CN114847101B - Cultivation method for improving weak light resistance of cucumbers - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving weak light resistance of cucumbers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving weak light resistance of cucumbers, which comprises germination cultivation, seedling cultivation, early flowering cultivation and cucumber formation cultivation. The cultivation method can effectively relieve the weak light stress of winter and spring facility cucumbers in north China and prevent the phenomenon of leaf area increase, and the leaf area is 376-402cm 2 The stem thickness can be prevented from thinning, the stem thickness is 1.12-1.22cm, the stem growth phenomenon can be prevented, the stem length is 348-362cm, the yellow leaf proportion can be reduced, and the yellow leaf proportion is 0.46-0.88%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method for improving weak light resistance of cucumbers, and belongs to the field of cucumber cultivation.
Background
The cucurbitaceae annual vine or climbing herbaceous plants (also called cucurbits sativa and green cucumber) are generally cultivated in various places in China, and many areas are cultivated in greenhouses or plastic greenhouses, and are widely cultivated in temperate zones and tropical areas at present, the cucumber is one of main vegetables and vegetables in summer in various places in China, and in the north of China, in recent years, in order to meet the requirement that the supply of fresh vegetables is increased day by day in the whole year, the facility cucumber cultivation has become one of main cultivated crops of a sunlight greenhouse in the north of China in winter and spring.
In northern areas of China, the illumination is weak in winter and spring, the multilayer covering designed for heat preservation often makes cucumbers under weak light stress, especially in rainy and snowy days in cloudy days, the illumination is at the cucumber light compensation point, the consumption and the generation of organic matters are equal, and dry matters cannot be accumulated, so that the production of the cucumbers at the sunlight room temperature is in a low-temperature and weak-light environment for a long time, so that the physiological activities of the cucumbers are disordered, and the yield and the quality of the cucumbers are seriously influenced.
The weak light resistance of the cucumbers can be improved by adopting two ways, one way is to crossbreed and breed hybrid progeny with weak light resistance, but the time is long, the progeny with required characteristics cannot be ensured to appear, the progeny with required characteristics need to be found in time, the method is not suitable for the cucumbers of all varieties, the cucumbers of different varieties need to have the weak light resistance, and new crossbreed and breeding is needed, the other way is to apply exogenous substances in the cucumber cultivation and improve the cultivation way to improve the weak light resistance of the cucumbers, and the method can be suitable for different cucumber varieties and has high universality.
CN104823734A discloses a cultivation method for improving weak light resistance of greenhouse cucumbers, which can relieve weak light stress of cucumbers by spraying glutathione on leaf surfaces, but is only suitable for cucumbers living in spring and autumn, has poor effect on greenhouse cucumbers living in winter and spring, and cannot effectively relieve weak light stress of the cucumbers, and the greenhouse cucumbers living in winter and spring can have the phenomena of plant leaf area increase and stem thickness reduction during growth, and can cause fruit shriveling and single weight reduction.
Although cucumbers belong to relatively shade-resistant crops, even in summer, the reduction of illumination intensity still leads to the reduction of plant photosynthesis, the conventional exogenous substance spraying can improve the weak light stress of the cucumbers under low illumination intensity in summer, and in winter and spring, the temperature is reduced, the illumination is less than 40% of that in summer, the photosynthesis can only reach about one third of that in summer, the cucumber dysplasia can be caused, the stem thickness becomes thin, the leaf area of the plants is increased on the contrary, the yield reduction is serious, and the common exogenous substance spraying can not improve the weak light stress of the cucumbers.
At present, no article or report can relieve the weak light stress phenomenon of winter-spring facility cucumbers by combining exogenous substances with improved cultivation modes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and further provides a cultivation method by applying an exogenous substance glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide composite exogenous preparation and matching with other field treatments, so that the weak light stress of winter and spring facility cucumbers is relieved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for improving the weak light resistance of cucumber comprises germination cultivation, seedling cultivation, early flowering cultivation and cucumber-bearing cultivation.
The following is a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the method for cultivating the cucumbers in the germination period comprises the steps of sowing the cucumbers in winter and spring in a seedling pot until the 1 st true leaf appears, carrying out normal water and fertilizer management, controlling the highest temperature not to exceed 24-26 ℃, the lowest temperature not lower than 19-21 ℃ during cultivation, controlling the highest humidity not to exceed 80-90% and the lowest humidity not lower than 60-70% during cultivation before the 5 th true leaf appears.
The seedling stage cultivation comprises temperature and humidity control, illumination treatment and exogenous substance application;
the temperature and humidity control method comprises the steps that after the germination period of the cucumber is finished, the cucumber grows until the leaf primordium is differentiated to 20 nodes, the highest temperature is controlled to be not more than 26-28 ℃ and the lowest temperature is not lower than 17-19 ℃ during cultivation, the highest humidity is controlled to be not more than 85-95% during cultivation, and the lowest humidity is not lower than 70-80%;
the illumination treatment method comprises the following steps of irradiating the cucumber seedlings by using an ultraviolet lamp at a speed of 6-7 a.m. from 00 to 00 a when the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 5 knots, wherein the irradiation time is 30-50min, and then performing ultraviolet irradiation every 2-4 days until the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 20 knots;
the ultraviolet lamp has a wavelength of 630-660nm, a power of 12-20W, and an irradiation intensity of 35-50uw/cm 2 The irradiation distance is 1.4-1.6m above the cucumber.
Spraying a diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide composite exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of the cucumber seedlings at a speed of 16-17 pm after the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 5 days, and then spraying the diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide composite exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of the cucumber seedlings in the same spraying mode when the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 15 days, and carrying out normal water and fertilizer management at the rest time;
the spraying method comprises the following steps: the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation is mixed and diluted with water according to the mass ratio of 1 to 400-600, and is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings, wherein the spraying amount is 14-16 kg/mu.
The cultivation in the initial flowering phase comprises temperature and humidity control and exogenous substance application;
the temperature and humidity control method comprises the steps that after a cucumber seedling stage is finished and fixedly planted in a greenhouse facility, the highest temperature is controlled not to exceed 26-28 ℃, the lowest temperature is controlled not to be lower than 17-19 ℃, the highest humidity is controlled not to exceed 90-96% and the lowest humidity is controlled not to be lower than 75-85% when the cucumber is cultivated until a cucumber plant grows to the 1 st female flower and sits on the cucumber;
the method for applying the exogenous substances comprises the following steps of spraying a diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings at a speed of (00-00) in the afternoon within 9-12 days after the cucumbers are fixedly planted in a greenhouse facility, and carrying out normal water and fertilizer management at the rest time;
the spraying method comprises the following steps: the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation is mixed and diluted with water according to the mass ratio of 1 to 400-600, and is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings, wherein the spraying amount is 18-25 kg/mu.
The melon-bearing period cultivation comprises temperature and humidity control and exogenous substance application;
the temperature and humidity control method comprises the steps that after cucumber plants grow to the 1 st female flower and sit on the cucumber, the cucumber plants are harvested, the highest temperature is controlled to be not more than 24-26 ℃ during cultivation, the lowest temperature is not lower than 11-13 ℃, the highest humidity is controlled to be not more than 90-96% during cultivation, and the lowest humidity is not lower than 75-85%;
the method for applying the exogenous substance comprises the steps of spraying a diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide composite exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings at a speed of 16-00;
the spraying method comprises the following steps: the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation is mixed and diluted with water according to the mass ratio of 1 to 400-600, and is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings, wherein the spraying amount is 14-16 kg/mu.
The preparation method of the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation comprises the steps of preparing a starch hydrolysate solution, preparing a glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide mixture, mixing and freeze-drying;
the method for preparing the starch hydrolysate solution comprises the steps of mixing corn starch and acetic acid buffer solution, controlling the stirring speed to be 400-500r/min, stirring for 25-50min, heating to boil, keeping the temperature for 40-60min in the boiling state, cooling to 35-42 ℃ after boiling, adding pullulanase for hydrolysis for 11-13h, adding absolute ethyl alcohol after hydrolysis is completed to separate out the starch hydrolysate, and mixing the starch hydrolysate with deionized water after centrifugal drying to obtain the starch hydrolysate solution.
The mass ratio of the corn starch to the acetic acid buffer solution is 1;
the pH value of the acetic acid buffer solution is 6.2-6.5;
the mass ratio of the pullulanase to the corn starch is 4.5-5.5;
the enzymatic activity of the pullulanase is 70-80U/g;
the mass ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the acetic acid buffer solution is 0.8-1.2;
the mass ratio of the starch hydrolysate to the deionized water is 1.
Mixing chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water, adding 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, controlling the stirring speed to be 700-900r/min, stirring for 25-40min, adding glutathione after stirring, adjusting the temperature to be 14-16 ℃, controlling the stirring speed to be 110-150r/min, stirring for 60-80min, and performing rotary evaporation to dryness after stirring to obtain a glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide mixture;
the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the deionized water is 1;
the mass ratio of the 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1.8-2.2;
the mass ratio of the glutathione to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 2.5-3.5.
The method for mixing and freeze-drying comprises the steps of mixing a glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide mixture with a starch hydrolysate solution, adding L-ascorbic acid and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, controlling the stirring speed to be 900-1200r/min, stirring for 80-100min, freeze-drying after stirring is finished, and freeze-drying until the water content is 5.0-6.0wt% to obtain the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation;
the mass ratio of the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide mixture to the starch hydrolysate solution to the L-ascorbic acid to the zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 8-12.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the cultivation method can effectively relieve the weak light stress of winter and spring facility cucumbers in north China and prevent the phenomenon of leaf area increase, and the leaf area is 376-402cm 2 The stem thickness can be prevented from thinning, the stem thickness is 1.12-1.22cm, the stem growth phenomenon can be prevented, the stem length is 348-362cm, the yellow leaf proportion can be reduced, and the yellow leaf proportion is 0.46-0.88%;
the cultivation method can improve the yield and quality of winter and spring facility cucumbers in north China, the yield per mu is 6490-6580 kg/mu, the single weight of the fruits is 239-251g, the fruit length is 51.5-52.4cn, the rate of malformation is 0.86-1.20%, and the proportion of yellowing fruits is 0.69-0.81%.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Cultivation in germination period
After sowing the winter-spring cucumber in a seedling pot, carrying out normal water and fertilizer management until the 1 st true leaf appears, and before the 5 th true leaf appears, controlling the highest temperature not to exceed 25 ℃ and the lowest temperature not to be lower than 20 ℃ during cultivation, controlling the highest humidity not to exceed 85% and the lowest humidity not to be lower than 65% during cultivation.
(2) Cultivation in seedling stage
a. Temperature and humidity control
After the germination period of the cucumber is finished, growing until the leaf primordium is differentiated to 20 sections, controlling the highest temperature not to exceed 27 ℃ and the lowest temperature not to be lower than 18 ℃ during cultivation, controlling the highest humidity not to exceed 90% and the lowest humidity not to be lower than 75% during cultivation;
b. light treatment
Irradiating the cucumber seedlings by using an ultraviolet lamp at 6 a.m. for 40min until the leaf primordia of the cucumber seedlings grow to 5 knots, and then performing ultraviolet irradiation every 3 days until the cucumber seedlings grow to 20 knots;
the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 650nm, the power is 15W, and the irradiation intensity is 40uw/cm 2 The irradiation distance is 1.5m above the cucumber;
c. administration of exogenous substances
Spraying a diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide composite exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of the cucumber seedlings at 16 pm after the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 5 knots, and then spraying the diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide composite exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of the cucumber seedlings in the same spraying mode after the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 15 knots, and carrying out normal water and fertilizer management at the rest time;
the spraying method comprises the following steps: the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation is mixed and diluted with water according to the mass ratio of 1.
(3) Cultivation in early flowering stage
a. Temperature and humidity control
After the seedling stage of the cucumber is finished and the cucumber is planted in a greenhouse facility, controlling the highest temperature not to exceed 27 ℃ and the lowest temperature not to be lower than 18 ℃ during cultivation, controlling the highest humidity not to exceed 95% and the lowest humidity not to be lower than 80% before the cucumber plant grows to the 1 st female flower and sits on the cucumber;
b. administration of exogenous substances
Spraying a diluent of a glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings 10 days after the cucumber is fixedly planted in a greenhouse facility at 16 pm, and performing normal water and fertilizer management at the rest time;
the spraying method comprises the following steps: the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation is mixed and diluted with water according to the mass ratio of 1.
(4) Cultivation in the melon bearing period
a. Temperature and humidity control
After the cucumber plants grow to the 1 st female flower and the cucumber is planted, the cucumber plants are harvested, the highest temperature is controlled not to exceed 25 ℃, the lowest temperature is controlled not to be lower than 12 ℃, the highest humidity is controlled not to exceed 95% and the lowest humidity is controlled not to be lower than 80% during cultivation;
b. administration of exogenous substances
When the cucumber plant grows to the 1 st female flower and sits on the cucumber, spraying a diluent of the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide composite exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings at 16 pm (the ratio of the concentration of glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide to the concentration of the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide in the leaf surface of the cucumber seedling to the concentration of the diluent is below zero), and performing normal water and fertilizer management at the rest time;
the spraying method comprises the following steps: the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation is mixed and diluted with water according to the mass ratio of 1.
The preparation method of the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation comprises the following steps:
a. preparation of starch hydrolysate solution
Mixing corn starch and acetic acid buffer solution, controlling the stirring speed to be 450r/min, stirring for 30min, heating to boil, keeping for 50min in the boiling state, cooling to 40 ℃ after boiling, adding pullulanase for hydrolysis for 12h, adding absolute ethyl alcohol after hydrolysis to separate out starch hydrolysate, centrifugally drying, and mixing the starch hydrolysate with deionized water to obtain starch hydrolysate solution;
the mass ratio of the corn starch to the acetic acid buffer solution is 1;
the pH of the acetic acid buffer solution is 6.3;
the mass ratio of the pullulanase to the corn starch is 5;
the enzymatic activity of the pullulanase is 75U/g;
the mass ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the acetic acid buffer solution is 1;
the mass ratio of the starch hydrolysate to the deionized water is 1;
b. preparation of glutathione Chitosan oligosaccharide mixture
Mixing chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water, adding 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, controlling the stirring speed to be 800r/min, stirring for 30min, adding glutathione after stirring, adjusting the temperature to be 15 ℃, controlling the stirring speed to be 125r/min, stirring for 70min, and rotationally evaporating to dryness after stirring to obtain a glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide mixture;
the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the deionized water is 1;
the mass ratio of the 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1;
the mass ratio of the glutathione to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 3;
c. mixed freeze-drying
Mixing the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide mixture with the starch hydrolysate solution, adding L-ascorbic acid and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, controlling the stirring speed to be 1000r/min, stirring for 90min, freeze-drying after stirring is finished, and freeze-drying until the water content is 5.5wt% to obtain the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation;
the mass ratio of the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide mixture to the starch hydrolysate solution to the L-ascorbic acid to the zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 10.
Example 2
(1) Cultivation in germination period
After sowing the winter-spring cucumber in a seedling pot, carrying out normal water and fertilizer management until the 1 st true leaf appears, and before the 5 th true leaf appears, controlling the highest temperature not to exceed 24 ℃ and the lowest temperature not to be lower than 19 ℃ during cultivation, controlling the highest humidity not to exceed 80% and the lowest humidity not to be lower than 60% during cultivation.
(2) Cultivation in seedling stage
a. Temperature and humidity control
After the germination period of the cucumber is finished, growing until the leaf primordium is differentiated to 20 sections, controlling the highest temperature not to exceed 26 ℃ and the lowest temperature not to be lower than 17 ℃ during cultivation, controlling the highest humidity not to exceed 85% and the lowest humidity not to be lower than 70% during cultivation;
b. light treatment
Irradiating the cucumber seedlings by using an ultraviolet lamp at 6 am for 50min when the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 5 knots, and then performing ultraviolet irradiation every 4 days until the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 20 knots;
the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 630nm, the power is 12W, and the irradiation intensity is 35uw/cm 2 The irradiation distance is 1.4m above the cucumber;
c. administration of exogenous substances
Spraying a diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide composite exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of the cucumber seedlings at 16 th pm when the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 5 days, and then spraying the diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide composite exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of the cucumber seedlings in the same spraying mode when the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 15 days, and carrying out normal water and fertilizer management at the rest time;
the spraying method comprises the following steps: the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation is mixed and diluted with water according to the mass ratio of 1.
(3) Cultivation in early flowering stage
a. Temperature and humidity control
After the seedling stage of the cucumber is finished and the cucumber is planted in a greenhouse facility, controlling the highest temperature not to exceed 26 ℃ and the lowest temperature not to be lower than 17 ℃ during cultivation, controlling the highest humidity not to exceed 90% and the lowest humidity not to be lower than 75% before the cucumber plant grows to the 1 st female flower and sits on the cucumber;
b. administration of exogenous substances
Spraying a diluent of a glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings at 16 pm on the 9 th day after the cucumber is fixedly planted in a greenhouse facility, and performing normal water and fertilizer management at the rest time;
the spraying method comprises the following steps: the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation is mixed and diluted with water according to the mass ratio of 1.
(4) Cultivation in the melon bearing period
a. Temperature and humidity control
After the cucumber plants grow to the 1 st female flower and sit on the cucumber, the cucumber plants are harvested, the highest temperature is controlled not to exceed 24 ℃, the lowest temperature is controlled not to be lower than 11 ℃, the highest humidity is controlled not to exceed 90 percent, and the lowest humidity is controlled not to be lower than 75 percent during cultivation;
b. administration of exogenous substances
When the cucumber plant grows to the 1 st female flower and sits on the cucumber, spraying a diluent of a glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings at 16% in the afternoon, and performing normal water and fertilizer management at the rest time;
the spraying method comprises the following steps: the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation is mixed and diluted with water according to the mass ratio of 1.
The preparation method of the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation comprises the following steps:
a. preparation of starch hydrolysate solution
Mixing corn starch and acetic acid buffer solution, controlling the stirring speed to be 400r/min, stirring for 50min, heating to boil, maintaining for 40min in the boiling state, cooling to 35 ℃ after boiling, adding pullulanase for hydrolysis for 11h, adding absolute ethyl alcohol after hydrolysis to separate out starch hydrolysate, centrifugally drying, and mixing the starch hydrolysate with deionized water to obtain starch hydrolysate solution;
the mass ratio of the corn starch to the acetic acid buffer solution is 1;
the pH of the acetic acid buffer solution is 6.2;
the mass ratio of the pullulanase to the corn starch is 4.5;
the enzymatic activity of the pullulanase is 70U/g;
the mass ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the acetic acid buffer solution is 0.8;
the mass ratio of the starch hydrolysate to the deionized water is 1;
b. preparation of glutathione Chitosan oligosaccharide mixture
Mixing chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water, adding 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, controlling the stirring speed to be 700r/min, stirring for 40min, adding glutathione after stirring, adjusting the temperature to be 14 ℃, controlling the stirring speed to be 110r/min, stirring for 80min, and rotationally evaporating to dryness after stirring to obtain a glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide mixture;
the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the deionized water is 1;
the mass ratio of the 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1.8;
the mass ratio of the glutathione to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 2.5;
c. mixed freeze-drying
Mixing the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide mixture with the starch hydrolysate solution, adding L-ascorbic acid and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, controlling the stirring speed to be 900r/min, stirring for 100min, freeze-drying after stirring is finished, and freeze-drying until the water content is 5.0wt% to obtain the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation;
the mass ratio of the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide mixture to the starch hydrolysate solution to the L-ascorbic acid to the zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 8.
Example 3
(1) Cultivation in germination period
After sowing the winter-spring cucumber in a seedling pot, carrying out normal water and fertilizer management until the 1 st true leaf appears, and before the 5 th true leaf appears, controlling the highest temperature not to exceed 26 ℃ and the lowest temperature not to be lower than 21 ℃ during cultivation, controlling the highest humidity not to exceed 90% and the lowest humidity not to be lower than 70% during cultivation.
(2) Cultivation in seedling stage
a. Temperature and humidity control
After the germination period of the cucumber is finished, growing until the leaf primordium is differentiated to 20 sections, controlling the highest temperature not to exceed 28 ℃ and the lowest temperature not to be lower than 19 ℃ during cultivation, controlling the highest humidity not to exceed 95% and the lowest humidity not to be lower than 80% during cultivation;
b. light treatment
Irradiating the cucumber seedlings by using an ultraviolet lamp at 7 a.m. when the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 5 knots, wherein the irradiation time is 30min, and then performing ultraviolet irradiation every 2 days until the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 20 knots;
the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 660nm, the power is 20W, and the irradiation intensity is 50uw/cm 2 The irradiation distance is 1.6m above the cucumber;
c. administration of exogenous substances
Spraying a diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide composite exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of the cucumber seedlings at 17 th pm when the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 5 days, and then spraying the diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide composite exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of the cucumber seedlings in the same spraying mode when the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 15 days, and carrying out normal water and fertilizer management at the rest time;
the spraying method comprises the following steps: the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation is mixed and diluted with water according to the mass ratio of 1.
(3) Cultivation in early flowering stage
a. Temperature and humidity control
After the seedling stage of the cucumber is finished and the cucumber is planted in a greenhouse facility, controlling the highest temperature not to exceed 28 ℃ and the lowest temperature not to be lower than 19 ℃ during cultivation, controlling the highest humidity not to exceed 96% and the lowest humidity not to be lower than 85% before the cucumber plant grows to the 1 st female flower and sits on the cucumber;
b. administration of exogenous substances
Spraying a diluent of a glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings at 17:00 pm on the 12 th day after the cucumber is fixedly planted in a greenhouse facility, and performing normal water and fertilizer management at the rest time;
the spraying method comprises the following steps: the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation is mixed and diluted with water according to the mass ratio of 1.
(4) Cultivation in the melon bearing period
a. Temperature and humidity control
After the cucumber plants grow to the 1 st female flower and the cucumber is planted, the cucumber plants are harvested, the highest temperature is controlled not to exceed 26 ℃, the lowest temperature is controlled not to be lower than 13 ℃, the highest humidity is controlled not to exceed 96% and the lowest humidity is controlled not to be lower than 85% during cultivation;
b. administration of exogenous substances
When the cucumber plant grows to the 1 st female flower and sits on the cucumber, spraying a diluent of a glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings at 17% in the afternoon, and performing normal water and fertilizer management at the rest time;
the spraying method comprises the following steps: the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation is mixed and diluted with water according to the mass ratio of 1.
The preparation method of the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation comprises the following steps:
a. preparation of starch hydrolysate solution
Mixing corn starch and acetic acid buffer solution, controlling the stirring speed to be 500r/min, stirring for 25min, heating to boil, maintaining for 60min under the boiling state, cooling to 42 ℃, adding pullulanase for hydrolysis for 13h, adding absolute ethyl alcohol after hydrolysis to separate out starch hydrolysate, centrifugally drying, and mixing the starch hydrolysate with deionized water to obtain starch hydrolysate solution;
the mass ratio of the corn starch to the acetic acid buffer solution is 1;
the pH of the acetic acid buffer solution is 6.5;
the mass ratio of the pullulanase to the corn starch is 5.5;
the enzymatic activity of the pullulanase is 80U/g;
the mass ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the acetic acid buffer solution is 1.2;
the mass ratio of the starch hydrolysate to the deionized water is 1;
b. preparation of glutathione Chitosan oligosaccharide mixture
Mixing chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water, adding 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, controlling the stirring speed to be 900r/min, stirring for 25min, adding glutathione after stirring, adjusting the temperature to be 16 ℃, controlling the stirring speed to be 150r/min, stirring for 60min, and rotationally evaporating to dryness after stirring to obtain a glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide mixture;
the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the deionized water is 1;
the mass ratio of the 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1;
the mass ratio of the glutathione to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 3.5;
c. mixed freeze-drying
Mixing the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide mixture with the starch hydrolysate solution, adding L-ascorbic acid and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, controlling the stirring speed to be 1200r/min, stirring for 80min, freeze-drying after the stirring is finished, and freeze-drying until the water content is 6.0wt% to obtain the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation;
the mass ratio of the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide mixture to the starch hydrolysate solution to the L-ascorbic acid to the zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 12.
Comparative example 1
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the step of preparing the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation is omitted, a 1000-time diluent of glutathione is used for replacing the diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation in each step of the cultivation method, and the cultivation is carried out by the same steps.
Comparative example 2
On the basis of example 1, in the seedling stage cultivation step, the light treatment step was omitted, and the cultivation was performed in the same manner as the other steps.
Example 4 Effect of cultivation methods on Stem and leaf traits of cucumber
The cultivation methods of the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 are respectively applied to winter and spring facility cucumber planting, the selected cucumber variety is Yuanfengyuan No. 6, seeding is carried out on 15 days in 10 months, the planting is carried out on greenhouse facilities after the seedling stage, the planting density is 3500 strains/mu, ten groups of a normal growth group (group A) and a shading group (group B) are respectively arranged in the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 after planting, wherein the normal growth group is subjected to normal sunlight, the shading group is 9-00;
example 5 Effect of cultivation method on cucumber yield and quality
The cultivation methods of the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 are respectively applied to planting of cucumbers in winter and spring facilities, the selected cucumber variety is Yuanfengyuan No. 6, the cucumber is sown in 10 months and 15 days, the cucumber is planted in a greenhouse facility after a seedling stage, the planting density is 3500 plants/mu, ten groups of a normal growth group (group A) and a shading group (group B) are respectively arranged in the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 after planting, wherein the normal growth group is subjected to normal sunlight, the shading group is 9 00-16% of the first three days in each week, shading treatment is carried out, the shading degree is set to 40%, the normal illumination is carried out in four days after each week until harvesting, the yield and the quality of the cucumbers are measured and counted, and the statistical result is shown in a table 2;
Claims (4)
1. a cultivation method for improving the weak light resistance of cucumbers is characterized by comprising the steps of germination cultivation, seedling cultivation, early flowering cultivation and cucumber formation cultivation;
the method for cultivating the cucumbers in the germination period comprises the steps of sowing the cucumbers, carrying out normal water and fertilizer management until the 1 st true leaf appears, and controlling the highest temperature not to exceed 24-26 ℃, the lowest temperature not lower than 19-21 ℃, the highest humidity not to exceed 80-90% and the lowest humidity not lower than 60-70% during cultivation before the 5 th true leaf grows out;
the seedling stage cultivation comprises temperature and humidity control, light treatment and exogenous substance application;
the temperature and humidity control method in the seedling stage comprises the steps of growing the cucumber until the leaf primordium is differentiated to 20 nodes after the germination stage of the cucumber is finished, controlling the highest temperature to be not more than 26-28 ℃ and the lowest temperature to be not less than 17-19 ℃ during cultivation, controlling the highest humidity to be not more than 85-95% during cultivation and controlling the lowest humidity to be not less than 70-80%;
the illumination treatment method comprises the following steps of irradiating the cucumber seedlings by using an ultraviolet lamp at a speed of 6-7 a.m. from 00 to 00 a when the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 5 knots, wherein the irradiation time is 30-50min, and then performing ultraviolet irradiation every 2-4 days until the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 20 knots;
the ultraviolet lamp has a wavelength of 630-660nm, a power of 12-20W, and an irradiation intensity of 35-50uw/cm 2 The irradiation distance is 1.4-1.6m above the cucumber;
the method for applying the exogenous substance in the seedling stage comprises the steps of spraying a diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide composite exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of the cucumber seedlings at a speed of between 00 and 00 < 16 >:17 > in the afternoon when the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 5 knots, spraying the diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide composite exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of the cucumber seedlings in the same spraying mode after the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 15 knots, and carrying out normal water and fertilizer management at the rest time;
the spraying method in the seedling stage and the melon bearing stage comprises the following steps: mixing and diluting the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation and water according to the mass ratio of 1 to 400-600, and spraying the mixture on the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings, wherein the spraying amount is 14-16 kg/mu;
the cultivation in the initial flowering period comprises temperature and humidity control and exogenous substance application;
the method for controlling the temperature and the humidity in the initial flowering stage comprises the steps of controlling the highest temperature to be not more than 26-28 ℃, the lowest temperature to be not less than 17-19 ℃, the highest humidity to be not more than 90-96% and the lowest humidity to be not less than 75-85% during cultivation after the cucumber seedling stage is finished and is planted in a greenhouse until the cucumber plant grows to the 1 st female flower and sits on the cucumber;
the method for applying the exogenous substance in the early flowering phase comprises the following steps of spraying a diluent of a glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings at a speed of (00-00) 16 in the afternoon in 9-12 days after the cucumber is fixedly planted in a greenhouse facility, and carrying out normal water and fertilizer management in the rest time;
the spraying method in the initial flowering phase comprises the following steps: mixing and diluting the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation and water according to the mass ratio of 1 to 400-600, and spraying the mixture on the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings, wherein the spraying amount is 18-25 kg/mu;
the melon growing period cultivation comprises temperature and humidity control and exogenous substance application;
the temperature and humidity control method in the melon bearing period comprises the steps that after cucumber plants grow to 1 st female flower and sit on the cucumber, the cucumber plants are harvested, the highest temperature is controlled not to exceed 24-26 ℃ and the lowest temperature is not lower than 11-13 ℃ during cultivation, the highest humidity is controlled not to exceed 90-96% and the lowest humidity is not lower than 75-85% during cultivation;
the method for applying the exogenous substance in the melon-bearing period comprises the following steps of spraying a diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings at a speed of (00-00) in the afternoon when the cucumber plants grow to the 1 st female flower and sit in the cucumber, and carrying out normal water and fertilizer management at the rest time;
the preparation method of the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation comprises the steps of preparing a starch hydrolysate solution, preparing a glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide mixture, mixing and freeze-drying;
the method for preparing the starch hydrolysate solution comprises the steps of mixing corn starch and an acetic acid buffer solution, controlling the stirring speed to be 400-500r/min, stirring for 25-50min, heating to boil, keeping the temperature for 40-60min in the boiling state, cooling to 35-42 ℃ after boiling, adding pullulanase for hydrolysis for 11-13h, adding absolute ethyl alcohol after hydrolysis is completed to separate out the starch hydrolysate, and mixing the starch hydrolysate with deionized water after centrifugal drying to obtain the starch hydrolysate solution.
2. The cultivation method for improving the weak light resistance of cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the corn starch to the acetic acid buffer solution is 1;
the pH value of the acetic acid buffer solution is 6.2-6.5;
the mass ratio of the pullulanase to the corn starch is 4.5-5.5;
the enzymatic activity of the pullulanase is 70-80U/g;
the mass ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the acetic acid buffer solution is 0.8-1.2;
the mass ratio of the starch hydrolysate to the deionized water is 1.
3. The cultivation method for improving the weak light resistance of cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
mixing chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water, adding 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, controlling the stirring speed to be 700-900r/min, stirring for 25-40min, adding glutathione after stirring, adjusting the temperature to be 14-16 ℃, controlling the stirring speed to be 110-150r/min, stirring for 60-80min, and rotationally evaporating to dryness after stirring to obtain a glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide mixture;
the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the deionized water is 1;
the mass ratio of the 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1.8-2.2;
the mass ratio of the glutathione to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 2.5-3.5.
4. The cultivation method for improving the weak light resistance of cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
the method for mixing and freeze-drying comprises the steps of mixing a glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide mixture with a starch hydrolysate solution, adding L-ascorbic acid and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, controlling the stirring speed to be 900-1200r/min, stirring for 80-100min, freeze-drying after stirring is finished, and freeze-drying until the water content is 5.0-6.0wt% to obtain the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation;
the mass ratio of the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide mixture to the starch hydrolysate solution to the L-ascorbic acid to the zinc sulfate heptahydrate is (8-12).
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