CN116267807A - Larva separator and larva separation method - Google Patents
Larva separator and larva separation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116267807A CN116267807A CN202310113976.9A CN202310113976A CN116267807A CN 116267807 A CN116267807 A CN 116267807A CN 202310113976 A CN202310113976 A CN 202310113976A CN 116267807 A CN116267807 A CN 116267807A
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 20
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/60—Biochemical treatment, e.g. by using enzymes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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Abstract
The application relates to a larva separator and a larva separation method. The larva separator includes: the bottom plate is provided with separation holes, the aperture ratio of the bottom plate is more than or equal to 30%, and the radial cross-sectional area of the separation holes is more than or equal to 4mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And the extraction structure is connected with the bottom plate and used for extracting the larva separator. According to the method, after the larvae are fattened and weighted, the separation of the weighted larvae and the weighted materials is realized by changing the environmental conditions of the weighted materials and utilizing the larva separator, and the separation efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of insect cultivation, in particular to a larva separator and a larva separation method.
Background
The use of insects to treat waste, such as kitchen waste, human and animal feces, agricultural product residues, etc., is becoming increasingly widespread. In the breeding process of insects, after the larva fattening and weight increasing stage is completed, the larva is required to be separated from materials.
Because the water content of the material needed by the larvae for feeding is above 60%, the material state is sticky and is difficult to separate from the larvae. The water content of the material is reduced to below 40%, and the material is screened by mechanical screening, such as a fixed screen, a roller screen, a drum screen, a shaking screen, a vibrating screen and the like, or by an airflow specific gravity screen. When the water content of the material is above 40%, the screening of the material and the larvae is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above problems, the present application provides a larva separator and a larva separation method.
One embodiment of the present application provides a larva separator comprising: the bottom plate is provided with a separation hole, the aperture ratio of the bottom plate is more than or equal to 30%, and the radial cross-sectional area of the separation hole is more than or equal to 4mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And the extraction structure is connected with the bottom plate.
According to some embodiments of the application, the larva separator further comprises a side plate, the side plate being arranged at the edge of the bottom plate, the extraction structure being arranged on the side plate.
According to some embodiments of the application, the height of the side plate is equal to or greater than 2cm.
According to some embodiments of the application, the ratio of the weight of the larva separator to the bottom area of the bottom plate is ≡1.5kg/m 2 。
One embodiment of the present application provides a larval separation method comprising: placing the mixture of weighted larvae and weighted materials in a container; placing a larva separator on the surface of the mixture, wherein the larva separator comprises a bottom plate, the bottom plate is provided with separation holes, the aperture ratio of the bottom plate is more than or equal to 30%, and the radial cross-sectional area of the separation holes is more than or equal to 4mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Changing the environmental conditions of the weighted material, and moving the weighted larvae in the weighted material to the larva separator through the separation holes.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the altering the environmental conditions of the weighted material comprises: and heating the weighted material to 45-80 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the altering the environmental conditions of the weighted material comprises: and reducing the oxygen content of air in the weighted material to below 16 percent.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the reducing the oxygen content of the air in the weighted material to below 16% comprises: closing the opening of the vessel to reduce the oxygen content of the air in the weighted material.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the rate of temperature increase of the weighted material is between 0.5 and 1.5 ℃/min.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the placing the mixture of weighted larvae and weighted material in a container comprises: and placing the low-day-age larvae and the initial materials in the container, and obtaining the weighted larvae and weighted materials after preset time.
According to some embodiments of the application, the height of the mixture of low-day-age larvae and initial material in the container is greater than 10cm.
After the larva is fattened and weighted, the larva separator is placed on the mixture of the larva and the material, the environmental condition of the weighted material is changed, the weighted larva climbs out of the weighted material and climbs onto the larva separator, and the separation of the weighted larva and the weighted material is realized, so that the separation efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present application.
Figure 1 is a schematic view of a larva separator according to an embodiment of the present application;
figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a larva separator according to an embodiment of the present application placed in a container;
figure 3 is a schematic view of another larva separator according to an embodiment of the application;
figure 4 is a flow chart of a larval separation method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will clearly and fully describe the technical aspects of the present application, and it will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
The use of insects, such as hermetia illucens, for the treatment of waste, such as kitchen waste, human and animal waste, agricultural residues, etc., is becoming increasingly widespread. Insect development includes egg stage, low day larva stage, weight gain stage, and the like. The weight gaining stage is to place low-day-age larvae in the materials, the larvae realize fattening weight gaining through feeding the materials, and the weighted larvae and the weighted materials are obtained after the preset time, wherein the weighted materials are mixture of initial materials, worm manure and the like. The weighted larvae need to be separated from weighted materials so as to be used in the subsequent links. The existing larva separation method needs to dry the weighted material for 2-4 days, reduces the moisture of the weighted material so that the weighted material becomes finer particles, and can only screen the weighted larva and the weighted material, so that the efficiency is lower and the required time is longer.
The inventor finds that diptera insects such as hermetia illucens tend to stay in or on the surfaces of food, excrement and other water-containing materials under the normal state of larval stages, but the larva has a characteristic that: in environments where the environment exceeds that where the larvae are suitable for survival, such as over-temperature, hypoxia, or other conditions that cause serious discomfort to the larvae, the larvae will actively move away from the material in which they are located.
As shown in fig. 1, embodiments of the present application provide a larval separator 100 for separation of weighted larvae from weighted material after the weighting phase is completed. The larval separator 100 comprises a base plate 1 and an extraction structure 2.
The bottom plate 1 is provided with a separation hole 11, the aperture ratio of the separation hole 11 on the bottom plate 1 is more than or equal to 30 percent, and the radial cross section area of the separation hole 11 is more than or equal to 4mm 2 The larvae after weight gain can climb to the upper surface of the bottom plate 1 through the separation holes 11. The shape of the separation hole 11 is set according to the need, for example, the separation hole 11 is a circular hole or a waist hole.
As shown in fig. 2, when the weighted larvae and weighted materials are required to be separated, the mixture of weighted larvae and weighted materials is placed in a container 200, and the container 200 is box-shaped with an open top. Alternatively, the container 200 is an insect breeding box. The larval separator 100 is placed on the upper surface of the mixture. The environmental conditions of the weighted material, such as overhigh temperature, hypoxia and the like, are changed, the environmental conditions of the weighted material after being changed are not suitable for the survival of larvae, and the weighted larvae in the weighted material climb out of the weighted material. Because of the top opening of the container 200, the weighted larvae crawl upward to disengage the weighted material. After the weight is increased, the larvae climb to the upper surface of the weighted material and then climb to the upper surface of the bottom plate 1 through the separation holes 11. After the weighted larvae basically climb to the larva separator 100, the larva separator 100 is lifted by the extraction structure 2, and the separation of the weighted larvae from the weighted materials is completed.
The application utilizes the characteristics of the larvae to realize the separation of the weighted larvae and weighted materials. When the weighted larvae are separated from weighted materials, the weighted materials are high in water content and are sticky, but not granular, drying treatment of the weighted materials is not needed, time is saved, the separation process is simplified, and the separation efficiency is improved.
Alternatively, the base plate 1 is a mesh structure. The bottom plate 1 of the mesh structure may be made of a non-metal material, for example, PET, PP, PS, PVC, PC, ABS, EVA, EPS, FRP, GFRP, thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin, synthetic resin, nylon, polyester, etc. The bottom plate 1 of the mesh structure may be made of a non-metal material, for example, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, or the like.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the base plate 1 is a hard material, e.g., the base plate 1 is a sheet metal. The larva separator 100 further comprises a side plate 3, wherein the side plate 3 is arranged at the edge of the bottom plate 1, the side plate 3 forms a closed loop around the edge of the bottom plate 1, and the larva separator 100 is box-shaped. The extraction structure 2 is arranged on the side plate 3. Alternatively, the number of the extraction structures 2 is two, and the two extraction structures 2 are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the side plate 3. The larval separator 100 is box-shaped and can carry more larvae, thereby facilitating separation of weighted larvae from weighted materials.
In some embodiments, the height of the side panels 3 of the larva separator 100 is ≡2cm, facilitating the larva carrying of the larva separator 100. For example, the bottom plate 1 is used for carrying 10kg of weighted larvae per square meter, the height of the side plate 3 is required to be more than 2cm, the bottom plate 1 is used for carrying 20kg of weighted larvae per square meter, and the height of the side plate 3 is required to be more than 5 cm. The height of the side plates 3 is set according to the requirements.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the weight of the larva separator 100 to the bottom area of the bottom plate 1 is ≡1.5kg/m 2 . If the weight of the larva separator 100 is too light, the weighted larva which climbs to the upper surface of the weighted material can jack up the larva separator 100, so that the weighted larva is difficult to climb to the larva separator 100, and separation of the weighted larva and the weighted material is inconvenient to realize.
As shown in fig. 4, an embodiment of the present application provides a larva separation method, including the steps of:
s1, placing the mixture of the weighted larvae and the weighted materials in a container. Optionally, the container is an insect breeding box.
S2, placing the larva separator on the surface of the mixture.
S3, changing the environmental conditions of the weighted material, so that the environmental conditions of the weighted material are not suitable for survival of larvae, and the weighted larvae in the weighted material move to the larva separator through the separation holes.
After the weighted larvae have substantially climbed to the larva separator 100, the larva separator 100 is lifted and the weighted larvae are separated from the weighted material.
In some embodiments, changing the environmental conditions of the weighted material in step S3 comprises: the temperature of the weighted material is heated to 45-80 ℃, e.g., the temperature of the weighted material is heated to 45 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃ or 80 ℃. The temperature of the weighted material is too low, so that the separation of the weighted larva from the weighted material is difficult to realize, and the weighted material is too high in temperature, so that the weighted larva can die.
In some embodiments, the rate of heating of the weighted material is controlled, and the too fast heating of the weighted material may result in death of the weighted larvae without the weighted material. Optionally, the temperature rising rate of the weighted material is 0.5-1.5 ℃/min. For example, the weighted material is heated from 20deg.C to 50deg.C at a rate of 1deg.C/min for 30min.
In some embodiments, changing the environmental conditions of the weighted material in step S3 comprises: and reducing the oxygen content of air in the weighted material to below 16 percent. The anoxic environment of the weighted material is not suitable for the survival of the larvae, and the weighted larvae can climb away from the weighted material.
In one embodiment, the weighted material is heated while the oxygen content of the weighted material is reduced, enabling faster separation of the weighted larvae from the weighted material.
In some embodiments, reducing the oxygen content of the weighted material may be by closing the vessel opening. For example, a plastic film is covered on the container to limit external oxygen to enter the container, oxygen content in air in the weighted material can form an anoxic environment along with respiration of larvae and fungus, and oxygen content in air between the upper surface of the weighted material and the plastic film is relatively sufficient, the oxygen content in air in the weighted material gradually decreases along with the oxygen content in air in the weighted material, and the weighted larvae can climb out of the weighted material.
In some embodiments, step S1 placing the mixture of weighted larvae and weighted material in a container comprises: the low-day-age larvae and the initial materials are placed in a container, the container is a culture box, the low-day-age larvae eat the initial materials and grow gradually and discharge the worm manure, and after a preset time, for example, 6-10 days, the weighted larvae and weighted materials are obtained. The weighted material is a mixture of initial material, worm manure and the like. The breeding box is used as a container, the separation of the weighted larvae and weighted materials can be realized in the breeding box, other containers are not needed to be additionally prepared, and the separation efficiency is improved.
By adopting the traditional screening separation method, the weighted material needs to be dried, for example, naturally air-dried for 2-4 days, so as to reduce the water content of the weighted material to below 40% (mass ratio). The mixture of the low-day-age larvae and the initial material is not too thick, the height of the mixture of the low-day-age larvae and the initial material is usually less than 10cm, otherwise, the drying treatment is carried out on the weighted material for too long.
By adopting the separation method, the height of the mixture of the low-day-age larvae and the initial material in the container is not limited, and the height of the mixture of the low-day-age larvae and the initial material in the container can be more than 10cm, for example, 20cm, so as to increase the culture amount of the culture box in unit area.
During the weight gaining stage, the weight of the larvae grows rapidly, heat generated by metabolism and kinetic friction is large, and the overheating of the center or local temperature of the material (which may exceed 45 ℃ C.) can lead the larvae to escape from the overheating area, thus reducing feeding efficiency. One way to reduce the superheat temperature is to increase the water content of the starting material, using the higher specific heat capacity of water to reduce the center or local temperature.
The water content of the initial materials put into the culture box is not too high by adopting the traditional screening separation method, and is generally controlled to be 60% -70%. The water content of the initial material is too high, and the drying treatment time of the weighted material can be increased.
By adopting the separation method, the water content of the initial material can be more than 70%, so that the problem of local overheating of the material is relieved. The initial material has high water content and obvious cooling effect on the material.
Example 1
The larva separator is a separating net, the bottom plate adopts polypropylene PP net, the size of the bottom plate is 1m multiplied by 1m, the aperture ratio of the bottom plate is 70%, and the radial cross section area of the separating hole is 4mm 2 。
The larvae are hermetia illucens larvae, a mixture of 20kg of weighted larvae and 80kg of weighted materials is placed in a breeding box with the water content of about 60% of the weighted materials, and two larva separators are placed side by side on the surface of the mixture.
The breeding box is heated from the outer side of the breeding box, the temperature of the weighted materials in the breeding box is heated to 45 ℃ over 30 minutes, and the weighted larvae in the weighted materials gradually climb out and climb onto the larva separator through the separation holes.
And (3) separating 20kg weighted larvae and 80kg weighted materials for about 1.5 hours, and taking out the larva separator and weighted larvae on the larva separator after the separation process is completed.
Example 2
The larva separator is a separating net, the bottom plate adopts polypropylene PP net, the size of the bottom plate is 1m multiplied by 1m, the aperture ratio of the bottom plate is 70%, and the radial cross section area of the separating hole is 4mm 2 。
The larvae are hermetia illucens larvae, a mixture of 20kg of weighted larvae and 80kg of weighted materials is placed in a breeding box with the water content of about 60% of the weighted materials, and two larva separators are placed side by side on the surface of the mixture.
And (3) paving a plastic film at the top end opening of the cultivation box, and reserving a space with the height of 10cm between the upper surface of the mixture and the plastic film. And after weight increase, anoxic conditions are gradually formed in the material, and the weighted larvae in the material gradually climb out and climb onto the larva separator through the separation holes.
And (3) separating 20kg weighted larvae and 80kg weighted materials for about 2 hours, and taking out the larvae separator and weighted larvae on the larvae separator after the separation process is completed.
Example 3
The larva separator is a separating net, the bottom plate adopts polypropylene PP net, the size of the bottom plate is 1m multiplied by 1m, the aperture ratio of the bottom plate is 70%, and the radial cross section area of the separating hole is 4mm 2 。
The larvae are hermetia illucens larvae, a mixture of 20kg of weighted larvae and 80kg of weighted materials is placed in a breeding box with the water content of about 60% of the weighted materials, and two larva separators are placed side by side on the surface of the mixture.
And (3) paving a plastic film at the top end opening of the cultivation box, and reserving a space with the height of 10cm between the upper surface of the mixture and the plastic film. And meanwhile, the outer side of the cultivation box is used for heating the cultivation box, and the temperature of the weighted materials in the cultivation box is heated to 50 ℃ within 30 minutes. The weighted larvae in the weighted materials gradually climb out and climb onto the larva separator through the separation holes.
And (3) separating 20kg weighted larvae and 80kg weighted materials for about 1 hour, and taking out the larvae separator and weighted larvae on the larvae separator after the separation process is completed.
Example 4
The larva separator is a separating box, and has side plates, bottom plate size of 1mx1m, bottom plate aperture ratio of 40%, and radial cross-sectional area of separating hole of 4mm 2 The height of the side plates is 2cm.
The larvae are hermetia illucens larvae, a mixture of 20kg of weighted larvae and 80kg of weighted materials is placed in a breeding box with the water content of about 60% of the weighted materials, and two larva separators are placed side by side on the surface of the mixture.
The breeding box is heated from the outer side of the breeding box, the temperature of the weighted materials in the breeding box is heated to 60 ℃ for more than 30 minutes, and the weighted larvae in the weighted materials gradually climb out and climb onto the larva separator through the separation holes.
And (3) separating 20kg weighted larvae and 80kg weighted materials for about 1.5 hours, and taking out the larva separator and weighted larvae on the larva separator after the separation process is completed.
Example 5
The larva separator is a separating box, and has side plates, bottom plate size of 1mx1m, bottom plate aperture ratio of 40%, and radial cross-sectional area of separating hole of 4mm 2 The height of the side plates is 2cm.
The larvae are hermetia illucens larvae, a mixture of 20kg of weighted larvae and 80kg of weighted materials is placed in a breeding box with the water content of about 60% of the weighted materials, and two larva separators are placed side by side on the surface of the mixture.
And (3) paving a plastic film at the top end opening of the cultivation box, and reserving a space with the height of 10cm between the upper surface of the mixture and the plastic film. And after weight increase, anoxic conditions are gradually formed in the material, and the weighted larvae in the material gradually climb out and climb onto the larva separator through the separation holes.
And (3) separating 20kg weighted larvae and 80kg weighted materials for about 2 hours, and taking out the larvae separator and weighted larvae on the larvae separator after the separation process is completed.
Example 6
The larva separator is a separating box, and has side plates, bottom plate size of 1mx1m, bottom plate aperture ratio of 40%, and radial cross-sectional area of separating hole of 4mm 2 The height of the side plates is 2cm.
The larvae are hermetia illucens larvae, a mixture of 20kg of weighted larvae and 80kg of weighted materials is placed in a breeding box with the water content of about 60% of the weighted materials, and two larva separators are placed side by side on the surface of the mixture.
And (3) paving a plastic film at the top end opening of the cultivation box, and reserving a space with the height of 10cm between the upper surface of the mixture and the plastic film. And meanwhile, the outer side of the cultivation box is used for heating the cultivation box, and the temperature of the weighted materials in the cultivation box is heated to 50 ℃ within 30 minutes. The weighted larvae in the weighted materials gradually climb out and climb onto the larva separator through the separation holes.
And (3) separating 20kg weighted larvae and 80kg weighted materials for about 1 hour, and taking out the larvae separator and weighted larvae on the larvae separator after the separation process is completed.
Example 7
150kg of initial material with water content of about 80% and 15 ten thousand black soldier fly low-day-old larvae are put into a cultivation box with the thickness of about 13cm after the materials are paved. And culturing for 7 days in a culture environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the air humidity of 40%, so as to obtain a mixture of weighted larvae and weighted materials, wherein the water content of the weighted larvae is about 70%, and the water content of the weighted materials is about 65%.
The breeding box is heated from the outer side of the breeding box, the temperature of the weighted materials in the breeding box is heated to 50 ℃ over 30 minutes, and the weighted larvae in the weighted materials gradually climb out and climb onto the larva separator through the separation holes. After 2 hours of separation about 30kg of weighted larvae were obtained.
Comparative example
100kg of initial material with water content of 70% and 10 ten thousand black soldier fly low-day-old larvae are put into a cultivation box with the thickness of about 9cm after the materials are paved. And culturing for 7 days in a culture environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the air humidity of 40%, so as to obtain a mixture of weighted larvae and weighted materials, wherein the water content of the weighted larvae is about 70%, and the water content of the weighted materials is about 50%.
And (3) carrying out air drying treatment on the weighted material for 48 hours, and reducing the water content of the weighted material to 40%. The weighted larvae and weighted material were separated using mechanical screening to obtain approximately 20kg of weighted larvae.
Compared with the larva separation method, the water content of the initial material can be increased, the culture quantity of the culture box per unit area is increased, drying treatment of the weighted material is not needed, the separation process time is short, and the efficiency is high.
The embodiments of the present application are described in detail above. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present application, and the description of the above examples is only used to help understand the technical solution and core ideas of the present application. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that many modifications and adaptations of the present application are possible and can be accomplished with the aid of the teaching herein within the scope of the present application. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the application.
Claims (11)
1. A larval separator, comprising:
the bottom plate is provided with a separation hole, the aperture ratio of the bottom plate is more than or equal to 30%, and the radial cross-sectional area of the separation hole is more than or equal to 4mm 2 ；
And the extraction structure is connected with the bottom plate.
2. The larva separator of claim 1, further comprising a side plate disposed at an edge of the bottom plate, the extraction structure disposed on the side plate.
3. A larval separator according to claim 1, wherein the side plates are at a height of 2cm or more.
4. A larva separator according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the weight of the larva separator to the bottom area of the bottom plate is not less than 1.5kg/m 2 。
5. A method of separating larvae comprising:
placing the mixture of weighted larvae and weighted materials in a container;
placing a larva separator on the surface of the mixture, wherein the larva separator comprises a bottom plate, the bottom plate is provided with separation holes, the aperture ratio of the bottom plate is more than or equal to 30%, and the radial cross-sectional area of the separation holes is more than or equal to 4mm 2 ；
Changing the environmental conditions of the weighted material, and moving the weighted larvae in the weighted material to the larva separator through the separation holes.
6. The larval separation method of claim 5, wherein said altering the environmental conditions of said weighted material comprises: and heating the weighted material to 45-80 ℃.
7. The larval separation method according to claim 5 or 6 wherein said altering the environmental conditions of said weighted material comprises: and reducing the oxygen content of air in the weighted material to below 16 percent.
8. The larval separation method of claim 7, wherein reducing the oxygen content of air in the weighted material to less than 16% comprises: closing the opening of the vessel to reduce the oxygen content of the air in the weighted material.
9. The larval separation method of claim 6, wherein the post-weight material has a heating rate of 0.5 to 1.5 ℃/min.
10. The larval separation method of claim 5, wherein the placing the mixture of weighted larval and weighted material in a container comprises: and placing the low-day-age larvae and the initial materials in the container, and obtaining the weighted larvae and weighted materials after preset time.
11. The larval separation method of claim 10, wherein the height of the mixture of low day-age larva and initial materials in the container is greater than 10cm.
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