CN116253851B - 骨科测试用聚氨酯材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
骨科测试用聚氨酯材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116253851B CN116253851B CN202211347003.3A CN202211347003A CN116253851B CN 116253851 B CN116253851 B CN 116253851B CN 202211347003 A CN202211347003 A CN 202211347003A CN 116253851 B CN116253851 B CN 116253851B
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- polyurethane
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种骨科测试用聚氨酯材料的制备方法,步骤为:将包含多元醇组合物的原料I与包含多异氰酸酯的原料II混合后注入模具中,所述原料I与所述原料II反应的乳白时间为25~50s,异氰酸酯指数为0.85~1.15。本申请还公开了采用上述制备方法所制备的骨科测试用聚氨酯材料,以及该骨科测试用聚氨酯材料在骨科器械测试领域的应用。采用该制备方法所制备的骨科测试用聚氨酯材料具有较高的尺寸稳定性,厚度平均变化百分率<4.3%。所制得的骨科测试用聚氨酯材料在特定的密度条件下兼顾较好的尺寸稳定性和螺钉拔出强度,且各项性能符合标准ASTM F1839的要求,能够用于骨科器械测试领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料的技术领域,具体涉及一种骨科测试用聚氨酯材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
聚氨酯材料因其密度分布和可设计性等特征,可用于制备骨替代物材料,满足骨科测试用途。为了与人类松质骨的力学性能相似,ASTM F1839对聚氨酯材料的各项性能均提出了明确的要求,例如对于最低密度等级的聚氨酯材料,需要同时满足芯密度72.1~88.10kg/cm3,尺寸稳定性小于5.0%,螺钉拔出强度需达到56~176N。
由于对密度分布和力学性能等指标的特殊要求,使用常规的聚氨酯材料作为骨科测试用材料时,存在以下几个方面的问题:(1)密度分布不均匀,造成尺寸稳定性差;(2)密度、尺寸稳定性和螺钉拔出强度难以兼顾。
发明内容
为提供能够满足标准ASTM F1839要求的聚氨酯材料,本申请首先提供了一种骨科测试用聚氨酯材料的制备方法,该制备方法包括以下步骤:
将包含多元醇组合物的原料I与包含多异氰酸酯的原料II混合后注入模具中,所述原料I与所述原料II反应的乳白时间为25~50s,异氰酸酯指数为0.85~1.15。
本申请的发明人在研究中意外发现,通过乳白时间和异氰酸酯指数的相互配合,可以使得生产聚氨酯的反应物料在模具中填充完全并减少漏料,特别是当乳白时间为25~50s,异氰酸酯指数为0.85~1.15时,所获得的聚氨酯材料具有较好的密度分布均匀性,厚度平均变化百分率较小。异氰酸酯指数是指多异氰酸酯的反应基团与多元醇组合物中的反应基团的摩尔比,即多异氰酸酯的反应基团NCO与多元醇组合物的反应基团OH的摩尔比。
原料I中的多元醇组合物包括多元醇、泡沫稳定剂、催化剂、交联剂和水,对乳白时间的调控可通过催化剂来实现,本发明使用本领域常规的催化剂即可,催化剂包括胺类催化剂和/或有机金属盐类催化剂,根据催化剂作用的不同又可分为发泡催化剂、凝胶催化剂和三聚催化剂,发泡催化剂可选自双(二甲氨基乙基)醚、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、四甲基己二胺、三乙胺、三丁胺等;凝胶催化剂可选自三亚乙基二胺、N-甲基二环己基胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉、N,N’-二甲基苄胺、1,2-二甲基咪唑、N-甲基咪唑、二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、N,N-二甲基环已胺等;三聚催化剂可选自1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)-六氢三嗪、2,4,6-三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚、异辛酸钾、乙酸钾等。将上述几种不同作用的催化剂复合使用,有利于对泡孔的形状和分布进行调控,使其满足骨科测试用聚氨酯材料的密度分布要求。优选所述催化剂复合使用时,以所述多元醇组合物的总质量为基准,所述发泡催化剂的用量为0~0.8wt%,以将聚氨酯反应的乳白时间控制在25~50s。即可以取消添加发泡催化剂,但其用量最高不超过0.8wt%。
本发明所述原料I可以是仅仅由多元醇组合物组成,也可以是多元醇组合物与物理发泡剂组成,也可以是多元醇组合物与未归入多元醇组合物的其它助剂组成,也可以是多元醇组合物与物理发泡剂和其它助剂组成。所述原料II可以是仅仅由多异氰酸酯组成,也可以是多异氰酸酯与物理发泡剂组成,也可以是多异氰酸酯与成核剂、泡沫稳定剂等助剂组成,也可以是多异氰酸酯与物理发泡剂和助剂组成。
本发明优选的更具体的操作包括如下步骤:
(1)将多元醇、泡沫稳定剂、催化剂、交联剂、水和其它原料混合,获得多元醇组合物,将全部或部分物理发泡剂与多元醇组合物混合获得原料I;若有物理发泡剂剩余,则将剩余的物理发泡剂与多异氰酸酯混合获得原料II,若无物理发泡剂剩余,则将多异氰酸酯当做原料II;
(2)将原料I与原料II混合后注入模具中,成型熟化后,获得带表皮的聚氨酯样块;
(3)切除表层后获得骨科测试用聚氨酯。
其中,步骤(1)中的其它原料是指除多元醇、泡沫稳定剂、催化剂、交联剂和水以外的化合物,可以为成核剂、阻燃剂、着色剂、防老剂、促生物降解剂等,采用本领域所通用的化合物种类即可。所述成核剂可选自全氟烯烃、全氟烷烃、含氟烷基醚等物质,若聚氨酯材料中使用了成核剂,则在步骤(1)中还可将全部或部分成核剂与多异氰酸酯混合获得原料II。
进一步的,优选步骤(1)中各原料按如下质量比例进行反应:多元醇组合物45~52wt%,物理发泡剂1.4~4.2wt%,多异氰酸酯46~53wt%,上述各组分的总量为100wt%。其中的物理发泡剂单独计算,即在计算多元醇组合物的比例时,即使部分或全部物理发泡剂预先混合在多元醇组合物和/或多异氰酸酯中时,物理发泡剂的比例包括单独添加的物理发泡剂、预混在多元醇组合物与多异氰酸酯中的物理发泡剂。在计算多元醇组合物的比例时,将其中的物理发泡剂扣除。在计算多异氰酸酯的比例时,将其中的物理发泡剂扣除。
步骤II中的模具可以是敞口的也可以是密封的,注入到模具中的原料I和原料II的总物料量可以是恰填充的也可以是过充的,恰填充即注入的总物料刚好可以将模具填充完全,通常将此时的总物料量记为恰填充量,过充即注入的总物料大于恰填充量,通常用过填充量表示,即实际注料量超出恰填充量的百分比。在采用同一配方体系的情况下,过充量越多,则在同一模具中所制得的聚氨酯材料的密度越高,因此,可以通过过充量对聚氨酯材料的密度进行调节,直至达到目标密度值。在过充时,模具一定时密封的。
本发明可使用的泡沫稳定剂为聚醚改性有机硅类表面活性剂,其含有聚硅氧烷-氧化烯烃前段或接枝共聚物,该类物质具有较低的表面性能,能够促进物料的分散并提高物料间的相容性,同时还有利于均匀细腻泡孔的形成。可选自美思德的AK8805、AK8830、AK8818、AK8815、AK8485、AK8812、AK8809等,赢创的B8460、B8462、B8461、B8544、B8494、B8532、B8471、B8474、B8476、B8481、B8465,迈图的L6900、L6863、L6912、L6988等。
进一步的,所述多元醇组合物的平均羟值为380~490mgKOH/g,所述多元醇组合物中含有交联剂,所述交联剂的官能度≥2,且交联剂的数均分子量≤400。。
研究意外发现,在较高羟值(平均羟值为380~490mgKOH/g)和特定交联剂(官能度≥2并且分子量≤400)的协同作用下,多元醇组合物与异氰酸酯反应能够形成对螺钉拔出强度有利的交联密度和泡孔形状,有利于保证聚氨酯材料在螺钉进入时保持完整,并且便于在特定的密度范围内对螺钉拔出强度进行调整,使其满足相关密度等级聚氨酯材料的螺钉拔出力要求。
本发明所述的交联剂是指能够使得聚氨酯产生交联网络结构的低分子量化合物,所述低分子量是指分子量≤400,交联剂优选官能度≥2,且能够与异氰酸酯发生反应的含有活泼氢的低分子量化合物,本发明优选醇类交联剂和醇胺类交联剂。其中的醇类交联剂可选自C1~C6烷基醇、低分子量聚己内酯多元醇、含有醚键的低分子量多元醇,本发明所述的含有醚键的低分子量多元醇是指由含活泼氢的化合物与氧化烯烃反应获得的低分子量多元醇,可以是低分子量的聚醚多元醇或低分子量的非聚醚多元醇。低分子量的非聚醚多元醇按如下物料比例制得:所述氧化烯烃与所述含活泼氢的化合物的摩尔比值小于等于所述含活泼氢的化合物的官能度。以季戊四醇与氧化丙烯反应所得的低分子量的非聚醚多元醇为例,季戊四醇的官能度为4,因此,其反应物料的比例为氧化丙烯与季戊四醇的摩尔比≤4,即由此制得的低分子量的非聚醚多元醇为1摩尔季戊四醇与≤4摩尔的氧化丙烯的反应产物。C1~C6烷基醇可选自乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷或季戊四醇等物料中至少一种。醇胺类可选自三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺或乙醇胺等物料中至少一种。进一步的,为了兼顾较好的压缩模量,优选所述交联剂的官能度为2~4,当量为20~133,本发明所述的当量是指每一个化合物分子中单位官能度所对应的分子量。
进一步的,以所述多元醇组合物的总质量为基准,所述交联剂的质量占比为0.2~18.3wt%。
由于骨科测试用聚氨酯材料的特殊性,其对螺钉拔出强度的要求也不是越高越好,需要在一定的密度等级范围内满足特定螺钉拔出能力,因此,对交联剂的质量占比进行了优选,以所述多元醇组合物的总质量为基准,所述交联剂的质量占比为0.2~18.3wt%时,可满足骨科测试用聚氨酯材料的相关要求。另外,对于不同密度等级的骨科测试用聚氨酯材料,其对螺钉拔出强度的要求也不相同,对于芯密度为72~176kg/m3的骨科测试用聚氨酯材料,其对螺钉拔出强度的要求为56N≤螺钉拔出力≤453N;对于密度为176~350kg/m3的骨科测试用聚氨酯材料,其对螺钉拔出强度的要求为309N≤螺钉拔出力≤1310N;对于密度为350~440kg/m3的骨科测试用聚氨酯材料,其对螺钉拔出强度的要求为1125N≤螺钉拔出力≤1890N。
在目前,对应于不同密度等级的骨科测试用聚氨酯材料,为了满足不同的螺钉拔出强度要求,需要进行大量的试验,以获得相应的原料配方。利用本申请,能够在保持配方其它组分不变的情况下,仅调整其中的交联剂的种类和/或用量,即可在保证材料密度仍处于要求等级范围内,获得不同螺钉拔出强度的聚氨酯材料。
优选骨科测试用聚氨酯材料的芯密度<179kg/m3时,以所述多元醇组合物的总质量为基准,所述交联剂的质量占比为0.2~8.9wt%;骨科测试用聚氨酯材料的芯密度为179~350kg/m3时,以所述多元醇组合物的总质量为基准,所述交联剂的质量占比为1~12wt%;骨科测试用聚氨酯材料的芯密度>350kg/m3时,以所述多元醇组合物的总质量为基准,所述交联剂的质量占比为5~18.3wt%。在上述各芯密度范围内,仅仅需要调整配方中的交联剂的质量比,即可调整聚氨酯材料的不同螺钉拔出强度,而聚氨酯材料的芯密度仍保持在上述各范围内。
本发明所使用的多元醇为聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇,本发明的聚醚多元醇使用本领域公知的均可,通常是以低分子量多元醇、多元胺或活泼氢的化合物为起始剂,与环氧化合物在催化剂作用下开环聚合而成,所述环氧化合物可选自环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷、环氧环戊烷、环氧环己烷等。所述起始剂可选自蔗糖、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、山梨醇、甘露醇、木糖醇、芳香族胺类、脂肪族胺类、烷基醇类、醇胺类等。进一步的,所述聚醚多元醇包括聚醚多元醇A和聚醚多元醇B,所述聚醚多元醇A的官能度为5~8,分子量为700~1300,所述聚醚多元醇B的官能度为2~4,分子量为400~800。聚醚多元醇A和聚醚多元醇B的配合使用,可以兼顾聚氨酯反应原液的流动性以及聚氨酯泡沫材料的交联密度,防止泡沫发脆或表面过软,避免聚氨酯泡沫在切割过程中变形或破损。进一步优选所述聚醚多元醇A和所述聚醚多元醇B形成的混合物的平均官能度为3~5,以聚醚多元醇A和聚醚多元醇B的总质量为基准,聚醚多元醇A的质量占比为5-40%,以兼顾密度分布均匀性和压缩模量。聚醚多元醇A过多时,导致体系粘度增速过快,流动性差,聚氨酯材料的密度分布不均匀。聚醚多元醇A过少时,导致交联度不够,聚氨酯材料的压缩强度等指标变差。
所述聚酯多元醇即含酯基或碳酸酯基的化合物,可以选自常规聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇等,其中常规聚酯多元醇通常是由多元羧酸(或酸酐或酯)与多元醇(或多元醇胺)反应制得。进一步的,为了兼顾更好的剪切强度和剪切模量,本发明所述聚酯多元醇优选含有苯环的聚酯多元醇,如苯酐聚酯多元醇等。
进一步地,为防止聚氨酯表面或内部开裂,并兼顾聚氨酯反应物料的流动性,所述多元醇组合物中含有水,以所述多元醇组合物的总质量为基准,水的质量占比≥0.1wt%且≤1.0wt%。本发明所述的水是多元醇组合物中水的总含量,包括外加的水以及原料自带的水。
所述原料I和/或所述原料II中含有物理发泡剂,本发明中的物理发泡剂可选自本领域所公知的物理发泡剂,具体可选自烷烃类化合物、氟烯烃类化合物、氢氟烃类化合物、二氧化碳、含1~5个碳原子的醇类、含1~4个碳原子的醛类、含1~4个碳原子的醚类或二醚类、有机酸或有机酸酯类,其中,烷烃类化合物优选沸点在-45℃~100℃的烷烃,如环戊烷、异戊烷、正戊烷、新戊烷等戊烷,正丁烷、异丁烷等丁烷,正己烷及其同分异构体、正庚烷及其同分异构体等,氟烯烃类化合物是指未被卤素原子取代的氟烯烃类化合物或被卤素原子取代的氟烯烃类化合物,未被卤素原子取代的氟烯烃类化合物优选一氟丙烯、二氟丙烯、三氟丙烯、四氟丙烯、五氟丙烯、六氟丙烯、一氟丁烯、二氟丁烯、三氟丁烯、四氟丁烯、五氟丁烯、六氟丁烯、七氟丁烯、八氟丁烯、八氟戊烯或二氟乙烯等,被卤素原子取代的氟烯烃类化合物指碳原子上的氢被一个或几个卤素所取代,如氯取代的三氟丙烯、氯取代的四氟丙烯等;氢氟烃类化合物可选自五氟丙烷、五氟丁烷、二氟乙烷或四氟乙烷等。进一步的,为了减少被切割表面的气孔数量,本发明优选物理发泡剂含有反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯、戊烷、甲酸甲酯中的至少一种。
进一步的,所述多异氰酸酯包括多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯、或改性的多异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
本发明所述的多异氰酸酯使用本领域公知的即可,可以为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(简称为聚合MDI)、改性的多异氰酸酯等,当选用两种以上多异氰酸酯时,可以采用其任意比例的混合。优选平均官能度为2.7~2.9的聚合MDI,以兼顾交联密度,提高尺寸稳定性。平均官能度为2.7的聚合MDI可选自PM200、44v20L、M20s、PM2010的任意一种,平均官能度为2.9的聚合MDI可选自M50、PM400、44V40L、2085的任意一种。改性的多异氰酸酯是指采用多元醇与多异氰酸酯发生反应制得的NCO基团富余的物质,所采用的多元醇可以是以甘油、乙二醇、二甘醇、季戊四醇等为起始剂的聚醚多元醇,或者是苯酐聚酯多元醇,也可以采用生物基多元醇。生物基多元醇即以大豆油、蓖麻油、菜籽油、小桐子油、橄榄油、棕榈油或上述物质的衍生物等为原料而制备的多元醇化合物,如蓖麻油多元醇、橄榄油多元醇、棕榈油多元醇、蓖麻油衍生物多元醇等。
进一步的,为了防止聚氨酯材料的芯部或表皮开裂,优选所述模具的内表面温度为30~50℃。
其次,本申请还提供了采用上述任意一项所述的技术方案所制备的骨科测试用聚氨酯材料。该骨科测试用聚氨酯材料满足标准ASTM F1839中的性能指标要求。
在生产聚氨酯材料时,聚氨酯反应物料是由模具的底部向上生长,在重力的作用下使得材料存在一段从下向上密度逐渐降低的分布区域,随着原料过充量的增加,聚氨酯反应物料在模具的顶部堆积并改变生长方向,因此,在模具顶板的阻碍作用下使得材料存在一段从上向下密度逐渐降低的分布区域,因此适当控制原料的过充量,能够使聚氨酯材料在高度方向上具有较为均匀的密封分布,或者具有差距较大的密度分布,对于差距较大的密度分布的聚氨酯材料,则可对其进行适当切割,以利用同一块聚氨酯材料一次同时制成多块密度等级不同的骨科测试用聚氨酯材料。
最后,本申请提供上述骨科测试用聚氨酯材料在骨科器械测试领域的应用。以使上述骨科测试用聚氨酯材料用于骨科器械的测试,能够方便、准确的评估骨科器械的性能,本发明所述的骨科器械是指专门用于骨科手术的专业医疗器械,包括但不限于骨科用刀、剪、钳、钩、针、刮、锥、钻、锯、凿、锉、铲、螺钉等。
总体而言,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)采用本发明的制备方法,所制备的骨科测试用聚氨酯材料具有较高的尺寸稳定性,厚度平均变化百分率<4.3%。
(2)本发明所制得的骨科测试用聚氨酯材料在特定的密度条件下兼顾较好的尺寸稳定性和螺钉拔出强度,且各项性能符合标准ASTM F1839的要求,能够用于骨科器械测试领域。
具体实施方式:
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
本发明所使用的部分原料如下:
(1)聚醚多元醇A
聚醚多元醇A1:自制,起始剂为蔗糖,分子量为701,官能度为8;
聚醚多元醇A2:自制,起始剂为木糖醇,分子量为1302,官能度为5;
聚醚多元醇A3:自制,起始剂为蔗糖和乙二醇,分子量为1013,官能度为6;
聚醚多元醇A4:自制,起始剂为山梨醇,分子量为805,官能度为6;
聚醚多元醇A5:自制,起始剂为蔗糖和甘油,分子量为751,官能度为7。
(2)聚醚多元醇B
聚醚多元醇B1:自制,起始剂为季戊四醇,分子量为459,官能度为4;
聚醚多元醇B2:自制,起始剂为丙二醇,分子量为800,官能度为2;
聚醚多元醇B3:自制,起始剂为1,4-丁二醇,分子量为553,官能度为2;
聚醚多元醇B4:自制,起始剂为蔗糖和二甘醇,分子量为707,官能度为3;
聚醚多元醇B5:自制,起始剂为甘油,分子量为400,官能度为3;
聚醚多元醇B6:自制,起始剂为甲苯二胺,分子量为652,官能度为4。
(3)聚醚多元醇C
聚醚多元醇C1:自制,起始剂为蔗糖和甘油,分子量为1458,官能度为7;
聚醚多元醇C2:自制,起始剂为甘油,分子量为967,官能度为3;
聚醚多元醇C3:自制,起始剂为甲苯二胺,分子量为900,官能度为4。
(4)苯酐聚酯多元醇
自制,起始剂为二甘醇,分子量为280,官能度为3。
(5)交联剂
交联剂C1:三羟甲基丙烷,分子量为134,官能度为3;
交联剂C2:一缩二乙二醇,分子量为106,官能度为2;
交联剂C3:自制含有醚键的低分子量多元醇,由三乙醇胺与环氧乙烷按摩尔比为1:3制备而得,分子量为270,官能度为2.97;
交联剂C4:自制含有醚键的低分子量多元醇,由季戊四醇与环氧丙烷按摩尔比为1:4制备而得,分子量为365,官能度为3.92;
交联剂C5:自制含有醚键的低分子量多元醇,由乙二胺与环氧丙烷按摩尔比为1:4制备而得,分子量为290,官能度为4;
交联剂C6:自制低分子量聚醚多元醇,由甘油与环氧丙烷按摩尔比为1:5.2制备而得,分子量为400,官能度为2.8;
交联剂C7:聚己内酯多元醇3031,起始剂为三羟甲基丙烷,分子量300,官能度为2.99;
交联剂C8:乙醇胺,分子量为61,官能度为3;
交联剂C9:二乙醇胺,分子量为105,官能度为3;
交联剂C10:自制低分子量聚醚多元醇,由甘油与环氧丙烷按摩尔比为1:13制备而得,分子量为800,官能度为2.8。
(6)多异氰酸酯
MDI-1:平均官能度为2.7的聚合MDI,M20s;
MDI-2:平均官能度为2.9的聚合MDI,44V40L。
本发明中水的质量占比采用GB/T 22313中的方法进行。
本发明产品等级的划分按照ASTM F1839中的规定进行。
本发明中芯密度、尺寸稳定性、压缩强度、压缩模量、剪切强度、剪切模量、螺钉拔出强度等性能按照ASTM F1839中的规定进行检测。
本发明表面状况是指聚氨酯材料切除表皮后所得样品的表面是否存在>6mm的孔洞或裂痕,若有则为表面状况差,若无则为表面状况好。
本发明聚氨酯材料的制备方法可采用本领域的常规方式进行,也可采用工艺优化的方案进行,为了便于举例说明,本发明将采用本领域的常规方式制备聚氨酯材料,即将多元醇组合物混合均匀后,再与物理发泡剂混合获得原料I,然后再与多异氰酸酯高速搅拌混合并注入模具中,固化成型后获得聚氨酯材料。
具体方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将多元醇、泡沫稳定剂、催化剂、交联剂、水和其它原料混合,获得多元醇组合物,将全部物理发泡剂与多元醇组合物混合获得原料I;
(2)将原料I与多异氰酸酯混合后注入模具中,成型熟化后,获得带表皮的聚氨酯样块;
(3)切除表层后获得骨科测试用聚氨酯。
可以理解,在另一实施例中,还可以将物理发泡剂分为两部分,其中的一部分物理发泡剂与多元醇组合物预混,形成多元醇预混物,另一部作物理发泡剂为单独组分的物理发泡剂,然后再将多元醇预混物、单独组分的物理发泡剂和多异氰酸酯进行高速搅拌混合后注入模具中。
需要说明的是,在制备聚氨酯材料时,对模具的大小、切除的表层的厚度没有特别的要求,只要能够实现目标密度即可,因此本发明在此对模具的大小不做具体限定,为了清楚完整的说明在此仅列举一种模具的尺寸,即长(L)为20cm、宽(W)为15cm、高(H)为6cm的模具I,采用本发明的原料及制备方法在模具I中获得带结皮的聚氨酯样块,然后沿样块的六个表面切除厚度为1cm的表层即可获得尺寸为18cm﹡13cm*4cm的骨科测试用聚氨酯。
本发明实施例1~14及对比例1~6采用上述方法制备1种密度等级的聚氨酯材料,其所使用的多元醇组合物配方如表1、表2所示。
表1实施例1~8和对比例1~2多元醇组合物配方
表2实施例9~14和对比例3~6多元醇组合物配方
本发明实施例1~14及对比例1~6采用表3、表4中的原料进行聚氨酯材料的制备。
表3实施例1~8和对比例1~2多元醇组合物配方
表4实施例9~14和对比例3~6多元醇组合物配方
在制备骨科测试聚氨酯材料的时候发现,当模具内表面的温度低于30℃时,难以熟化完全,当温度高于50℃时,聚氨酯材料的芯部或表面开裂,因此,本发明实施例和对比例使用的模具内表面的温度为30~50℃。对制得的聚氨酯材料进行性能表征,结果如表5、表6所示。
表5实施例1~8和对比例1~2聚氨酯材料的性能
从表5中的数据可以看出,当乳白时间为25~50s,异氰酸酯指数为0.85~1.15时,所获得的聚氨酯材料具有较好的密度分布均匀性,厚度平均变化百分率较小,均小于5.0%,而对比例1在异氰酸酯指数高于1.15时的尺寸稳定性较差,芯密度为303kg/cm3时厚度平均变化百分率为5.3%,对比例2在乳白时间小于25s时的尺寸稳定性也差,芯密度为80kg/cm3时厚度平均变化百分率为9.7%。
另外,从实施例1~3的数据可以看出,虽然其各项指标满足ASTM F1839在相应密度等级下对聚氨酯材料的性能要求,但螺钉拔出力明显差与实施例4~8,具体表现在,实施例1~3需要在较高的密度水平下才能满足对螺钉拔出力的最低要求,如对于等级为20的聚氨酯材料,其芯密度的要求为288.5~352.5kg/cm3,螺钉拔出力的要求为770~1310N,实施例1制得的聚氨酯材料在芯密度为350kg/cm3,螺钉拔出力仅为770N。而实施例3~8通过对多元醇组合物羟值、交联剂等原料的优化,使得螺钉拔出力有所提升。
为了进一步优化技术方案,本发明还提供了便捷的调整螺钉拔出力的实施方式,如表6所示。
表6实施例9~14和对比例3~6聚氨酯材料的性能
注:*表示螺钉进入聚氨酯材料时,聚氨酯材料破裂。
从表6可以看出,本发明仅通过交联剂即可调整螺钉拔出力,并获得性能满足要求的骨科测试用聚氨酯材料,实现了在特定密度范围内对螺钉拔出力的便捷、有效调整。而对比例的芯密度虽然达到了等级12的要求,但由于其使用的多元醇组合物不满足本发明关于平均羟值、交联剂官能度、交联剂分子量等的限定特征,使制得的聚氨酯材料在较低的密度和较高的密度条件下均未获得合格的螺钉拔出力,更无法实现对螺钉拔出力的便捷、有效调整。
Claims (7)
1.骨科测试用聚氨酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将包含多元醇组合物的原料I与包含多异氰酸酯的原料II混合后注入模具中,所述原料I与所述原料II反应的乳白时间为25~50s,异氰酸酯指数为0.85~1.15;
所述多元醇组合物的平均羟值为380~490mgKOH/g,所述多元醇组合物中含有交联剂,所述交联剂的官能度≥2,且交联剂的数均分子量≤400;
所述模具的内表面温度为30~50℃;
所述原料I和/或所述原料II中含有物理发泡剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述多元醇组合物中含有聚醚多元醇A和聚醚多元醇B,所述聚醚多元醇A的官能度为5~8,聚醚多元醇A的分子量为700~1300,所述聚醚多元醇B的官能度为2~4,聚醚多元醇B的分子量为400~800。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述多元醇组合物中含有水,以所述多元醇组合物的总质量为基准,水的质量占比≥0.1wt%且≤1.0wt%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述物理发泡剂含有反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯、戊烷、甲酸甲酯中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述多异氰酸酯包括平均官能度为2.7~2.9的多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯。
6.采用权利要求1-5任一项所述的制备方法所制备的骨科测试用聚氨酯材料。
7.权利要求6所述的骨科测试用聚氨酯材料在骨科器械测试领域的应用。
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