CN116114570B

CN116114570B - Tomato planting matrix and preparation method of matrix blocks thereof

Info

Publication number: CN116114570B
Application number: CN202310281533.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈忠良; 孙学花; 熊海宇; 姚坚; 韩翩
Original assignee: Huaian Dahua Bio Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Huaian Dahua Bio Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-03-22
Filing date: 2023-03-22
Publication date: 2023-09-19
Anticipated expiration: 2043-03-22
Also published as: CN116114570A

Abstract

The invention discloses a tomato planting matrix, and belongs to the field of planting matrixes. The matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of tea residues, 10-20 parts of mushroom residues, 20-30 parts of agaricus bisporus stipe, 10-20 parts of vermiculite and 8-10 parts of coconut palm fibers. The invention also provides a preparation method of the tomato planting matrix block, which comprises the following steps: s1, the following raw materials in parts by weight: mixing 20-30 parts of tea leaves, 10-20 parts of mushroom residues, 20-30 parts of agaricus bisporus stipe, 10-20 parts of vermiculite and 8-10 parts of coconut palm fibers, and naturally fermenting for one month to obtain a planting matrix; s2, preparing a matrix box, and placing the planting matrix into the matrix box to prepare a planting matrix block. The tomato planting substrate and the preparation method of the substrate block thereof provided by the invention can obviously improve the yield and single fruit quality, reduce the thickness requirement of the substrate layer and improve the stability of plants.

Description

Tomato planting matrix and preparation method of matrix blocks thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of planting matrixes, in particular to a tomato planting matrix and a preparation method of matrix blocks thereof.

Background

The matrix is an important component of seedling, and is artificial soil prepared from organic and inorganic materials according to the growth requirement of the seedling.

Tomato is a very common vegetable, and the pH value of soil and the nutrient requirement are all certain requirements when being planted, nitrogen plays an important role in the growth of stems and leaves of the tomato and the development of fruits, and the absorption of nitrogen by plants gradually increases to the peak of the absorption of nitrogen in the fruiting period from fruit setting to swelling period. Therefore, the tomato must be supplemented with nitrogen fertilizer in time to reach deep leaves.

Currently, the substrates for industrialized tomato planting mainly have two forms:

a dispersion matrix and a shaped matrix. The seedling raising container is needed for the seedling raising of the discrete substrate, and a large amount of plastic seedling raising containers (plug trays) are used in the early stage, but the plastic plug trays are difficult to separate and recycle when being mixed with the planting substrate, and are difficult to degrade, so that serious resource waste and environmental pollution are caused, and the health of animals, plants and human bodies is more potentially threatened. When the dispersion substrate is planted, the seedling stage can be carried out, the seedling plant is higher and the bearing weight is heavier for larger plants and fruiting stages, the plants need strong root systems to realize stability, so that the substrate layer needs to be thicker (the depth of the main root of the tomato in soil can be more than 1.5 meters, the root system can be unfolded to be about 2.3 meters, and the substrate layer needs to be arranged for the growth of the tomato), and certain requirements are met for the strength of the substrate, on the one hand, the strength of the dispersion substrate is difficult to meet the requirements, and on the other hand, the thicker substrate layer greatly increases the planting cost and also has larger requirements for the planting space.

The formed matrix block is formed by adding a certain binder and a shaping agent into a dispersion matrix (such as turf, straw, aerobic rotting clinker, earthworm rotting clinker and the like) suitable for seedling raising through mechanical pressure compression, and has certain mechanical strength, so that the formed matrix block can keep an inherent shape during seedling raising. However, the matrix needs to be added with a binder and a shaping agent, and has poor water retention performance; meanwhile, the binder and the shaping agent can influence the growth of microorganisms, which is unfavorable for the growth of crops.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a tomato planting matrix and a preparation method of matrix blocks thereof, which can solve the problems of low strength of a dispersion matrix, poor water retention performance of a formed matrix block and influence on microorganism growth in the prior art.

The tomato planting matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of tea residues, 10-20 parts of mushroom residues, 20-30 parts of agaricus bisporus stipe, 10-20 parts of vermiculite and 8-10 parts of coconut palm fibers.

More preferably, the length of the coconut palm fibers is 10-15 cm.

More preferably, the tea residue is residue of soaked green tea.

More preferably, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of tea leaves, 15 parts of mushroom residues, 25 parts of agaricus bisporus stipe, 15 parts of vermiculite and 9 parts of coconut palm fibers.

More preferably, the length of the coir filaments is 12cm.

A preparation method of tomato planting substrate blocks comprises the following steps:

s1, the following raw materials in parts by weight: mixing 20-30 parts of tea leaves, 10-20 parts of mushroom residues, 20-30 parts of agaricus bisporus stipe, 10-20 parts of vermiculite and 8-10 parts of coconut palm fibers, and naturally fermenting for one month to obtain a planting matrix;

s2, preparing a matrix box, and placing the planting matrix into the matrix box to prepare a planting matrix block.

More preferably, a fixed net which is horizontally arranged is arranged in the matrix box, the periphery of the fixed net is embedded in the matrix box, and the fixed net is provided with a plurality of containing holes for containing plant root systems to pass through.

More preferably, the fixation mesh is a rigid wire mesh.

More preferably, the S2 includes:

s21, paving water-absorbent resin below the fixed net to form a water-retaining layer;

s22, laying a planting matrix above the water-retaining layer to form a matrix layer, and fully burying the fixed net in the matrix layer to obtain a planting matrix block.

More preferably, the thickness ratio of the water retention layer to the substrate layer is 1:3-1:4.

The invention provides a tomato planting matrix, which is characterized in that coconut palm fibers are added, so that the coconut palm fibers have super-strong water absorption capacity, are breathable and heat-insulating, are rich in plant fibers, can form a network structure in the matrix, and enhance the structural strength of the matrix; the tea residues are rich in potassium elements, so that the contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are rapidly increased after the tea residues are piled and retted, and the addition of the tea residues can not only improve the soil fertility and improve the soil structure, but also inhibit the nitrification of ammonium nitrogen such as ammonium sulfate, urea and the like, and reduce the volatilization loss of inorganic nitrogen; the mushroom residue contains rich crude proteins, crude fat, nitrogen extract and mineral elements such as phosphorus, calcium, potassium, silicon and the like, and can well promote the growth of crops; the agaricus bisporus stipe has good water absorbability and agglomeration property, is rich in protein and mineral elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, can act together with coconut palm fibers, and can effectively improve matrix nutrients while improving matrix strength.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the tomato planting substrate block, and the fixed net can form a supporting effect on the substrate and the root system of the plant by arranging the fixed net, so that the root system of the plant can grow along the peripheral side, the thickness of the substrate layer can be reduced, and meanwhile, due to the existence of the fixed net, a larger supporting force can be formed in the mature period of the fruit, and the plant is prevented from toppling. Because the matrix compaction can become the compactness gradually under the action of gravity when watering, the gas permeability is variation, and because the absorbent resin lays in this scheme in the downside of fixed network and matrix, when absorbent resin absorbs water, can effectually store moisture, improve the water storage ability of matrix piece, simultaneously because absorbent resin can become semi-solid after absorbing water, its whole occupied volume reduces (the clearance between the absorbent resin disappears) for the thickness of water retention layer reduces, and at this moment the matrix layer can move down under the action of gravity, and the matrix layer moves down in-process can receive the hindrance of fixed network, makes the clearance between the matrix layer, thereby improves the gas permeability of matrix layer. The tomatoes are favored to weak acidic soil, the mushroom residues are acidic, the tea residues are alkaline, and the acidity is moderate after neutralization fermentation, so that the tomato cultivation method is suitable for tomato cultivation.

Because the matrix is weak acid, the fixed net (wire netting) can be slowly corroded in a weak acid environment, and ferrous cations can be released by the weak acid environment and can be absorbed and utilized by tomatoes, and no additional iron element is needed.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a matrix block according to the present invention.

10. A matrix cassette; 11. a water-retaining layer; 12. a fixed net; 13. a matrix layer.

Description of the embodiments

One embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiment.

The tomato planting matrix provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of tea residues, 10-20 parts of mushroom residues, 20-30 parts of agaricus bisporus stipe, 10-20 parts of vermiculite and 8-10 parts of coconut palm fibers.

Further, the length of the coconut palm fibers is 10-15 cm.

Further, the tea residue is the residue of soaked green tea.

s2, placing the planting substrate into the substrate box 10, wherein a fixing net 12 which is horizontally arranged is arranged in the substrate box 10, the fixing net 12 is a rigid wire net, the periphery of the fixing net 12 is embedded in the substrate box 10, and a plurality of storage holes for accommodating plant root systems to pass through are formed in the fixing net 12.

S21, paving water-absorbent resin below the fixed net 12 to form a water-retaining layer 11;

s22, laying a planting matrix above the water-retaining layer 11 to form a matrix layer 13, and fully burying the fixed net 12 in the matrix layer 13 to prepare a planting matrix block.

Further, the thickness ratio of the water retention layer 11 to the substrate layer 13 is 1:3 to 1:4.

Examples

The tomato planting matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of tea leaves, 10 parts of mushroom residues, 20 parts of agaricus bisporus stipe, 10 parts of vermiculite and 8 parts of coconut palm fibers.

s1, the following raw materials in parts by weight: mixing 20 parts of tea residues, 10 parts of mushroom residues, 20 parts of agaricus bisporus stipe, 10 parts of vermiculite and 8 parts of coconut palm fibers, and naturally fermenting for one month to obtain a planting matrix;

s21, preparing a substrate box 10, wherein a horizontally arranged fixed net 12 is arranged in the substrate box 10, the periphery of the fixed net 12 is embedded in the substrate box 10, a plurality of containing holes for containing plant root systems to pass through are formed in the fixed net 12, the fixed net 12 is a rigid wire net, and water-absorbing resin is paved below the fixed net 12 to form a water-retaining layer 11;

s22, laying a planting matrix above the water-retaining layer 11 to form a matrix layer 13, and fully burying the fixed net 12 in the matrix layer 13 to prepare a planting matrix block. Wherein, the thickness ratio of the water-retaining layer 11 and the matrix layer 13 is 1:3, and the thickness of the matrix layer 13 is 0.2m.

Examples

The tomato planting matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of tea leaves, 15 parts of mushroom residues, 25 parts of agaricus bisporus stipe, 15 parts of vermiculite and 9 parts of coconut palm fibers.

s1, the following raw materials in parts by weight: mixing 25 parts of tea residues, 15 parts of mushroom residues, 25 parts of agaricus bisporus stipe, 15 parts of vermiculite and 9 parts of coconut palm fibers, and naturally fermenting for one month to obtain a planting matrix;

Examples

The tomato planting matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of tea leaves, 20 parts of mushroom residues, 30 parts of agaricus bisporus stipe, 20 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of coconut palm fibers.

s1, the following raw materials in parts by weight: mixing 30 parts of tea residues, 20 parts of mushroom residues, 30 parts of agaricus bisporus stipe, 20 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of coconut palm fibers, and naturally fermenting for one month to obtain a planting matrix;

s22, laying a planting matrix above the water-retaining layer 11 to form a matrix layer 13, and fully burying the fixed net 12 in the matrix layer 13 to prepare a planting matrix block. Wherein, the thickness ratio of the water-retaining layer 11 and the matrix layer 13 is 1:4, and the thickness of the matrix layer 13 is 0.2m.

Comparative example one:

this comparative example was conducted in the same manner as in example II except that the tea leaves were removed.

Comparative example two:

this comparative example was conducted by removing the mushroom residue in the second example, and the remainder was the same as in the first example.

Comparative example three:

this comparative example was conducted in the same manner as in example II except that the mushroom stem was removed.

Comparative example four:

this comparative example was conducted except that the shredded coconut coir in the second example was removed, and the rest was the same as in the second example.

Comparative example five:

this comparative example was conducted in the same manner as in example II except that the mushroom residue and the agaricus bisporus petiole were removed.

Comparative example six:

this comparative example was conducted in the same manner as in example II except that the mushroom residue and tea residue were removed.

Comparative example seven:

the comparative example was carried out without the water-retaining layer 11, and the same as in the example was carried out except that the same volume of the substrate was used instead.

Comparative example eight:

this comparative example uses a commercially available matrix cassette 10 (without a fixed mesh 12) and the remainder is the same as the example.

Comparative example nine:

the comparative example adopts a bracket to support the plants, avoids the plants from toppling over, and the rest is the same as the embodiment.

For examples one to three and comparative examples one to six, planting experiments were performed in a vegetable greenhouse demonstration area in the Shandong province of the god of the tsfoot province, the tomato 'Fu powder No. 1' was used as a test seed variety, a matrix block cultivation mode was adopted, the operations of field planting, pruning and vine guiding, flower and fruit management and the like which are conventional in the field were adopted for plant management, after planting, other examples and comparative examples were not performed any maintenance (i.e. no support assistance was performed after the plant was toppled over), the planting yield and quality were shown in the following table, wherein the single fruit weight, the single plant yield and the lodging proportion were counted when fruits were hung for 60 days, and the lodging proportion was counted when plants toppled over 45 ° per 10 plants were counted as lodging plants:

description of the embodiments	Single fruit weight (g)	Single plant yield (kg)	Lodging proportion
				Example 1	283	16.4	0
Example two	289	17.2	0
				Example III	279	16.8	0
Comparative example one	165	10.4	0
				Comparative example two	170	11	0
Comparative example three	180	11.4	0
				Comparative example four	240	14	30%
Comparative example five	150	9	0
				Comparative example six	155	8.5	0
Comparative example seven	210	11.8	0
				Comparative example eight	120	4	70%
Comparative example nine	220	14.1	0

From the above data, it can be seen that:

1. the planting matrix can effectively improve the yield, and has high single fruit quality, large weight and high single plant yield;

2. the tea leaves have higher potassium content, and the tomatoes belong to potassium-like crops, have the highest potassium requirement, and can promote the development, expansion and coloring of fruits especially in the fruit expansion period. The single fruit weight can be effectively increased through the planting matrix;

3. the strength and the loosening resistance of the matrix can be obviously enhanced by adding the shredded coconut, the stabilizing effect on plants is obvious, the shredded coconut has better water retention and good effect on crop growth;

4. by adding the water-retaining layer 11, the air permeability of soil can be improved, the plant growth is promoted, and the yield is effectively improved;

5. the setting of fixed network 12, under the condition of showing reduction matrix layer 13 thickness, can effectively improve the growth stability of plant, even in the fruit bearing period, also can be fine keep the stability of plant, and the iron wire netting produces the iron ion of free state under the acidic environment simultaneously, can effectively be absorbed by the tomato, improves output and single fruit weight.

The foregoing disclosure is merely illustrative of some embodiments of the invention, but the embodiments are not limited thereto and variations within the scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A preparation method of tomato planting substrate blocks, which is characterized in that the substrate blocks comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of tea residues, 10-20 parts of mushroom residues, 20-30 parts of agaricus bisporus stipes, 10-20 parts of vermiculite and 8-10 parts of coconut palm fibers;

the method comprises the following steps:

s21, preparing a matrix box, wherein a horizontally arranged fixed net is arranged in the matrix box, and the fixed net is a rigid wire net; the periphery of the fixed net is embedded in the matrix box, and the fixed net is provided with a plurality of storage holes for accommodating plant root systems to pass through; paving water-absorbing resin below the fixed net to form a water-retaining layer;

s22, laying a planting matrix above the water-retaining layer to form a matrix layer, wherein the fixed net is completely embedded in the matrix layer to prepare a planting matrix block; wherein the thickness ratio of the water retention layer to the substrate layer is 1:3-1:4.

2. The method for preparing a tomato planting matrix block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coconut palm fibers have a length of 10-15 cm.

3. A method of preparing a tomato planting substrate block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tea grounds are residues of green tea after soaking.

4. A method for preparing a tomato planting substrate block as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of tea leaves, 15 parts of mushroom residues, 25 parts of agaricus bisporus stipe, 15 parts of vermiculite and 9 parts of coconut palm fibers.

5. A method of preparing a tomato planting matrix block as claimed in claim 4, wherein the coconut palm fiber has a length of 12cm.