CN116063099A - 一种石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的制备方法,由石墨烯泡沫和氧化硅粒子组成,氧化硅由硅酸酯水解得到,石墨烯泡沫由氧化石墨烯经过化学交联和还原得到,石墨烯的质量含量为0.05%‑5%,氧化硅的质量含量为95%‑99.95%,氧化石墨烯在溶剂热的过程中,形成三维网络结构,浸渍于硅酸酯前驱体溶液中,硅酸酯水解形成氧化硅纳米粒子附着在石墨烯片层表面,经过高温退火处理,氧化石墨烯进一步还原,同时氧化硅粒子烧结成型,形成石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷,其具有优异的导电性能,在催化,吸附分离,阻燃等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及多孔陶瓷制备技术领域,特别涉及一种石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的制备方法。
背景技术:
多孔陶瓷在实际生产生活中有着重要的应用价值,目前多孔陶瓷的制备方法主要有模板法,发泡法,牺牲剂法,部分烧结法等,得到的多孔陶瓷往往具有50%以上的孔隙率,可以应用于结构材料,过滤分离等领域。近来,90%以上孔隙率的低密度泡沫陶瓷的开发也越来越引起研究者们的重视,低密度陶瓷在隔热材料,阻燃材料,吸附分离等领域有着广阔的应用前景。
而目前高孔隙率的多孔陶瓷主要是通过模板法与溶胶凝胶法结合的方法制得,能够得到孔隙率在90%以上的泡沫陶瓷。使用的模板多为高分子泡沫材料,在后续的处理中需要通过化学处理或者高温烧结除去模板,容易造成污染和浪费。
发明内容:
本发明提供了一种石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的制备方法,由石墨烯泡沫和氧化硅粒子组成,氧化硅由硅酸酯水解得到,石墨烯泡沫由氧化石墨烯经过化学交联和还原得到,石墨烯的质量含量为0.05%-5%,氧化硅的质量含量为95%-99.95%,氧化石墨烯在溶剂热的过程中,形成三维网络结构,浸渍于硅酸酯前驱体溶液中,硅酸酯水解形成氧化硅纳米粒子附着在石墨烯片层表面,经过高温退火处理,氧化石墨烯进一步还原,同时氧化硅粒子烧结成型,形成石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷。
具体步骤如下:
(1)将氧化石墨烯粉末加入到蒸馏水、有机溶剂或它们的混合物中,搅拌得到氧化石墨烯分散液;
(2)将氧化石墨烯分散液中倒入反应釜中,进行溶剂热反应,在高温高压的条件下,氧化石墨烯交联形成网络结构,再经过冷冻干燥制备得到石墨烯泡沫;
(3)配置前驱体溶液,将硅酸酯,水,催化剂加入到乙醇溶剂中;
(4)将石墨烯泡沫真空浸渍在前驱体溶液之中,加热促进硅酸酯水解聚合,使用清水清洗产物数次,烘干样品;
(5)重复步骤(4)可以调节氧化硅的负载量;
(6)高温退火处理,烧结氧化硅的同时还原氧化石墨烯,提高复合材料的力学强度,得到石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷。
作为优选,配置氧化石墨烯分散液时所述有机溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃和丙酮中的一种或两种以上任意比例的混合物。
作为优选,用于制备所述氧化石墨烯分散液的氧化石墨烯为单层氧化石墨烯或少层(2-10层)氧化石墨烯;所述氧化石墨烯分散液中氧化石墨烯的浓度为0.1mg/mL-10mg/mL。
作为优选,所述溶剂热反应温度为80℃-200℃,反应时间为6h-24h。
作为优选,前驱体溶液中所述硅酸酯为硅酸甲酯,硅酸乙酯,硅酸丙酯,硅酸丁酯的一种或两种以上任意比例的混合物。
作为优选,前驱体溶液中所述催化剂为盐酸,硫酸,冰乙酸,氯化钙,氨水,水合肼的一种或两种以上任意比例的混合物。
作为优选,前驱体溶液中,硅酸酯与乙醇的体积比范围为1:1至1:5,水与乙醇的体积比范围为1:2至1:10,催化剂与乙醇的体积比范围为1:10至1:100。
作为优选,加热促进硅酸酯水解聚合时的温度为40-100℃,优选60℃,加热时间1-24h。
作为优选,所述高温退火过程在氩气,氮气等惰性气氛中进行,升温速率1-50℃/min,烧结温度为800-2000℃,保温时间为1-24h。
作为优选,所制得石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的孔隙率在90%-99%,密度在0.02-0.2g cm-3。
作为优选,所制得石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的电导率在10-5-10-2S/m。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明的多孔陶瓷由石墨烯泡沫和氧化硅粒子组成,氧化硅由硅酸酯水解得到,石墨烯泡沫由氧化石墨烯经过化学交联和还原得到,石墨烯的质量含量为0.05%-5%,氧化硅的质量含量为95%-99.95%,氧化石墨烯在溶剂热的过程中,形成三维网络结构,浸渍于硅酸酯前驱体溶液中,硅酸酯水解形成氧化硅纳米粒子附着在石墨烯片层表面,经过高温退火处理,氧化石墨烯进一步还原,同时氧化硅粒子烧结成型,形成石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷;
本发明以石墨烯泡沫为模板,通过溶胶凝胶法在石墨烯片层上原位生成二氧化硅纳米片层结构,制备了以二氧化硅-石墨烯-二氧化硅夹层结构为构筑单元的石墨烯复合氧化硅多孔陶瓷,孔隙率在90%以上,石墨烯泡沫结构为二氧化硅的生长提供模板和支撑,这种新型的石墨烯复合氧化硅多孔陶瓷由于其独特的形貌和性质,在催化,吸附分离,阻燃等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明:
图1为本发明中石墨烯泡沫的扫描电镜图;
图2为本发明中石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式:
结合附图对本发明的一种石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的制备方法,做进一步说明。
实施例1:
将氧化石墨烯的乙醇溶液配置成1.5mg ml-1,加入反应釜之中,溶剂热反应温度和时间为180℃ 12h,将溶剂置换成水,使用液氮进行冷冻,再使用冷冻干燥机进行冻干,除去水分,得到石墨烯泡沫。前驱体溶液配置:烧杯中依次加入36ml乙醇,18ml正硅酸乙酯,9ml水和1.8ml氨水,搅拌溶解。将石墨烯泡沫真空浸入前驱体溶液中,而后60℃加热3小时使前驱体充分溶胶化,使用蒸馏水对产物进行反复清洗,而后75℃烘干,最后使用管式炉对样品进行退火处理,1000℃ 2h,氩气气氛保护,得到产物石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷,孔隙率大于95%
实施例2:
将氧化石墨烯的水溶液配置成0.3mg ml-1,加入反应釜之中,溶剂热反应温度和时间为150℃ 10h,使用液氮进行冷冻,再使用冷冻干燥机进行冻干,除去水分,得到石墨烯泡沫。前驱体溶液配置:烧杯中依次加入36ml乙醇,15ml正硅酸丙酯,9ml水和1ml盐酸,搅拌溶解。将石墨烯泡沫真空浸入前驱体溶液中,而后60℃加热5小时使前驱体充分溶胶化,使用蒸馏水对产物进行反复清洗,而后80℃烘干,之后再次浸渍于上述前驱体溶液,再经过加热溶胶,清洗和烘干。最后使用管式炉对样品进行退火处理,1000℃ 2h,氩气气氛保护,得到产物石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷,孔隙率大于92%。
实施例3:
将氧化石墨烯的异丙醇溶液配置成0.5mg ml-1,加入反应釜之中,溶剂热反应温度和时间为180℃ 12h,将溶剂置换成水,使用液氮进行冷冻,再使用冷冻干燥机进行冻干,除去水分,得到石墨烯泡沫。前驱体溶液配置:烧杯中依次加入40ml乙醇,20ml正硅酸丁酯,12ml水和1ml冰醋酸,搅拌溶解。将三维石墨烯泡沫真空浸入前驱体溶液中,而后60℃加热3小时使前驱体充分溶胶化,使用蒸馏水对产物进行反复清洗,而后80℃烘干,最后使用管式炉对样品进行退火处理,1200℃ 2h,氮气气氛保护,得到产物石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷,孔隙率大于96%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括有以下步骤:
S1、将氧化石墨烯粉末加入到蒸馏水、有机溶剂或它们的混合物中,搅拌得到氧化石墨烯分散液;
S2、将氧化石墨烯分散液中倒入反应釜中,进行溶剂热反应,在高温高压的条件下,氧化石墨烯交联形成网络结构,再经过冷冻干燥制备得到石墨烯泡沫;
S3、配置前驱体溶液,将硅酸酯,水,催化剂加入到乙醇溶剂中;
S4、将石墨烯泡沫真空浸渍在前驱体溶液之中,加热促进硅酸酯水解聚合,使用清水清洗产物数次,烘干样品;
S5、重复步骤S4可以调节氧化硅的负载量;
S6、高温退火处理,烧结氧化硅的同时还原氧化石墨烯,提高复合材料的力学强度,得到石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中的有机溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃和丙酮中的一种或两种以上任意比例的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中的氧化石墨烯粉末为单层氧化石墨烯或2-10层的氧化石墨烯;所述氧化石墨烯分散液中氧化石墨烯的浓度为0.1mg/mL-10mg/mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中溶剂热反应的温度为80℃-200℃,反应时间为6h-24h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中硅酸酯为硅酸甲酯、硅酸乙酯、硅酸丙酯和硅酸丁酯的一种或两种以上任意比例的混合物;催化剂为盐酸、硫酸、冰乙酸、氯化钙、氨水和水合肼的一种或两种以上任意比例的混合物;硅酸酯与乙醇的体积比为1:1-1:5,水与乙醇的体积比为1:2-1:10,催化剂与乙醇的体积比为1:10-1:100。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S4中加热温度为40℃-100℃,加热时间1h-24h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S6的高温退火过程在惰性气氛中进行,升温速率1-50℃/min,烧结温度为800℃-2000℃,保温时间为1h-24h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所制得石墨烯复合多孔氧化硅陶瓷的孔隙率为90%-99%,密度为0.02g/cm3-0.2g/cm3,电导率为10-5-10-2S/m。
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