CN116173621A - 一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料及其生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料及其生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116173621A CN116173621A CN202310120313.XA CN202310120313A CN116173621A CN 116173621 A CN116173621 A CN 116173621A CN 202310120313 A CN202310120313 A CN 202310120313A CN 116173621 A CN116173621 A CN 116173621A
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- Prior art keywords
- aramid
- aramid fiber
- filter material
- fibers
- layer
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- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
- B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
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- B32B38/08—Impregnating
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- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
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- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- D06B23/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of apparatus or machines, specially adapted for the treating of textile materials, not restricted to a particular kind of apparatus, provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B21/00
- D06B23/20—Arrangements of apparatus for treating processing-liquids, -gases or -vapours, e.g. purification, filtration or distillation
- D06B23/205—Arrangements of apparatus for treating processing-liquids, -gases or -vapours, e.g. purification, filtration or distillation for adding or mixing constituents of the treating material
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
- D06B3/10—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/79—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof with silicon dioxide, silicic acids or their salts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/244—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons
- D06M15/256—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/356—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
- D06M15/3568—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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Abstract
本发明涉及芳纶材料技术领域,具体为一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料及其生产工艺,包括第一芳纶纤维网过滤层、第二织物增强层和第三芳纶纤维网非过滤层;第一芳纶纤维网过滤层由细纤和粗纤两种不同纤度的间位芳纶短纤维组成。本发明通过细纤和粗纤两种不同纤度的间位芳纶短纤维制备迎尘面,并在细纤和粗纤表面设置凹槽,增加纤维的比表面积,提高所制芳纶过滤材料的过滤精度。在生产速度不受影响的前提下,得到的芳纶过滤材料平整,均匀性高,几乎看不到棉结。所制芳纶过滤材料一般使用温度达到了204℃,瞬间最高使用温度达到了240℃,热稳定性高、捕集效率高、成本较低,可以使用在温度较高的项目中,如沥青搅拌、钢铁、水泥等场所。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及芳纶材料技术领域,具体为一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料及其生产工艺。
背景技术
目前,沥青搅拌、钢铁厂、水泥厂、火力发电等对过滤材料的过滤性能具有较高的要求。根据国家环境政策,10mg/Nm³将成为主流,甚至有些重点地区要求5mg/Nm³以内的排放。而针对现场复杂的工况环境,对于过滤材料本身的要求也比较高,一般需要拥有耐腐蚀、抗氧化、耐高温、力学性能优秀、使用寿命长、结构稳定等的特点。
如中国实用新型CN203030120U中公开了一种芳纶1313针刺滤料,该方案使用了间位芳纶作为原料,目的在于提高滤料的耐温性能,间位芳纶也具有良好的耐腐蚀性能,但是由于未涉及超细间位芳纶纤维的使用,制得的过滤材料无法对应大部分地区10mg/Nm³,甚至有些重点地区要求5mg/Nm³以内的排放要求。
又如中国公开专利CN105582742A中公开了一种过滤材料,包括过滤层、非过滤层、中间织物增强层,过滤层是由0.0025~0.25dtex之间的细纤度聚苯硫醚纤维与0.5~5dtex之间的粗纤度耐热纤维形成的纤维网,且所述粗纤度耐热纤维与细纤度聚苯硫醚纤维的纤度比值为4倍以上。耐热纤维为对位芳族聚酰胺纤维、间位芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚苯硫醚纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、氟系纤维、碳纤维和玻璃纤维中的至少一种纤维。超细纤维混合滤毡可以有效的对应超低排放要求,但是由于超细纤维的存在,生产时的梳理性较差,形成的棉网会出现棉网不均以及大量的棉结现象,影响外观以及过滤性能均匀性,针对10mg/Nm3以内的排放需要超过550g/m²,针对5mg/Nm³以内的排放要求,需要超过600g/m2的克重才能实现。因此,我们提出一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料及其生产工艺。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料及其生产工艺,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料,包括第一芳纶纤维网过滤层、第二织物增强层和第三芳纶纤维网非过滤层。
进一步的,所述第一芳纶纤维网过滤层为迎尘面,由间位芳纶短纤维制得。
进一步的,所述第三芳纶纤维网非过滤层为非迎尘面,由间位芳纶短纤维制得。
进一步的,所述间位芳纶短纤维由细纤和粗纤两种不同纤度的间位芳纶短纤维组成;
细纤平均纤度为0.9~1.1D,粗纤平均纤度为1.9~2.2D;
进一步的,细纤占间位芳纶短纤维的重量比为40~60wt%,细纤的卷曲度为6~9%,卷曲数为5~10个/25mm;
粗纤的卷曲度为10~15%,卷曲数为12~16个/25mm。
进一步的,细纤中有5~25%的长度为10~35mm,其余细纤的长度为48~58mm;
粗纤的纤维长度为48~58mm。
细纤卷曲度和卷曲数的适当下降,细纤长度的适当减短,能够有效提高生产效率,提高所制芳纶过滤材料的均匀性。
进一步的,所述间位芳纶短纤维的表面沿着纤维方向设置有凹槽;每根纤维上的凹槽数量≥50个;
凹槽的长度≥50μm,凹槽宽度的最大值≥0.5μm,凹槽深度的最大值≥0.5μm。
细纤的添加目的在于提高所制芳纶过滤材料的过滤精度。而细纤和粗纤表面沿着纤维方向设置的细长凹槽,则可以增加纤维的比表面积,在超细纤维的基础上进一步提高过滤效率。细纤和粗纤比表面积的增加,能够进一步影响所制芳纶过滤材料过滤精度的过滤精度,且效果显著。与不含凹槽的芳纶过滤材料相比,过滤精度上升至少25%。
进一步的,所述间位芳纶短纤维的含油率为0.3~0.6wt%;
油剂为聚酯类油剂、聚醚酯类油剂的混合;
聚酯类油剂的占比为50~70wt%,聚酯类油剂中含有50wt%及以上的1,4-丁二醇。
通过控制油剂中聚酯类油剂的占比和1,4-丁二醇的含量,能够更有效平衡纤维和设备,设备针布之间的摩擦力,得到的毛网层均匀性更高,且棉结少。油剂与间位芳纶短纤维长度、卷曲度、卷曲数等数据结合,第一芳纶纤维网过滤层在梳理等生产过程中和100%普通1.9~2.2D纤维的生产性能无差异;梳理后所得到的毛网层,其棉结数量少于梳理后的100%普通1.9~2.2D纤维;毛网层的均一性也比100%普通1.9~2.2D纤维梳理更高。
进一步的,所述芳纶过滤材料的克重为400~560g/m²;
迎尘面和非迎尘面的克重比为(4:6)~(7:3);
第二织物增强层占过滤材料整体的重量不超过35%。
进一步的,所述第二织物增强层为芳纶纤维织物增强层,克重为80~180g/m²。
第二织物增强层的克重若低于80g/m²,则所制芳纶过滤材料径向强力达不到800N/5cm以上的要求;而克重高于180 g/m²时,过滤层和非过滤层比例降低,过滤效果变差。
所制芳纶过滤材料的克重在400g/m²~450g/m²时,就可以针对10mg/Nm³的排放要求;450g/m²~500g/m²时,就可以针对5mg/Nm3的排放要求;超过500g/m²时甚至可以对应3mg/Nm³。而超过560g/m²时仅仅只是增加成本,使用在除尘器中的过滤效果优化已不明显。
一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,包括以下工艺:
步骤一:取第一芳纶纤维网过滤层的原料混合、打散;交叉铺网,形成迎尘面毛网层;
步骤二:取第三芳纶纤维网非过滤层的原料打散;交叉铺网,形成非迎尘面毛网层;
步骤三:在迎尘面毛网层、非迎尘面毛网层的中间植入第二织物增强层,预针刺,形成初步胚毡;
步骤四:针刺加固,形成素毡;热定型、烧毛、压光,形成第一芳纶纤维网过滤层、第三芳纶纤维网非过滤层,得到芳纶过滤材料。
进一步的,所述步骤一,细纤和粗纤的总重量不超过20kg,在旋转滚筒中以45~90转/分的速度混合4~8min。旋转滚筒的轴心和最外侧内壁距离为0.5~1.5m。在混合、打散期间均匀地喷洒抗静电剂药液;
第三芳纶纤维网非过滤层无需混合步骤,直接在打散期间均匀地喷洒抗静电剂药液。
滚筒速度、滚筒直径数据的设定关键在于:转至滚筒最高处的纤维正好可以呈现自由落体落下,不会转不上最高点,也不会到最高点后贴着筒壁转下,再经过4~8分钟的混合后,细纤和粗纤混合均匀,消除工艺参数对所制芳纶过滤材料过滤性能的影响。
进一步的,所述步骤四,针刺加固工艺中的主针刺密度控制在900~1200针/cm²。
进一步的,所述步骤一前,还包括加工车间的准备工作:将开松机、棉箱、梳理机、交叉铺网机充分地接地放电,加工车间湿度保持至45%以上。
进一步的,所述芳纶过滤材料经过表面整理,包括以下工艺:
(1)改性单体的制备:
1.1.取3,5-二羟基苯甲酸、碳酸钾混合,于75~85℃温度下搅拌8~15min,加入1,3-双(氯甲基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷,恒温反应24~36h;加入环氧氯丙烷,继续反应9~18h;
离心旋蒸浓缩,置于盐酸水溶液中沉淀,取沉淀物用THF重新溶解,重复多次,将最终得到的沉淀物于50℃干燥过夜,得到含有环氧基团的支化有机硅;
1.2.取二甲苯,加入支化有机硅、亚麻油酸、四丁基溴化铵TBAB、氧化锌混合,在氮气氛围中,加热至115~125℃,搅拌30min;升温至185~205℃,酯化反应60~90min;降温至128~132℃,于0.09~0.1MPa减压蒸出二甲苯,得到化合物A;
1.3.将化合物A、酸酐混合,加热至90~100℃,反应酯化3.0~3.5h;当物料酯化至酸值为29.0~30mgKOH/g时,降温至55~65℃,加入三乙胺,中和反应30~40min,中和至体系pH为7.5~8.5,得到改性单体;
(2)整理剂的制备:
取改性单体、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯、硅酸乙酯、2-甲基-2-丙烯酸十三烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、双丙酮丙烯酰胺、γ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷混合,得到混合单体;
在搅拌条件下,加入乳化剂的去离子水均相溶液,混合均匀后,加入三乙胺,升温至55~60℃反应100~150min,得到预乳液;
取10wt%聚四氟乙烯分散液,加入过硫酸钾、组分质量5%的预乳液,升温至73~85℃,保温20~30min;加入剩余组分预乳液,2~3h加完,升温至82~88℃,保温反应80~100min,得到整理剂;
(3)浸渍整理:
将得到的芳纶过滤材料,置于整理剂中浸渍10~20min,浴比1:(10~30);在0.3~0.5Mpa下压轧;100~120℃热定型。
进一步的,步骤1.1中1,3-双(氯甲基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、3,5-二羟基苯甲酸、碳酸钾、环氧氯丙烷的摩尔比为1:(1.0~1.5):(2.4~3.0):(1.0~2.5);
进一步的,步骤1.2中支化有机硅、亚麻油酸、四丁基溴化铵、氧化锌、二甲苯的质量比为100:(36~70):(0.88~1.10):(0.27~0.34):(32.6~40.8);
其中,四丁基溴化铵、氧化锌为催化剂,二甲苯为带水剂。
进一步的,步骤1.3中化合物A、酸酐的质量比为100:(16.2~25.6);
酸酐为马来酸酐、柠康酸酐、烯丙基琥珀酸酐、2-丁烯-1-基琥珀酸酐中的一种或多种。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,预乳液包括以下质量组分:2.5~7.0份改性单体、2.5~3.0份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、13.0~17.5份苯乙烯、2.0~2.8份硅酸乙酯、0.25~0.35份γ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、1.8~2.2份2-甲基-2-丙烯酸十三烷基酯、2~3份甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、4.5~5.0份双丙酮丙烯酰胺、3.0~3.3份乳化剂、0.11~0.12份三乙胺、98~108份去离子水;
乳化剂为HT CO-458和OP-10的混合物,质量比为2:1;
聚四氟乙烯、过硫酸钾、混合单体的质量比为100:(8.8~9.6):(16~20);
聚四氟乙烯分散液:来源于广州松柏化工有限公司,初始固含量为60%;本申请10wt%聚四氟乙烯分散液由前述物料经过去离子水稀释得到。
在上述技术方案中,3,5-二羟基苯甲酸中含有羧基和酚羟基,能够与1,3-双(氯甲基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷中的氯基反应,得到具有超支化结构的支化有机硅,具有优秀的柔韧性和热稳定性,能够对所制改性单体进行增韧,有效改善整理剂所制表面膜层的冲击强度、断裂韧性和阻燃性能。受吸电子能力影响,氯基优先与羧基反应。并通过对3,5-二羟基苯甲酸、1,3-双(氯甲基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷物质的量的控制,使得二者在反应后,3,5-二羟基苯甲酸中残留酚羟基。然后加入环氧氯丙烷,与氯基反应,将环氧基团引入反应产物(支化有机硅)的结构中。
在催化剂四丁基溴化铵、氧化锌和带水剂二甲苯的作用下,支化有机硅中的环氧基团开环,与亚麻油酸中的羧基进行加成酯化,得到化合物A,并产生活性羟基。活性羟基能够与酸酐反应,再通过三乙胺进行中和,转化为亲水性更强的羧酸胺,从而得到改性单体——水性化合物A,呈负电性,受静电斥力和空间斥力作用,使其更易分散在水中。所制整理剂在芳纶过滤材料表面形成表面膜层后,胺挥发,改性单体中的羧酸胺又转变为羧基,使得表面膜层具有良好的耐水性。且改性单体中含有酯键、醚键、胺基等活性基团,能够与混合单体中的其他物料协同,提高所制整理剂在芳纶过滤材料表面的粘结强度,同时改善表面膜层的机械性能和热稳定性。
改性单体与丙烯酸酯单体、硅酸乙酯混合,得到混合单体,共同作为聚丙烯酸酯的聚合物料,能够与PTFE复合,实现所制表面膜层疏水、热稳定性能的改善。而PTFE具有强电负性,能够吸引电子,赋予所制表面膜层低润湿性和强静电荷作用,能够有效提高芳纶过滤材料在沥青、水泥窑、垃圾焚烧、钢铁领域的过滤效率。混合单体中的硅酸乙酯在三乙胺的作用下发生水解,生成纳米二氧化硅,并利用γ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷改性,引入PTFE整理液体系中。在整理剂所制表面膜层中引入纳米二氧化硅,与纤维表面凹槽相配合,形成粗糙结构,能够增强材料的疏水性能,对PTFE的电荷作用进行增强,进一步改善芳纶过滤材料的过滤效果。同时作为无机填料,能够改善表面膜层对磨损的耐性。
进一步的,所述芳纶过滤材料制备得到芳纶滤袋,所述芳纶滤袋在沥青、水泥窑,垃圾焚烧,钢铁领域的应用。
芳纶过滤材料在制作滤袋时,需要注意如果排放要求低于5mg/Nm³,则需要在缝合处做特殊的加工,例如用耐热胶水堵住缝合处等。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
1.本发明的用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料,通过细纤和粗纤两种不同纤度的间位芳纶短纤维制备迎尘面,并在细纤和粗纤表面设置凹槽,增加纤维的比表面积,提高所制芳纶过滤材料的过滤精度。在生产速度不受影响的前提下,得到的芳纶过滤材料平整,均匀性高,几乎看不到棉结。所制芳纶过滤材料一般使用温度达到了204℃,瞬间最高使用温度达到了240℃,热稳定性高、捕集效率高、成本较低,可以使用在温度较高的项目中,如沥青搅拌、钢铁、水泥等场所。
2.本发明的用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料,通过PTFE作为主要成分,添加丙烯酸酯单体、改性单体、纳米二氧化硅进行复合,制备芳纶过滤材料的整理剂,其中改性单体由3,5-二羟基苯甲酸、1,3-双(氯甲基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、环氧氯丙烷、亚麻油酸和酸酐制得,能够改善所制表面膜层的强韧性、粘结强度和阻燃性能,提高过滤材料的机械性能、耐高温性能和过滤效率。
实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,包括以下工艺:
步骤一:取第一芳纶纤维网过滤层的原料间位芳纶短纤维细纤和粗纤按照50:50的重量比例混合,混合时采用旋转滚筒预混合6分钟;打散;交叉铺网,形成迎尘面毛网层;
其中,细纤和粗纤的纤维表面沿着纤维方向有细长凹槽,平均每根纤维上长度≥50μm、最宽处宽度>0.5μm、最深处深度>0.5μm的凹槽数量有132个;
步骤二:取第三芳纶纤维网非过滤层的原料细纤和粗纤按照50:50的重量比例打散;交叉铺网,形成非迎尘面毛网层;
步骤三:在迎尘面毛网层、非迎尘面毛网层的中间植入第二织物增强层,预针刺,形成初步胚毡;
步骤四:针刺加固,形成素毡;热定型、烧毛、压光,形成第一芳纶纤维网过滤层、第三芳纶纤维网非过滤层,得到芳纶过滤材料;制造滤袋,滤袋缝合以后用胶水将中缝针眼密封。这种滤袋可以被用于沥青搅拌、钢铁、垃圾焚烧领域。
实施例2:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,包括以下工艺:
步骤一:取第一芳纶纤维网过滤层的原料间位芳纶短纤维细纤和粗纤按照50:50的重量比例混合;打散;交叉铺网,形成迎尘面毛网层;
其他工艺与实施例1相同,得到芳纶过滤材料,制得的滤袋可以被用于沥青搅拌、钢铁、火力发电、垃圾焚烧领域。
实施例3:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,包括以下工艺:
步骤一:取第一芳纶纤维网过滤层的原料间位芳纶短纤维细纤和粗纤按照50:50的重量比例混合,混合时采用旋转滚筒预混合6分钟;打散;交叉铺网,形成迎尘面毛网层;
其中,细纤和粗纤的纤维表面沿着纤维方向有细长凹槽,平均每根纤维上长度≥50μm、最宽处宽度>0.5μm、最深处深度>0.5μm的凹槽数量有≥50;
其他工艺与实施例1相同,得到芳纶过滤材料。
实施例4:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,包括以下工艺:
细纤的卷曲度为9%,卷曲数为 10个/25mm;粗纤的卷曲度为12%,卷曲数为14个/25mm;间位芳纶短纤维的含油率为0.3wt%;
工艺与实施例1相同,得到芳纶过滤材料。
实施例5:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,包括以下工艺:
细纤的卷曲度为12%,卷曲数为 14个/25mm;粗纤的卷曲度为12%,卷曲数为14个/25mm;
间位芳纶短纤维的含油率为0.4wt%;油剂中聚酯类油剂的占比控制在40wt%,1,4-丁二醇含量占聚酯类油剂中含有40wt%;
工艺与实施例1相同,得到芳纶过滤材料,总克重为550g/m²;制造滤袋,滤袋缝合以后用胶水将中缝针眼密封。这种滤袋可以被用于沥青搅拌、钢铁、垃圾焚烧领域。
实施例6:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,工艺与实施例1相同,得到芳纶过滤材料;总克重为400g/m²。
实施例7:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,工艺与实施例1相同,得到芳纶过滤材料;总克重为450g/m²。
实施例8:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,油剂选择纯聚酯类油剂,油剂率为0.4%;
工艺与实施例1相同,得到芳纶过滤材料,总克重为550g/m²;制造滤袋,滤袋缝合以后用胶水将中缝针眼密封。这种滤袋可以被用于沥青搅拌、钢铁、垃圾焚烧领域。
实施例9:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,包括以下工艺:
取实施例1中得到芳纶过滤材料进行表面整理:
(1)改性单体的制备:
1.1.取154g3,5-二羟基苯甲酸、331g碳酸钾混合,于75℃温度下搅拌8min,加入231g1,3-双(氯甲基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷,恒温反应24h;加入93g环氧氯丙烷,继续反应9h;
离心旋蒸浓缩,置于盐酸水溶液(pH=3)中沉淀,取沉淀物用THF重新溶解,重复多次,将最终得到的沉淀物于50℃干燥过夜,得到含有环氧基团的支化有机硅;
1.2.取32.6g二甲苯,加入100g支化有机硅、36g亚麻油酸、0.88g四丁基溴化铵、0.27g氧化锌混合,在氮气氛围中,加热至115℃,搅拌30min,升温至185℃,酯化反应60min;降温至128℃,于0.1MPa减压蒸出二甲苯,得到化合物A;
1.3.将100g化合物A、16.2g酸酐马来酸酐混合,加热至90℃,反应酯化3.0h;当物料酯化至酸值为30mgKOH/g时,降温至55℃,加入三乙胺,中和反应30min,中和至体系pH为7.5,得到改性单体;
(2)整理剂的制备:
取25g改性单体、25g甲基丙烯酸甲酯、130g苯乙烯、20g硅酸乙酯、2.5gγ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、18g2-甲基-2-丙烯酸十三烷基酯、20g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、45g双丙酮丙烯酰胺混合,得到混合单体;
在搅拌条件下,加入乳化剂的去离子水均相溶液(30g乳化剂+980g去离子水),混合均匀后,加入1.1g三乙胺,升温至55℃反应100min,得到预乳液;
取10wt%聚四氟乙烯分散液,加入过硫酸钾、组分质量5%的预乳液,升温至73℃,保温20min;加入剩余组分预乳液,2h加完,升温至82℃,保温反应80min,得到整理剂;
乳化剂为HT CO-458和OP-10的混合物,质量比为2:1;聚四氟乙烯、过硫酸钾、混合单体的质量比为100:8.8:16;
(3)浸渍整理:
将得到的芳纶过滤材料,置于整理剂中浸渍10min,浴比1:30;在0.3Mpa下压轧;100℃热定型。
实施例10:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,包括以下工艺:
取实施例1中得到芳纶过滤材料进行表面整理:
(1)改性单体的制备:
1.1.取192g3,5-二羟基苯甲酸、373g碳酸钾混合,于80℃温度下搅拌10min,加入231g1,3-双(氯甲基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷,恒温反应30h;加入162g环氧氯丙烷,继续反应13h;
离心旋蒸浓缩,置于盐酸水溶液(pH=3)中沉淀,取沉淀物用THF重新溶解,重复多次,将最终得到的沉淀物于50℃干燥过夜,得到含有环氧基团的支化有机硅;
1.2.取36.7g二甲苯,加入100g支化有机硅、53g亚麻油酸、1.0g四丁基溴化铵、0.30g氧化锌混合,在氮气氛围中,加热至120℃,搅拌30min,升温至195℃,酯化反应75min;降温至130℃,于0.095MPa减压蒸出二甲苯,得到化合物A;
1.3.将100g化合物A、20.9g烯丙基琥珀酸酐混合,加热至95℃,反应酯化3.2h;当物料酯化至酸值为29.5mgKOH/g时,降温至60℃,加入三乙胺,中和反应35min,中和至体系pH为8.0,得到改性单体;
(2)整理剂的制备:
取47.5g改性单体、27g甲基丙烯酸甲酯、152.5g苯乙烯、24g硅酸乙酯、3gγ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、20g2-甲基-2-丙烯酸十三烷基酯、25g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、47g双丙酮丙烯酰胺混合,得到混合单体;
在搅拌条件下,加入乳化剂的去离子水均相溶液(32g乳化剂+1030g去离子水),混合均匀后,加入1.15g三乙胺,升温至58℃反应120min,得到预乳液;
取10wt%聚四氟乙烯分散液,加入过硫酸钾、组分质量5%的预乳液,升温至80℃,保温25min;加入剩余组分预乳液,2.5h加完,升温至85℃,保温反应90min,得到整理剂;
乳化剂为HT CO-458和OP-10的混合物,质量比为2:1;聚四氟乙烯、过硫酸钾、混合单体的质量比为100:9.2:18;
(3)浸渍整理:
将得到的芳纶过滤材料,置于整理剂中浸渍15min,浴比1:20;在0.4Mpa下压轧;110℃热定型。
实施例11:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,包括以下工艺:
取实施例1中得到芳纶过滤材料进行表面整理,
(1)改性单体的制备:
1.1.取231g3,5-二羟基苯甲酸、414g碳酸钾混合,于85℃温度下搅拌15min,加入231g1,3-双(氯甲基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷,恒温反应36h;加入231g环氧氯丙烷,继续反应18h;
离心旋蒸浓缩,置于盐酸水溶液(pH=3)中沉淀,取沉淀物用THF重新溶解,重复多次,将最终得到的沉淀物于50℃干燥过夜,得到含有环氧基团的支化有机硅;
1.2.取40.8g二甲苯,加入100g支化有机硅、70g亚麻油酸、1.10g四丁基溴化铵、0.34g氧化锌混合,在氮气氛围中,加热至125℃,搅拌30min,升温至205℃,酯化反应90min;降温至132℃,于0.09MPa减压蒸出二甲苯,得到化合物A;
1.3.将100g化合物A、25.6g2-丁烯-1-基琥珀酸酐混合,加热至100℃,反应酯化3.5h;当物料酯化至酸值为29.0mgKOH/g时,降温至65℃,加入三乙胺,中和反应40min,中和至体系pH为8.5,得到改性单体;
(2)整理剂的制备:
取70g改性单体、30g甲基丙烯酸甲酯、175g苯乙烯、28g硅酸乙酯、3.5gγ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、22g2-甲基-2-丙烯酸十三烷基酯、30g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、50g双丙酮丙烯酰胺混合,得到混合单体;
在搅拌条件下,加入乳化剂的去离子水均相溶液(33g乳化剂+1080g去离子水),混合均匀后,加入1.2g三乙胺,升温至60℃反应150min,得到预乳液;
取10wt%聚四氟乙烯分散液,加入过硫酸钾、组分质量5%的预乳液,升温至85℃,保温30min;加入剩余组分预乳液,3h加完,升温至88℃,保温反应100min,得到整理剂;
乳化剂为HT CO-458和OP-10的混合物,质量比为2:1;聚四氟乙烯、过硫酸钾、混合单体的质量比为100:9.6:20;
(3)浸渍整理:
将得到的芳纶过滤材料,置于整理剂中浸渍20min,浴比1:30;在0.5Mpa下压轧;120℃热定型。
对比例1:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,包括以下工艺:
步骤一:取第一芳纶纤维网过滤层的原料间位芳纶短纤维细纤和粗纤按照30:70的重量比例混合,混合时采用旋转滚筒预混合6分钟;打散;交叉铺网,形成迎尘面毛网层;
其中,细纤和粗纤的纤维表面沿着纤维方向有细长凹槽,平均每根纤维上长度≥50μm、最宽处宽度>0.5μm、最深处深度>0.5μm的凹槽数量≥55个;
步骤二:取第三芳纶纤维网非过滤层的原料细纤和粗纤按照30:70的重量比例打散;交叉铺网,形成非迎尘面毛网层;
步骤三:在迎尘面毛网层、非迎尘面毛网层的中间植入第二织物增强层,预针刺,形成初步胚毡;
步骤四:针刺加固,形成素毡;热定型、烧毛、压光,形成第一芳纶纤维网过滤层、第三芳纶纤维网非过滤层,得到芳纶过滤材料;制造滤袋,滤袋缝合以后用胶水将中缝针眼密封。这种滤袋可以被用于沥青搅拌、钢铁、垃圾焚烧领域。
对比例2:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,细纤和粗纤的纤维表面光滑,无凹槽;工艺与实施例1相同,得到芳纶过滤材料。
对比例3:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,包括以下工艺:
步骤一:取第一芳纶纤维网过滤层的原料间位芳纶短纤维细纤和粗纤按照30:70的重量比例混合,混合时采用旋转滚筒预混合6分钟;打散;交叉铺网,形成迎尘面毛网层;
其中,细纤和粗纤的纤维表面沿着纤维方向有细长凹槽,平均每根纤维上长度≥50μm、最宽处宽度>0.5μm、最深处深度>0.5μm的凹槽数量有20个;
工艺与实施例1相同,得到芳纶过滤材料;制造滤袋,滤袋缝合以后用胶水将中缝针眼密封。这种滤袋可以被用于沥青搅拌、钢铁、垃圾焚烧领域。
对比例4:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,包括以下工艺:
步骤一:取第一芳纶纤维网过滤层的原料涤纶细纤和粗纤按照30:70的重量比例混合,混合时采用旋转滚筒预混合6分钟;打散;交叉铺网,形成迎尘面毛网层;
其中,细纤和粗纤的纤维表面沿着纤维方向有细长凹槽,平均每根纤维上长度≥50μm、最宽处宽度>0.5μm、最深处深度>0.5μm的凹槽数量有20个;
工艺与实施例1相同,得到涤纶过滤材料;制造滤袋,滤袋缝合以后用胶水将中缝针眼密封。这种滤袋可以被用于沥青搅拌、钢铁、垃圾焚烧领域。
对比例5:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,包括以下工艺:
取实施例1中得到芳纶过滤材料进行表面整理:
(1)改性单体的制备:
取32.6g二甲苯,加入50gγ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、59g亚麻油酸、0.88g四丁基溴化铵、0.27g氧化锌混合,在氮气氛围中,加热至115℃,搅拌30min。升温至185℃,酯化反应60min;降温至128℃,于0.1MPa减压蒸出二甲苯,得到化合物A;
将100g化合物A、16.2g马来酸酐混合,加热至90℃,反应酯化3.0h;当物料酯化至酸值为30mgKOH/g时,降温至55℃,加入三乙胺,中和反应30min,中和至体系pH为7.5,得到改性单体;
其他工艺与实施例9相同,得到过滤材料。
对比例6:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,包括以下工艺:
取实施例1中得到芳纶过滤材料进行表面整理:
(1)改性单体的制备:
将67g3,5-二羟基苯甲酸、16.2g马来酸酐混合,加热至90℃,反应酯化3.0h;当物料酯化至酸值为30mgKOH/g时,降温至55℃,加入三乙胺,中和反应30min,中和至体系pH为7.5,得到改性单体;
其他工艺与实施例9相同,得到过滤材料。
对比例7:一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,包括以下工艺:
取25g甲基丙烯酸甲酯、130g苯乙烯、20g硅酸乙酯、2.5gγ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、18g2-甲基-2-丙烯酸十三烷基酯、20g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、45g双丙酮丙烯酰胺混合,得到混合单体;
在搅拌条件下,加入乳化剂的去离子水均相溶液(30g乳化剂+980g去离子水),混合均匀后,加入1.1g三乙胺,升温至55℃反应100min,得到预乳液;
取10wt%聚四氟乙烯分散液,加入过硫酸钾、组分质量5%的预乳液,升温至73℃,保温20min;加入剩余组分预乳液,2h加完,升温至82℃,保温反应80min,得到整理剂;
其他工艺与实施例9相同,得到过滤材料。
取实施例1-11、对比例1-7中得到的过滤材料,制得试样,分别对其性能进行检测并记录检测结果:
纤维的平均纤度:抽取5块过滤材料,使用扫描电子纤维镜观察过滤材料的断面,每块过滤材料各任意取粗纤维10根,细纤维10根,粗细纤维各共计50根断面,测试50根断面的直径,得到其平均纤度。
纤维的凹槽:抽取10块过滤材料,使用扫描电子纤维镜放大至600-800倍,观察过滤材料的断面及侧面,每块过滤材料各任意取粗纤维5根,确认其凹槽特性。
细纤的比例:抽取5块过滤材料,使用扫描电子纤维镜放大倍率为200~400倍,观察过滤材料的断面。在观察放大后的照片后统计照片内所有的细纤度间位芳纶纤维以及粗纤度间位芳纶的根数。根据根数以及纤度,计算出其重量比例。
克重:采取GB/T4669-2008标准,将材料剪切为20cm×20cm的形状,数量总计不少于5块,分别称重,然后通过计算得到过滤材料的克重,取平均值。
强度:以GB/T 24218.3—2010为参考标准,测试样条法测试样品的拉伸强度试样的尺寸为50cm×250cm,拉伸速度为100cm/min,夹头间隔为20cm;
过滤效率:采用高效滤料实验台测试试样的过滤效率,试样测试面积为100cm2,过滤粒子为粒径为0.3μm的水泥颗粒,流速32L/min;
热氧老化性能测试:将胶膜制成哑铃状试样,悬挂于老化试验箱中,以200℃老化100h,再次进行强度测试,计算试样径向强力损失。
根据上表中的数据,可以清楚得到以下结论:
实施例1-11中得到的过滤材料与对比例1-7中得到的过滤材料形成对比,检测结果可知,
实施例1-8、对比例1-4中得到的过滤材料,制得试样在其瞬时使用温度、长期使用温度的条件下使用3年,不发生破损,使用寿命长,热稳定性高,可以使用在温度较高的项目中,如沥青搅拌、钢铁、水泥等场所。
与实施例1相比,实施例9-11中得到的过滤材料在实施例1中得到的芳纶过滤材料表面进行了浸渍整理,整理剂对材料产生堵孔效应,使得芳纶过滤材料的孔径变小,透气率下降,从而使得过滤效果提高,均能够在过滤风速≤1.2m/min的条件下,满足3mg/Nm3的排放要求。且整理剂组分能够提高过滤材料对热氧的抗性,进一步提高其使用寿命,从而使得实施例9-11中得到的过滤材料径向强力、过滤效率数据增加,热氧老化后径向强力损失率降低。
与实施例9相比,对比例4-7中整理剂组分及其工艺发生变化,使得整理剂对材料产生堵孔效应发生变化,组分对过滤材料对热氧的抗性劣化。相较于实施例9,对比例4-7中得到的过滤材料径向强力、过滤效率数据降低,热氧老化后径向强力损失率增加。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程方法物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程方法物品或者设备所固有的要素。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改等同替换改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料,其特征在于:由迎尘面至非迎尘面依次包括第一芳纶纤维网过滤层、第二织物增强层和第三芳纶纤维网非过滤层;
所述第一芳纶纤维网过滤层由间位芳纶短纤维制得;
所述间位芳纶短纤维由细纤和粗纤两种不同纤度的间位芳纶短纤维组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料,其特征在于:所述细纤平均纤度为0.9~1.1D,粗纤平均纤度为1.9~2.2D。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料,其特征在于:所述细纤占间位芳纶短纤维的重量比为40~60wt%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料,其特征在于:所述细纤的卷曲度为6~9%,卷曲数为5~10个/25mm;粗纤的卷曲度为10~15%,卷曲数为12~16个/25mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料,其特征在于:所述芳纶过滤材料的克重为400~560g/m²;
第一芳纶纤维网过滤层和第三芳纶纤维网非过滤层的克重比为(4:6)~(7:3);
第二织物增强层占过滤材料整体的重量不超过35%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料,其特征在于:所述第二织物增强层为芳纶纤维织物增强层,克重为80~180g/m²。
7.一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,其特征在于:包括以下工艺:
步骤一:取第一芳纶纤维网过滤层的原料混合、打散;交叉铺网,形成迎尘面毛网层;
步骤二:取第三芳纶纤维网非过滤层的原料打散;交叉铺网,形成非迎尘面毛网层;
步骤三:在迎尘面毛网层、非迎尘面毛网层的中间植入第二织物增强层,预针刺,形成初步胚毡;
步骤四:针刺加固,形成素毡;热定型、烧毛、压光,形成第一芳纶纤维网过滤层、第三芳纶纤维网非过滤层,得到芳纶过滤材料。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一项所述的用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料,所述芳纶过滤材料制备得到芳纶滤袋,所述芳纶滤袋在沥青、水泥窑,垃圾焚烧,钢铁领域的应用。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,其特征在于:所述芳纶过滤材料经过表面整理,包括以下工艺:
(1)改性单体的制备:
取3,5-二羟基苯甲酸、碳酸钾混合,于75~85℃温度下搅拌8~15min,加入1,3-双(氯甲基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷,反应24~36h;加入环氧氯丙烷,继续反应9~18h;得到支化有机硅;
取二甲苯,加入支化有机硅、亚麻油酸、四丁基溴化铵、氧化锌混合,在氮气氛围中,加热至115~125℃,搅拌30min;升温至185~205℃,反应60~90min,得到化合物A;
将化合物A、酸酐混合,加热至90~100℃,反应酯化3.0~3.5h;当体系酸值为29.0~30mgKOH/g时,降温至55~65℃,加入三乙胺,中和反应30~40min,至体系pH为7.5~8.5,得到改性单体;
(2)整理剂的制备:
取改性单体、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯、硅酸乙酯、2-甲基-2-丙烯酸十三烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、双丙酮丙烯酰胺、γ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷混合,得到混合单体;搅拌,加入乳化剂溶液混合均匀,加入三乙胺,升温至55~60℃反应100~150min,得到预乳液;
取聚四氟乙烯分散液,加入过硫酸钾、组分质量5%的预乳液,升温至73~85℃,保温20~30min;加入剩余组分预乳液,2~3h加完,升温至82~88℃,保温反应80~100min,得到整理剂;
(3)浸渍整理:
将芳纶过滤材料,置于整理剂中浸渍10~20min,浴比1:(10~30);在0.3~0.5Mpa下压轧;100~120℃热定型。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种用于超低排放的芳纶过滤材料的生产工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中1,3-双(氯甲基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、3,5-二羟基苯甲酸、碳酸钾、环氧氯丙烷的摩尔比为1:(1.0~1.5):(2.4~3.0):(1.0~2.5);
支化有机硅、亚麻油酸、四丁基溴化铵、氧化锌、二甲苯的质量比为100:(36~70):(0.88~1.10):(0.27~0.34):(32.6~40.8);
化合物A、酸酐的质量比为100:(16.2~25.6);
所述步骤(2)中,聚四氟乙烯、过硫酸钾、混合单体的质量比为100:(8.8~9.6):(16~20)。
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