因子,对多种炎症细胞有趋化作用,并诱导细胞因子的产生,激活和促进其他炎性因子合成及分泌,与肉芽肿和纤维化形成密切相关,是反映机体炎症与组织损伤严重程度的重要而敏感的指标。肺结节是一个漫长的过程,包括了肺组织反复的损伤和修复,其中IL-10和IFN-γ在肺组织修复过程中发挥了重要作用。IL-10是一种免疫抑制因子,几乎抑制所有促炎因子的合成和释放,增强抗炎因子的产生,进而下调炎症反应,具有较强的抗炎作用。IFN-γ是特征性的Th1型细胞因子,在炎症调节中具有抗增殖、免疫抑制等作用。
综上,选择TGF-β1、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10、和IFN-γ细胞因子作为炎症相关指标,考察其肺组织中的水平。
给药28天后处死大鼠,取出肺组织,水洗,滤纸吸干,称定重量,左侧肺叶固定于4%多聚甲醛,备用。右侧肺按照质量(g):体积(ml)=1:9的比例加入生理盐水,置于冰上进行组织匀浆,低温离心机4℃下12000r/min离心20分钟,提取上清液,检测肺组织中TGF-β1、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10、和IFN-γ含量,根据ELISA试剂盒说明书操作,酶标仪测定波长450nm处吸光度值,通过标准曲线计算各细胞因子的浓度,结果如表1所示。
表1各组大鼠肺组织细胞因子检测结果(ng/g)
由表1中数据对比可以看出,模型组大鼠肺组织TGF-β1、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10和IFN-γ水平显著高于正常组,药物干预后,各组间大鼠肺组织中TGF-β1、TNF-α、IL-1β水平较模型组均出现不同程度的降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);各组间大鼠肺组织中IL-10和IFN-γ水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。进一步两两比较,模型组大鼠肺组织IL-10和IFN-γ水平高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。醋酸泼尼松组大鼠肺组织IL-10和IFN-γ水平与模型组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。中药组合物干预后,中药组合物高、中、低剂量组大鼠肺组织中IL-10和IFN-γ水平均出现不同程度的升高,与模型组差异均有统计学意义(P<005或0.01),且随着中药组合物给药剂量增加,IL-10和IFN-γ水平也升高。模型组大鼠注射博来霉素后,肺组织IL-10和IFN-γ水平均出现明显的升高,可能是注射博来霉素后肺组织受到损伤出现代偿性升高,进而抑制炎症反应;给予中药组合物干预后,三组的IL-10和IFN-γ水平较模型组均出现不同程度的升高,提示中药组合物可通过升高IL-10和IFN-γ水平发挥抗炎作用。
(5)肺组织病理变化
1、HE染色观察肺脏病理学变化:
各组大鼠左侧部分肺组织制成石蜡切片,将脱蜡水化的切片进行苏木精染色,盐酸水溶液分化,氨水水溶液返蓝,伊红染色,脱水,封片,观察肺脏炎性细胞浸润,肺泡腔内有无渗出物,有无充血水肿改变等。并采用ImageJ软件对炎性细胞的蓝色阳性染色进行相对定量分析,通过计算炎性细胞阳性面积和阳性区域进行定量。
2、Masson染色观察肺脏胶原沉积程度
Masson染色按照试剂盒依次操作,左侧肺组织切片脱水,封片,观察肺泡结构及纤维结节,胶原沉积情况。并采用ImageJ软件对胶原纤维的蓝色阳性染色进行相对定量分析,通过计算胶原纤维阳性面积和阳性区域进行定量。
图1为给药28d后各组大鼠HE染色照片,图2为各组肺纤维化大鼠肺脏炎性细胞面积对比图;图3为给药28d后各组大鼠Masson染色照片,图4为各组肺纤维化大鼠肺脏纤维化面积对比图。由图片显示可以看出,正常组大鼠肺泡结构清晰,无充血水肿结节现象;模型组大鼠肺泡间隔增宽,肺泡腔内充满分泌物及渗出物且大量炎性浸润,炎症相对面积显著增高,肺脏纤维化相对面积显著增高。与模型组比较,醋酸泼尼松组大鼠肺组织水肿、充血不明显,肺脏损伤较为明显和炎性改变减轻,肺泡腔见少量纤维组织及炎性浸润,其炎症及纤维化相对面积均显著下降(P<0.01)。中药组合物高剂量组大鼠肺泡结构较完整,肺泡腔内少量渗出物,纤维增生不严重,可见少量炎性浸润及纤维结节出现,其炎症及纤维化相对面积均显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01)。中药组合物低剂量组、中药组合物中剂量组治疗后,肺泡结构基本完整,但肺泡腔内仍较多炎性浸润,纤维结节较多,与模型组相比,其炎症和纤维化相对面积均有下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
实施例8
本实施例为肺结节临床病例应用实施例,所用中药组合物是按照实施例1提供的药物组合物组份配比和制备方法制备所得滴丸制剂。
一、入组服用本药物组合物的病例选择
1.入组服用本药物组合物患者诊断标准
1.1应用中医理论,根据肺结节中医理论形成机理,肺结节属于有行之邪,属于气虚热毒内侵,痰结阻络和气滞血瘀,脾肺气虚等症,患者主要临床表现为:咳嗽咳痰,气短而喘,神疲乏力,食欲不振,舌淡舌苔白滑,脉沉细,根据这些中医症状选取符合本药物组合物治疗适应症的病例,作为入主患者,进行服药后的疗效评价。
1.2根据《中国肺结节分类,诊断与治疗指南(2020年版)》,参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则(2002年版)》,依据三级甲等医院患者肺部CT扫描报告,确定肺结节尺寸和规则形状,根据患者肺结节CT影像学显示,确定肺结节为单发还是多发,是实性肺结节还是纯磨玻璃以及混合型结。选择符合服用该药物组合物的患者,作为入主病例,进行服药后的疗效评价。
2.根据上述标准选取入主患者人群
2.1符合中西医诊断标准的肺结节患者
2.2年龄符合20-70周岁,男女不限
2.3CT影像学确诊的肺结节患者分类
2.3.1肺部磨玻璃结节(pGGN)
pGGN:≦0.5cmpGGN﹤0.5cm≧1.0cmpGGN﹥1.0cm
2.3.2混杂性磨玻璃密度结节(mGGN)
mGGN≦0.8cmmGGN﹥0.8cm
2.3.3肺部实性结节
实性结节≦0.4cm实性结节﹤0.4cm≧0.8cm实质性结节﹥1.0cm
根据肺结节形态尺寸进行分类统计,服药方式方法相同,剂量可以微量调整。确定服用后效果统计评估。
二、不适用本药物组合物临床服用的排除标准
1.不符合本药物组合物制剂的中医辨证和诊断标准患者
2.合并有明显心血管肝肾和一些系统严重原发性疾病患者
3.精神病患者
4.过敏体质或者对多种药物过敏的患者
5.病情危重,对本药物组合物的有效性和安全性无法做出确切评价的患者
6.哺乳妊娠妇女
三、安全性评估
患者服用本药物组合物前后做以下检查:
1.一般体检项目
2.血尿便常规化验
3.心脏肝肾功能检查
4.患者中医症候的指症改变情况等
四、服用本药物组合物疗效判定标准
1.治愈,临床中医诊断病症消失,CT复查诊断肺结节消失。
2.显效,临床中医诊断病症消除,CT复查诊断肺结节缩小,磨玻璃或毛刺消失。
3.有效,临床中医诊断病症减轻或消除,CT复查诊断肺结节无增大增多,磨玻璃或毛刺无增大。
4.无效,按期服用改本药物组合物后,临床中医诊断病症无改善,CT复查诊断肺结节继续增大增多,磨玻璃或毛刺无改变或者继续增大。
五、本药物组合物服用方法及注意事项
1.饭后温水送服,每天3次,每次60丸,1个月为一疗程。
2.服用本药物组合物期间,严禁服用同类其他药物。
3.忌食用辛辣香燥食物,禁烟酒。
4.服用期间有不良反应,立刻停止服用。
六、临床疗效统计
1.服用本药物组合物共观察80例,其中男性30例,女性50例。年龄18-30岁患者20例,31-50岁患者35例,51-70岁患者25。80例患者在服药前后都经过三级甲等医院的肺部CT检查:
其中确诊肺部实性结节患者30例,pGGN≦0.5cm患者30例,0.5cm<pGGN≤1.0cm的患者6例,pGGN﹥1.0cm患者2例,mGGN≦0.8cm患者6例,mGGN﹥0.8cm患者6例。
2.服用本药物组合物治疗80例CT显示各种形态肺结节患者,观察一个疗程(一个月)治愈39例(49%),显效例22(28%)有效例11(13%)。治疗结束后(服用1个月)80例患者总有效率为90%,临床服用本药物组合物观察项目统计如表2所示。
表2
如表2所示,该药物组合物配方之一的疗效结果,剂量参照动物实验结果,采用最大剂量服用量,结果证实该药物组合物对治疗肺结节的真实有效性。
本领域技术人员应该理解,以上实施实例仅仅是示例性实施,根据患者不同症状,对药物组合物的用量可在本发明范围内任意选择,在不违背本申请的精神和技术范围内,可以进行多种变化替换和改变,其方法和用途均在本申请保护之内。
本药物组合物在患者服用期间,未出现和显示毒副作用,以及不良反应。
典型病例一
患者张**,女,左肺见条索状及斑片状高密度影,边缘清晰,病灶内可见钙化。左肺下叶纤维索条影。左肺上叶(IM29)见单发实性结节影,大小约3mmx3mm.双肺纹理增强,双肺无明显实变,气管通畅。纵隔内未见明显肿大淋巴结。左侧胸膜增厚并钙化。病例服用一个月实施例2提供的药物组合物,临床肺CT图片对比显示,肺部结节消失。
典型病例二
患者刘**,患者偶有咳痰,医院体检确诊,双肺多发结节,最大结位于右肺下叶外基底端,为磨玻璃结节,大小约为4mm×3mm.气管通畅,纵隔内未见明显肿大淋巴结。病例服用一个月实施例3提供的药物组合物,临床诊断结果,CT影像诊断,双侧胸廓对称,纵膈心影气管居中,边界清晰,气管及支气管未见异常,纵膈未见明显肿大淋巴结。经比对显示服药前的结节影像消失。
典型病例三
患者吴**,男,50岁,2022年8月患者反复咳痰2个月有余,中医症见:咳嗽,痰多,神疲乏力,脉沉细,到当地洒家医院就诊,胸部CT检查显示:双肺微小结节及小结节,左肺上叶,左肺下叶,右肺中叶,右肺上叶,右肺下叶见多发磨玻璃结节影;长泾范围约4-8mm,较大者大小约为8mm×4mm,位于左肺上叶下舌段。左肺上叶,左肺下叶,右肺上叶,右肺中叶,右肺下叶见多发实性结节影,长泾范围约3-5mm,较大者大小约为5mm×4mm,位于右肺中叶外侧段。纵膈未见明显肿大。患者坚持服用一个月实施例4提供的药物组合物,临床肺CT图片对比显示,咳嗽痰多等不良症状消失,CT影像诊断,双侧胸廓对称,纵膈心影气管居中,边界清晰,双肺纹理清晰,气管及支气管未见异常,纵膈未见明显肿大淋巴结。经比对显示服药前的结节影像消失。
典型病例四
患者王**,女,48岁,患者正常体检发现,自身没有特别症状。CT检查结果显示,胸廓对称,气管纵膈居中,纵膈未见肿大淋巴结影,右肺上叶(IM12)可见磨玻璃结节影,长约7mm,边界清晰,各叶段支气管通畅,双侧胸腔未见异常。患者坚持服用一个月实施例3提供的药物组合物后复查,CT检查结果显示,胸廓对称,气管纵膈居中,纵膈未见肿大淋巴结影,右肺上叶磨玻璃结节影消失。
Claims (5)
1.一种药物组合物在制备治疗肺结节的药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述药物组合物包括如下重量份的组份:西洋参10~30份、丹参14~34份、柴胡6~26份、五味子4~24份、虎杖2~12份、板蓝根2~10份、白花蛇舌草6~16份、熊胆0.6~1.4份和蛋黄卵磷脂0.6~1.4份;
所述药物组合物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一、按重量份分别称取药物组合物中各组份;
步骤二、西洋参用65~85%乙醇在60~80℃下提取3次,每次1~2h,过滤提取液,减压回收乙醇得到流浸膏;所得流浸膏上D101大孔树脂,用40~60%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液减压回收乙醇,将洗脱液浓缩至相对密度为1.13~1.33后-40~-60℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅰ;
步骤三、丹参用60~80%乙醇在45~65℃下减压回流提取3次,每次1~2h,收集滤液在60~70℃下减压回收乙醇,将滤液浓缩至流浸膏后-40~-60℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅱ;
步骤四、柴胡用70~80%碱性乙醇在75~80℃下减压回流提取3次,每次1~2h,收集滤液在60~70℃下减压回收乙醇至滤液质量等于柴胡生药质量,在4℃冷藏24~48h后取沉淀-40~-60℃冻干,粉碎得细粉Ⅲ;所述碱性乙醇的pH值为9;
步骤五、五味子去果肉,取五味子果仁进行常规醇提,收集提取液,减压回收乙醇得到浓缩膏;虎杖、白花蛇舌草和板蓝根进行常规合并醇提,收集提取液减压干燥,粉碎得细粉Ⅳ;
步骤六、将步骤二至步骤五所得细粉Ⅰ、细粉Ⅱ、细粉Ⅲ、细粉Ⅳ、浓缩膏、研细熊胆粉和蛋黄卵磷脂混匀,得到所述药物组合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种药物组合物在制备治疗肺结节的药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述药物组合物包括如下重量份的组份:西洋参15~25份、丹参19~29份、柴胡11~21份、五味子9~19份、虎杖6~8份、板蓝根4~8份、白花蛇舌草9~15份、熊胆0.8~1.2份和蛋黄卵磷脂0.8~1.2份。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种药物组合物在制备治疗肺结节的药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述药物组合物包括如下重量份的组份:西洋参17~25份、丹参19~28份、柴胡11~14份、五味子10~19份、虎杖6~8份、板蓝根4~8份、白花蛇舌草10~14份、熊胆0.8~1.2份和蛋黄卵磷脂0.8~1.2份。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种药物组合物在制备治疗肺结节的药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述药物组合物包括如下重量份的组份:西洋参15~20份、丹参19~27份、柴胡11~13份、五味子9~19份、虎杖6~8份、板蓝根4~6份、白花蛇舌草13~14份、熊胆1.0~1.2份和蛋黄卵磷脂0.8~1.2份。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述一种药物组合物在制备治疗肺结节的药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述治疗肺结节的药物的剂型为片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、滴丸剂、丸剂、缓释制剂或冻干粉制剂。
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