CN113855778B - 一种治疗脾肾阳衰顽痰痼血型食管癌的中药 - Google Patents
一种治疗脾肾阳衰顽痰痼血型食管癌的中药 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及治疗脾肾阳衰顽痰痼血型食管癌的中药,可有效解决脾肾阳衰顽痰痼血型食管癌的用药问题,其解决的技术方案是,该中药是由以下重量计的原料药物制成:制附子6‑12g、肉桂3‑7g、党参10‑20g、熟地10‑20g、姜半夏8‑16g、丁香1‑4g、生姜6‑12g、急性子3‑7g、山豆根3‑7g、水蛭1‑4g和制南星6‑12g,本发明配伍科学合理,原料丰富,服用方便,效果好,共奏温阳益气,化痰逐瘀,散结通噎之效,有效用于治疗食管癌晚期脾肾阳衰,顽痰痼血型的患者,是治疗食管癌药物的创新。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,特别是一种治疗脾肾阳衰顽痰痼血型食管癌的中药(附桂管食通 颗粒)。
背景技术
食管癌(esophage cancer,EC)是一种起源于食管鳞状上皮和柱状上皮的常见恶性肿瘤,早 期食管癌的症状一般不明显,常表现为反复出现的吞咽食物时有异物感或哽咽感,或胸骨后 疼痛。一旦上述症状持续出现或吞咽食物有明显的吞咽哽咽感时提示食管癌已为晚期,此时 吞咽困难进行性加重,直至水和唾液也不能咽下,并伴吐黏液样痰,有时伴胸骨后不适和疼 痛,形体极度消瘦,四肢不温,形寒怕冷,精神疲惫,但欲寐,面色恍白或萎黄,大小便少, 舌质淡暗,舌体胖大,脉沉细无力,长此以往严重影响患者生活质量。
外科手术治疗是食管癌的主要根治性手段之一,早期患者外科手术治疗可以达到根治的 目的,中晚期患者可进行化疗、靶向治疗、免疫治疗等全身系统性治疗,同时可进行局部姑 息手术切除、局部放疗、食管狭窄支架置入术等暂时改善吞咽困难症状;但由此引起的并发 症及不良反应,损伤机体免疫功能,使治疗难以继续,甚至病情加重,最终不能耐受化疗等 系统性治疗,严重影响患者生活质量和预后。
食管癌属于中医“噎膈”的范畴。噎者,梗塞不通者也;膈者,食不下咽,格拒者也。究其病因,历代医家有详细论述,如《景岳全书·噎膈》记载:“噎膈一证,必以忧愁思虑, 积劳积郁,或酒色过度,损伤而成。”《太平圣惠方》曰:“寒温失宜,食饮乖度,或恚怒气逆, 思虑伤心致使阴阳不和,胸膈痞塞,故名膈气也。”指出噎膈病因以情志不畅、酒食所伤、年 老体衰、正气虚损等为主,病机涉及“痰凝、气郁、热结、血瘀、正虚”等多方面,由于气 结痰凝,血瘀热结,耗津伤阴,致津枯血燥,食道干涩,狭窄不利,梗塞不畅,初病以气、 瘀、痰-标实为主,久病晚期多出现脾肾阳衰,顽痰痼血型和肝肾阴虚,顽痰痼血型两型,以 脾肾阳衰,顽痰痼血型的患者多见。中医药对此治疗优势显著,可以明显减轻中医辩证为脾 肾阳衰,顽痰痼血型患者的病痛、提高生存质量、延长生存期,但目前治疗这一型食管癌的 中医药研究及制剂属于空白,因此急需研究开发针对脾肾阳衰、顽痰痼血型晚期食管癌患者 的中药颗粒。
发明内容
针对上述情况,为解决现有技术之缺陷,本发明之目的就是提供一种治疗脾肾阳衰顽痰 痼血型食管癌的中药,可有效解决脾肾阳衰顽痰痼血型食管癌的用药问题。
本发明解决的技术方案是,该中药是由以下重量计的原料药物制成:制附子6-12g、肉桂 3-7g、党参10-20g、熟地10-20g、姜半夏8-16g、丁香1-4g、生姜6-12g、急性子3-7g、山豆 根3-7g、水蛭1-4g和制南星6-12g,其中,将制附子、肉桂、急性子、熟地、山豆根、水蛭、 制南星粉碎加5倍的体积浓度为70%的乙醇渗漉,在50℃条件下,减压浓缩制备相对密度为 1.2的浸膏,将上述步骤所得7味药材的药渣与党参、姜半夏、丁香、生姜4味药材合并加5 倍量的水煎煮2次,每次2小时,合并2次所得煎液,在50℃条件下,减压浓缩制备相对密度为1.2的浸膏,干燥,粉碎成药粉,加入辅料,药粉与辅料配比为1:2,辅料组成为糊精- 糖粉=1:1,以体积浓度为80%的乙醇为润湿剂,均匀制成软材,过20目筛制粒,60℃进行干燥,14目筛过筛制粒,分装,即得颗粒剂。
本发明配伍科学合理,原料丰富,服用方便,效果好,共奏温阳益气,化痰逐瘀,散结 通噎之效,有效用于治疗食管癌晚期脾肾阳衰,顽痰痼血型的患者,是治疗食管癌药物的创 新。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
本发明在具体实施时,可由以下重量计的原料药物制成:制附子7g、肉桂4g、党参11g、 熟地11g、姜半夏9g、丁香2g、生姜7g、急性子4g、山豆根4g、水蛭2g和制南星7g,其 中,将制附子、肉桂、急性子、熟地、山豆根、水蛭、制南星粉碎加5倍的体积浓度为70% 的乙醇渗漉,在50℃条件下,减压浓缩制备相对密度为1.2的浸膏,将上述步骤所得7味药 材的药渣与党参、姜半夏、丁香、生姜4味药材合并加5倍量的水煎煮2次,每次2小时, 合并2次所得煎液,在50℃条件下,减压浓缩制备相对密度为1.2的浸膏,干燥,粉碎成药 粉,加入辅料,药粉与辅料配比为1:2,辅料组成为糊精-糖粉=1:1,以体积浓度为80%的乙 醇为润湿剂,均匀制成软材,过20目筛制粒,60℃进行干燥,14目筛过筛制粒,分装,即 得颗粒剂。
实施例2
本发明在具体实施时,还可由以下重量计的原料药物制成:制附子9g、肉桂5g、党参 15g、熟地15g、姜半夏12g、丁香3g、生姜9g、急性子5g、山豆根5g、水蛭3g和制南星9g,其中,将制附子、肉桂、急性子、熟地、山豆根、水蛭、制南星粉碎加5倍的体积浓度 为70%的乙醇渗漉,在50℃条件下,减压浓缩制备相对密度为1.2的浸膏,将上述步骤所得 7味药材的药渣与党参、姜半夏、丁香、生姜4味药材合并加5倍量的水煎煮2次,每次2 小时,合并2次所得煎液,在50℃条件下,减压浓缩制备相对密度为1.2的浸膏,干燥,粉 碎成药粉,加入辅料,药粉与辅料配比为1:2,辅料组成为糊精-糖粉=1:1,以体积浓度为80% 的乙醇为润湿剂,均匀制成软材,过20目筛制粒,60℃进行干燥,14目筛过筛制粒,分装, 即得颗粒剂。
实施例3
本发明在具体实施时,还可由以下重量计的原料药物制成:制附子11g、肉桂6g、党参 19g、熟地19g、姜半夏15g、丁香3g、生姜11g、急性子6g、山豆根6g、水蛭3g和制南星 11g,其中,将制附子、肉桂、急性子、熟地、山豆根、水蛭、制南星粉碎加5倍的体积浓度 为70%的乙醇渗漉,在50℃条件下,减压浓缩制备相对密度为1.2的浸膏,将上述步骤所得 7味药材的药渣与党参、姜半夏、丁香、生姜4味药材合并加5倍量的水煎煮2次,每次2 小时,合并2次所得煎液,在50℃条件下,减压浓缩制备相对密度为1.2的浸膏,干燥,粉 碎成药粉,加入辅料,药粉与辅料配比为1:2,辅料组成为糊精-糖粉=1:1,以体积浓度为80% 的乙醇为润湿剂,均匀制成软材,过20目筛制粒,60℃进行干燥,14目筛过筛制粒,分装, 即得颗粒剂。
本发明针对食管癌证属“脾肾阳衰,顽痰痼血”者,以温阳益气,化痰逐瘀,散结通噎 为治则,附子,味辛、甘,大热,能上助心阳、中温脾阳、下补肾阳,为“回阳救逆第 一品药”。《本草正义》:“附子,本是辛温大热,其性善走,故为通十二经纯阳之要药, 外则达皮毛而除表寒,里则达下元而温痼冷,彻内彻外,凡三焦经络,诸脏诸腑,果 有真寒,无不可治。”附子生品有毒,多外用,经加工炮制后,制附子毒性降低,确保了用 药的安全和有效,便于内服。本发明用于晚期食管癌患者,进食哽噎,甚者食入即吐, 呕吐大量痰涎,致阴液亏耗,久之阴损及阳,形体极度消瘦,四肢不温,形寒怕冷,面色 恍白或萎黄,大小便少,舌质淡暗,舌体胖大,脉沉细无力为阳气虚衰之证,需用附子大热 之品,温补脾肾,回阳救逆。《药性集要》曰:党参“能补脾肺,益气生津”;《本草正义》记 载:党参“力能补脾养胃,润肺生津,健运中气……健脾运而不燥,滋胃阴而不滞,润肺而 不犯寒凉,养血而不偏滋腻”。党参,甘、平,归脾、肺经,具有补脾益气,养血生津的功 效,是中医常用的补益药,为补气良药;且其药性平和,不燥不湿,不寒不热,为平补之 剂,故选用本品,用于治疗食管癌患者进食哽噎不顺,纳差,食少,脾胃虚弱,以补 气固本。《本草纲目》:熟地“填骨髓,长肌肉,生精血,补五脏内伤不足,通血脉,利耳目,黑须发, 男子五劳七伤,女子伤中胞漏,经候不调,胎产百病”;《雷公炮制药性解》李中梓记录:熟地“味 甘苦,性温,无毒,入心、肝、肾三经。活血气,封填骨髓,滋肾水,补益真阴。熟地黄为 补血之剂,而心与肝,藏血生血者也,故能入焉。”熟地,为补血滋阴之品,乃补阴要药,陈 士铎《辨证录》盛赞熟地为“洵夺命之神品,延龄之妙味也”,几无不可用之时,最常使用熟 地治疗血证、燥症等阴血、阴液病变,如临床上常用熟地配伍当归、川芎、白芍组成补血常 用方-四物汤,养血补虚,治疗血虚诸症。因此对于食管癌形体极度消瘦、面色恍白或萎黄, 病久致阴血亏虚,选用熟地滋肾补血为宜。《本草经疏》:“其主心腹寒热冷疾、霍乱转筋、腰 痛、堕胎、温中、坚筋骨、通血脉……秋冬下部腹痛因于寒、补命门、益火消阴者,肉桂之 所治也”;《本草汇言》:“肉桂,治沉寒痼冷之药也。”肉桂,辛、甘,大热,归肾、脾、心、 肝经,能补火助阳,散寒止痛,温通经脉,引火归元。人体一身之气根源于肾脏元气,阳气 源于肾阳,食管癌患者阳气亏虚日久及肾,肉桂温肾化气;附子、肉桂均为温里药、入肾经, 两者相须为用,增强温补肾阳之力,治疗阳气虚衰之证。《本草蒙筌》:“丁香……止气忒、气 逆”;《本草正》:丁香“温中快气。治上焦呃逆,除胃寒泻痢,七情五郁。”丁香:辛,温, 归脾、胃、肾经,属温里药。本发明用于食管癌进食哽噎不顺,咔吐大量粘液粘条,丁香具 有温中降逆、温肾助阳之功,能降逆止吐、温化痰饮。《药性论》曰:半夏“消痰涎,开胃健 脾,止呕吐,去胸中痰满,下肺气,主咳结”;《主治秘要》云:半夏“燥胃湿,化痰,益脾 胃气,消肿散结,除胸中痰涎。”生半夏,有毒,经炮制后得到的姜半夏,毒性降低,性偏温 燥。本发明用于食管癌进食不顺或食入即吐、呕吐痰涎者,选用姜半夏燥湿化痰、降逆止呕。 《本经逢原》:“天南星,即《本经》之虎掌也。为开涤风痰之专药”;《本经》:天南星“治心 痛、寒热、结气,即《开宝》之下气、利胸膈也。《本经》之治积聚伏梁,即《开宝》之破坚 积也……”。因生天南星具有强烈的刺激性毒性,通过与生姜和白矾等加工后“减毒存/增效”, 得到其炮制品-制天南星。《中国药典》记载:制南星,苦、辛,温;有毒,归肺、肝、脾经, 具有燥湿化痰,祛风止痉,散结消肿的功效。选用天南星既能燥湿化痰,又可散结消肿,治 疗食管癌呕吐痰涎,进食不顺的症状;与姜半夏配伍,燥湿化痰之力增强。《本草经疏》:“水 蛭,味咸苦气平,有大毒……咸入血走血,苦泄结,咸苦并行,故治妇人恶血、瘀血、月闭、 血瘕积聚,因而无子者。”《本草汇言》:“水蛭,逐恶血、瘀血之药也。”水蛭,为活血化瘀药, 其破血逐瘀的作用较强,如治瘀名方-抵当汤,由水蛭、虻虫、桃仁、大黄组成,具有破血逐 瘀、推陈致新的作用,为破血逐瘀之峻剂,临床运用广泛且效果显著。食管癌晚期,病势险 恶、病位深伏,瘀血日久,形成痼血,非虫类搜剔之品不能引药力达病处,选用水蛭,破血 逐瘀、散结祛积。急性子为凤仙花的干燥成熟种子,其在古籍中的记载同“凤仙”、“凤仙子”, 李时珍《本草纲目》描述凤仙子“微苦,温,有小毒”,可用于"产难,积块噎膈,下骨哽,透骨 通窍",“凤仙子其性急速,故能透骨软坚。庖人烹鱼肉硬者,投数粒即易软烂,是其验也。” 《中国药典》记载:急性子:微苦、辛,温;有小毒。归肺、肝经,破血、软坚、消积。用 于症瘕痞块,经闭,噎膈。故选用急性子消痰散结,治疗食管癌属顽痰痼血者效佳。《开宝本 草》:山豆根“主解诸药毒,止痛。消疮毒,急黄,发热咳嗽,杀小虫”;《图经本章》曰:“含 之咽汁,解咽喉肿毒,极妙”;《本草求真》记录:“山豆根大苦大寒,功专泻心保肺,及降阴 经火逆,解咽喉肿痛第一要药”。山豆根:味苦,性寒,归肺、胃经;功能:清热解毒,消肿 利咽。据文献报道,山豆根对食管癌、肝癌、肺癌等多种肿瘤具有抑制作用。食管癌病位在 食道,与咽喉直接相连通,本发明针对食管癌患者进食不顺,伴哽噎感,进食时食道肿痛, 选用山豆根既能消肿散结改善进食哽噎不顺,又能清热解毒缓解食道肿痛。生姜为“呕家之 圣药”。《药品化义》:“生姜辛窜,药用善豁痰利窍,止寒呕,去秽气,通神明。”生姜,味辛, 性微温,归肺、脾、胃经。本发明用于治疗食管癌,进食不顺伴呕吐痰涎,配伍生姜,和胃 理气、温中止呕。
以上十一味中药为附桂管食通颗粒全方,附子温补脾肾,党参补气固本共为君;熟地滋 肾补血,肉桂温肾化气为臣;丁香降逆和胃,姜半夏燥湿化痰,水蛭化瘀破结,制胆南星, 急性子消痰散结,山豆根解毒散结为佐;生姜和胃理气为使。用药考究,配伍得当,诸药合 用,共奏温阳益气,化痰逐瘀,散结通噎之功,临床疗效显著,较其他西医治疗和其他常用 中药方剂,具有用药安全,疗效稳定可靠,无毒副作用的特性,经试验和使用,取得了非常 好的有益技术效果,有关临床试验资料如下:
一、临床研究
1.诊断标准:
1.1西医诊断标准
所有受试患者经过明确病理诊断后确诊为食管鳞癌。影像学分期参考2017年颁布实施的 国际抗癌联盟(AJCC)最新版食管癌TNM分期(第8版)标准。
2.2中医诊断标准
参考2011年中国中医药出版社出版普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材《中医肿瘤 学》中食管癌证型制定标准,以及经全国多位行业内专家共识的食管癌中医分型标准。
脾肾阳虚、顽痰痼血证:
主证:进食不下,有哽噎感,泛吐清涎泡沫,舌质淡胖,少苔,脉沉细或细弱。
兼证:面色苍白,乏力少气,形寒怕冷,面部或双下肢水肿,大便不调。
诊断依据:①进食不下;②有轻度、中度或重度哽噎感;③泛吐水或涎或稀痰或泡沫; ④面色苍白或乏力少气;⑤形寒怕冷;⑥面部或双下肢水肿;⑦大便不调;⑧舌质淡胖,少 苔,脉沉细或细弱。
具备①、②、③中的2项,加④、⑤、⑥、⑦、⑧中的2项即可诊断。
2.入选标准:
2020年01月至2021年4月期间就诊于河南省中医院、河南省肿瘤医院、河南中医药大学第一附属医院、河南科技大学第一附属医院、河南中医药大学第三附属医院、林县市中医院、南阳仲景医院、郏县中医院8家医院诊治的临床病理确诊食管鳞癌III期、IV期, 不能手术、放疗、化疗或治疗后疾病进展,不能再次进行放疗、化疗等治疗,中医辨证属脾 肾阳衰、顽痰痼血证患者44例。
3.治疗方案:
在常规对症及营养支持治疗基础上服用本发明实施例2制备的附桂管食通颗粒。
服药方法:每天1剂,分3次服用,每次用150-200毫升开水融化,餐后1小时服用,不能口服时可以直肠滴入。
服用疗程:连服42天为一疗程,间隔3-5天后可继续服用。
服药禁忌:戒烟限酒,禁食辛辣刺激及过热过烫食物。
4.疗效评价:
1)治后42天生存率
2)肿瘤患者生活质量评价
5.统计学处理:
采用SPSS 21.0统计学分析软件,患者基线资料中,连续型变量用平均数±标准差或中 位数(四分位数间距)表示,样本资料进行正态性检验和方差齐性检验,符合正态分布者采 用t检验分析,对于偏态资料或未知分布类型的资料可用非参数检验;统计结果以P<0.05 为有统计学意义。
6.实验结果:
(1)基线资料比较:
将符合纳排标准的患者作为研究对象,一共入组44例,其中男27例,女17例,年龄(71.26 ±8.87)岁,病程(9.5±17)个月,脱落9例。
(2)患者治疗前后卡氏评分比较
经t检验,患者治疗前卡氏评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后卡氏评分较治疗 前无明显差异(P>0.05)。(见表1)
注:与治疗前比较*P>0.05。
(3)患者治疗前后肿瘤患者生活质量(QOL)评定表比较:
患者治疗前肿瘤患者生活质量(QOL)评定表差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后肿 瘤患者生活质量(QOL)评定较治疗前均显著改善(P<0.05)。
表2患者治疗前后QOL比较(M±Q)
注:与治疗前比较*P<0.05。
(4)患者治疗前后中医证候积分比较:
患者治疗前吞咽困难、胸骨后疼痛、呕吐粘液、食欲减退、神疲乏力积分无统计学意义 (P>0.05),治疗后呕吐粘液、食欲减退、神疲乏力较治疗前均显著降低(P<0.05)。吞咽困 难、胸骨后疼痛无明显差异(P>0.05)。
表3患者治疗前后中医证候积分比较(M±Q)
注:与治疗前比较,*P>0.05,△P<0.05;
(5)患者42天生存率:35例服用附桂管食通颗粒患者42天生存率评价,死亡4人,42天临床生存率为88.57%。
在整个治疗过程中,未见明显不良反应及异常。
经长期临床实践,服用其他实施例制备的中药均能取得相同或相似的治疗效果,不再一 一详述。
二、典型病案
病案一
患者李某某,男,65岁,2020年3月16日初诊。主诉:进食哽噎,吞噎不顺,吐粘液 粘痰,有时伴疼痛;稍活动感胸闷,气喘,咳嗽,痰多色白。患者曾于2020年1月做食管气 钡双重造影提示:食管中段管壁僵硬,不规则狭窄,充盈缺损,病灶长度5CM。食管镜并取 活检,病理报告为鳞状细胞癌,西医诊断:食管中段鳞状细胞癌Ⅲ期,同时诊断为支气管哮 喘、肺气肿。因患有严重的肺系疾病,体质虚弱,无法行手术及化疗。根据患者进食哽噎不 顺,吐粘液粘痰,胸部疼痛,打嗝憋胀,面色晦暗,身体消瘦,急躁不安,稍动出现胸闷气 喘,咳嗽痰多色白,大便稀,日3-5次;舌淡暗苔腻,脉细数等症状。中医诊断:噎膈,肺 胀。辩证为脾肾阳衰,顽痰痼血型。治宜温补脾肾,消痰逐瘀,开管散结。选用附桂管食通 颗粒,每天1剂。分3次服用,每次用150-200毫升开水融化,餐后1小时服用,服药期间, 每周电话随访,患者述服药后诸证好转,效不更方,嘱其按上方继续服用。
2020年4月27日二诊:服用上述中药后,进食哽噎有缓解,胸闷、气喘咳嗽等症状明显好转,但仍有咳嗽,咯白黏痰等症状,伴咽痛,口淡,食之无味,舌淡暗,苔白稍腻,脉 沉细。又开30剂,煎服法同前。嘱患者注意防风保暖,预防感冒,保持心情愉快。
2020年6月28日三诊:哽噎减轻,但仍有进食不顺,胸闷气喘基本消失,咳嗽咯痰好转,有时痰多,时有口干、口苦,咽痛、恶心等;舌质淡,苔白,脉沉。经过以上治疗,患 者的体质明显改善。
按语:该患者已过八八之年,体质日衰,加之长期抽烟饮酒,急躁易怒,生活不规律, 致脾肺肾等多脏功能失调。经常饮酒等辛辣之物,极易造成食管局部的损伤,加之脾肾阳虚 津液失于温化,日久不解致痰瘀互结,加重了食管局部的病变遂成噎膈重证。全方共奏健脾 补肾,温阳化气,化痰活瘀的功效,二诊后患者体质明显好转,诸证减轻,患者经过以中医 为主调理,使脾气得健,肾阳得温,痰瘀之邪渐结,达到祛邪不伤正的目的,使生活质量明 显提高。
病案二
患者范某某,女,79岁,2020年6月3日初诊:主诉:吞咽不顺,明显哽噎感,仅能进少量流食,吐大量痰涎,面色苍白,四肢不温,身体极度消瘦,难以入睡,大便不调,舌质 淡白,舌苔白腻水滑,脉细弱。细问病史:2020年3月,患者因进食哽噎不顺至当地医院就 诊,查胃镜并取活检后,确诊为食管中段鳞状细胞癌Ⅲ期。因患者年龄大、当时仅给与营养 及对症治疗。此后患者进食哽噎症状进一步加重,2020年5月底患者因出现胸部疼痛,于 当地医院行胸部CT检查,提示:1.食管中段占位,重度狭窄;2.双肺小结节,建议随诊;3. 上纵隔气管右后方肿大淋巴结,考虑转移;4.右侧第4肋骨骨质破坏,考虑转移;5.胆囊结 石。鳞状细胞抗原7.69ng/ml。西医诊断:食管中段鳞状细胞癌伴淋巴结转移,骨转移,为Ⅳ 期。根据患者吞咽重度哽噎,吐大量痰涎,四肢不温,身体极度消瘦,胸部疼痛,舌淡苔白 腻水滑,脉细弱等证候,门诊进行肿瘤患者生活质量(QOL)评定:41分。中医诊断:噎膈。 脾肾阳衰,顽痰痼血证。治宜温补脾肾,回阳救逆,消痰逐瘀,开管散结。附桂管食通颗粒 每天1剂,分3次服用,每次用150-200毫升开水融化,餐后1小时服用。
2020年6月13日二诊:服用上述中药后,吞咽不顺有所缓解,痰涎开始减少,能进半流质食物,每日4次进食软面条、四肢回温,胸部疼痛减轻,精神好转,睡眠较前好转,大 便不调,舌质淡白,苔白稍腻,脉沉,较前有力。肿瘤患者生活质量(QOL)评定:50分, 嘱咐继续煎服15天,除进食半流质食物外,嘱咐每日分次温服牛奶不少于500毫升,两个鸡 蛋羹及2两肉泥,5两蔬菜泥,保持心情愉快,适当散步,充足睡眠。
2020年6月30日三诊:经过以上中药煎服及加强饮食调理后,患者进食哽噎进一步减 轻,吐痰涎症状基本消失,食量明显增加,胸部疼痛减轻,体质明显好转,睡眠可,二便正常,舌质淡红,苔白稍腻,脉沉。已经在家散步,肿瘤患者生活质量(QOL)评定:60分, 复查鳞状细胞抗原1.68ng/ml,开30剂,水煎服,每日1剂,分早晚两次温服。
2020年7月30日四诊:进食基本顺畅,仍以半流质食物为主。食量增加,体重增加3公斤,胸部时有疼痛,面色好转有光泽,睡眠可,二便正常,舌质淡红,苔薄白,脉沉。已 经能出去活动。肿瘤患者生活质量(QOL)评定:75分。患者不愿意做食管镜检查。复查胸 部CT,提示:1.食管中段占位,与2020年5月相比肿瘤有缩小;2.双肺小结节与前相比无变 化;3.右侧第4肋骨骨质破坏与前相比无进展;4.胆囊结石。鳞状细胞抗原1.90ng/ml。嘱 其仍按上方服用,巩固疗效。
按语:该患者寻求中医就诊前3个月已经出现明显的进食哽噎症状,当时查胃镜并取活 检明确诊断为食管中段鳞状细胞癌。提示该患者已为中晚期。但因失于有效治疗,加之患者 年近80高龄,正气虚弱,多脏功能不足,尤其是后天脾失健运,先天肾阳虚衰,痰饮瘀血聚 集日久不解,已成顽痰痼血,导致食管局部癌灶持续增大,出现吞咽哽噎,呕吐大量痰涎; 脾肾阳衰,机体失于温养,出现四肢不温,面色苍白,身体极度消瘦;老年肾衰骨髓失养, 痰瘀癌毒乘虚而入附着骨部,造成骨骼破坏;舌质淡白,舌苔白腻水滑,脉细弱均为阳气虚 衰,血脉不充,寒湿内盛之象。患者处于正衰邪盛的危急阶段,治疗以温补脾肾,回阳救逆 为主,选用附桂管食通颗粒,患者采用以上治疗方案10天至二诊时,整体状况及局部进食均 有好转,效不更方,同时辅导患者加强饮食调养,每日增加牛奶、鸡蛋羹、肉泥、蔬菜泥, 鼓励患者,配合治疗,增加信心。三诊时可见患者整体情况和进食情况均有明显改善,生活 质量评分逐渐升高,肝脾肾功能有所恢复,有效的缓解患者的症状,提高了生存质量。
本发明配伍科学合理,原料丰富,服用方便,效果好,共奏温阳益气,化痰逐瘀,散结 通噎之效,可明显缓解脾肾阳衰、顽痰痼血型食管癌患者进食哽噎不顺等临床症状,提供一 种安全、有效的中药颗粒,具有良好的推广应用价值和实际的临床意义。
Claims (4)
1.一种治疗脾肾阳衰顽痰痼血型食管癌的中药,其特征在于,该中药是由以下重量计的原料药物制成:制附子6-12g、肉桂3-7g、党参10-20g、熟地10-20g、姜半夏8-16g、丁香1-4g、生姜6-12g、急性子3-7g、山豆根3-7g、水蛭1-4g和制南星6-12g,其中,将制附子、肉桂、急性子、熟地、山豆根、水蛭、制南星粉碎加5倍的体积浓度为70%的乙醇渗漉,在50℃条件下,减压浓缩制备相对密度为1.2的浸膏,将上述步骤所得7味药材的药渣与党参、姜半夏、丁香、生姜4味药材合并加5倍量的水煎煮2次,每次2小时,合并2次所得煎液,在50℃条件下,减压浓缩制备相对密度为1.2的浸膏,干燥,粉碎成药粉,加入辅料,药粉与辅料配比为1:2,辅料组成为糊精-糖粉=1:1,以体积浓度为80%的乙醇为润湿剂,均匀制成软材,过20目筛制粒,60℃进行干燥,14目筛过筛制粒,分装,即得颗粒剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗脾肾阳衰顽痰痼血型食管癌的中药,其特征在于,由以下重量计的原料药物制成:制附子7g、肉桂4g、党参11g、熟地11g、姜半夏9g、丁香2g、生姜7g、急性子4g、山豆根4g、水蛭2g和制南星7g,其中,将制附子、肉桂、急性子、熟地、山豆根、水蛭、制南星粉碎加5倍的体积浓度为70%的乙醇渗漉,在50℃条件下,减压浓缩制备相对密度为1.2的浸膏,将上述步骤所得7味药材的药渣与党参、姜半夏、丁香、生姜4味药材合并加5倍量的水煎煮2次,每次2小时,合并2次所得煎液,在50℃条件下,减压浓缩制备相对密度为1.2的浸膏,干燥,粉碎成药粉,加入辅料,药粉与辅料配比为1:2,辅料组成为糊精-糖粉=1:1,以体积浓度为80%的乙醇为润湿剂,均匀制成软材,过20目筛制粒,60℃进行干燥,14目筛过筛制粒,分装,即得颗粒剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗脾肾阳衰顽痰痼血型食管癌的中药,其特征在于,由以下重量计的原料药物制成:制附子9g、肉桂5g、党参15g、熟地15g、姜半夏12g、丁香3g、生姜9g、急性子5g、山豆根5g、水蛭3g和制南星9g,其中,将制附子、肉桂、急性子、熟地、山豆根、水蛭、制南星粉碎加5倍的体积浓度为70%的乙醇渗漉,在50℃条件下,减压浓缩制备相对密度为1.2的浸膏,将上述步骤所得7味药材的药渣与党参、姜半夏、丁香、生姜4味药材合并加5倍量的水煎煮2次,每次2小时,合并2次所得煎液,在50℃条件下,减压浓缩制备相对密度为1.2的浸膏,干燥,粉碎成药粉,加入辅料,药粉与辅料配比为1:2,辅料组成为糊精-糖粉=1:1,以体积浓度为80%的乙醇为润湿剂,均匀制成软材,过20目筛制粒,60℃进行干燥,14目筛过筛制粒,分装,即得颗粒剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的治疗脾肾阳衰顽痰痼血型食管癌的中药,其特征在于,由以下重量计的原料药物制成:制附子11g、肉桂6g、党参19g、熟地19g、姜半夏15g、丁香3g、生姜11g、急性子6g、山豆根6g、水蛭3g和制南星11g,其中,将制附子、肉桂、急性子、熟地、山豆根、水蛭、制南星粉碎加5倍的体积浓度为70%的乙醇渗漉,在50℃条件下,减压浓缩制备相对密度为1.2的浸膏,将上述步骤所得7味药材的药渣与党参、姜半夏、丁香、生姜4味药材合并加5倍量的水煎煮2次,每次2小时,合并2次所得煎液,在50℃条件下,减压浓缩制备相对密度为1.2的浸膏,干燥,粉碎成药粉,加入辅料,药粉与辅料配比为1:2,辅料组成为糊精-糖粉=1:1,以体积浓度为80%的乙醇为润湿剂,均匀制成软材,过20目筛制粒,60℃进行干燥,14目筛过筛制粒,分装,即得颗粒剂。
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