CN116141703A - 一种聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN116141703A
CN116141703A CN202310410319.0A CN202310410319A CN116141703A CN 116141703 A CN116141703 A CN 116141703A CN 202310410319 A CN202310410319 A CN 202310410319A CN 116141703 A CN116141703 A CN 116141703A
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composite material
damping
polyurethane
nitrile rubber
preparing
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崔西峰
张毅
麻永帅
唐泽辉
韩宇
仙宝君
于宗芝
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Tianjin Istar Space Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料及其制备方法，该方法使用碳纤维和玻璃纤维增强树脂基预浸料，提高了材料的力学性能。此外，使用氢化丁腈橡作为阻尼材料、引入纳米颗粒还可以改善复合材料的阻尼性能。

Description

一种聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料制备技术领域，尤其是涉及一种聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
在航空航天、汽车和住宅结构中，将粘弹性阻尼材料插入结构表面以降低振动和噪声，当结构受到弯曲振动时，约束阻尼层会发生剪切变形，结构通过剪切变形耗散能量以增加其阻尼。现有的一些复合阻尼材料注重阻尼性能的同时往往会忽略复合阻尼材料的力学性能的问题，因此，需要提出一种新的复合材料，以提高阻尼性能和力学性能，延长其使用寿命。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明旨在提出一种聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料及其制备方法，以解决上述问题。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料的制备方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
1）将阻尼材料氢化丁腈橡胶充分溶解，之后将玻璃纤维和碳纤维分别浸泡在氢化丁腈橡胶中，并对浸泡后的玻璃纤维和碳纤维进行烘干；
2）将浸泡后的玻璃纤维和碳纤维编织成混合织物；
3）使用聚氨酯对环氧树脂进行增韧改性，之后用增韧改性的环氧树脂浸渍步骤2）得到的混合织物制成预浸料；
4）将氢化丁腈橡胶充分溶解，并添加纳米二氧化硅后搅拌，之后将其涂刷或喷涂在预浸料的上下表面，得到阻尼材料，氢化丁腈橡胶与纳米二氧化硅的质量比为100:（1-10）；
5）将步骤3）制备的预浸料与步骤4）制备的阻尼材料分层叠放铺层，之后采用高压釜工艺，固化得到阻尼复合材料。
进一步，步骤1）和步骤4）中，使用四氢呋喃溶解氢化丁腈橡胶，玻璃纤维的直径为6-15μm，碳纤维的直径为5-8μm。
进一步，步骤1）中浸泡时间为30-50min，烘干温度为80-90℃，烘干时间为12-24h。
进一步，步骤2）先将玻璃纤维与碳纤维合成一股再进行编织，玻璃纤维与碳纤维的数量比例为1:4-10，编织的混合织物的厚度为1-3mm。
进一步，步骤3）中，先利用异氰酸酯制备聚氨酯预聚体，再利用聚氨酯预聚体与环氧树脂反应得到聚氨酯改性环氧树脂，异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯或己二异氰酸酯中的任一种，环氧树脂为双酚F型环氧树脂或双酚S型环氧树脂。
进一步，步骤3）中浸渍的时间为30-60min，浸渍后需进行烘干，烘干的温度为80-90℃。
进一步，步骤4）中涂刷或喷涂的厚度为0.15-0.3mm。
进一步，步骤5）中，预浸料为6-10偶数层，阻尼材料为2-4层，预浸料与阻尼材料的铺层方式为[0/G/0/G/……/0/0/0/0]或[0/0/……G/0/G/0/……/0/0]，其中G为阻尼材料，0为预浸料。
进一步，步骤5）中使用的固化剂为4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷或二乙基甲苯二胺中的一种；固化温度在110-130℃，固化压力2MPa，固化时间1.5-2.5h。
本发明还提供了一种由上述所述的制备方法制备的聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料。
相对于现有技术，本发明所述的聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料具有以下优势：
本发明所述的聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料使用碳纤维和玻璃纤维增强树脂基预浸料，提高了材料的力学性能。此外，使用氢化丁腈橡作为阻尼材料、引入纳米颗粒还可以改善复合材料的阻尼性能。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
下面将结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
实施例1
一种聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料的制备方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
1）使用四氢呋喃充分溶解阻尼材料氢化丁腈橡胶HNBR，四氢呋喃与氢化丁腈橡胶的质量比为4:1，静置24h，阻尼材料必须完全溶解；之后将玻璃纤维和碳纤维分别浸泡在氢化丁腈橡中50min，并对浸泡后的玻璃纤维和碳纤维进行烘干，烘干温度为80℃，烘干时间为18h；玻璃纤维的直径为8μm，碳纤维的直径为5μm；
2）先将浸泡后的玻璃纤维与碳纤维合成一股再进行编织，玻璃纤维与碳纤维的数量比例为1:4，编织的混合织物的厚度为1.5mm；
3）首先将聚乙二醇(PEG)和甲苯二异氰酸酯反应生成端异氰酯基预聚体，然后由端异氰酯基预聚体与双酚F型环氧树脂进行接枝反应，制备增韧环氧树脂；之后用增韧改性的环氧树脂浸渍步骤2）得到的混合织物制成预浸料，浸渍的时间为60min，浸渍后需进行烘干，烘干的温度为90℃；
4）使用四氢呋喃充分溶解阻尼材料氢化丁腈橡胶HNBR，四氢呋喃与氢化丁腈橡胶的质量比为4:1，静置24h，阻尼材料必须完全溶解；然后添加纳米二氧化硅后搅拌均匀，之后将其涂刷在预浸料的上下表面，涂刷厚度为0.15mm，得到阻尼材料，氢化丁腈橡胶与纳米二氧化硅的质量比为100:3；
5）将步骤3）制备的预浸料与步骤4）制备的阻尼材料分层叠放铺层，采用[0/G/0/G/0/G/0/0/0/0/0/0/0]的放置方式，之后放入高压釜中，使用的固化剂为4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷，温度在120℃，固化压力2MPa，时间为2h，固化得到阻尼复合材料。
实施例2
一种聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料的制备方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
1）使用四氢呋喃充分溶解阻尼材料氢化丁腈橡胶HNBR，四氢呋喃与氢化丁腈橡胶的质量比为4:1，静置24h，阻尼材料必须完全溶解；之后将玻璃纤维和碳纤维分别浸泡在氢化丁腈橡中45min，并对浸泡后的玻璃纤维和碳纤维进行烘干，烘干温度为85℃，烘干时间为20h；玻璃纤维的直径为10μm，碳纤维的直径为5μm；
2）先将浸泡后的玻璃纤维与碳纤维合成一股再进行编织，玻璃纤维与碳纤维的数量比例为1:7，编织的混合织物的厚度为1.9mm；
3）首先将聚丙二醇和二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯反应生成聚氨酯预聚体，然后由聚氨酯预聚体与双酚S型环氧树脂进行接枝反应，制备增韧环氧树脂；之后用增韧改性的环氧树脂浸渍步骤2）得到的混合织物制成预浸料，浸渍的时间为60min，浸渍后需进行烘干，烘干的温度为90℃；
4）使用四氢呋喃充分溶解阻尼材料氢化丁腈橡胶HNBR，四氢呋喃与氢化丁腈橡胶的质量比为4:1，静置24h，阻尼材料必须完全溶解；然后添加纳米二氧化硅后搅拌均匀，之后将其涂刷在预浸料的上下表面，涂刷厚度为0.2mm，得到阻尼材料，氢化丁腈橡胶与纳米二氧化硅的质量比为100:6；
5）将步骤3）制备的预浸料与步骤4）制备的阻尼材料分层叠放铺层，采用[0/0/0/0/G/0/G/0/G/0/0/0/0]的放置方式，之后放入高压釜中，使用的固化剂为二乙基甲苯二胺，温度在120℃，固化压力2MPa，时间为2.2h，固化得到阻尼复合材料。
实施例3
一种聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料的制备方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
1）使用四氢呋喃充分溶解阻尼材料氢化丁腈橡胶HNBR，四氢呋喃与氢化丁腈橡胶的质量比为4:1，静置24h，阻尼材料必须完全溶解；之后将玻璃纤维和碳纤维分别浸泡在氢化丁腈橡中30min，并对浸泡后的玻璃纤维和碳纤维进行烘干，烘干温度为90℃，烘干时间为24h；玻璃纤维的直径为13μm，碳纤维的直径为8μm；
2）先将浸泡后的玻璃纤维与碳纤维合成一股再进行编织，玻璃纤维与碳纤维的数量比例为1:8，编织的混合织物的厚度为2.3mm；
3）首先将聚乙二醇(PEG)和己二异氰酸酯反应生成聚氨酯预聚体，然后由聚氨酯预聚体与双酚F型环氧树脂进行接枝反应，制备增韧环氧树脂；之后用增韧改性的环氧树脂浸渍步骤2）得到的混合织物制成预浸料，浸渍的时间为60min，浸渍后需进行烘干，烘干的温度为90℃；
4）使用四氢呋喃充分溶解阻尼材料氢化丁腈橡胶HNBR，四氢呋喃与氢化丁腈橡胶的质量比为4:1，静置24h，阻尼材料必须完全溶解；然后添加纳米二氧化硅后搅拌均匀，之后将其涂刷在预浸料的上下表面，涂刷厚度为0.25mm，得到阻尼材料，氢化丁腈橡胶与纳米二氧化硅的质量比为100:10；
5）将步骤3）制备的预浸料与步骤4）制备的阻尼材料分层叠放铺层，采用[0/G/0/G/0/G/0/0/0/0/0]的放置方式，之后放入高压釜中，使用的固化剂为4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷，温度在130℃，固化压力2MPa，时间为2.5h，固化得到阻尼复合材料。
对比例1
在上述实施例1的基础上，去掉纳米二氧化硅制得阻尼复合材料。
对比例2
在上述实施例1的基础上，氢化丁腈橡胶与纳米二氧化硅的质量比为100:20制得阻尼复合材料。
对比例3
在上述实施例1的基础上，步骤3）仅使用双酚F型环氧树脂制成预浸料，最后制得阻尼复合材料。
对比例4
在上述实施例1的基础上，仅使用玻璃纤维。
对比例5
在上述实施例1的基础上，仅使用碳纤维。
对比例6
在上述实施例1的基础上，玻璃纤维与碳纤维的数量比例为1:1。
对比例7
在上述实施例1的基础上，直接使用未经氢化丁腈橡胶浸泡的玻璃纤维和碳纤维编织成混合织物。
对照组
在上述实施例1的基础上，不使用阻尼材料氢化丁腈橡胶。
表1 实施例及对比例性能测试
Figure SMS_1
注：阻尼系数为实施例或对比例与对照组的相对阻尼系数。
从表1中发现，实施例1-3所制备的阻尼复合材料的阻尼性能和力学性能都优于对比例1-7和对照组。从实施例和对比例1-2可知，添加纳米二氧化硅并保证添加的比例在本申请设置的范围内，可改善复合材料的阻尼性能。从实施例和对比例3可知，使用聚氨酯改性的环氧树脂的力学性能能够得到改善。从实施例和对比例4-6可知，同时使用玻璃纤维与碳纤维并保证玻璃纤维与碳纤维添加的比例在本申请设置的范围内，可改善复合材料的力学性能。从实施例和对比例7可知，预先使用氢化丁腈橡胶浸泡玻璃纤维和碳纤维可以提高复合材料的阻尼性能。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：该方法包括如下步骤：
1）将阻尼材料氢化丁腈橡胶充分溶解，之后将玻璃纤维和碳纤维分别浸泡在氢化丁腈橡胶中，并对浸泡后的玻璃纤维和碳纤维进行烘干；
2）将浸泡后的玻璃纤维和碳纤维编织成混合织物；
3）使用聚氨酯对环氧树脂进行增韧改性，之后用增韧改性的环氧树脂浸渍步骤2）得到的混合织物制成预浸料；
4）将氢化丁腈橡胶充分溶解，并添加纳米二氧化硅后搅拌，之后将其涂刷或喷涂在预浸料的上下表面，得到阻尼材料，氢化丁腈橡胶与纳米二氧化硅的质量比为100:（1-10）；
5）将步骤3）制备的预浸料与步骤4）制备的阻尼材料分层叠放铺层，之后采用高压釜工艺，固化得到阻尼复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1）和步骤4）中，使用四氢呋喃溶解氢化丁腈橡胶，玻璃纤维的直径为6-15μm，碳纤维的直径为5-8μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1）中浸泡时间为30-50min，烘干温度为80-90℃，烘干时间为12-24h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤2）先将玻璃纤维与碳纤维合成一股再进行编织，玻璃纤维与碳纤维的数量比例为1:（4-10），编织的混合织物的厚度为1-3mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤3）中，先利用异氰酸酯制备聚氨酯预聚体，再利用聚氨酯预聚体与环氧树脂反应得到聚氨酯改性环氧树脂，异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯或己二异氰酸酯中的任一种，环氧树脂为双酚F型环氧树脂或双酚S型环氧树脂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤3）中浸渍的时间为30-60min，浸渍后需进行烘干，烘干的温度为80-90℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤4）中涂刷或喷涂的厚度为0.15-0.3mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤5）中，预浸料为6-10偶数层，阻尼材料为2-4层，预浸料与阻尼材料的铺层方式为[0/G/0/G/……/0/0/0/0]或[0/0/……G/0/G/0/……/0/0]，其中G为阻尼材料，0为预浸料。
9.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤5）中使用的固化剂为4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷或二乙基甲苯二胺中的一种；固化温度在110-130℃，固化压力2MPa，固化时间1.5-2.5h。
10.一种由权利要求1-9任一项所述的制备方法制备的聚氨酯增韧环氧基阻尼复合材料。
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