CN114808442A - 一种整理液、制备方法、用途及高温烟气过滤材料 - Google Patents
一种整理液、制备方法、用途及高温烟气过滤材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种整理液，该整理液中具有SiO2气凝胶、聚酰亚胺液、水性单组份自干环氧酯树脂、水及助剂，所述助剂包括偶联剂、乳化剂、水性消泡剂、成膜剂、增稠剂中的至少一种。本发明的整理液完全基于化学连接的方式将SiO2气凝胶分布于滤材表面，不仅能大大提高耐高温、抗氧化性能，同时还能保证滤材本身的过滤性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于滤材技术领域，特别涉及含SiO2气凝胶的整理涂层液及具有该涂层的高温烟气过滤材料。
背景技术
高温过滤除尘技术是近年来在颗粒物捕集方面最具发展前途的技术之一。过滤介质是高温过滤技术的核心，可称为“心脏”。过滤介质的好坏直接影响过滤效果及寿命。由于工作温度高、气体腐蚀性强等特点，对高温气体除尘用过滤材料有很高的要求。过滤材料必须满足较强的过滤效率、优异的耐高温性能、一定的使用寿命。
二氧化硅气凝胶的比表面积可达600m2/g，其密度最低可至40kg/m3，分为亲水或疏水两种型号。微细二氧化硅气凝胶的制取方法一般通过气凝胶块的研磨获得。用作保温绝热，空气净化，水处理等功能结构夹层、填充层，或与其他材料复合、粘连使用。
现有技术已经有将二氧化硅气凝胶应用于高温烟气过滤材料的研究。如申请号为201710405798.1的一种过滤用的环保滤材，其由纳米聚苯硫醚丝、纳米玄武岩纤维丝、纳米碳纤维丝和纳米芳纶纤维丝混纺得到的纺织布，并依次向外形成氟美斯针刺毡、玻璃纤维水针毡、带微孔的薄膜、二氧化硅气凝胶和HEPA高效滤网。
但是这种层状结构基本都是靠物理结构来实现层与层之间的连接，滤材会存在如下缺陷：(1)连接强度差，易脱层，导致耐用性降低；(2)叠合性的结构会影响滤材原有的孔隙率，导致滤材本身的过滤性能降低。
发明内容
本发明旨在于提供一种整理液，具体技术方案如下：
本发明的整理液基于SiO2气凝胶形成，通过聚酰亚胺液、水性单组份自干环氧酯树脂、水及助剂将SiO2气凝胶制成液态状，可用于直接浸润高温烟气过滤材料以在高温烟气过滤材料表面形成涂层膜。
上述的助剂包括偶联剂、乳化剂、水性消泡剂、成膜剂、增稠剂中的至少一种，通常可以包括上述所有组分，各组分按质量份数计为：SiO2气凝胶0.01～0.05份，聚酰亚胺液10～15份，水性单组份自干环氧酯树脂4～10份，水10～15份，偶联剂1-5，乳化剂1～5份，水性消泡剂0.1～0.2份，成膜剂0.6～1.5份，增稠剂0.1～0.5份。
上述的聚酰亚胺液为热固性聚酰亚胺液体和热塑聚酰亚胺液体的一种或两种以上的混合物。
上述的水为去离子水。
上述的偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂KH550、KH560、KH570中的一种。
上述的水性单组份自干环氧酯树脂为水性自干环氧漆树脂(WX5800)、水性自干改性环氧树脂(6090)、单组份水性环氧树脂(WE511)的一种或两种以上的混合物。
上述的水性消泡剂为有机物类、二氧化硅类、有机硅类中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
上述的非离子乳化剂为烷基酚与环氧乙烷缩合物、脂肪醇与环氧乙烷缩合物、蓖麻油/氢化蓖麻油与环氧乙烷缩合物、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚一种或两种以上的混合物。
上述的成膜剂包括醇类、醇酯类、醇醚类、醇醚酯类中的一种或两种以上。
上述的增稠剂为有机粘土、纤维素类、缔合合成类、非缔合合成类的一种或两种以上的混合物。
本发明还提供了整理液的制备方法，该制备方法为：
(1)将聚酰亚胺、非离子乳化剂、水和SiO2气凝胶在均质机中分散均匀，转速控制在15000～20000r·min-1，制得SiO2气凝胶均匀分散液；
(2)将制备SiO2气凝胶均匀分散液、水性单组份自干环氧酯树脂、水性消泡剂和成膜助剂搅拌分散30～60min，再超声分散30～60min，得到含SiO2气凝胶复合液；
(3)向含SiO2气凝胶复合液中加入增稠剂，并调整粘度至80～100KU/25℃，搅拌分散30～60min，得到含SiO2气凝胶高温烟气过滤材料的整理涂层液。
上述制得的整理液用于强化高温烟气过滤材料，具体的强化方法为：将高温烟气过滤材料浸入所述整理液中，取出后依次进行压轧、烘干和热定型，以在高温烟气过滤材料表面形成含有SiO2气凝胶的涂层膜。
本发明的有益效果为：本发明的整理液完全基于化学连接的方式将SiO2气凝胶分布于滤材表面，不仅能大大提高耐高温、抗氧化性能，同时还能保证滤材本身的过滤性能。
说明书附图
图1为实施例1制备的含SiO2气凝胶高温烟气过滤材料SEM图；
图2为实施例4中对应于实施例1的含SiO2气凝胶高温烟气过滤材料的整理涂层SEM图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合实施例对本发明技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
实施例1
(1)热固性聚酰亚胺液体10份、去离子水15份、KH570 0.4份、烷基酚与环氧乙烷缩合物0.2份，纳米SiO2气凝胶0.05份在均质机中分散均匀，转速控制在20000r·min-1，制备出均匀分散液SiO2气凝胶均匀分散液；
(2)将制备SiO2气凝胶均匀分散液转移搅拌容器，分别加入8份水性自干环氧漆树脂(WX5800)、有机硅类消泡剂0.1份和成膜助剂1.0份搅拌分散30min，转速控制在2500r·min-1，再超声分散40min，得到SiO2气凝胶的复合液；
(3)再加入增稠剂，并调整粘度至60KU/25℃，搅拌分散60min，得到含SiO2气凝胶高温烟气过滤材料的整理涂层液。
实施例2
(1)热固性聚酰亚胺液体15份、去离子水15份、KH550 0.6份，蓖麻油/氢化蓖麻油与环氧乙烷缩合物0.3份，SiO2气凝胶0.03份在均质机中分散均匀，转速控制在20000r·min-1，制备出均匀分散液SiO2气凝胶均匀分散液；
(2)将制备SiO2气凝胶均匀分散液转移搅拌容器，分别加入水性自干改性环氧树脂(6090)8份、有机硅类消泡剂0.1份和成膜助剂1.0份搅拌分散30min，转速控制在2500r·min-1，再超声分散50min，得到SiO2气凝胶的复合液；
(3)再加入增稠剂，并调整粘度至80KU/25℃，搅拌分散60min，得到含SiO2气凝胶高温烟气过滤材料的整理涂层液。
实施例3
(1)热固性聚酰亚胺液体10份、去离子水15份、KH560 0.6份、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.3份，SiO2气凝胶粉体0.05份在均质机中分散均匀，转速控制在20000r·min-1，制备出均匀分散液SiO2气凝胶均匀分散液；
(2)将制备SiO2气凝胶均匀分散液转移搅拌容器，分别加入单组份水性环氧树脂(WE511)8份、有机硅类消泡剂0.1份和成膜助剂1.0份搅拌分散30min，转速控制在2500r·min-1，再超声分散60min，得到SiO2气凝胶的复合液；
(3)再加入增稠剂，并调整粘度至90KU/25℃，搅拌分散60min，得到含SiO2气凝胶高温烟气过滤材料的整理涂层液。
实施例4
将针剌毡浸入实施例1～3所制得的整理液中30～60min，取出针剌毡后将针剌毡压轧、烘干和热定型，针剌毡为聚苯硫醚、涤纶、锦纶或丙纶等化学纤维针刺毡，或化学纤维与玻璃纤维复合针刺毡，根据如下标准进行参数测定：
1.孔隙率的测试方法采用GB5935-1986轻工产品金属镀层的孔隙率测试方法；
2.孔径测试方法采用GB/T 19587-2004《气体吸附BET法测定固态物质比表面积》；
3.气体渗透性能测试方法采用GB/T 40260-2021高分子膜材料气体渗透性能测试方法。
详细测试参数见表1。
表1：含SiO2气凝胶高温烟气过滤材料性能试验结果及达标情况
| 检验项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
| 孔隙率(％) | 81 | 87 | 86 |
| 平均孔径(μm) | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| 气体渗透率m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>hbar | 25000 | 24000 | 23500 |
另外，图1为实施例1制备的含SiO2气凝胶高温烟气过滤材料SEM图；图2为实施例4中对应于实施例1的含SiO2气凝胶高温烟气过滤材料的整理涂层SEM图。
SiO2气凝胶是由SiO2胶体构成的纳米级多孔材料，具有极大的比表面积(800～1000m2/g)，孔隙率高达80％～99.8％，孔隙大小在50nm以内，具有极低的密度，号称最轻的固体或固体烟，利用高比表面积和高孔隙率也为实现滤料的“高效低阻”。通过SiO2气凝胶能够很好地保护过滤材料和纤维，能显著地提高其耐高温、抗氧化性能和透气性，也大大提其高强度，大大延长了过滤材料和纤维的使用寿命。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制。
Claims (6)
1.一种整理液，其特征在于，该整理液中具有SiO2气凝胶、聚酰亚胺液、水性单组份自干环氧酯树脂、水及助剂，所述助剂包括偶联剂、乳化剂、水性消泡剂、成膜剂、增稠剂中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种整理液，其特征在于，各组分按质量份数计为：SiO2气凝胶0.01～0.05份，聚酰亚胺液10～15份，水性单组份自干环氧酯树脂4～10份，水10～15份，偶联剂1-5，乳化剂1～5份，水性消泡剂0.1～0.2份，成膜剂0.6～1.5份，增稠剂0.1～0.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种整理液，其特征在于，所述整理液的制备方法为：
步骤一、聚酰亚胺、乳化剂、水和SiO2气凝胶在均质机中分散均匀，制得SiO2气凝胶均匀分散液；
步骤二、将SiO2气凝胶均匀分散液、水性单组份自干环氧酯树脂、水性消泡剂和成膜剂搅拌分散，再超声分散，得到含SiO2气凝胶复合液；
步骤三、向含SiO2气凝胶复合液中加入增稠剂，并调整粘度至80～100KU/25℃，搅拌分散，得到含SiO2气凝胶高温烟气过滤材料的整理涂层液。
4.根据根据权利要求1所述的一种整理液，其特征在于，所述整理液用于强化高温烟气过滤材料。
5.根据根据权利要求4所述的一种整理液，其特征在于，所述整理液强化高温烟气过滤材料的方法为：将高温烟气过滤材料浸入所述整理液中，取出后依次进行压轧、烘干和热定型，以在高温烟气过滤材料表面形成含有SiO2气凝胶的涂层膜。
6.一种高温烟气过滤材料，其特征在于，所述高温烟气过滤材料的表面具有涂层膜，所述涂层膜为根据权利要求1所述的整理液经浸润、压轧、烘干和热定型形成。
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