CN116267297B - Method for preventing sugarcane white streak by water management - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
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- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preventing sugarcane white streaks through moisture management, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparation of modified activated carbon; (2) mixing the modified activated carbon into soil; (3) moisture management; (4) strengthening field management; and (5) harvesting. During planting and during extending of the sugarcane, the modified activated carbon is mixed into soil at the root of the sugarcane, and at the same time, shi Xiaosuan potassium and ammonium nitrate solution are continuously added in the water management process, so that the effect of slowly releasing nitrate is achieved, nitrate is prevented from flowing into water rapidly, the growth of Monochamus alternatus is inhibited on one hand, and therefore the white streak of the sugarcane is effectively prevented and treated, rich nutritional ingredients are provided for the sugarcane on the other hand, and the yield and quality of the sugarcane can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for preventing sugarcane white streak by water management.
Background
Sugarcane, also known as potato sugarcane, rod sugarcane, sugar stalk, dried sugarcane, tube sugarcane, bamboo sugarcane, enteromorpha and the like, belongs to the family of Gramineae, milo and Saccharum, and is a tall-stalk monocotyledonous annual or perennial herbaceous plant with vigorous plant height in tropical and subtropical zones. The stems of sugarcane are solid, regularly grow like bamboo, have knots, and have one bud in each knot. Sugarcane is tightly clustered, leaf-shaped and beautiful, and is similar to the leaf of corn. Leaf sheath is wrapped on the stem to protect the bud. The cane has rich juice and sweet taste, is a raw material for preparing cane sugar, and can refine ethanol to be used as an energy substitute.
The white streak disease of sugarcane is also called as She Zhuo disease of sugarcane. Is a systemic disease. There are both chronic and acute types. The chronic type is mainly harmful to the leaves, and white to milky yellow stripes with the length of 1-2 cm are generated on the leaves, and the size and the number are different. Some extend down to the leaf sheath and are purple in color. In drought weather, the diseased leaves gradually dry from leaf tips to leaf edges to full leaf withering. The internode of the disease plant is shortened, the leaf punishment is short and straight, the stem base grows lateral branches and fine tillers, and white strips are also grown on the tillered leaves. The longitudinal cutting stem base and vascular bundle turn red. The acute disease spots are mainly formed by complete clusters or whole plants withering or whole field leaf rolling withering and dying, and are easy to occur when drought is suddenly encountered in the growing season of the sugarcane, and just like the accidental cutting of root systems. These damaged stems again exhibit chronic disorders when tillered. Sugarcane white streaks are diseases caused by Monascus albidus and occurring on sugarcane. Monascus albicans bacteria. The bacterial cells are rod-shaped, extremely grow single flagellum, have gram-negative staining with the size of 0.6-1.0x0.2-0.3 (mu m), and can not grow on NA culture medium. The bacterial colony on the SPA culture medium is small, the growth is slow, the bacterial colony is glossy, transparent, and is honey-yellow, gelatin can not be liquefied, and starch can not be hydrolyzed. Does not grow on the culture medium with ammonia salt, nitrate and asparagine as nitrogen sources. The growth temperature of the germ is 25-28 ℃ and 37 ℃ at maximum. Besides the sugarcane, the bacterium can also infect corn, cogongrass and the like.
The sugarcane white streak can be transmitted by means of infectious disease strain stems, hacking knives and the like, and can also be transmitted by means of contact among plants, soil and air flow. At present, the control method of sugarcane white streak mainly comprises the following steps: and (1) selecting disease-free sugarcane seeds. (2) The sugarcane field is applied with sufficient base fertilizer and topdressing in time, scientific irrigation and drainage can alleviate the occurrence of the disease. (3) Planting disease-free seedlings, and if necessary, carrying out hot water treatment at 50 ℃ for 2-3 hours, and continuously carrying out 2-3 generations. In the method (1), as the sugarcane white streak has a certain latency, the disease-free sugarcane seeds are selected and the potential disease plants cannot be screened out; in the method (2), scientific irrigation and drainage can only reduce the occurrence of the disease, and the prevention and control effect is poor; in the method (3), the cost of continuously culturing 2-3 generations of disease-free seedlings is high, the processes of transportation, transplanting and the like cannot be guaranteed to be free from infection, and the actual operation effect is not good enough; other effective methods for preventing and controlling sugarcane white streak diseases are not known at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preventing sugarcane white streak by water management, which has strong operability, good adaptability and good control effect.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for preventing sugarcane white streaks by moisture management comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparation of modified activated carbon:
1.1 Soaking the activated carbon powder in the first treatment liquid at 35-40 ℃ for 1.5-2 h, taking out, and washing with water to be neutral to obtain the primary modified activated carbon; the first treatment liquid is formed by mixing formic acid and glycerin, and the glycerin content is 12-15 wt%;
1.2 Roasting the primary modified activated carbon at 120-150 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain secondary modified activated carbon;
1.3 Soaking the secondary modified activated carbon in the second treatment liquid for 30-45 min, taking out, and drying to obtain the tertiary modified activated carbon; the second treatment liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of dilute hydrochloric acid solution, 12-15 parts of chitosan, 5-8 parts of algal polysaccharide, 4-7 parts of methylcellulose and 2-3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol;
1.4 Soaking the activated carbon modified for three times in a nitrate saturated solution, and drying to obtain the modified activated carbon;
(2) Mixing the modified activated carbon into soil: mixing the modified activated carbon into the soil of the root of the sugarcane during the planting and the extending period of the sugarcane respectively;
(3) And (3) water management:
3.1 After planting sugarcane, spraying potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 5-8wt% to wet the soil surface layer;
3.2 At 25-28 deg.c, drip irrigation of 1.3-1.5 wt% concentration potassium nitrate solution once every 7-15 days;
3.3 2.0 to 2.5 weight percent of ammonium nitrate solution for 3 to 5 days in the continuous drip irrigation concentration of the sugarcane in the extending period;
(4) Strengthening field management: watering at proper time, and adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;
(5) Harvesting: harvesting sugarcane at proper time.
Further, the step 1.1) is to put the activated carbon powder into a first treatment liquid, soak for 1.8 to 2 hours at 37 to 40 ℃, take out, wash with water to be neutral, and obtain the once modified activated carbon; the first treatment liquid is formed by mixing formic acid and glycerin, and the glycerin content is 13-15 wt%.
Further, in the step 1.2), the primary modified activated carbon is roasted for 1.5 to 2 hours at the temperature of 130 to 150 ℃ and cooled to room temperature, so as to obtain the secondary modified activated carbon.
Further, the cooling rate in the step 1.2) is controlled to be 7-12 ℃/s.
Further, in the step 1.3), the secondarily modified activated carbon is put into the second treatment liquid to be soaked for 35-45 min, taken out and dried, and the tertiary modified activated carbon is obtained; the second treatment liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of dilute hydrochloric acid solution, 13-15 parts of chitosan, 6-8 parts of algal polysaccharide, 5-7 parts of methylcellulose and 2.5-3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.
Further, in the step 1.3), the diluted hydrochloric acid solution uses a solvent as water, and the concentration is 0.3-0.5 mol/L.
Further, the second treatment solution in the step 1.3) further comprises 1-2 parts by weight of sodium alginate.
Further, the nitrate in the saturated solution of nitrate in the step 1.4) is any one or more of sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate.
Further, the dosage of the modified activated carbon in the step (2) is 150-180 kg/mu when the sugarcane is planted, and the dosage of the modified activated carbon in the sugarcane stretching period is 50-60 kg/mu.
Further, when the temperature in the step 3.2) is 25-28 ℃, the potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 1.4-1.5 wt% is dripped every 8-15 days, and the dosage of the potassium nitrate solution is 180-220 kg/mu/time.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the method for preventing the sugarcane white streak disease through the moisture management, the characteristic that the white streak monospora is not grown on the culture medium with ammonia salt, nitrate and asparagine as nitrogen sources is utilized, modified activated carbon is mixed into the soil of the root of the sugarcane during the planting and the extending period of the sugarcane, and simultaneously Shi Xiaosuan potassium and ammonium nitrate solutions are continuously increased during the moisture management process to play a role in slowly releasing the nitrate, so that the nitrate is prevented from rapidly flowing into a water body, the growth of the white streak monospora is inhibited on one hand, the effective prevention and control of the sugarcane white streak disease are realized, and on the other hand, rich nutrition ingredients are provided for the sugarcane, and the yield and quality of the sugarcane can be improved; specifically, formic acid and glycerin are mixed to form a first treatment liquid to carry out swelling treatment on the activated carbon powder, the porosity and the surface energy of the activated carbon powder are increased, the adsorption performance of the activated carbon can be increased by roasting the activated carbon modified at a high temperature, then the activated carbon is placed into a second treatment liquid, and components such as chitosan, algal polysaccharide, methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and the like in the second treatment liquid can form a slow release layer with excellent slow release effect on the surface of the activated carbon, so that the effect of slowly releasing nitrate is achieved, and the activated carbon modified for three times is placed into a nitrate saturated solution to be soaked, so that the activated carbon can adsorb sufficient nitrate, and the nitrate is convenient to slowly release later.
According to the method for preventing sugarcane white streak through water management, after the once modified activated carbon is roasted at a high temperature, the cooling rate is controlled, so that the porosity and the surface energy of the activated carbon powder can be further increased, and the adsorption performance of the activated carbon is improved; the second treatment liquid also comprises sodium alginate, so that the slow release effect of the slow release layer on the surface of the activated carbon can be increased, the effect of slow release of nitrate by the activated carbon is further improved, and the prevention and treatment effect of sugarcane white streak is better.
Detailed Description
In the method for preventing sugarcane white streak disease through water management, in the steps 3.2) and 3.3), if no drip irrigation condition exists, the potassium nitrate solution and the ammonium nitrate solution can be directly sprayed on the ground of the planting land, so that the potassium nitrate solution and the ammonium nitrate solution can permeate into the soil of the planting land.
The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in a more complete understanding of the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
A method for preventing sugarcane white streak disease through moisture management, wherein the planting land is selected in Wuming district of Guangxi nan Ning, and the sugarcane variety is Guifei No. 2, comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparation of modified activated carbon:
1.1 Placing the activated carbon powder with the grain size of 1-3 mm into first treatment liquid, soaking for 1.5h at 35 ℃, taking out, and washing with water to be neutral to obtain primary modified activated carbon; the volume ratio of the first treatment liquid to the active carbon powder is above 1:1, the first treatment liquid is formed by mixing formic acid and glycerin, the content of the glycerin is 12wt%, and the balance is formic acid;
1.2 Roasting the primary modified activated carbon at 120 ℃ for 1h, cooling to room temperature, and controlling the cooling rate at 7 ℃/s to obtain secondary modified activated carbon;
1.3 Soaking the secondary modified activated carbon in the second treatment liquid for 30min, taking out, and drying to obtain the tertiary modified activated carbon; the volume ratio of the second treatment liquid to the secondarily modified active carbon is above 1:1; the second treatment liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of dilute hydrochloric acid solution, 12 parts of chitosan, 5 parts of algal polysaccharide, 4 parts of methylcellulose, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 1 part of sodium alginate; the dilute hydrochloric acid solution takes a solvent as water, and the concentration is 0.3mol/L;
1.4 Soaking the activated carbon modified for three times in a saturated solution of sodium nitrate for more than 15min, taking out, and drying by cold air to obtain the modified activated carbon;
(2) Mixing the modified activated carbon into soil: mixing the modified activated carbon into the soil of the root of the sugarcane during the planting and the extending period of the sugarcane respectively; the dosage of the modified activated carbon is 150 kg/mu when the sugarcane is planted, and the dosage of the modified activated carbon is 50 kg/mu when the sugarcane extends;
(3) And (3) water management:
3.1 After planting sugarcane, spraying potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 5wt% to wet the surface layer of soil; ditching and draining are carried out in time in daily management, so that accumulated water in a sugarcane planting area is avoided;
3.2 At 25-28 ℃, the potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 1.3wt% is dripped once every 7 days, and the dosage of the potassium nitrate solution is 180 kg/mu/time;
3.3 2.0wt% of ammonium nitrate solution for 3 days in continuous drip irrigation concentration during the extending period of the sugarcane;
(4) Strengthening field management: watering at proper time, and adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;
(5) Harvesting: harvesting sugarcane at proper time.
Example 2
A method for preventing sugarcane white streak disease through moisture management, wherein the planting land is selected in Wuming district of Guangxi nan Ning, and the sugarcane variety is Guifei No. 2, comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparation of modified activated carbon:
1.1 Placing the activated carbon powder with the grain size of 1-3 mm into first treatment liquid, soaking for 2 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃, taking out, and washing with water to be neutral to obtain primary modified activated carbon; the volume ratio of the first treatment liquid to the active carbon powder is above 1:1, the first treatment liquid is formed by mixing formic acid and glycerol, the glycerol content is 15wt%, and the balance is formic acid;
1.2 Roasting the primary modified activated carbon at 150 ℃ for 2 hours, cooling to room temperature, and controlling the cooling rate at 12 ℃/s to obtain secondary modified activated carbon;
1.3 Soaking the secondary modified activated carbon in the second treatment liquid for 45min, taking out, and drying to obtain the tertiary modified activated carbon; the volume ratio of the second treatment liquid to the secondarily modified active carbon is above 1:1; the second treatment liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of dilute hydrochloric acid solution, 15 parts of chitosan, 8 parts of algal polysaccharide, 7 parts of methylcellulose, 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 2 parts of sodium alginate; the dilute hydrochloric acid solution takes a solvent as water, and the concentration is 0.5mol/L;
1.4 Soaking the activated carbon modified for three times in a saturated potassium nitrate solution for more than 15min, taking out, and drying by cold air to obtain the modified activated carbon;
(2) Mixing the modified activated carbon into soil: mixing the modified activated carbon into the soil of the root of the sugarcane during the planting and the extending period of the sugarcane respectively; the dosage of the modified activated carbon is 180 kg/mu when the sugarcane is planted, and the dosage of the modified activated carbon is 60 kg/mu when the sugarcane extends;
(3) And (3) water management:
3.1 After planting sugarcane, spraying potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 8wt% to wet the soil surface layer; ditching and draining are carried out in time in daily management, so that accumulated water in a sugarcane planting area is avoided;
3.2 At 25-28 ℃, drip irrigation is carried out once every 15 days on a potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 1.5 weight percent, and the dosage of the potassium nitrate solution is 220 kg/mu/time;
3.3 Continuous drip irrigation of 2.5wt% ammonium nitrate solution for 5 days;
(4) Strengthening field management: watering at proper time, and adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;
(5) Harvesting: harvesting sugarcane at proper time.
Example 3
A method for preventing sugarcane white streak disease through moisture management, wherein the planting land is selected in Wuming district of Guangxi nan Ning, and the sugarcane variety is Guifei No. 2, comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparation of modified activated carbon:
1.1 Placing the activated carbon powder with the grain size of 1-3 mm into first treatment liquid, soaking for 1.8h at 37 ℃, taking out, and washing with water to be neutral to obtain primary modified activated carbon; the volume ratio of the first treatment liquid to the active carbon powder is above 1:1, the first treatment liquid is formed by mixing formic acid and glycerin, the glycerin content is 13wt%, and the balance is formic acid;
1.2 Roasting the primary modified activated carbon at 130 ℃ for 1.5 hours, cooling to room temperature, and controlling the cooling rate at 8 ℃/s to obtain secondary modified activated carbon;
1.3 Soaking the secondary modified activated carbon in the second treatment liquid for 35min, taking out, and drying to obtain the tertiary modified activated carbon; the volume ratio of the second treatment liquid to the secondarily modified active carbon is above 1:1; the second treatment liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of dilute hydrochloric acid solution, 13 parts of chitosan, 6 parts of algal polysaccharide, 5 parts of methyl cellulose, 2.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 2 parts of sodium alginate; the dilute hydrochloric acid solution takes a solvent as water, and the concentration is 0.4mol/L;
1.4 Soaking the activated carbon modified for three times in a saturated solution of calcium nitrate for more than 15min, taking out, and drying with cold air to obtain the modified activated carbon;
(2) Mixing the modified activated carbon into soil: mixing the modified activated carbon into the soil of the root of the sugarcane during the planting and the extending period of the sugarcane respectively; the dosage of the modified activated carbon is 160 kg/mu when the sugarcane is planted, and the dosage of the modified activated carbon is 55 kg/mu when the sugarcane extends;
(3) And (3) water management:
3.1 After planting sugarcane, spraying a potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 6wt% to wet the surface layer of soil; ditching and draining are carried out in time in daily management, so that accumulated water in a sugarcane planting area is avoided;
3.2 At 25-28 ℃, the potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 1.4wt% is dripped once every 8 days, and the dosage of the potassium nitrate solution is 190 kg/mu/time;
3.3 2.2wt% of ammonium nitrate solution for 4 days in continuous drip irrigation concentration during the extending period of the sugarcane;
(4) Strengthening field management: watering at proper time, and adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;
(5) Harvesting: harvesting sugarcane at proper time.
Example 4
A method for preventing sugarcane white streak disease through moisture management, wherein the planting land is selected in Wuming district of Guangxi nan Ning, and the sugarcane variety is Guifei No. 2, comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparation of modified activated carbon:
1.1 Placing the activated carbon powder with the grain size of 1-3 mm into first treatment liquid, soaking for 1.8h at 37 ℃, taking out, and washing with water to be neutral to obtain primary modified activated carbon; the volume ratio of the first treatment liquid to the active carbon powder is above 1:1, the first treatment liquid is formed by mixing formic acid and glycerin, the glycerin content is 13wt%, and the balance is formic acid;
1.2 Roasting the primary modified activated carbon at 130 ℃ for 1.5 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain secondary modified activated carbon;
1.3 Soaking the secondary modified activated carbon in the second treatment liquid for 35min, taking out, and drying to obtain the tertiary modified activated carbon; the volume ratio of the second treatment liquid to the secondarily modified active carbon is above 1:1; the second treatment liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of dilute hydrochloric acid solution, 13 parts of chitosan, 6 parts of algal polysaccharide, 5 parts of methyl cellulose, 2.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 2 parts of sodium alginate; the dilute hydrochloric acid solution takes a solvent as water, and the concentration is 0.4mol/L;
1.4 Soaking the activated carbon modified for three times in a saturated solution of calcium nitrate for more than 15min, taking out, and drying with cold air to obtain the modified activated carbon;
(2) Mixing the modified activated carbon into soil: mixing the modified activated carbon into the soil of the root of the sugarcane during the planting and the extending period of the sugarcane respectively; the dosage of the modified activated carbon is 160 kg/mu when the sugarcane is planted, and the dosage of the modified activated carbon is 55 kg/mu when the sugarcane extends;
(3) And (3) water management:
3.1 After planting sugarcane, spraying a potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 6wt% to wet the surface layer of soil; ditching and draining are carried out in time in daily management, so that accumulated water in a sugarcane planting area is avoided;
3.2 At 25-28 ℃, the potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 1.4wt% is dripped once every 8 days, and the dosage of the potassium nitrate solution is 190 kg/mu/time;
3.3 2.2wt% of ammonium nitrate solution for 4 days in continuous drip irrigation concentration during the extending period of the sugarcane;
(4) Strengthening field management: watering at proper time, and adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;
(5) Harvesting: harvesting sugarcane at proper time.
Example 5
A method for preventing sugarcane white streak disease through moisture management, wherein the planting land is selected in Wuming district of Guangxi nan Ning, and the sugarcane variety is Guifei No. 2, comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparation of modified activated carbon:
1.1 Placing the activated carbon powder with the grain size of 1-3 mm into first treatment liquid, soaking for 1.8h at 37 ℃, taking out, and washing with water to be neutral to obtain primary modified activated carbon; the volume ratio of the first treatment liquid to the active carbon powder is above 1:1, the first treatment liquid is formed by mixing formic acid and glycerin, the glycerin content is 13wt%, and the balance is formic acid;
1.2 Roasting the primary modified activated carbon at 130 ℃ for 1.5 hours, cooling to room temperature, and controlling the cooling rate at 8 ℃/s to obtain secondary modified activated carbon;
1.3 Soaking the secondary modified activated carbon in the second treatment liquid for 35min, taking out, and drying to obtain the tertiary modified activated carbon; the volume ratio of the second treatment liquid to the secondarily modified active carbon is above 1:1; the second treatment liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of dilute hydrochloric acid solution, 13 parts of chitosan, 6 parts of algal polysaccharide, 5 parts of methylcellulose and 2.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol; the dilute hydrochloric acid solution takes a solvent as water, and the concentration is 0.4mol/L;
1.4 Soaking the activated carbon modified for three times in a saturated solution of calcium nitrate for more than 15min, taking out, and drying with cold air to obtain the modified activated carbon;
(2) Mixing the modified activated carbon into soil: mixing the modified activated carbon into the soil of the root of the sugarcane during the planting and the extending period of the sugarcane respectively; the dosage of the modified activated carbon is 160 kg/mu when the sugarcane is planted, and the dosage of the modified activated carbon is 55 kg/mu when the sugarcane extends;
(3) And (3) water management:
3.1 After planting sugarcane, spraying a potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 6wt% to wet the surface layer of soil; ditching and draining are carried out in time in daily management, so that accumulated water in a sugarcane planting area is avoided;
3.2 At 25-28 ℃, the potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 1.4wt% is dripped once every 8 days, and the dosage of the potassium nitrate solution is 190 kg/mu/time;
3.3 2.2wt% of ammonium nitrate solution for 4 days in continuous drip irrigation concentration during the extending period of the sugarcane;
(4) Strengthening field management: watering at proper time, and adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;
(5) Harvesting: harvesting sugarcane at proper time.
Comparative example 1
A method for preventing sugarcane white streak disease through moisture management, wherein the planting land is selected in Wuming district of Guangxi nan Ning, and the sugarcane variety is Guifei No. 2, comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing activated carbon into soil: respectively mixing active carbon powder with the grain diameter of 1-3 mm into soil at the root of the sugarcane during the planting of the sugarcane and the extending period of the sugarcane; the dosage of the activated carbon is 160 kg/mu when the sugarcane is planted, and the dosage of the activated carbon in the sugarcane extension period is 55 kg/mu;
(2) And (3) water management:
2.1 After planting sugarcane, spraying a potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 6wt% to wet the surface layer of soil; ditching and draining are carried out in time in daily management, so that accumulated water in a sugarcane planting area is avoided;
2.2 At 25-28 ℃, the potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 1.4wt% is dripped once every 8 days, and the dosage of the potassium nitrate solution is 190 kg/mu/time;
2.3 2.2wt% of ammonium nitrate solution for 4 days in continuous drip irrigation concentration during the extending period of the sugarcane;
(3) Strengthening field management: watering at proper time, and adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;
(4) Harvesting: harvesting sugarcane at proper time.
Comparative example 2
A method for preventing sugarcane white streak disease through moisture management, wherein the planting land is selected in Wuming district of Guangxi nan Ning, and the sugarcane variety is Guifei No. 2, comprising the following steps:
(1) And (3) water management:
1.1 After planting sugarcane, spraying a potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 6wt% to wet the surface layer of soil; ditching and draining are carried out in time in daily management, so that accumulated water in a sugarcane planting area is avoided;
1.2 At 25-28 ℃, the potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 1.4wt% is dripped once every 8 days, and the dosage of the potassium nitrate solution is 190 kg/mu/time;
1.3 2.2wt% of ammonium nitrate solution for 4 days in continuous drip irrigation concentration during the extending period of the sugarcane;
(2) Strengthening field management: watering at proper time, and adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;
(3) Harvesting: harvesting sugarcane at proper time.
Comparative example 3
A method for preventing sugarcane white streak disease through moisture management, wherein the planting land is selected in Wuming district of Guangxi nan Ning, and the sugarcane variety is Guifei No. 2, comprising the following steps:
(1) And (3) water management:
1.1 After planting sugarcane, spraying water to wet the soil surface layer; ditching and draining are carried out in time in daily management, so that accumulated water in a sugarcane planting area is avoided;
1.2 Drip irrigation is carried out once every 8 days when the temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the consumption of tap water is 190 kg/mu/time;
1.3 Continuous drip irrigation of tap water for 4 days in the sugar cane stretching period;
(2) Strengthening field management: watering at proper time, and adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;
(3) Harvesting: harvesting sugarcane at proper time.
The control methods according to examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were used for controlling sugarcane white streaks, and the method for calculating the incidence rate of sugarcane white streaks was as follows: the white streak induction rate/% = total number of diseased plants/total number of diseased plants 100, and the judging method of the diseased plants is as follows: 1) Judging whether the sugarcane white streak is affected or not according to the appearance of the leaf; 2) Judging whether the plant suffers from sugarcane white streak or not according to microscopic observation of leaf tissues (carrying out microscopic observation of leaf tissues, judging that the plant suffers from sugarcane white streak if a slender white line appears on the leaf of sugarcane along a vein); the sum of the disease plants obtained by the statistics of the method 1) and the method 2) is the total disease plants; statistical control effect data and modified activated carbon slow release data are calculated, and the statistical results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
| Project | 30-Day release amount/wt% of nitrate in modified activated carbon | Incidence/% |
| Example 1 | 35.3 | 0.25 |
| Example 2 | 36.4 | 0.21 |
| Example 3 | 34.7 | 0.16 |
| Example 4 | 39.2 | 0.29 |
| Example 5 | 41.0 | 0.33 |
| Comparative example 1 | -- | 5.35 |
| Comparative example 2 | -- | 14.69 |
| Comparative example 3 | -- | 26.76 |
The 30-day release amount of nitrate in the modified activated carbon in table 1 refers to that the modified activated carbon prepared in the step (1) is mixed into soil, 30 days later, the release amount of nitrate is counted, and the released nitrate is the nitrate adsorbed in the step 1.4); as shown by the statistical results of Table 1, the method for preventing sugarcane white streak disease is characterized in that modified activated carbon is mixed into soil at the root of sugarcane during the planting and the extending period of the sugarcane, and at the same time Shi Xiaosuan potassium and ammonium nitrate solution is continuously added during the moisture management process to play a role of slowly releasing nitrate, so that nitrate is prevented from flowing into water rapidly, the growth of Monascus albicans is inhibited on one hand, the sugarcane white streak disease is effectively prevented and treated, and on the other hand, rich nutrition ingredients are provided for the sugarcane, and the yield and quality of the sugarcane can be improved; specifically, formic acid and glycerin are mixed to form a first treatment liquid to carry out swelling treatment on the activated carbon powder, the porosity and the surface energy of the activated carbon powder are increased, the adsorption performance of the activated carbon can be increased by high-temperature roasting of the activated carbon which is modified at one time, then the activated carbon is placed into a second treatment liquid, and components such as chitosan, algal polysaccharide, methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and the like in the second treatment liquid can form a slow-release layer with excellent slow-release effect on the surface of the activated carbon, so that the effect of slowly releasing nitrate is achieved; after the primary modified activated carbon is roasted at a high temperature, the cooling rate is controlled, so that the porosity and the surface energy of the activated carbon powder can be further increased, and the adsorption performance of the activated carbon is further improved; the second treatment liquid also comprises sodium alginate, so that the slow release effect of the slow release layer on the surface of the activated carbon can be increased, the effect of slow release of nitrate by the activated carbon is further improved, and the prevention and treatment effect of sugarcane white streak is better.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preventing sugarcane white streaks by moisture management comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparation of modified activated carbon:
1.1 Soaking the activated carbon powder in the first treatment liquid at 35-40 ℃ for 1.5-2 h, taking out, and washing with water to be neutral to obtain the primary modified activated carbon; the first treatment liquid is formed by mixing formic acid and glycerin, and the glycerin content is 12-15 wt%;
1.2 Roasting the primary modified activated carbon at 120-150 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain secondary modified activated carbon;
1.3 Soaking the secondary modified activated carbon in the second treatment liquid for 30-45 min, taking out, and drying to obtain the tertiary modified activated carbon; the second treatment liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of dilute hydrochloric acid solution, 12-15 parts of chitosan, 5-8 parts of algal polysaccharide, 4-7 parts of methylcellulose and 2-3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol;
1.4 Soaking the activated carbon modified for three times in a nitrate saturated solution, and drying to obtain the modified activated carbon;
(2) Mixing the modified activated carbon into soil: mixing the modified activated carbon into the soil of the root of the sugarcane during the planting and the extending period of the sugarcane respectively;
(3) And (3) water management:
3.1 After planting sugarcane, spraying potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 5-8wt% to wet the soil surface layer;
3.2 At 25-28 deg.c, drip irrigation of 1.3-1.5 wt% concentration potassium nitrate solution once every 7-15 days;
3.3 2.0 to 2.5 weight percent of ammonium nitrate solution for 3 to 5 days in the continuous drip irrigation concentration of the sugarcane in the extending period;
(4) Strengthening field management: watering at proper time, and adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;
(5) Harvesting: harvesting sugarcane at proper time.
2. The method for preventing sugarcane white streaks by moisture management according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1.1), activated carbon powder is put into a first treatment liquid and soaked for 1.8-2 hours at 37-40 ℃, taken out, and washed with water to be neutral, so as to obtain primary modified activated carbon; the first treatment liquid is formed by mixing formic acid and glycerin, and the glycerin content is 13-15 wt%.
3. The method for preventing sugarcane white streaks by water management according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1.2), the primary modified activated carbon is roasted for 1.5-2 hours at 130-150 ℃, and cooled to room temperature, so as to obtain the secondary modified activated carbon.
4. A method for preventing sugarcane white streaks by moisture management as claimed in claim 1 wherein the rate of cooling in step 1.2) is controlled to be in the range 7 to 12 ℃/s.
5. The method for preventing sugarcane white streak by moisture management as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said step 1.3), the secondarily modified activated carbon is put into the second treatment liquid to be soaked for 35-45 min, taken out, dried to obtain the tertiary modified activated carbon; the second treatment liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of dilute hydrochloric acid solution, 13-15 parts of chitosan, 6-8 parts of algal polysaccharide, 5-7 parts of methylcellulose and 2.5-3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.
6. The method for preventing sugarcane white streaks by moisture management as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diluted hydrochloric acid solution in step 1.3) uses water as a solvent, and the concentration is 0.3-0.5 mol/L.
7. The method for preventing sugarcane white streaks by moisture management as in claim 1 wherein said second treatment fluid in step 1.3) further includes 1-2 parts by weight sodium alginate.
8. The method for preventing sugarcane white streaks by moisture management as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrate in the saturated solution of nitrate in step 1.4) is any one or more of sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate.
9. The method for preventing sugarcane white streak by water management according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the modified activated carbon used in the sugarcane planting in the step (2) is 150-180 kg/mu, and the amount of the modified activated carbon used in the sugarcane elongation period is 50-60 kg/mu.
10. The method for preventing sugarcane white streaks by water management according to claim 1, wherein the potassium nitrate solution with concentration of 1.4-1.5 wt% is dripped every 8-15 days at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ in the step 3.2), and the dosage of the potassium nitrate solution is 180-220 kg/mu/time.
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