CN116177991A - 一种利用多种劣质原料制备抛釉户外砖的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用多种劣质原料制备抛釉户外砖的方法 Download PDF

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CN116177991A
CN116177991A CN202310230967.8A CN202310230967A CN116177991A CN 116177991 A CN116177991 A CN 116177991A CN 202310230967 A CN202310230967 A CN 202310230967A CN 116177991 A CN116177991 A CN 116177991A
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陈婧
余峰
石纪军
程磊
万萍
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Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种利用多种劣质原料制备抛釉户外砖的方法,坯体层粉料通过采用合理的原料配方可为抛釉砖提供防滑、净化空气、保健养生等功效;底釉层原料通过采用合理的原料配方不仅提高了始熔温度,还有效保证了坯釉结合性能;面釉层原料通过采用合理的原料配方和控制釉料比重不仅降低了膨胀系数,同时还提升了釉面光泽度和耐磨性能;采用了高温保温的方式提升了砖体的强度和釉面的平整度,采用全抛釉工艺实现了砖体表面的防滑功效。本发明以稀土尾砂和煤矸石为主要原料制备抛釉户外砖,有效实现了废弃物的资源化利用,显著降低了瓷砖生产成本,扩宽了釉面砖的应用领域,因此具有广阔的市场前景。

Description

一种利用多种劣质原料制备抛釉户外砖的方法
技术领域
本发明属于无机非金属材料(陶瓷)领域,具体涉及一种利用多种劣质原料制备抛釉户外砖的方法。
背景技术
抛釉陶瓷砖是传统抛光砖在表层施釉后抛光的产物,与传统抛光砖相比,抛釉陶瓷砖产品不仅具有良好的抗污性,而且在花色上更为丰富,瓷砖高温烧制后,具有花纹色彩鲜艳,花色品种多样,纹理自然等特点。自从2010年喷墨印刷技术和镜面全抛工艺在建筑陶瓷生产中广泛使用后,抛釉陶瓷砖的性能得到完美升级,产品集合了抛光砖、仿古砖、瓷片三种产品的优势,具备了抛光砖的光泽度、瓷质硬度,同时也拥有仿古砖的釉面高仿效果,以及瓷片釉面丰富的视觉效果。但是由于抛釉陶瓷砖表面过于光滑因此不适合在户外使用,严重限制了抛釉陶瓷砖的使用范围。同时目前我国稀土尾砂、煤矸石存在日益增多现象,造成了水土流失和环境污染,因此如何合理利用劣质原料已成为需要急迫解决的社会问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提出一种利用多种劣质原料制备抛釉户外砖的方法,其不仅具备抛釉砖的优良性能,又具有防滑功效。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:一种利用多种劣质原料制备抛釉户外砖的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)坯体层粉料的制备:
所述坯体层粉料组成的质量百分比为:煤矸石25~35%、稀土尾砂20~30%、高岭土5~10%、钾长石15~20%、白云石5~10%、石英15~20%;
所述坯体层粉料的制备工序为:先将稀土尾砂经过破碎、磨碎、酸洗、干燥获得粉料备用,煤矸石经过破碎、培烧、磨碎、酸洗、干燥获得粉料备用,然后按坯体层粉料配方称量原料,混合均匀后装入球磨设备内球磨,出磨浆料过150目筛后导入干燥塔进行干燥,制得坯体层粉料;
(2)底釉层原料的制备:
所述底釉层原料组成的质量百分比为:
高岭土10~15份、氧化铝5~10份、硅灰石10~15份、方解石10~15份、锂长石10~15份、硅酸锆15~20份、石英25~30份;
所述底釉层原料的制备工序为:按底釉层配方称量原料,混合均匀后装入球磨设备内球磨,出磨浆料过200目筛后搅拌均匀,制成底釉层原料备用;
(3)面釉层原料的制备:
所述面釉层原料组成的质量百分比为:高岭土15~20份、氧化铝15~20份、硅灰石5~10份、方解石5~10份、锂长石15~20份、石英15~20份、氧化锌5~10份、碳酸锶2~5份;
所述面釉层原料制备工序为:按面釉层配方称量原料,混合均匀后装入球磨设备内球磨,出磨浆料过200目筛后搅拌均匀,制成面釉层原料备用;
(4)坯体制备:
先在压坯机冲压模具上模的冲压面内设置一定形状和深度的凹腔,再将坯体层粉料铺设在压坯机冲压模具下模的模腔内,经压坯机冲压成型后获得带凸起的瓷砖坯体;
(5)施底釉:在干燥后的瓷砖坯体表面喷淋厚度为凸起高度四分之三的底釉层原料;
(6)施面釉:在喷墨、印花后的底釉层表面喷淋厚度为凸起高度四分之一以上的面釉层原料;
(7) 烧成:以10℃/分钟~20℃/分钟的升温速率进行烧成,最高烧制温度为1250℃,最高烧制温度保温时间为35分钟;
(8)抛光:将烧成后瓷砖的面釉层进行整体抛光处理,磨去凸起顶部的面釉层,获得具有防滑效果的抛釉户外砖。
所述步骤(5)中干燥的温度为160℃,时间为1小时,瓷砖坯体含水率达到0.5%以下。
所述步骤(5)中底釉层原料的比重为1.85 g/ml,所述步骤(6)中面釉层原料的比重为1.60 g/ml。
所述步骤(8)的抛光采用全抛釉工艺。
所述步骤(1)中酸洗所用酸液为pH值为5的盐酸溶液。
所述步骤(1)中煤矸石的培烧温度为360℃。
所述步骤(1)中坯体层粉料中外加质量百分比为5%的纳米负离子粉体或纳米远红外粉体。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明坯体层粉料通过采用合理的原料配方不仅最大限度的将稀土尾砂和煤矸石作为了坯体的主要生产原料,还可为抛釉砖提供防滑、净化空气、保健养生等功效;底釉层原料通过采用合理的原料配方不仅提高了始熔温度,还有效保证了坯釉结合性能;面釉层原料通过采用合理的原料配方和控制釉料比重不仅降低了膨胀系数,同时还提升了釉面光泽度和耐磨性能;采用高温保温的方式提升了砖体的强度和釉面的平整度,采用全抛釉工艺实现了砖体表面的防滑功效。本发明以稀土尾砂和煤矸石为主要原料制备高档抛釉砖,有效实现了废弃物的资源化利用,显著降低了瓷砖生产成本,扩宽了釉面砖的应用领域,因此具有广阔的市场前景。
实施方式
以下将结合具体实施例来说明本发明的实施方式,借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题,并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。
实施例1
一种利用多种劣质原料制备抛釉户外砖的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)坯体层粉料的制备:
所述坯体层粉料组成的质量百分比为:煤矸石25%、稀土尾砂30%、高岭土5%、钾长石20%、白云石5%、石英15%;
所述坯体层粉料的制备工序为:先将稀土尾砂经过破碎、磨碎、酸洗、干燥获得粉料备用,煤矸石经过破碎、培烧、磨碎、酸洗、干燥获得粉料备用,然后按坯体层粉料配方称量原料,混合均匀后装入球磨设备内球磨,出磨浆料过150目筛后导入干燥塔进行干燥,制得坯体层粉料;
(2)底釉层原料的制备:
所述底釉层原料组成的质量百分比为:
高岭土15份、氧化铝10份、硅灰石10份、方解石15份、锂长石10份、硅酸锆15份、石英25份;
所述底釉层原料的制备工序为:按底釉层配方称量原料,混合均匀后装入球磨设备内球磨,出磨浆料过200目筛后搅拌均匀,制成底釉层原料备用;
(3)面釉层原料的制备:
所述面釉层原料组成的质量百分比为:高岭土20份、氧化铝20份、硅灰石5份、方解石10份、锂长石15份、石英20份、氧化锌5份、碳酸锶5份;
所述面釉层原料制备工序为:按面釉层配方称量原料,混合均匀后装入球磨设备内球磨,出磨浆料过200目筛后搅拌均匀,制成面釉层原料备用;
(4)坯体制备:
先在压坯机冲压模具上模的冲压面中央内设置直径为200mm,深度为4mm的圆柱形凹腔,再将坯体层粉料铺设在压坯机冲压模具下模的模腔内,模腔深度为8mm,经压坯机冲压成型后获得中央设置有1个直径为200mm,高度为4mm圆柱形凸起的瓷砖坯体;
(5)施底釉:在干燥后的瓷砖坯体表面喷淋厚度为凸起高度为3mm的底釉层原料;
(6)施面釉:在喷墨、印花后的底釉层表面喷淋厚度为1.1mm的面釉层原料;
(7)烧成:以10℃/分钟的升温速率进行烧成,最高烧制温度为1250℃,最高烧制温度保温时间为35分钟;
(8)抛光:将烧成后瓷砖的面釉层进行整体抛光处理,磨去凸起顶部的面釉层,获得具有防滑效果的抛釉户外砖。
所述步骤(5)中干燥的温度为160℃,时间为1小时,瓷砖坯体含水率达到0.5%以下。
所述步骤(5)中底釉层原料的比重为1.85 g/ml,所述步骤(6)中面釉层原料的比重为1.60 g/ml。
所述步骤(8)的抛光采用全抛釉工艺。
所述步骤(1)中酸洗所用酸液为pH值为5的盐酸溶液。
所述步骤(1)中煤矸石的培烧温度为360℃。
实施例2
一种利用多种劣质原料制备抛釉户外砖的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)坯体层粉料的制备:
所述坯体层粉料组成的质量百分比为:煤矸石27%、稀土尾砂20%、高岭土9%、钾长石15%、白云石9%、石英20%;
所述坯体层粉料的制备工序为:先将稀土尾砂经过破碎、磨碎、酸洗、干燥获得粉料备用,煤矸石经过破碎、培烧、磨碎、酸洗、干燥获得粉料备用,然后按坯体层粉料配方称量原料,混合均匀后装入球磨设备内球磨,出磨浆料过150目筛后导入干燥塔进行干燥,制得坯体层粉料;
(2)底釉层原料的制备:
所述底釉层原料组成的质量百分比为:
高岭土10份、氧化铝5份、硅灰石15份、方解石10份、锂长石15份、硅酸锆16份、石英29份;
所述底釉层原料的制备工序为:按底釉层配方称量原料,混合均匀后装入球磨设备内球磨,出磨浆料过200目筛后搅拌均匀,制成底釉层原料备用;
(3)面釉层原料的制备:
所述面釉层原料组成的质量百分比为:高岭土16份、氧化铝19份、硅灰石10份、方解石5份、锂长石20份、石英15份、氧化锌10份、碳酸锶5份;
所述面釉层原料制备工序为:按面釉层配方称量原料,混合均匀后装入球磨设备内球磨,出磨浆料过200目筛后搅拌均匀,制成面釉层原料备用;
(4)坯体制备:
先在压坯机冲压模具上模的冲压面内四个角上设置边长为100mm,深度为3mm的正方体形凹腔,再将坯体层粉料铺设在压坯机冲压模具下模的模腔内,模腔深度为6mm,经压坯机冲压成型后获得带4个边长为100mm,高度为3mm正方体形凸起的瓷砖坯体;
(5)施底釉:在干燥后的瓷砖坯体表面喷淋厚度为凸起高度为2.25mm的底釉层原料;
(6)施面釉:在喷墨、印花后的底釉层表面喷淋厚度为0.8mm的面釉层原料;
(7)烧成:以15℃/分钟的升温速率进行烧成,最高烧制温度为1250℃,最高烧制温度保温时间为35分钟;
(8)抛光:将烧成后瓷砖的面釉层进行整体抛光处理,磨去凸起顶部的面釉层,获得具有防滑效果的抛釉户外砖。
所述步骤(5)中干燥的温度为160℃,时间为1小时,瓷砖坯体含水率达到0.5%以下。
所述步骤(5)中底釉层原料的比重为1.85 g/ml,所述步骤(6)中面釉层原料的比重为1.60 g/ml。
所述步骤(8)的抛光采用全抛釉工艺。
所述步骤(1)中酸洗所用酸液为pH值为5的盐酸溶液。
所述步骤(1)中煤矸石的培烧温度为360℃。
所述步骤(1)中坯体层粉料中外加质量百分比为5%的纳米负离子粉体。
实施例3
一种利用多种劣质原料制备抛釉户外砖的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)坯体层粉料的制备:
所述坯体层粉料组成的质量百分比为:煤矸石35%、稀土尾砂22%、高岭土5%、钾长石16%、白云石6%、石英16%;
所述坯体层粉料的制备工序为:先将稀土尾砂经过破碎、磨碎、酸洗、干燥获得粉料备用,煤矸石经过破碎、培烧、磨碎、酸洗、干燥获得粉料备用,然后按坯体层粉料配方称量原料,混合均匀后装入球磨设备内球磨,出磨浆料过150目筛后导入干燥塔进行干燥,制得坯体层粉料;
(2)底釉层原料的制备:
所述底釉层原料组成的质量百分比为:
高岭土13份、氧化铝8份、硅灰石12份、方解石11份、锂长石11份、硅酸锆19份、石英26份;
所述底釉层原料的制备工序为:按底釉层配方称量原料,混合均匀后装入球磨设备内球磨,出磨浆料过200目筛后搅拌均匀,制成底釉层原料备用;
(3)面釉层原料的制备:
所述面釉层原料组成的质量百分比为:高岭土17份、氧化铝15份、硅灰石9份、方解石9份、锂长石19份、石英19份、氧化锌9份、碳酸锶3份;
所述面釉层原料制备工序为:按面釉层配方称量原料,混合均匀后装入球磨设备内球磨,出磨浆料过200目筛后搅拌均匀,制成面釉层原料备用;
(4)坯体制备:
先在压坯机冲压模具上模的冲压面中央内四个角上设置直径为80mm,深度为5mm的圆柱体形凹腔,再将坯体层粉料铺设在压坯机冲压模具下模的模腔内,模腔深度为10mm,经压坯机冲压成型后获得带4个直径为80mm,高度为5mm的圆柱体形凸起的瓷砖坯体;
(5)施底釉:在干燥后的瓷砖坯体表面喷淋厚度为凸起高度为3.75mm的底釉层原料;
(6)施面釉:在喷墨、印花后的底釉层表面喷淋厚度为1.3mm的面釉层原料;
(7)烧成:以15℃/分钟的升温速率进行烧成,最高烧制温度为1250℃,最高烧制温度保温时间为35分钟;
(8)抛光:将烧成后瓷砖的面釉层进行整体抛光处理,磨去凸起顶部的面釉层,获得具有防滑效果的抛釉户外砖。
所述步骤(5)中干燥的温度为160℃,时间为1小时,瓷砖坯体含水率达到0.5%以下。
所述步骤(5)中底釉层原料的比重为1.85 g/ml,所述步骤(6)中面釉层原料的比重为1.60 g/ml。
所述步骤(8)的抛光采用全抛釉工艺。
所述步骤(1)中酸洗所用酸液为pH值为5的盐酸溶液。
所述步骤(1)中煤矸石的培烧温度为360℃。
所述步骤(1)中坯体层粉料中外加质量百分比为5%的纳米远红外粉体。
上述实施例中坯体层粉料中通过外加纳米负离子粉体、纳米远红外粉体,为抛釉砖带来净化空气、保健养生等特殊功效。

Claims (7)

1.一种利用多种劣质原料制备抛釉户外砖的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)坯体层粉料的制备:
所述坯体层粉料组成的质量百分比为:煤矸石25~35%、稀土尾砂20~30%、高岭土5~10%、钾长石15~20%、白云石5~10%、石英15~20%;
所述坯体层粉料的制备工序为:先将稀土尾砂经过破碎、磨碎、酸洗、干燥获得粉料备用,煤矸石经过破碎、培烧、磨碎、酸洗、干燥获得粉料备用,然后按坯体层粉料配方称量原料,混合均匀后装入球磨设备内球磨,出磨浆料过150目筛后导入干燥塔进行干燥,制得坯体层粉料;
(2)底釉层原料的制备:
所述底釉层原料组成的质量百分比为:
高岭土10~15份、氧化铝5~10份、硅灰石10~15份、方解石10~15份、锂长石10~15份、硅酸锆15~20份、石英25~30份;
所述底釉层原料的制备工序为:按底釉层配方称量原料,混合均匀后装入球磨设备内球磨,出磨浆料过200目筛后搅拌均匀,制成底釉层原料备用;
(3)面釉层原料的制备:
所述面釉层原料组成的质量百分比为:高岭土15~20份、氧化铝15~20份、硅灰石5~10份、方解石5~10份、锂长石15~20份、石英15~20份、氧化锌5~10份、碳酸锶2~5份;
所述面釉层原料制备工序为:按面釉层配方称量原料,混合均匀后装入球磨设备内球磨,出磨浆料过200目筛后搅拌均匀,制成面釉层原料备用;
(4)坯体制备:
先在压坯机冲压模具上模的冲压面内设置一定形状和深度的凹腔,再将坯体层粉料铺设在压坯机冲压模具下模的模腔内,经压坯机冲压成型后获得带凸起的瓷砖坯体;
(5)施底釉:在干燥后的瓷砖坯体表面喷淋厚度为凸起高度四分之三的底釉层原料;
(6)施面釉:在喷墨、印花后的底釉层表面喷淋厚度为凸起高度四分之一以上的面釉层原料;
(7) 烧成:以10℃/分钟~20℃/分钟的升温速率进行烧成,最高烧制温度为1250℃,最高烧制温度保温时间为35分钟;
(8)抛光:将烧成后瓷砖的面釉层进行整体抛光处理,磨去凸起顶部的面釉层,获得具有防滑效果的抛釉户外砖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中干燥的温度为160℃,时间为1小时,瓷砖坯体含水率达到0.5%以下。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中底釉层原料的比重为1.85g/ml,所述步骤(6)中面釉层原料的比重为1.60 g/ml。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(8)的抛光采用全抛釉工艺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中酸洗所用酸液为pH值为5的盐酸溶液。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中煤矸石的培烧温度为360℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中坯体层粉料中外加质量百分比为5%的纳米负离子粉体或纳米远红外粉体。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117164331A (zh) * 2023-08-31 2023-12-05 广东昊晟陶瓷有限公司 一种镜面防滑陶瓷砖及其生产工艺
CN117164331B (zh) * 2023-08-31 2024-03-12 广东昊晟陶瓷有限公司 一种镜面防滑陶瓷砖及其生产工艺

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