CN116267806A - Breeding method for improving bee resistance - Google Patents
Breeding method for improving bee resistance Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method for improving the resistance of bees, which belongs to the technical field of bee breeding and comprises the following steps: s1, bee field selection: the method is selected in places with high topography, convenience for drainage, air drying, leeward sun exposure and moderate shading; s2, placing a beehive: the beehives are arranged in a staggered mode front and back, and nest doors are arranged in a classified mode; s3, bee colony management: s3-1, queen bee preferential selection: raising the bee colony in a double Wang Gaxiang raising mode; s3-2, raising the bee colony: feeding and adjusting the bee colony according to the season pertinence from spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively; s3-3, bee mite control: treating the mites of the big and small bees; s4, pest control: mainly aims at preventing and controlling saccular larva diseases, chalky diseases and nestworms. The method is simple and easy to operate, and the breeding mode of the bees is comprehensively improved by the specific control of the breeding mode of the double queens, the big and small mites and the like, so that the resistance of the bees is improved in an all-round way.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bee breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method for improving bee resistance.
Background
Nowadays, foods are more and more diversified, and people have higher and higher requirements on edible safety and quality. Currently, honey and honey products are food that people often contact in daily life. The honey contains rich and unique flavonoid and terpene substances, has fructose, glucose, enzyme, protein, vitamins and various mineral substances, has remarkable inhibiting and killing effects on various bacteria, fungi, viruses and the like, can eliminate fatigue, improve the immunity of organisms and has higher nutritive value on human health. Therefore, people have an increasing demand for honey.
Today, the bee raising technology is no longer mystery, and more people see the commercial prospect of raising bees and are added to the rows and columns of beekeepers. However, growth cannot be scientifically and reasonably controlled in the feeding process, and the honey is fed with feed for promoting bees to make honey, so that on one hand, the honey is low in quality and lacks due nutritional value, on the other hand, the load of the bees is increased, the immunity is reduced, the service life is shortened, diseases are even caused, serious and even extensive diffusion is caused, and the economic loss is larger, which is difficult to recover. In addition, the bee mites are parasitic mites parasitic in the honeybee larva houses and on the honeybee bodies, and if the bee mites in the beehives are not cleared timely, a large number of larvae and pupae die, the service life of the honeybees is shortened, and the quality of the honeybees is affected. Meanwhile, the beekeeping is in spring all the year round, and spring propagation management is key. The spring has strong group in early spring and has hope of full harvest all the year round. However, the traditional bees have low breeding speed and poor self heat preservation capability, and the reduction of the bee colony is caused by the change of the external environment, so that the yield of the honey is affected.
In order to solve the problems, the patent with the publication number of CN108207819A discloses a breeding method for improving the resistance of bees, and relates to the technical field of bee breeding. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a bee field, setting a beehive, sterilizing the beehive, breeding bees and managing cultivation. The method scientifically manages the bee cultivation environment and feed, particularly pays attention to spring propagation management and pest control, so that bees have proper living environment, large bee colony and improved bee resistance, and the honey yield and economic benefit are improved.
The method improves the resistance of bees through the improvement of feeds, but the improvement mode is single and is not comprehensive enough.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a breeding method for improving the resistance of bees, which aims to comprehensively improve the breeding mode of bees by the breeding mode of double queens and the targeted control of big and small mites and the like, so that the resistance of bees is improved in all directions.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a breeding method for improving the resistance of bees comprises the following steps:
s1, bee field selection: selecting places with high topography, convenience for drainage, air drying, leeward sunny and moderate shading, wherein 2-3 main honey source plants and auxiliary honey sources and powder sources with alternate multi-flower periods are needed around the bee field, and the honey sources are needed within the range of 3km of honey collection radius of the bee field;
s2, placing a beehive: the beehives are placed in a staggered mode front and back, nest doors are arranged in a classified mode, the beehives are padded up by using wood piles, and the distance between the beehives and the ground is required to be 30-40 cm;
s3, bee colony management:
s3-1, queen bee preferential selection: the method has the advantages that the method selects the bee colony with strong spawning capability and weak bee division, is favorable for expanding the colony vigor, has strong disease resistance and high yield as a parent colony or a father colony to cultivate new queen bees, the cultivated queen bees need to be large in size, the whole body is densely fluffed, the abdomen is plump and long, the spawning number is high, and the bee colony is raised by adopting a double Wang Gaxiang raising mode;
s3-2, raising the bee colony: feeding and adjusting the bee colony according to the season pertinence from spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively;
s3-3, bee mite control: the method aims at controlling the big and small mites, and the mites are controlled by utilizing the acaricides before spring and autumn breeding and when the mites pass winter, and the mites are controlled by utilizing the acaricides before spring breeding and before autumn breeding;
s4, pest control: mainly aims at preventing and controlling saccular larva diseases, chalky diseases and nestworms.
Further, in S1, each bee colony needs 0.2-0.4 hectare of honey source crop area.
Further, in S3-1, the raising of the queen bee by the double Wang Gaxiang means that the inside of the hive is separated by the flashboard arranged in the hive into different areas, and the bee colony and the two queen bees are respectively placed in the different areas for raising.
Further, in S3-2, in spring, when the temperature weather is clear and the central temperature of the beehive reaches 33-35 ℃, opening the beehive to check the bee colony, withdrawing the warmth retention object to enable bees to fly out of the beehive to excrete, cleaning the beehive and withdrawing redundant empty spleens, feeding sugar water in the windless evening after excreting, shaking the bees to tighten the spleens, tightening the spleens and feeding pollen spleens periodically;
in summer, queen bee is exchanged, old queen bee and bad queen bee are all exchanged for new good queen bee, group potential is adjusted, honeycomb is contracted, and sunshade net is arranged for beehive when temperature is too high;
in autumn, determining to cultivate overwintering bees of proper age, rewarding and feeding the bees in the period of starting the propagation of the overwintering bees, timely buckling the queen bee and preparing overwintering feed and controlling mites;
in winter, the temperature in the beehive is regulated by increasing and decreasing the heat insulation outside the beehive and regulating the size of the nest door, ventilation in the beehive is kept, and the anti-rat nest door is arranged to prevent the invasion of rats.
Further, the pollen spleen is prepared by stirring pollen, honey or syrup, and making into cake.
Further, the preparation process of the overwintering feed comprises the steps of mixing honey, water, feed and sugar according to the proportion of 1:1:1.8:2, adding water into the honey for stirring, adding the overwintering feed for stirring after stirring, placing the mixture in a plastic bag for sealing fermentation at 25-37 ℃ for 1-2 days, finally adding white granulated sugar for stirring uniformly, and rubbing a powder cake frame beam for feeding after placing for 1-3 days.
Further, the feed is prepared from alfalfa seeds, vegetable proteins and carrot powder according to a ratio of 1:1:1.
Further, in S4, 50g of barbed skullcap herb, cortex acanthopanacis, cyrtomium fortunei, honeysuckle and radix isatidis are respectively added with white sugar and decocted to prepare medicinal syrup for feeding bees until the bees are free from abnormal diseases.
In S4, when the chalk disease is prevented and treated, the beehive and the honeycomb are firstly disinfected in time, and an antifungal drug, namely, the terbutaline, can be selected, and the bee colony is fed by spraying after being diluted by syrup until the disease does not occur.
Further, in S4, when controlling nest insects, the beehive needs to be cleaned regularly, wax scraps remained in the beehive need to be treated in time, and the honeycomb is adjusted.
The basic scheme has the following principle and beneficial effects: 1. according to the invention, the queen bee is selected before the bee colony is bred, and the queen bee is bred in a double queen bee mode, so that the shortage of honey production of single queen bee can be reduced, the honey production of the whole bee colony is low, the whole resistance of the bee colony can be improved under the assistance of the double queen bee, the situations of excessive honey production of single bee and the like are avoided, and the resistance of the bee colony is reduced.
2. The bee mites are the source of the disease of the swarm, wherein the large bee mites mainly parasitic on adult bee bodies, the small bee mites mainly parasitic on larva bodies, and after the adult bee is parasitic, the physique is weakened, the concentration is reduced, and the service life is shortened. Therefore, the treatment of the bee mites is a great measure for improving the bee resistance, and the treatment of the big and small bee mites can be used for preventing and controlling the bee mites on young bees and adult bees, so that the treatment of the bee mites can be realized more comprehensively, the influence of the bee mites on the bees is reduced, and the bee resistance is improved.
3. When in winter, the temperature is lower, the bee colony is capable of shrinking bee colonies and has the possibility of frostbite of bees, so that the heat preservation of bees can be realized by increasing and decreasing the heat-insulating matters in winter, the resistance of bees in winter is improved, and the beemites are easy to parasitic on the bees in winter, so that the treatment of the beemites in winter is important, when the beemites in winter, the beemites are fed with overwintering feed, the bee colony can replace pollen to feed the bees and kill the beemites at the same time, so that the resistance of the bees is improved to a certain extent, and the possibility that the bees are frosted in winter is reduced.
4. When raising bees, various diseases and insect pests can also reduce the resistance of the bees, so that the bees can be prevented and treated in a targeted manner aiming at different types of diseases and insect pests, the bees can be prompted to prevent and treat the corresponding diseases and insect pests, the resistance of the bees is improved, and the influence of the diseases and insect pests on the bees is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a breeding method for improving the resistance of bees in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:
an example is substantially as shown in figure 1: a breeding method for improving the resistance of bees comprises the following steps:
s1, bee field selection: selecting places with high topography, convenience for drainage, air drying, leeward sunny and moderate shading, wherein 2-3 main honey source plants and auxiliary honey sources and powder sources with alternate multi-flower periods are needed around the bee field, and the honey sources are needed within the range of 3km of honey collection radius of the bee field; each bee colony needs 0.2-0.4 hectare of honey source crop area.
S2, placing a beehive: the beehives are placed in a staggered mode front and back, nest doors are arranged in a classified mode, the beehives are padded up by using wood piles, and the distance between the beehives and the ground is required to be 30-40 cm;
s3, bee colony management:
s3-1, queen bee preferential selection: the method has the advantages that the method selects the bee colony with strong spawning capability and weak bee division, is favorable for expanding the colony vigor, has strong disease resistance and high yield as a parent colony or a father colony to cultivate new queen bees, the cultivated queen bees need to be large in size, the whole body is densely fluffed, the abdomen is plump and long, the spawning number is high, and the bee colony is raised by adopting a double Wang Gaxiang raising mode; the mode that two Wang Gaxiang raised refers to with the beehive in set up the flashboard with the different regions of beehive internal partition to place bee colony and two queen bees respectively in different regions and breed, when flowing the honey period, utilize separating the queen bee board and control two queen bees respectively, make the queen bee lay eggs in appointed position.
S3-2, raising the bee colony: feeding and adjusting the bee colony according to the season pertinence from spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively; in spring, when the temperature weather is clear and the central temperature of the beehive reaches 33-35 ℃, opening the beehive to check the bee colony, withdrawing the warmth retention object to enable bees to fly out of the beehive to excrete, cleaning the beehive and withdrawing the redundant empty spleen, feeding sugar water in the windless evening after excreting, shaking bees to tighten the spleen, tightening the spleen and feeding pollen spleen periodically; the pollen spleen is prepared by stirring pollen, mel or syrup, and making into cake;
in summer, queen bee is exchanged, old queen bee and bad queen bee are all exchanged for new good queen bee, group potential is adjusted, honeycomb is contracted, and sunshade net is arranged for beehive when temperature is too high;
in autumn, determining to cultivate overwintering bees of proper age, rewarding and feeding the bees in the period of starting the propagation of the overwintering bees, timely buckling the queen bee and preparing overwintering feed and controlling mites; the preparation process of the overwintering feed comprises the steps of preparing honey, water, feed and sugar according to the proportion of 1:1:1.8:2, adding water into the honey for stirring, adding the overwintering feed for stirring after stirring, placing the mixture in a plastic bag for sealing fermentation at 25-37 ℃ for 1-2 days, finally adding white granulated sugar for stirring uniformly, and placing the mixture for 1-3 days for feeding by using a powder cake frame beam, wherein the feed is prepared from alfalfa seeds, vegetable proteins and carrot powder according to the proportion of 1:1:1;
in winter, the temperature in the beehive is regulated by increasing and decreasing the heat insulation outside the beehive and regulating the size of the nest door, ventilation in the beehive is kept, and the anti-rat nest door is arranged to prevent the invasion of rats.
S3-3, bee mite control: the method aims at controlling the big and small mites, and the mites are controlled by utilizing the acaricides before spring and autumn breeding and when the mites pass winter, and the mites are controlled by utilizing the acaricides before spring breeding and before autumn breeding; wherein the acaricide comprises the following components: 3.0wt% of pyridaben, 8.0wt% of fenbutatin oxide, 3.0wt% of trichlorfon, 2.0wt% of spirodiclofen and the balance of water.
S4, pest control: mainly aims at preventing and controlling saccular larva diseases, chalky diseases and nestworms; in preventing and treating saccular larva diseases, 50g of herba Scutellariae Barbatae, cortex Acanthopancis, rhizoma Osmundae, flos Lonicerae and radix Isatidis are respectively added with white sugar and decocted to obtain medicinal syrup for feeding bees until the bees are free of abnormality; when preventing and treating chalky disease, firstly, sterilizing the beehive and the honeycomb in time, and selecting antifungal medicine, namely, the terbacil, and spraying and feeding the bee colony after diluting with syrup until no disease occurs; when preventing and controlling nest insects, the beehive needs to be cleaned regularly, wax scraps remained in the beehive are treated in time, and the honeycomb is regulated.
The beneficial effects are that: 1. according to the invention, the queen bee is selected before the bee colony is bred, and the queen bee is bred in a double queen bee mode, so that the shortage of honey production of single queen bee can be reduced, the honey production of the whole bee colony is low, the whole resistance of the bee colony can be improved under the assistance of the double queen bee, the situations of excessive honey production of single bee and the like are avoided, and the resistance of the bee colony is reduced.
2. The bee mites are the source of the disease of the swarm, wherein the large bee mites mainly parasitic on adult bee bodies, the small bee mites mainly parasitic on larva bodies, and after the adult bee is parasitic, the physique is weakened, the concentration is reduced, and the service life is shortened. Therefore, the treatment of the bee mites is a great measure for improving the bee resistance, and the treatment of the big and small bee mites can be used for preventing and controlling the bee mites on young bees and adult bees, so that the treatment of the bee mites can be realized more comprehensively, the influence of the bee mites on the bees is reduced, and the bee resistance is improved.
3. When in winter, the temperature is lower, the bee colony is capable of shrinking bee colonies and has the possibility of frostbite of bees, so that the heat preservation of bees can be realized by increasing and decreasing the heat-insulating matters in winter, the resistance of bees in winter is improved, and the beemites are easy to parasitic on the bees in winter, so that the treatment of the beemites in winter is important, when the beemites in winter, the beemites are fed with overwintering feed, the bee colony can replace pollen to feed the bees and kill the beemites at the same time, so that the resistance of the bees is improved to a certain extent, and the possibility that the bees are frosted in winter is reduced.
4. When raising bees, various diseases and insect pests can also reduce the resistance of the bees, so that the bees can be prevented and treated in a targeted manner aiming at different types of diseases and insect pests, the bees can be prompted to prevent and treat the corresponding diseases and insect pests, the resistance of the bees is improved, and the influence of the diseases and insect pests on the bees is reduced.
The specific experiment is as follows:
comparative example 1
When the high-quality queen bees are selected, the queen bees are cultured in a single queen bee mode, and the rest methods are the same as the embodiments.
Comparative example 2
When the bee mites are treated, the conventional treatment mode is adopted, the control is not carried out according to the pertinence of the big mites, and the rest methods are the same as the examples.
Comparative example 3
The overwintering feed adopts ordinary sugar water, and the rest methods are the same as the examples.
The methods of example, comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were used to cultivate bees for mortality, honey amount and illness after overwintering.
Therefore, when the bees are bred by adopting a single queen bee, a conventional mite treatment mode and conventional overwintering syrup, the resistance of the bees is still insufficient, the death rate of the bees is still high, and the bees are easy to freeze and die and suffer from diseases due to cold weather when overwintering. In general, through the targeted treatment of double queen bees and big and small mites and the arrangement of overwintering feed, the resistance of bees can be increased to a certain extent, so that the death rate of bees can be reduced.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The foregoing is merely an embodiment of the present invention, and a specific structure and characteristics of common knowledge in the art, which are well known in the scheme, are not described herein, so that a person of ordinary skill in the art knows all the prior art in the application day or before the priority date of the present invention, and can know all the prior art in the field, and have the capability of applying the conventional experimental means before the date, so that a person of ordinary skill in the art can complete and implement the present embodiment in combination with his own capability in the light of the present application, and some typical known structures or known methods should not be an obstacle for a person of ordinary skill in the art to implement the present application. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present invention, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A breeding method for improving the resistance of bees is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, bee field selection: selecting places with high topography, convenience for drainage, air drying, leeward sunny and moderate shading, wherein 2-3 main honey source plants and auxiliary honey sources and powder sources with alternate multi-flower periods are needed around the bee field, and the honey sources are needed within the range of 3km of honey collection radius of the bee field;
s2, placing a beehive: the beehives are placed in a staggered mode front and back, nest doors are arranged in a classified mode, the beehives are padded up by using wood piles, and the distance between the beehives and the ground is required to be 30-40 cm;
s3, bee colony management:
s3-1, queen bee preferential selection: the method has the advantages that the method selects the bee colony with strong spawning capability and weak bee division, is favorable for expanding the colony vigor, has strong disease resistance and high yield as a parent colony or a father colony to cultivate new queen bees, the cultivated queen bees need to be large in size, the whole body is densely fluffed, the abdomen is plump and long, the spawning number is high, and the bee colony is raised by adopting a double Wang Gaxiang raising mode;
s3-2, raising the bee colony: feeding and adjusting the bee colony according to the season pertinence from spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively;
s3-3, bee mite control: the method aims at controlling the big and small mites, and the mites are controlled by utilizing the acaricides before spring and autumn breeding and when the mites pass winter, and the mites are controlled by utilizing the acaricides before spring breeding and before autumn breeding;
s4, pest control: mainly aims at preventing and controlling saccular larva diseases, chalky diseases and nestworms.
2. The method for raising bees' resistance according to claim 1, wherein: in S1, each bee colony needs to have a honey crop area of 0.2-0.4 hectare.
3. The method for raising bees' resistance according to claim 2, wherein: in the S3-1, the double Wang Gaxiang feeding mode refers to that a flashboard is arranged in a beehive to separate the inside of the beehive into different areas, a bee colony and two queens are respectively placed in the different areas for breeding, and when the queen bee flows in a honey period, the queen bee separating plate is used for respectively controlling the two queen bees, so that the queen bees lay eggs at a designated position.
4. A method of raising bees according to claim 3, wherein: in the S3-2, in spring, when the temperature weather is clear and the central temperature of the beehive reaches 33-35 ℃, opening the beehive to check the bee colony, withdrawing the warmth retention object to enable bees to fly out of the beehive to excrete, cleaning the beehive and withdrawing redundant empty spleens, feeding sugar water in the windless evening after excreting, shaking the bees to tighten the spleens, tightening the spleens and feeding pollen spleens periodically;
in summer, queen bee is exchanged, old queen bee and bad queen bee are all exchanged for new good queen bee, group potential is adjusted, honeycomb is contracted, and sunshade net is arranged for beehive when temperature is too high;
in autumn, determining to cultivate overwintering bees of proper age, rewarding and feeding the bees in the period of starting the propagation of the overwintering bees, timely buckling the queen bee and preparing overwintering feed and controlling mites;
in winter, the temperature in the beehive is regulated by increasing and decreasing the heat insulation outside the beehive and regulating the size of the nest door, ventilation in the beehive is kept, and the anti-rat nest door is arranged to prevent the invasion of rats.
5. The method for raising bees' resistance according to claim 4, wherein: the pollen spleen is prepared by stirring pollen, honey or syrup, and making into cake.
6. The method for raising bees resistance according to claim 5, wherein: the preparation process of the overwintering feed comprises the steps of mixing honey, water, feed and sugar according to the proportion of 1:1:1.8:2, adding water into the honey, stirring, adding the overwintering feed, stirring, placing the mixture in a plastic bag, sealing and fermenting at 25-37 ℃ for 1-2 days, finally adding white granulated sugar, stirring uniformly, placing for 1-3 days, and rubbing a powder cake frame beam for feeding.
7. The method for raising bees resistance according to claim 6, wherein: the feed is prepared from alfalfa seeds, vegetable proteins and carrot powder according to a ratio of 1:1:1.
8. The method for raising bees resistance according to claim 7, wherein: in the S4, 50g of barbed skullcap herb, cortex acanthopanacis, cyrtomium fortunei, honeysuckle and radix isatidis are respectively added with white sugar and decocted to prepare medicinal syrup for feeding bees until the bees are free from abnormal.
9. The method for raising bees resistance according to claim 8, wherein: in the step S4, when the chalk disease is prevented and treated, the beehive and the honeycomb are firstly disinfected in time, and an antifungal drug, namely, the terbacil, can be selected, and the bee colony is fed by spraying after being diluted by syrup until the disease does not occur.
10. The method for raising bees resistance according to claim 9, wherein: in the step S4, when the nest insects are prevented, the beehive needs to be cleaned regularly, wax scraps remained in the beehive are treated in time, and the honeycomb is regulated.
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