CN112189626B - Method for breeding imagoes by utilizing wild provenance of platysternon megacephalum - Google Patents
Method for breeding imagoes by utilizing wild provenance of platysternon megacephalum Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
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- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
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- Mycology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding imagoes by utilizing open-air provenance of Chrysomyiame gacephala, which comprises the steps of material heap rotting, open-air provenance collection, provenance stabilization and grouping, pupation and eclosion condition configuration, mature larva assembly and daily management. The field provenance collection can realize the source management of the adult imago damage of the platysternon megacephalum, and the strong ecological function of converting the larvae into the organic waste of the farming and animal husbandry is exerted by breeding the offspring of the imago in captivity, so that the turning of the pests into the benefits is realized, and a foundation is laid for the large-scale application of the larvae to the conversion of the organic waste of the farming and animal husbandry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for breeding imagoes by utilizing wild provenance of Chrysomyiame gacephala, belonging to the field of artificial production and breeding of insects.
Background
The platysternon megacephalum is a coleoptera insect widely distributed nationwide, although adults have certain harmfulness to agriculture, forestry and fruit industry, larvae of the platysternon megacephalum have saprophagy, and the platysternon megacephalum exist in rotten straws, weeds and long-time livestock and poultry manure in the nature, and are converted into high-protein insect bodies and insect sand rich in organic matters and nutrition while being converted into organic wastes in agriculture and animal husbandry, so that the platysternon megacephalum can be applied to the ecological breeding industry. Therefore, the principle of natural law is adopted, the sufficient provenance and the larval decay-eating characteristics of the scarab beetle are fully exerted, and the ecological cycle industrial chain which is used for carrying out biotransformation on the agricultural and animal husbandry organic wastes such as crop straws, livestock and poultry manure and the like and combining 'planting and breeding' is a field worthy of development.
In the prior art, the larva of the platysternon megacephalum is used for converting and treating corn straws, edible fungus chaff, household wet garbage, livestock and poultry manure and the like, the strong capability of the larva of the platysternon megacephalum for converting organic wastes in agriculture and animal husbandry is preliminarily proved, but large-scale production is not realized, the biggest reason is that the complete artificial breeding population is few, and the breeding technology is relatively immature. Therefore, the method for collecting wild insect sources from the nature to breed imagoes is an important way for expanding population and realizing large-scale production at present. However, the living environment of the wild provenance is severe and is easily attacked by pathogenic bacteria, the metarhizium anisopliae, the beauveria bassiana and the mites are fatal hazards of the stauroides chinensis, and particularly, the death rate of the metarhizium anisopliae is almost 100% once the larvae are infected. If field insect sources with bacteria are collected, reasonable and systematic treatment is not carried out, and the risk of causing the full army coverage of the population is caused. The existing extensive collection and breeding method has the breeding rate of only about 20 percent and can not meet the requirements of industrial production and the requirement of large-scale application to the treatment of organic wastes in the farming and animal husbandry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding imagoes by utilizing wild provenance of the Chrysomyiame gacephala, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology. Through continuous technical optimization for 3 years, key technologies such as material composting, field provenance collection, provenance stabilization and grouping, pupation and eclosion condition preparation, mature larva assembly, daily management and the like are formed, the adult rate of the white-star chafer is improved to over 90 percent, and a solid foundation is laid for utilization of the white-star chafer field insect source, rapid expansion of culture scale and better exertion of ecological functions of the larva.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding imagoes by utilizing wild provenance of the platysternon megacephalum comprises the following steps:
(1) material heap corruption
The scarab beetle larvae eat fermented agricultural and animal husbandry organic waste, the material raw materials are crop straws and livestock and poultry manure, the mass ratio of the crop straws to the livestock and poultry manure is 1-3:1-10, the material raw materials are subjected to impurity removal and crushing pretreatment, the water content of the material is adjusted to 70%, a corrosion promoter with the mass of 1 per thousand of the material raw materials is added, the material raw materials are piled into stacks with the width of 1.2-1.5m and the height of 0.8-1.2m, films are covered on the stacks, aerobic fermentation is carried out for 5-15d, the stacks are turned when the temperature of the stacks rises to 55 ℃, and after the stacking is finished, the stacks are spread out to be fully aired and then stored to a ventilation and drying place for later use;
(2) open-air provenance collection
When the wild overwintering larva of the Chrysomyiame gacephala moves 18-22cm away from the surface layer of the pile from the underground, starting to collect a wild insect source, selecting an open container with the depth not more than 30cm as an appliance for temporarily storing the wild source, adjusting the material obtained in the step (1) to the water content of 50%, and filling the material into the open container to 1/2;
collecting field insect sources from a stockpile of organic wastes of farming and animal husbandry which is piled for more than one year, dispersing larvae in the stockpile, excavating by using a tool with less contact surface with the stockpile during collection, pushing from a support bottom at the periphery of the stockpile to the interior of the stockpile, exposing overwintering larvae at the bottom on a surface layer by using a turnover tool, quickly picking and placing the overwintering larvae on a material in an open container, enabling the overwintering larvae to automatically penetrate into the material, replacing a new collection tool when the depth of a mixture of the material and the larvae reaches 2/3, and timely transporting collected larvae back for further treatment;
(3) stabilization and grouping of wild provenance
The larvae collected on the same day must be screened out for disinfection treatment on the same day, and then are put into new feeding materials for stable feeding, and the specific method comprises the following steps: sieving the material by using a 6-mesh sieve, throwing the sieved larvae into a container filled with quicklime powder with the thickness of 2cm, wherein the throwing amount of the larvae is that all the larvae can be adhered with the lime powder on the whole body, the larvae are fully crawled and disinfected in the lime powder for 2min, then sieving out by using a 6-mesh sieve, feeding the larvae in 2 groups according to the size of the larvae, quickly shaking by using a plastic sieve to ensure that all the larvae are curled into C type, the small larvae are small, and the large larvae can leak down through the apertures and stay on the sieve to realize the separation of the large and small insects;
adjusting the water content of the material obtained in the step (1) to 55%, feeding the material in a strip basin or a feeding pond with the depth of 30cm, wherein the assembly depth of the material is 20cm, the feeding density of large larvae is 5000 per square meter, the feeding density of small larvae is 10000 per square meter, the health state of the large larvae is stable after 5d feeding, and most of the large larvae enter the state of mature larvae, and performing the operation of the next step; dividing the small larvae into groups every 10 days, separating out large larvae for independent feeding, combining grouping and replacing new materials and eliminating unhealthy insects until the small larvae become large larvae;
(4) pupation and eclosion condition configuration
The pupation and emergence places are preferably selected from cultivation sheds (houses) which are less disturbed by the outside and are rain-sheltered and ventilated, and the escape-proof gauze nets are arranged around the cultivation sheds. The niche is preferably fed with the substrate material in the feeding pond. The method adopts a wild-imitating mode on the preparation of the pupation and eclosion matrix, namely a pupation and eclosion matrix mode of soil feeding and straw covering. The specific operation is as follows: and (2) taking fine sandy soil, insolating for 2d, sieving by a 10-mesh sieve, removing impurities, adjusting the water content of the fine sandy soil to be 15%, paving the fine sandy soil in a feeding pond with the depth of 30cm and the thickness of 10cm, adjusting the water content of the material obtained in the step (1) to be 50%, paving the material above the fine sandy soil and the thickness of 10cm, and covering crop straws with the thickness of 4cm at the top.
(5) Assembly of mature larvae
Screening out aged larvae from the breeding materials by using a screen with the aperture of 5cm, then putting the aged larvae into quicklime powder for disinfection for 2min, after the quicklime is screened out, putting the larvae on the straws in the breeding pond in the step (4), allowing the larvae to automatically drill into the straws, screening unhealthy larvae for the last time, eliminating the larvae which cannot drill into the substrate, and assembling the larvae at the assembly density of 2500 per meter2It is preferable.
(6) Daily management
After the mature larvae are assembled, a layer of quicklime is spread around the rearing pond every 3 days or before and after raining to prevent germs in the air. And covering an adult escape-preventing gauze on the feeding pond when the number of the adult insects is 30 days, putting rotten fruits with high sugar content above the straws, allowing the adult insects to emerge from the shells and climb onto the rotten fruits to eat, and collecting the adult insects in time to place into a special breeding place. The whole eclosion process can be continued for 10-15 days, the fruit feeding amount is increased or decreased in time according to the adult feeding condition, and fruit residues are removed in time until no adult grows out of the shell.
Preferably, in the step (1), the material composting is optimized in 5-10 months per year, so that the heat resources can be fully utilized, the composting time can be shortened, and the fermentation effect can be improved.
Preferably, in the step (2), the larvae of the Holotrichia diomphalia Bates living through winter in the dung start to move from the lower layer to the upper layer slowly when the average ground temperature rises to more than 10 ℃ in the next year, and after 7 to 10 days, the larvae move to the position close to 20cm from the surface layer, so that the optimal time for collecting the field insect sources is provided.
Preferably, in step (2), the excavating tool used is a four-tooth iron fork.
Preferably, in the step (2), unhealthy insects which are damaged or infected with germs cannot timely penetrate into the surface of the material, and the unhealthy insects must be separately collected in the quicklime and properly treated after being disinfected.
Preferably, in step (3), the specification of the plastic sieve is: 38cm × 50cm × 13.5cm, side aperture of 0.8cm × 0.8cm, and bottom aperture of 1.0cm × 0.8 cm.
In the step (6), the straws and the matrix in the rearing pond are timely cleared out after the adult breeding is finished, the breeding facilities are integrally disinfected by quick lime for breeding the adult in the next year, the cleared straws are crushed and subjected to aerobic high-temperature fermentation to be used as larva materials, and pupation and emergence matrixes contain insect sand of 1/4-1/3 and are used as insect sand-based artificial soil for planting ecological fruits and vegetables.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method for breeding the imagoes by utilizing the open-air provenance of the chafer is characterized in that the breeding rate of the imagoes by utilizing the open-air source reaches more than 90 percent, and compared with a rough breeding mode, the breeding rate is only about 20 percent, the method greatly improves the breeding rate of the imagoes, and provides provenance foundation, technical support and time propulsion for the artificial large-scale production of the chafer.
(2) The adult platysternon megacephalum has certain harmfulness in the nature, and larvae of the platysternon megacephalum are collected from the field, so that the risk that the field provenance emerges in the nature to become adults and further harms agriculture, forestry and fruit industry is avoided, and the source control of pests is realized; on the other hand, the collected larvae can be used as a seed source for artificially breeding the platysternon megacephalum, and the offspring can play a strong role in converting organic wastes in agriculture and animal husbandry by breeding the imagoes in captivity, so that the conversion from harm to benefit can be realized, and a foundation is laid for the large-scale application of the larvae to the conversion of the organic wastes in agriculture and animal husbandry.
(3) After the adult breeding is finished, the straws cleared from the feeding pond can be used as larva materials after being crushed and subjected to aerobic high-temperature fermentation, and the pupation and emergence matrixes contain the insect sand of 1/4-1/3, are high-quality insect sand-based artificial soil and can be used for planting ecological fruits and vegetables.
(4) The pupation matrix mode adopts a wild-imitating mode, namely a pupation and eclosion matrix mode of soil feeding and straw covering. The pupation rate and the emergence rate of the larvae are higher than those of a full-soil mode, a material-soil mixed mode and a full-material mode, the pupation rate of the larvae is 95.33%, the emergence rate of the larvae is 91.26%, and the pupation rate and the emergence rate of the larvae are far higher than those of the full-soil mode and the material-soil mixed mode.
Detailed Description
A method for breeding imagoes by utilizing wild provenance of the platysternon megacephalum comprises the following steps:
(1) material heap corruption
The scarab beetle larvae eat fermented organic wastes in agriculture and animal husbandry, the material raw materials are crop straws and livestock manure, the livestock manure can be cattle, sheep, pig manure, chicken, duck, goose manure and the like, in the embodiment, the livestock manure is selected from cow manure, the mass ratio of the crop straws to the cow manure is 3:10, the material raw materials are subjected to impurity removal and crushing pretreatment, the water content of the material is adjusted to be 70%, a corrosion promoter with the mass of 1 per thousand of the material raw materials is added, the material raw materials are piled into stacks with the width of 1.2-1.5m and the height of 0.8-1.2m, films are covered, aerobic fermentation is carried out for 5-15d, when the temperature of the stacks rises to 55 ℃, the stacks are turned, laid out and fully aired and then stored in a ventilation drying place for later use, in the step (1), the material stack corrosion is optimal in 5-10 months per year, the photo-thermal resources can be fully utilized, the stack time is shortened, and the fermentation effect is improved;
(2) open-air provenance collection
The larva of the open pond Scarabaeus brevitarsis usually overwintering in the dung soil, and in the next year, when the average ground temperature rises to more than 10 ℃, the larva starts to move from the lower layer to the upper layer slowly, and after 7-10 days, when the larva moves to 18-22cm away from the surface layer, the best time for collecting the insect source in the open pond is provided. The organic waste piles in agriculture and animal husbandry which are piled for more than one year are the best places for collecting the insect sources in the field, such as excrement piles and straw piles. Adjusting the material obtained in the step (1) to 50% of water content, and assembling 1/2 the material with 50% of water content as a device for temporarily storing wild provenance in an open container with proper size and depth not exceeding 30 cm. The larva dispersion is in the heap, for reducing to cause the unnecessary injury to the larva, adopt during the collection and dig with the few instrument of heap contact surface, like four-tooth indisputable fork, and hold in the palm the end from the heap periphery and impel to the heap is inside, through the upset instrument, expose the overwintering larva of bottom on the top layer, and pick up fast and put on the material of uncovered container, let it bore the material by oneself, what the material surface can not in time bore is the unhealthy polypide that receives the damage or infect the germ, must collect in the lime alone, properly handle after the disinfection. When the depth of the mixture of material and worm reaches the container 2/3, the collection apparatus is replaced with a new one and the larvae collected on the day are timely returned for further processing.
(3) Stabilization and grouping of wild provenance
Even though the field insect source is primarily screened in the previous step, some individuals which are not attacked are still latent, so that the larvae collected on the same day must be screened out and disinfected, and then are put into new feeding materials for stable feeding. The specific method comprises the following steps: utilize 6 meshes mesh screen to sift the material under the screen, the larva that will sift out drops into the container that is equipped with the quicklime powder that thickness is 2cm, and the larva volume of puting in uses whole body of larva homoenergetic to stick to lime powder as being suitable, lets the larva fully crawl in lime powder and disinfect 2min after, and 6 sieve sieves out of reuse sieve, and the larva at this moment is not of uniform size, divides 2 crowds to raise, utilizes the quick shake of plastic sieve, the specification of plastic sieve: 38cm multiplied by 50cm multiplied by 13.5cm, the side aperture is 0.8cm multiplied by 0.8cm, the bottom aperture is 1.0cm multiplied by 0.8cm, all the larvae are preferably formed into C-shaped curls, the small larvae can leak down through the apertures, and the large larvae are left on a screen to realize the separation of the large and small insects.
Adjusting the water content of the material obtained in the step (1) to 55%, feeding the material in a basin or a feeding pond with the depth of 30cm, wherein the material assembly depth is 20cm, the large larva feeding density is 5000 per square meter, the small larva feeding density is 10000 per square meter, the large larva is fed for 5d, the health state is stable, most of the large larva enters an aged larva state, and the next step is carried out. The small larvae are grouped once every 10 days, the large larvae are separated and fed independently, and new materials are replaced by grouping and unhealthy insects are eliminated until the small larvae become the large larvae.
(4) Pupation and eclosion condition configuration
The scarab beetle is the weakest stage in the pupation and emergence stages, so that the good pupation and emergence habitat is the key for improving the adult rate. The pupation and emergence places are preferably selected from cultivation sheds (houses) which are less disturbed by the outside and are rain-sheltered and ventilated, and the escape-proof gauze nets are arranged around the cultivation sheds. The mode of adding the substrate material into the feeding pond is preferably adopted for the niche, and the niche refers to a breeding or cultivating niche. The method adopts a wild-imitating mode on the preparation of the pupation and eclosion matrix, namely a pupation and eclosion matrix mode of soil feeding and straw covering. The specific operation is as follows: and (2) taking fine sandy soil, insolating for 2d, sieving by a 10-mesh sieve, removing impurities, adjusting the water content of the fine sandy soil to be 15%, paving the fine sandy soil in a feeding pond with the depth of 30cm and the thickness of 10cm, adjusting the water content of the material obtained in the step (1) to be 50%, paving the material above the fine sandy soil and the thickness of 10cm, and covering crop straws with the thickness of 4cm at the top.
(5) Assembly of mature larvae
When pupation and eclosion conditions are ready, the mature larvae are assembled. Screening out aged larvae from the breeding materials by using a screen with the aperture of 5cm, then putting the aged larvae into quicklime powder for disinfection for 2min, after the quicklime is screened out, putting the larvae on the straws in the breeding pond in the step (4), allowing the larvae to automatically drill into the straws, screening unhealthy larvae for the last time, eliminating the larvae which cannot drill into the substrate, and assembling the larvae at the assembly density of 2500 per meter2It is preferable. After the assembly is finished, special conditions are removed, and the aged larvae are not disturbed.
(6) Daily management
After the mature larvae are assembled, a layer of quicklime is spread around the rearing pond every 3 days or before and after raining to prevent germs in the air. And covering an adult escape-preventing gauze on the rearing pond when the rearing time is 30 days, putting rotten fruits with high sugar content, such as rotten apples and rotten pears, climbing to the rotten fruits to take food after the adults emerge from the shells, and collecting adults in time to put into a special breeding place. The whole eclosion process can be continued for 10-15 days, the fruit feeding amount is increased or decreased in time according to the adult feeding condition, and fruit residues are removed in time until no adult grows out of the shell. And (3) clearing the straws and the matrix in the rearing pond in time after the adult breeding is finished, and integrally sterilizing the rearing equipment by using quick lime for breeding the adult in the next year. The cleared straws are used as larva materials after being crushed and fermented in aerobic high temperature, and the pupation and eclosion matrix contains 1/4-1/3 insect sand, is high-quality insect sand-based artificial soil and can be used for planting ecological fruits and vegetables.
Test examples
(1) Effect of pupation matrix model on pupation and eclosion rates
The influence of four pupation matrix modes on the pupation rate and the eclosion rate is respectively researched, and the four pupation matrix modes are respectively as follows:
the invention comprises the following steps: imitating a wild mode, namely a pupation and eclosion matrix mode of soil feeding and straw covering. The specific operation is as follows: taking enough fine sand, insolating for 2 days, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve to remove impurities, adjusting the water content to 15%, paving into a feeding pond with the depth of 30cm and the thickness of 10cm, adjusting the water content of the material in the first step to 50%, paving above a wet soil matrix, and covering crop straws with the thickness of 10cm on the uppermost upper side.
CK 1: and (3) in a full soil mode, taking fine sandy soil, insolating for 2d, sieving by using a 10-mesh sieve to remove impurities, adjusting the water content to 15%, and paving the fine sandy soil into a feeding pond with the thickness of 20 cm.
CK 2: and (2) mixing the material and the soil, taking sufficient fine sandy soil, insolating for 2 days, sieving by a 10-mesh sieve to remove impurities, adjusting the water content to be 15%, adjusting the water content of the thoroughly decomposed cow dung particles to be 50%, uniformly mixing the soil and the cow dung particles according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and then spreading the mixture in a feeding pond with the depth of 30cm and the thickness of 20 cm.
CK 3: and (3) in a complete feed mode, adjusting the water content of the decomposed cow dung particles to be 50%, and flatly spreading the cow dung particles into a feeding pond with the thickness of 20 cm.
The disinfection method and the throwing density of the larvae are the same as the method, and the pupation rate and the eclosion rate in the four modes are compared, and the results are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of pupation matrix patterns on pupation and emergence rates
Note: pupation and emergence rates are the average of 5 data. The invention adopts a wild-imitating mode; CK1 is all-earth mode; CK2 is a material-soil mixture mode; CK3 full feed mode.
From table 1, it can be seen that the pupation rate and the emergence rate of the larvae in the wild-like mode adopted by the invention are both higher than those of CK1 which is in a full-soil mode, CK2 which is in a soil-mixed mode and CK3 which are in a full-soil mode, the pupation rate of the larvae in the wild-like mode is 95.33%, and the emergence rate of the larvae in the wild-like mode is 91.26%, which is far higher than those of the full-soil mode and the soil-mixed mode.
(2) Influence of pupation density on pupation rate and eclosion rate
In the step of assembling the aged larvae in the step (5), the influence of different assembling densities on the pupation rate and the eclosion rate is researched, wherein the pupation density adopted by the method is 2500 per square meter; CK1 is 1667 heads per square meter; CK2 is 3333 heads per square meter; CK3 is 4167 heads per square meter; CK4 is 5000 blocks per square meter and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of pupation Density on pupation and eclosion rates
Note: pupation and emergence rates are the average of 5 data. The pupation density adopted by the invention is 2500 per square meter; CK1 is 1667 heads per square meter; CK2 is 3333 heads per square meter; CK3 is 4167 heads per square meter; CK4 is 5000 blocks per square meter.
As can be seen from table 2, both the pupation rate and the eclosion rate show a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing with increasing density, and are maximum values when the density is 2500 heads per square meter.
(3) Research on adult rate of field insect source breeding by different methods
CK1 is used for disinfection and extensive management of mature larvae: the other steps are the same as the invention, and the difference is that in the step (6), after the assembly of the aged larvae is finished, the aged larvae are naturally bred into adults, a layer of quicklime is not spread on the periphery of the rearing pond and is periodically disinfected, the rearing pond is not covered with an adult escape-preventing gauze in 30 days, and fruits with high sugar content, such as rotten apples, pears and the like, are not thrown above the straws until no adult is taken out of the shell. The mature larvae of the method are subjected to the step (5), so that the larvae which cannot enter the substrate are eliminated after the quicklime sterilization and the screening of unhealthy larvae.
CK2 is not disinfected and is roughly managed, other steps are the same as the invention, except that the quicklime is not disinfected in the step (5), unhealthy insect bodies are screened, and the step (6) is the same as CK 1.
CK3 is natural state, and is prepared by collecting field larvae, directly feeding in a feeding pond, placing 20cm thick original soil for larvae transferred from outside, and pupating and emerging directly on the original soil until no more imagoes are out of shell.
The adult rate of the four methods was compared and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 difference in adult rate of wild insect breeding by different methods
Note: the adult rate is obtained by the practical experience of 3 years and the statistical data. The invention is an optimized six-step system method; CK1 is used for sterilizing and extensive management of aged larvae; CK2 is not sterilized and is managed roughly; CK3 is in its natural state.
As can be seen from Table 3, the adult rate of the invention is over 90% in three consecutive years, and the stability is good; compared with extensive breeding modes, the breeding rate is only about 20 percent, and even the danger of covering the whole army is faced because the epidemic prevention is not done well. The method greatly improves the adult breeding rate, and provides provenance foundation, technical support and time promotion for the artificial large-scale production of the chafer.
Claims (4)
1. A method for breeding imagoes by utilizing wild provenance of the platysternon megacephalum comprises the following steps:
(1) material heap corruption
The material raw materials are crop straws and livestock manure, the mass ratio of the crop straws to the livestock manure is 1-3:1-10, the material raw materials are subjected to impurity removal and crushing pretreatment, the water content of the material is adjusted to be 70%, a corrosion promoter with the mass of 1 per thousand of the material raw materials is added, the material raw materials are piled into a stack with the width of 1.2-1.5m and the height of 0.8-1.2m, a film is covered on the stack, aerobic fermentation is carried out for 5-15d, the stack is turned over when the temperature of the stack rises to 55 ℃, and after the stack corrosion is finished, the stack is spread out and fully aired and then stored in a ventilation and drying place for later use;
(2) open-air provenance collection
When the wild overwintering larva of the Chrysomyiame gacephala moves 18-22cm away from the surface layer of the pile from the underground, starting to collect a wild insect source, selecting an open container with the depth not more than 30cm as an appliance for temporarily storing the wild source, adjusting the material obtained in the step (1) to the water content of 50%, and filling the material into the open container to 1/2; collecting field insect sources from a stockpile of organic wastes of farming and animal husbandry which is piled for more than one year, dispersing larvae in the stockpile, excavating by using a tool with less contact surface with the stockpile during collection, pushing from a support bottom at the periphery of the stockpile to the interior of the stockpile, exposing overwintering larvae at the bottom on a surface layer by using a turnover tool, quickly picking and placing the overwintering larvae on a material in an open container, enabling the overwintering larvae to automatically penetrate into the material, replacing a new collection tool when the depth of a mixture of the material and the larvae reaches 2/3, and timely transporting collected larvae back for further treatment;
(3) stabilization and grouping of wild provenance
The larvae collected on the same day must be screened out for disinfection treatment on the same day, and then are put into new feeding materials for stable feeding, and the specific method comprises the following steps: sieving the material by using a 6-mesh sieve, putting the sieved larvae into a container filled with quicklime powder with the thickness of 2cm, wherein the putting amount of the larvae is that all the larvae can be adhered with the lime powder on the whole body, and after the larvae fully crawl and are disinfected in the lime powder for 2min, sieving the larvae out by using a 6-mesh sieve, feeding the larvae in 2 groups according to the sizes of the larvae, quickly shaking by using a plastic sieve to ensure that all the larvae form C-shaped curls, the small larvae are smaller and can leak down through the apertures, and the large larvae are left on the sieve to realize the separation of the large and small insects;
adjusting the water content of the material obtained in the step (1) to 55%, feeding the material in a strip basin or a feeding pond with the depth of 30cm, wherein the assembly depth of the material is 20cm, the feeding density of large larvae is 5000 per square meter, the feeding density of small larvae is 10000 per square meter, the health state of the large larvae is stable after 5d feeding, and most of the large larvae enter the state of mature larvae, and performing the operation of the next step; dividing the small larvae into groups every 10 days, separating out large larvae for independent feeding, combining grouping and replacing new materials and eliminating unhealthy insects until the small larvae become large larvae;
(4) pupation and eclosion condition configuration
The pupation and emergence places select a cultivation shed which is little disturbed by the outside and is ventilated by rain, the surrounding is provided with an escape-proof gauze, the niche adopts a mode of adding a substrate material into a rearing pond, and the method adopts a wild-imitating mode on the preparation of the pupation and emergence substrate, namely a mode of adding soil and feeding material and adding straw to cover the pupation and emergence substrate;
the specific operation is as follows: taking fine sandy soil, insolating for 2d, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, removing impurities, adjusting the water content of the fine sandy soil to be 15%, paving the fine sandy soil in a feeding pond with the depth of 30cm and the thickness of 10cm, adjusting the water content of the material obtained in the step (1) to be 50%, paving the material above the fine sandy soil and the thickness of 10cm, and covering crop straws with the thickness of 4cm on the top;
(5) assembly of mature larvae
Screening out aged larvae from the breeding materials by using a screen with the aperture of 5cm, then putting the aged larvae into quicklime powder for disinfection for 2min, after the quicklime is screened out, putting the larvae on the straws in the breeding pond in the step (4), allowing the straws to automatically drill into the breeding pond, screening unhealthy larvae for the last time, eliminating the larvae which cannot drill into the substrate, and assembling the larvae at the density of 2500/m 2;
(6) daily management
After the mature larvae are assembled, a layer of quick lime is spread around the rearing pond, a layer of quick lime is spread every 3 days or before and after raining to prevent germs in the air, a adult escape-preventing gauze is covered on the rearing pond during 30 days, rotten fruits with high sugar content are thrown above the straws, the adults can climb onto rotten fruits to eat after emerging out of the shells, the adults are collected in time and put into a special breeding place, the whole emergence process can last for 10-15 days, the fruit throwing amount is increased and decreased in time according to the adult eating condition in the period, and fruit residues are removed in time until no adult exists.
2. The method for breeding imagoes by utilizing the wild provenance of the platysternon leucotrichum as the claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the material heap rot is optimal in 5-10 months every year, in the step (2), the platysternon leucotrichum larvae overwintering in the dung start to move from the lower layer to the upper layer slowly in the next year when the average ground temperature rises to be above 10 ℃, after 7-10 days, when the larvae move to be close to 20cm from the surface layer, the optimal time for collecting the wild source of the imagoes is provided, and the adopted digging tool is a four-tooth iron fork.
3. The method for breeding imagoes by utilizing open-air provenance of the platysternon leucotricha as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the imagoes which cannot timely penetrate into the surface of the material are unhealthy imagoes which are damaged or infected with germs, and the imagoes must be separately collected into quick lime and properly treated after being sterilized, and in the step (3), the specification of a plastic sieve is as follows: 38cm × 50cm × 13.5cm, side aperture of 0.8cm × 0.8cm, and bottom aperture of 1.0cm × 0.8 cm.
4. The method for breeding the imagoes by utilizing the open-air provenance of the platysternon leucotricha as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the straws and the matrix in the rearing pond are timely cleared out after the imagoes are bred, the rearing facilities are integrally disinfected by quick lime for breeding the imagoes in the next year, the cleared straws are smashed and aerobically fermented at high temperature to be used as larva materials, and the pupation and emergence matrix contains 1/4-1/3 insect sand which is used as insect sand-based artificial soil for planting ecological fruits and vegetables.
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