CN111345186B - Synergistic use method for biological control and biological pollination of fruit and vegetable in facility - Google Patents
Synergistic use method for biological control and biological pollination of fruit and vegetable in facility Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant crop planting, and particularly relates to a synergistic use method for biological control and biological pollination of fruit and vegetable in a facility. The method provided by the invention aims at the main pest species existing in the planting of crops in the facility, and the natural enemy insects of the pests are purposefully put in the facility, so that the problem that plant pollination is influenced by spraying pesticides in the facility is effectively avoided; the bumblebee is introduced to the flowering phase of the crops as a pollination insect medium, the crops are pollinated by utilizing the advantages of the bumblebee, and the bumblebee is fed by supplementing a specifically screened nutrient in the pollination process, so that the pollination enthusiasm and the pollination efficiency of the bumblebee can be effectively improved; and further, by spraying egg white liquid on the plants, the enthusiasm of the bumblebee to visit flowers is effectively improved, the pollination efficiency of crops is improved, and the bumblebee pollen can be used as supplementary food for natural enemies of insects, so that the quantity and the predation prevention and control effect of the natural enemy insects are ensured, and the prevention and control effect of pests is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a synergistic use method for biological control and biological pollination of fruit and vegetable in a facility.
Background
With the penetration of modern industry to agriculture, countries in the world, especially developed countries, take the development of facility agriculture as an important measure for the sustainable development of modern agriculture. Especially, with the improvement of living standard of people and the increase of demand of vegetables and fruits out of season, the development of facility agriculture is accelerated continuously, and supporting facilities are improved continuously. The facility agriculture comprehensively applies high and new technologies such as biotechnology, information technology, new material technology, energy technology and the like, gets rid of the dependence of the traditional agriculture on natural environment to a certain extent, improves the stability of agricultural production, has the characteristics of high input, high technical content, high yield, high quality, high benefit and the like, realizes intensification, commercialization and industrialization, is a modern agricultural production mode with high vitality, and has very important significance for ensuring the effective supply of agricultural products, ensuring the food safety, promoting the agricultural development, increasing the income of farmers, enhancing the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and improving the international market competitiveness of agricultural products.
However, because the environments in facilities (such as various glass greenhouses, plastic greenhouses, multi-span greenhouses and the like) are relatively independent, and few or no other natural pollination insects exist, the pollination of crops, fruits and vegetables can be directly influenced, and the problems of low fruit setting rate of the crops, poor fruit quality and the like are caused. At present, the introduction of different pollination swarms is the most ideal method for solving the pollination problem of facility crops, not only can solve the pollination problem of the facility crops, but also can improve the crop yield and the fruit quality, has obvious economic and social benefits, and is an important measure for increasing the yield of the facility agriculture. The bumblebee has the advantages of large individual, long service life, full fluff distribution on the whole body, large flying distance, large amount of carried pollen, more efficient utilization of honey powder source than other bee species and the like, and becomes an ideal pollinator for various greenhouse fruit-setting crops, in particular strawberries, tomatoes, sweet peppers, melons, eggplants, watermelons and other melons and fruits.
However, due to the special microclimate conditions in the greenhouse facilities, such as temperature, humidity, illumination, smell and other factors, the living space and living habits of the pollinating bee colony are thoroughly changed, and the pollination efficiency can be improved only by fully knowing the biology and pollination characteristics of the pollinating bee species and selecting suitable bee species by utilizing the pollination characteristics. Meanwhile, because the pesticide resistance of the bumblebee is extremely poor, the conventional pesticide can not be used for controlling pests during the pollination period of the bumblebee, and the yield and the quality of crops in a facility are influenced to a certain extent. Therefore, how to improve the pollination efficiency of the bumblebees in the validity period has important significance for the bumblebee pollination research of the crops in the facility and the guarantee of the yield and the quality of the crops.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a synergistic use method of fruit and vegetable biological control and biological pollination in a facility, so as to improve the pollination efficiency of bumblebees and solve the problem that the pest control mode of the crop pesticide in the facility is not suitable for crop pollination.
In order to solve the technical problems, the synergistic use method of fruit and vegetable biological control and biological pollination comprises the steps of releasing natural enemy insects for planting crops into a facility in the flowering period to carry out biological control, spraying egg white liquid on crop plants in the flowering period, putting bumblebees in the full-bloom period, and providing a feeding nutrient agent for the bumblebees in the crop facility to feed the bumblebees;
controlling the temperature in the facility to be 12-28 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 50-90%;
controlling the number of the bumblebees to be 50-80 crops per mu;
the feeding amount of the natural enemy insects is controlled to be 10000-50000 heads per mu.
Specifically, in the step of putting the bumblebee, the height of the beehive is controlled to be 15-50cm.
Specifically, the feeding nutrient comprises bee pollen and sugar solution.
Specifically, the bee pollen comprises corn pollen, rape pollen and/or camellia pollen.
Specifically, the sugar solution comprises sucrose solution and/or plant polysaccharide solution.
Specifically, the plant polysaccharide solution is spirulina polysaccharide and/or lentinan solution.
Specifically, the mass concentration of the egg white liquid is 40-60wt%.
Specifically, the natural enemy insect release step comprises the following steps:
when the main pests of the planted crops are whiteflies, the natural enemy insects comprise encarsia formosa;
when the main pests of the planted crops are aphids, the natural enemy insects comprise aphid eating gall midge;
when the main pest of the planted crop is thrips, the natural enemy insect comprises orius sauteri and/or trichogramma.
Specifically, in the step of releasing the natural enemy insects, when the main pests of the crops are various, the method further comprises the step of putting the natural enemy insects of different pests in a combined mode.
Specifically, the ripe fruit crops comprise solanaceous fruits, leguminous crops, cruciferae crops, rosaceous crops and cucurbitaceae crops.
The cooperative use method of fruit and vegetable biological control and biological pollination of the facility, provided by the invention, aims at the main pest species existing in the planting of crops in the facility, the natural enemy insects of the pests are purposefully thrown in the facility, the purpose of preventing and controlling the pests is achieved by utilizing the predation of the natural enemy insects, the problem that the plant pollination is influenced by spraying pesticides in the facility is effectively avoided, and the growth of the crops in the facility is powerfully ensured; the bumblebee is introduced to the flowering period of the crops as a pollination insect medium, the crops are pollinated by utilizing the advantages of the bumblebee, and the bumblebee is fed by supplementing a specifically screened nutrient in the pollination process, so that the pollination enthusiasm and the pollination efficiency of the bumblebee can be effectively improved, the fruit setting rate of the crops is obviously improved, and the malformed fruit rate is obviously reduced; in order to improve the pollination efficiency of the bumblebees and the feeding requirement of the released natural enemy insects, egg white is further sprayed on the plants, so that the enthusiasm of the bumblebees for flower visiting is effectively improved, the pollination efficiency of crops is improved, the insect pollination agent can be used as supplementary food of the natural enemy insects, the number and the predation prevention and control effect of the natural enemy insects are ensured, and the prevention and control effect of pests is further improved. The comprehensive biological prevention, control and pollination method for the fruit and vegetable crops in the facility integrates various favorable conditions, and effectively ensures the planting effect of the crops in the facility.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Example 1 in-facility tomato pollination
The tomato variety to be tested is Tianzhu No. 9, which is provided by Tianjin scientific research institute of vegetable moistening; the pollinated bumble bees are bumble bees produced by Burte of Dutch family; the flower dipping hormone is 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D).
The test was carried out in vegetable base of Jinan city in 2017, and was carried out in 4 polyethylene film greenhouses with insect-proof nets, each greenhouse is 90m long and 7.5m wide, and a protective net is arranged in each greenhouse to prevent the bumble bees from escaping.
The method comprises the steps of growing seedlings of tomatoes in 2017 in 1 month and 27 days, planting the tomatoes in 26 months in 2 months, and planting the tomatoes in two rows in high ridges, wherein the ridge spacing is controlled to be 140cm, the row spacing is controlled to be 60cm, and the plant spacing is controlled to be 30cm.
In this experiment, tomato flowering phase is about 55 days, selects the middle box beehive that bumblebee quantity is 80/case can accomplish whole pollination process, and four warmhouse booth pollinates according to following mode respectively:
the first method is as follows: putting enough nutrients into a beehive for multiple times, wherein the nutrients are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1, a mixture of corn pollen, rape pollen and camellia pollen, and a sucrose solution with a mass concentration of 30 wt%;
the second method comprises the following steps: putting sufficient nutrients into a beehive for multiple times, wherein the nutrients are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and a mixed sugar solution of sucrose, spirulina polysaccharide and lentinan solution (mass ratio of 1;
the third method comprises the following steps: putting sufficient nutrients into a beehive for multiple times, wherein the nutrients are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and a mixed sugar solution of sucrose, spirulina polysaccharide and lentinan solutions (mass ratio is 1; before releasing bees, spraying 50 kg/mu of egg white aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 20wt% on tomato plants;
the method is as follows: artificial hormone dipping pollination is carried out by 2, 4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid according to a conventional mode.
The nutritional agent is placed in a sugar pot in the beehive or poured into a disc and placed under the beehive, so that the bumblebees can find and eat conveniently, and the nutritional agent in the disc is required to be placed for a small number of times to prevent the bumblebees from drowning when eating. In the experiment, the amounts of the nutrients added into the four greenhouses are the same.
Before releasing the bumblebees, checking whether the ventilation opening and the air release opening of the greenhouse are flat and intact and do not have wrinkles to prevent the bumblebees from being stuck, and checking whether a plastic greenhouse film has broken holes to prevent the bumblebees from flying out; ensures that the soil does not contain toxic substances such as high-toxicity and strong systemic pesticide, organic phosphorus pesticide and the like, and prevents the bumblebee from being poisoned and dead.
When the flowering number of the tomatoes reaches one fourth of the whole flowering period, the temperature in the greenhouse is 10-32 ℃, and the humidity is 50-80%, the best time for placing the beehive is selected, the tomatoes are placed after dark, and the hive doors are opened after standing for 1 hour, so that the bumble bees can adapt to a new environment.
In order to ensure the survival rate and the activity of the bumblebees, the beehive is placed in a position which is away from light to prevent direct sunlight, and the beehive is placed in the center of the shed room or at the ventilation opening of the walkway and is lightly taken to act; the beehive is horizontally placed at a position 40-80cm higher than the ground, and a sun shield is built above the beehive to prevent sunlight from directly irradiating the beehive. The honeycomb door faces the sun, so that the bumblebees can easily receive the sunlight, and the entrance and the exit cannot be provided with shelters to influence the entrance and the exit of the bumblebees. The carbon dioxide vent was closed within 2m of the beehive.
After the beehive is put into the beehive, the beehive generally has two openings, one is an opening A which can be put in and out, and the other is an opening B which can only be put in and out; when the operation is normal, the operation B can be sealed, the operation A is opened, and the bumblebee is allowed to freely enter and exit; when spraying chemicals, closing the A and opening the B4 hours in advance to enable all indoor bumblebees to return to the beehive, and moving the beehive out of the shed room to be placed in a ventilated and cool place to prevent the bumblebees from dying due to chemical injury.
During bumblebee pollination, the optimum temperature for bumblebee activity is between 12 and 30 ℃, and excessively high or excessively low temperature can cause death of bumblebees and damage of bee combs. The direct sun exposure is avoided, so that the activity of the bumblebee is influenced, and the pollination time in the flowering period is influenced.
During pollination, attention should be paid to humidity adjustment in the greenhouse to prevent excessive humidity. The death of the eggs, larvae and adult bees of the bumblebees in the box body can be caused by too high humidity in the shed, and other sundries mildew to pollute the air, thereby influencing the normal pollination of the bumblebees and delaying the optimal pollination period of crops.
The internal and surrounding environment of the beehive is regularly checked during pollination, the environmental sanitation is timely cleaned, and the beehive is kept fresh and dry. Under the condition that most of the bumblebees are discharged from the beehive, excrement, dead bees and other sundries in the beehive are cleaned out in time, and the beehive body is cleaned by dry cotton, dry sponge and the like.
During bumblebee pollination, only focus on pollination under general circumstances, attack the user seldom, but if excessively vibrate or beat the beehive seriously, can irritate the bumblebee and attack mankind, should avoid wearing bright-colored clothes when entering the canopy room operation, prevent to attract the bumblebee.
As greenhouse whitefly insect pests occur in the tomato planting process, adults and nymphs of the pests suck plant juice, the harmful leaves turn yellow, wither and wither, the greenhouse whitefly has strong fertility, high propagation speed, large damage range and cluster damage, a large amount of honey liquid is secreted in the damage process, the leaves and fruits are polluted, the occurrence of sooty mould is caused, and the commodity value of the melons is reduced. In view of the sensitivity of bumblebee to pesticide during pollination, pesticide spraying during pollination cannot be used for pest control, the embodiment adopts a mode of releasing natural enemy insect of greenhouse whitefly-Encarsia formosa for biological control.
In the embodiment, at the beginning of the flowering period of a plant, encarsia formosa cards (provided by Beijing Gray Biyuan science and technology Co., ltd.) are put into a facility, bees are released 2d after the encarsia formosa cards are released into the field, the bee-releasing density is calculated according to 2000 bees/mu, the bee-releasing times are 4 times, the encarsia formosa cards are put into the facility at intervals of 5 days every time, the encarsia formosa cards are uniformly released, the releasing height is 2/3 of the plant, and the field management condition is carried out according to a conventional tomato planting mode.
During bumblebee pollination, the environment around the beehive is paid attention to all the time to prevent animals such as ants from entering the beehive to damage the bumblebees and larvae, and edible vinegar is sprayed around the beehive to prevent the ants from entering the beehive.
In the pollination process of the tomatoes, after the bumblebee is successfully pollinated, a brown mark is left on the style of the tomato flower, the color of the mark changes from light to dark along with the passage of time, and in spring and summer, if more than 80% of flowers are detected to have the mark, the pollination is normal.
After the tomatoes begin to be harvested, counting the number of blossoms, the number of fruits and the number of malformed fruits of 1-4 treated clusters respectively, calculating the fruit setting rate and the malformed fruit rate, and verifying the effects of different pollination modes; and investigating the number of seeds, the aspect ratio of the diameter and the yield of the tomato, detecting the average value of characters such as the quality (soluble solid content and VC content) of the tomato and the like, and respectively recording the values in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 tomato pollination Effect
In the experimental group, the tomatoes pollinated and planted in the first to third modes are intact, rot-free and metamorphic, fresh and clean in appearance, free of foreign matters, basically free of malformed fruits, cracked fruits or cavity fruits, basically free of damage caused by serious diseases and pests, free of frost damage and free of peculiar smell; and the fruit appearance is basically consistent, the fruit shape is mellow, the maturity is moderate and consistent, the color is uniform, the skin is smooth and clean, the fruit cavity is full, the fruit is firm and elastic, and the fruit quality is better.
Therefore, the nutrient specifically screened by the scheme has a good promoting effect on growth and pollination of bumblebees in the greenhouse, the pollination efficiency and the pollination effect of the bumblebees can be effectively improved, and in addition, the embodiment only carries out biological prevention and control on the whiteflies in the tomato planting process in the facility through releasing encarsia formosa in the field under the condition that the pesticide is not additionally sprayed, so that the technical effect is good.
Example 2 in-facility strawberry pollination
The experiment is carried out in a Taian greenhouse base in Shandong in 2016, 12 months to 2017, 2 months, the greenhouse type is a PC board energy-saving sunlight greenhouse, and a layer of composite heat-insulating quilt controlled by an automatic rolling and paving system is covered on the top of the greenhouse.
The strawberry variety to be tested is boy I, strawberries are planted in a sunlight greenhouse, the planting distance is 15cm, the row spacing is 20cm, the ridge spacing is 50m, a black mulching film is paved, and conventional water and fertilizer management is adopted in the growth process. The bombus putida is bright bombus and comes from pollination center of bee institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences.
In the experiment, in the flowering period of the strawberries, the bright bumble bees are placed in the sunlight greenhouse for 60 heads/mu, the strawberries are pollinated, the entrance of the bumble bee hive is controlled to face south and is placed in the middle of the sunlight greenhouse, and the position of the entrance is higher than the top of the strawberries.
In the sunlight greenhouse, the whole greenhouse is divided into three planting areas with the same area and the same greenhouse environment by nylon yarns, and pollination is carried out according to the following modes:
the method I comprises the following steps: putting sufficient nutrients into a beehive for multiple times, wherein the nutrients are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1, a mixture of corn pollen, rape pollen and camellia pollen, and a sucrose solution with the mass concentration of 30 wt%;
the second method comprises the following steps: putting enough nutrients into a beehive for multiple times, wherein the nutrients are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and a mixed sugar solution of sucrose, spirulina polysaccharide and lentinan solution (mass ratio of 1;
the third method comprises the following steps: putting sufficient nutrients into a beehive for multiple times, wherein the nutrients are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and a mixed sugar solution of sucrose, spirulina polysaccharide and lentinan solutions (mass ratio is 1; and before releasing the bees, spraying 50 kg/mu of egg white aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 20wt% on strawberry plants.
Since thrips insect damage occurs during strawberry planting, and pesticide spraying during pollination cannot be used for pest control due to sensitivity of bombus during pollination, the embodiment adopts a mode of releasing natural enemy insect of thrips, namely orius nudus, for biological control.
In the embodiment, at the beginning of the flowering period of the plants, orius miniatus is released in the facility (starvation for 1d before release), the release density is calculated according to 500 heads/mu, the release times are 2 times, the orius miniatus is released every 5 days, and the field management conditions are carried out according to a conventional tomato planting mode.
In this embodiment, after the strawberry planting is completed, the fruit setting rate and the malformed fruit rate in each treatment mode are counted respectively, the effects of different pollination modes are verified, and are recorded in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 strawberry pollination Effect
| Detecting the index | In a first mode | Mode two | Mode III |
| Percentage of fruit set/%) | 91.7 | 94.8 | 98.2 |
| Rate of malformed fruits/%) | 10.7 | 5.8 | 2.2 |
The fruits of the strawberries planted in the experimental group are fresh and clean, have no peculiar smell, have the special fragrance of the variety, have no abnormal external moisture, have fresh sepals and have the maturity suitable for the market goods storage requirement; moreover, the strawberry fruit has the unique morphological characteristics, color and luster characteristics of the variety, and the shape and the color of different fruits at the same grade are uniform.
It is thus clear that the nutritional agent of this scheme specific screening has better promotion effect to the growth and the pollination of bumblebee in the greenhouse, can effectively improve the pollination efficiency and the pollination effect of bumblebee, and in addition, this embodiment is under the condition that does not additionally spray insecticide, only carries out the biological prevention and control of strawberry planting in-process thrips in the facility through releasing the orius xiaoi in the field, has better technological effect.
Example 3 in-facility cucumber pollination
The tested cucumber variety is Jinyou No. 35; the pollinated bumble bees are produced by Shandong Lubao science and technology development limited company.
The test was carried out in 2016 in a vegetable base of persimmon orchard in the historic city region of Jinan city, and was carried out in 2 polyethylene film greenhouses with insect-proof nets, each greenhouse having about 1 mu of area, and a protective net is arranged in each greenhouse to prevent the escape of the bumble bees. Tomatoes colonize in 2016 at 9 months and end at 26 days at 12 months.
The 2 greenhouses are respectively treated according to the following modes:
the first method is as follows: putting the bumblebee into a beehive for multiple times to obtain enough nutrients, wherein the nutrients are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and a mixed sugar of a sucrose solution with a mass concentration of 30wt%, a spirulina polysaccharide solution and a lentinan solution (mass ratio of 1;
the second method comprises the following steps: putting sufficient nutrients into the bumblebee hive for multiple times, wherein the nutrients are prepared from the following raw materials in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and a mixed sugar of a sucrose solution with a mass concentration of 30wt%, a spirulina polysaccharide solution and a lentinan solution (mass ratio is 1; and before releasing the bees, spraying 50 kg/mu of egg white aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 20wt% on strawberry plants.
Before releasing the bumblebees, checking whether the ventilation opening and the air release opening of the greenhouse are flat and intact and do not have wrinkles to prevent the bumblebees from being stuck, and checking whether a plastic greenhouse film has broken holes to prevent the bumblebees from flying out; ensures that the soil does not contain toxic substances such as high-toxicity and strong systemic pesticide, organic phosphorus pesticide and the like, and prevents the death caused by the poisoning of the bumblebee.
When the flowering number reaches one fourth of the whole flowering period, the temperature in the greenhouse is 10-30 ℃, and the humidity is 50-80%, the optimal time for placing the hive is selected, the hive is placed after dark, and the hive gate is opened after standing for 1 hour, so that the bumble bees adapt to a new environment.
In order to ensure the survival rate and the activity of the bumblebees, the beehive is placed in a position which is away from light to prevent direct sunlight, and the beehive is placed in the center of the shed room or at the ventilation opening of the walkway and is lightly taken to act; the beehive is horizontally placed at a position 40-80cm higher than the ground, and a sun shield is built above the beehive to prevent sunlight from directly irradiating the beehive. The honeycomb door faces the sun, so that the bumblebees can easily receive the sunlight, and the entrance and the exit cannot be provided with shelters to influence the entrance and the exit of the bumblebees. The carbon dioxide vent was closed within 2m of the beehive.
After the beehive is put into the beehive, the beehive generally has two openings, one is an opening A which can be put in and out, and the other is an opening B which can only be put in and out; when the operation is normal, the operation B can be sealed, the operation A is opened, and the bumblebee is allowed to freely enter and exit; when spraying medicine is needed, closing the A and opening the B4 hours in advance to enable the bumblebees in the room to return to the beehive, and moving the beehive out of the shed room to be placed in a ventilated and cool place to prevent the bumblebees from dying due to phytotoxicity.
During bumblebee pollination, the optimum temperature of bumblebee activity is 12-30 ℃, and the death of bumblebees and the damage of bee nests can be caused by excessively high or excessively low temperature. The direct sun exposure is avoided, so that the activity of the bumblebee is influenced, and the pollination time in the flowering period is influenced.
During pollination of bumblebees, attention should be paid to humidity adjustment in the greenhouse to prevent excessive moisture. The death of the eggs, larvae and adult bees of the bumblebees in the box body can be caused by too high humidity in the shed, and other sundries mildew to pollute the air, thereby influencing the normal pollination of the bumblebees and delaying the optimal pollination period of crops.
During bumblebee pollination, only concentrate on the pollination in general, attack the user rarely, but if vibrate excessively or beat the beehive seriously, can irritate the bumblebee and attack mankind, should avoid wearing bright-colored clothes when entering the canopy room operation, prevent to attract the bumblebee.
As greenhouse whitefly and thrips pests occur in the cucumber planting process, the two pests have strong fecundity, high propagation speed, large damage range and are clustered into pests, a large amount of honey liquid is secreted in the whitefly damage process, leaves and fruits are polluted, the occurrence of sooty mould is often caused, and the commodity value of the melons is reduced. In view of the sensitivity of bombus during pollination to pesticides, pesticide spraying during pollination cannot be used for pest control, the embodiment adopts a mode of releasing natural enemy insects of greenhouse whitefly, namely encarsia formosana and natural enemy insects of thrips, namely orius microplus to carry out biological control.
In this example, at the beginning of the plant flowering period, the encarsia formosa and the orius microplus (provided by Shandong Lubao scientific and technological development Co., ltd.) were put in the facility. 2d, discharging the encarsia formosa after releasing the encarsia formosa into the field, wherein the bee releasing density is calculated according to 2000 heads/mu, the bee releasing times are 4 times, the encarsia formosa is released every 5 days, the bee cards of the encarsia formosa are uniformly released, and the releasing height is 2/3 of the plant; the release density of the orius minutus is 300 heads/mu, the release is 2 times, and the release part is on the leaves of the plant. The field management conditions are carried out according to a conventional planting mode.
During bumblebee pollination, the environment around the beehive is often concerned, animals such as ants are prevented from entering the beehive to damage the bumblebees and larvae, and edible vinegar is sprayed around the beehive to prevent the ants from entering the beehive.
In the pollination process, after successful pollination of bumblebees, brown marks are left on the style of the tomato flowers, the color of the marks changes from light to dark along with the passage of time, and in spring and summer, if more than 80% of the flowers are detected to have the marks, the pollination is normal.
After the harvest is started, the average fruit number and the average yield per plant of 2-shed cucumbers are respectively counted and recorded in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 cucumber pollination Effect
| Detecting the index | In a first mode | Mode two |
| Average number of fruits per plant | 7.51±0.22 | 8.39±0.21 |
| Average yield per plant/kg | 0.91±0.02 | 1.16±0.02 |
In the experimental group, the planted cucumbers are intact in variety, free of rot and deterioration, fresh and clean in appearance, free of foreign matters, basically free of malformed fruits, cracked fruits or cavity fruits, basically free of damage caused by serious diseases and pests, free of frost damage and free of peculiar smell; and the fruit appearance is basically consistent, the fruit shape is mellow, the maturity is moderate and consistent, the color is uniform, the skin is smooth and clean, the fruit cavity is full, the fruit is firm and elastic, and the fruit quality is better.
Therefore, bumblebee pollination in the greenhouse has a good promoting effect on the growth of cucumber fruits, the pollination efficiency and the pollination effect of bumblebees can be effectively improved, and in addition, the embodiment only releases the encarsia formosa and the orius microplus in the field to carry out biological control on the whiteflies and the thrips in the cucumber planting process in the facility under the condition of not additionally spraying insecticides, so that the technical effect is good.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. This need not be, nor should it be exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A synergistic use method of fruit and vegetable biological control and biological pollination in a facility is characterized by comprising a step of releasing natural enemy insects for planting crops into the facility in a flowering period to carry out biological control, a step of spraying egg white liquid with the mass concentration of 20wt% on crop plants according to the amount of 50 kg/mu in the flowering period, and a step of putting bumblebees in a full-bloom period and providing a feeding nutrient for the bumblebees in the facility for feeding the bumblebees;
controlling the temperature in the facility to be 12-28 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 50-90%;
controlling the number of the bumblebees to be 50-80 crops per mu;
controlling the feeding amount of the natural enemy insects to be 10000-50000 heads/mu;
in the step of putting the bumblebee, the height of the beehive is controlled to be 15-50cm;
the feeding nutrient consists of bee pollen and sugar liquid;
the bee pollen is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 1:1:1, corn pollen, rape pollen and camellia pollen;
the sugar solution is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 1:1, and the sugar solution is 30wt% in mass concentration.
2. The method for the synergistic use of fruit and vegetable biocontrol and biological pollination in a facility according to claim 1, wherein in the step of releasing natural enemy insects:
when the main pests of the planted crops are whiteflies, the natural enemy insects comprise encarsia formosa;
when the main pests of the planted crops are aphids, the natural enemy insects comprise aphid eating gall midge;
when the main pest of the planted crop is thrips, the natural enemy insect comprises orius sauteri and/or trichogramma.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises the step of delivering the natural enemy insects of different pests in combination when the main pests of the crop are multiple.
4. A method of synergistic use of fruit vegetable biocontrol and biological pollination in a facility as claimed in any one of claims 1-3 wherein said fruit vegetable organisms comprise solanaceous, leguminous, cruciferous, rosaceous or cucurbitaceae crops.
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