CN116003279B - 一种绿色的n-甲基酰胺化合物的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种绿色的n-甲基酰胺化合物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN116003279B
CN116003279B CN202210663316.3A CN202210663316A CN116003279B CN 116003279 B CN116003279 B CN 116003279B CN 202210663316 A CN202210663316 A CN 202210663316A CN 116003279 B CN116003279 B CN 116003279B
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CN116003279A (zh
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万小兵
廉鹏程
李如一
万潇
项紫欣
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Suzhou University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种绿色的N‑甲基酰胺化合物的制备方法,以LED灯作为光源提供能量,经济易得的三级酰胺作为反应底物,氯化铜为催化剂,市场可购买的盐酸为添加剂,丙酮为溶剂。与现有技术相比较,本发明方法具有以下优点:采用绿色、温和、环境友好的可见光催化的反应模式;反应体系简单且底物范围广,芳香族和脂肪族酰胺均适用于该方法;反应产率较高;操作比较简单、原料廉价易得。

Description

一种绿色的N-甲基酰胺化合物的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及绿色的可见光催化的N-甲基酰胺化合物的制备方法,属于有机合成技术领域。
背景技术
N-甲基酰胺类化合物是一类重要的结构骨架,在医药、农用化学品、聚合物、功能性有机材料、天然产物等领域普遍存在。很多药物分子中均含有N-甲基酰胺骨架,如阿昔替尼(Axitinib):一种小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,可抑制多种靶标,包括VEGFR-1,VEGFR-2,VEGFR-3,血小板衍生生长因子受体(PDGFR)和cKIT(CD117);水杨酸毒扁豆碱(Physostigmine salicylate):一种可逆的乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE) 抑制剂,可以透过血脑屏障并刺激中枢胆碱能神经传递,并且能逆转阿尔茨海默病转基因小鼠的记忆缺陷,除此之外,该药物分子也是抗胆碱能中毒的解毒剂;恩杂鲁胺(Enzalutamide):一种雄激素受体(androgen receptor (AR)) 拮抗剂,在 LNCaP 前列腺细胞中抑制AR的IC50值为 36 nM,Enzalutamide是一种自噬 (Autophagy) 激活剂。因此合成N-甲基酰胺类化合物显得尤为重要。三级酰胺的去甲基化是构建N-甲基酰胺类化合物的重要方法。通过文献调查发现,这类方法都存在一些明显的不足之处,诸如反应条件苛刻,产率低、底物范围窄、反应高温、使用比较昂贵的金属催化剂、需要过量的氧化剂、反应模式单一(大多为热反应)等。例如:(1)2004年,Iley课题组将四苯基卟啉铁(III)氯化物和叔丁醇结合作为一种高活性的氧化剂,实现了由三级酰胺去甲基化制备N-甲基酰胺类化合物。该方法底物局限芳香族酰胺,并且铁络合物需要预制备,操作比较繁琐。(2)2014年,Moriyama课题组以过氧单磺酸钾为氧化剂,溴化钾为自由基源,在50℃条件下,实现三级酰胺的去苄基化,该反应中涉及亚铵阳离子的生成。该反应需要当量的氧化剂和无机盐。(3)2015年,Reeves课题组以过量甲磺酸为添加剂,在90℃条件下实现三级酰胺去异丙基化。该反应使用强酸为添加剂,条件苛刻,并且产率较低。(4)2019年,Jones团队,在电化学条件下实现N,N-二乙基苯甲酰胺的选择性去乙基化。(5)2020年,张玉霞课题组,以乙酰丙酮铜为催化剂,N-氟代双苯磺酰胺为氧化剂,甲醇为氢源,在80℃下,氮气氛围中实现了三级酰胺的去甲基化。该方法产率较低,底物比较局限,不利于工业上的大规模合成应用。
综上所述,目前报道的这些酰胺去烷基化的方法,反应过程比较繁琐,采用过量的氧化剂、反应条件比较苛刻、反应模式比较单一(绝大多数为热反应)、底物基本局限于芳香族酰胺。因此,发展一种原料来源丰富,底物适应范围广泛、绿色、温和、高效、环境友好的可见光催化的N-甲基酰胺化合物的制备方法尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种绿色、环境友好、节能高效的可见光催化的方法来合成N-甲基酰胺化合物。
为达到上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种绿色的可见光催化的N-甲基酰胺化合物的制备方法,在金属盐催化下,在可见光照射下,以酰胺为原料,盐酸为添加剂,反应制备N-甲基酰胺化合物。
上述技术方案中,反应在溶剂中进行,溶剂为二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、1,1,2-三氯乙烷、硝基甲烷、甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、2-丁酮、苯、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、1,4-二氧六环;优选溶剂为丙酮。
上述技术方案中,三级酰胺的化学结构式如下:
所述N-甲基酰胺的化学结构式如下:
上述化学结构式中,R1选自烷基、萘氧基、苯甲酰基、取代或未取代的芳烷基,其中取代基为硝基、甲氧基、氰基、酯基、氟、氯、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、酰基等;R2选自芳基或者烷基。
上述技术方案中,所述可见光为LED灯光,LED灯为白灯、绿灯或者蓝灯;瓦数为18W~50W。
本发明中,反应的时间为12~96小时,优选的反应时间为72小时。
本发明中,所述催化剂为氯化铜、氯化铈、氯化钠、氯化铁 氯化锂、氯化钙、氯化银。优选的技术方案中,催化剂为氯化铜。
本发明中,酰胺、盐酸、金属盐的摩尔比为1∶(1~4)∶(0.01~0.2),优选为1∶2∶0.05。
本发明中,反应底物为廉价的三级酰胺、光源为经济易得的LED灯,溶剂为丙酮、催化剂为氯化铜,可以直接购买获得。本发明的反应在氧气中进行。反应结束后,用饱和亚硫酸钠淬灭,无水硫酸钠干燥,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得N-甲基酰胺化合物。
由于上述技术方案的运用,本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点:
本发明的技术不需要采用昂贵、预制备的催化剂,底物简单易得,从而避免了操作上过于繁琐的问题,与现有的可见光催化技术相比,使用氯化铜作为催化剂,避免使用昂贵金属或有机大分子光催化剂;,与现有的技术相比,该方法使用绿色廉价的氧气作为氧化剂,避免使用过量的氧化剂;本发明技术使用易得的三级酰胺为反应原料,与现有的技术相比,更具有实用性。
具体实施方式
本发明操作方法为本领域常规方法,以酰胺为底物、金属盐催化剂、盐酸为添加剂、有机溶剂为反应体系,无需其他物质,在可见光照射下,氧气或者空气中即可高效得到产物N-甲基酰胺化合物。本发明采用了绿色、环保、温和、高效、节能的可见光催化的策略来合成N-甲基酰胺化合物,光源为经济易得的LED灯,反应底物三级酰胺,有机溶剂、催化剂氯化铜皆为商业化产品,可以直接购买获得。如无特殊说明,以下实验都在氧气中、室温下进行,收率为分离收率。
本发明采用绿色、温和、环境友好的可见光催化的模式制备N-甲基酰胺化合物。光化学反应是以洁净、节能、节约为目标的合成方法,光化学反应一般不需要活化能,或者只需要很小的活化能;同时光化学反应可以根据分子中各个基团吸收波长的不同选择对应的光源,选择性地激发某一基团引发反应的发生;巧妙利用光化学反应往往可以大幅度缩短目标产物的合成路线。现有的合成N-甲基酰胺化合物的技术中反应模式单一(大多数为热反应)、反应底物窄,反应产率低、需要过量的有机或无机添加剂、反应条件苛刻。与此相比,本发明具有反应底物范围广(脂肪族和芳香族三级酰胺均适用于该方法),反应条件简单、反应产率比较高、反应条件绿色且温和等优点。
下面结合实例对本发明作进一步描述:
实施例一
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺1a (0.2 mmol,29.8 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物1b,收率为90%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.79 – 7.77 (m, 2H), 7.46 – 7.42 (m, 1H), 7.37 –7.33 (m, 2H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 2.94 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl313C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 168.42, 134.34, 131.10, 128.25, 126.79, 26.63.HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd. For. C8H9NO+Na+: 136.0576, Found: 136.0580. IR(neat, cm-1): υ 3282, 2940, 1642, 1594, 1489, 1300, 746, 696.
拓展实施例
在实施例一的基础上,进行单因素变化,得到表1的结果。
实施例二
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺2a (0.2 mmol,36.6 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物2b,收率为86%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.72 – 7.69 (m, 2H), 7.49 – 7.36 (m, 2H), 6.38 (s,1H), 2.99 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ 165.51, 135.82,133.22, 128.95, 128.33, 26.24. HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd. For. C8H8 35ClNO+Na+:192.0187, Found: 192.0185; Anal Calcd. For. C8H8 37ClNO+Na+: 194.0157, Found:194.0194. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3343, 1634, 1601, 1545, 1487, 841, 794.
实施例三
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺3a (0.2 mmol,46.6 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物3b,收率为66%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.55 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1H), 7.97 – 7.94 (m, 2H),7.44 – 7.42 (m, 2H), 2.79 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ165.83, 150.59, 134.04, 129.78, 120.98, 120.42 (q, J = 255 Hz, 3H), 26.68. 19FNMR (377 MHz, DMSO) δ -56.73 (s, 3F). HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd. For.C9H8F3NO2 +Na+: 242.0399, Found: 242.0385. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3326, 3050, 1636,1586, 1410, 1352, 1207, 840, 762.
实施例四
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺4a (0.2 mmol,39.8 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物4b,收率为79%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.30 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 8.05 (d,J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 2.81 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ 164.92,148.90, 140.09, 128.54, 123.51, 26.38. HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd. For.C8H8N2O3+Na+: 203.0427, Found: 203.0425. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3330, 2946, 1645,1597, 1489, 1347, 824, 780.
实施例五
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺5a (0.2 mmol,47.0 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物5b,收率为50%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.48 (s, 1H), 7.83 –7.77 (m, 2H), 7.66 –7.64 (m,1H), 2.80 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ 162.99 (s, 1H),158.74 (d, J = 251.2 Hz), 132.07 (dd, J = 41.5, 9.0 Hz), 131.28 (d, J = 3.6Hz), 128.26 (d, J = 15.4 Hz), 123.04 (dd, J = 272.8, 3.0 Hz), 113.77 (dd, J =26.3, 3.8 Hz), 26.20. 19F NMR (377 MHz, DMSO) δ -61.53 (s, 3F), -112.21 (s,1F). HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd. For. C9H7F4NO +Na+: 244.0356, Found:244.0363. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3262, 2932, 1635, 1523, 1412, 1331, 879, 778.
实施例六
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺6a (0.2 mmol,43.4 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物6b,收率为73%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.82 (d,J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 2.81 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 3H).13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ 165.87,138.71, 131.45 (q, J = 31.7 Hz), 128.41, 125.76 (q, J = 3.8 Hz), 123.07,26.76. 19F NMR (377 MHz, DMSO) δ -61.38 (s, 3F). HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd.For. C9H8F3NO +H+: 204.0631, Found: 204.0627. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3334, 3082,1635, 1556, 1495, 1360, 846, 776.
实施例七
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺7a (0.2 mmol,33.4 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物7b,收率为66%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.44 (s, 1H), 7.91 – 7.87 (m, 2H), 7.30 – 7.25(m, 2H), 2.78 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ 165.52, 163.72(d, J = 248.0 Hz), 130.97 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1H), 129.61 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 4H),115.14 (d, J = 21.7 Hz, 5H), 26.23.19F NMR (377 MHz, DMSO) δ -109.88 (s, 1F).HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd. For. C8H8FNO+Na+: 176.0482, Found: 176.0489. IR(neat, cm-1): υ 3346, 1634, 1589, 1436, 1319, 845, 793.
实施例八
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺8a (0.2 mmol,46.6 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物8b,收率为53%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.36 (s, 1H), 7.60 – 7.56 (m, 2H), 7.47 – 7.40(m, 2H), 2.76 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 1H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ 165.03, 144.86(q, J = 1.7 Hz), 131.35, 131.19, 129.62, 127.51, 121.54, 120.03 (q, J = 256.8Hz), 26.02. 19F NMR (377 MHz, DMSO) δ -56.51 (s, 3F). HRMS (ESI-TOF): AnalCalcd. For. C9H8F3NO2 +Na+: 242.0399, Found: 242.0401. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3282,2950, 1646, 1593, 1444, 1321, 1250, 765, 698.
实施例九
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺9a (0.2 mmol,34.8 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物9b,收率为57%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.68 (s, 1H), 7.99 – 7.93 (m, 4H), 2.80 (d, J =4.6 Hz, 3H).13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO) δ 165.20, 138.44, 132.44, 127.91, 118.35,113.46, 26.35.HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd. For. C9H8N2O+Na+: 183.0529, Found:183.0525. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3336, 2943, 2227, 1722, 1638, 1550, 1498, 1349,854, 760.
实施例十
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺10a (0.2 mmol,33.4 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物10b,收率为74%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.53 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.70 – 7.68 (m, 1H),7.64 – 7.61 (m, 1H), 7.52 – 7.47 (m, 1H), 7.36 – 7.31 (m, 1H), 2.79 (d, J =4.6 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ 165.31 (d, J = 2.5 Hz), 162.01 (d, J =244.1 Hz), 136.93 (d, J = 6.8 Hz), 130.38 (d, J = 8.0 Hz), 123.18 (d, J = 2.8Hz), 117.86 (d, J = 21.1 Hz), 113.90 (d, J = 22.7 Hz), 26.25. 19F NMR (377MHz, DMSO) δ -112.90 (s, 1F). HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd. For. C8H8FNO+Na+:176.0482, Found: 176.0478. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3335, 2947, 1634, 1552, 1488,1301, 892, 802, 792.
实施例十一
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺11a (0.2 mmol,44.8 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物11b,收率为51%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.48 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (d, J = 9.1 Hz,1H), 7.15 (dd, J = 9.1, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H),2.75 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO) δ 165.91, 163.05, 139.29,135.75, 126.79, 114.91, 114.06, 56.39, 26.06. HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd.For. C9H10N2O4 +Na+: 233.0533, Found: 233.0540. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3270, 2943,1637, 1563, 1509, 1405, 1323, 888, 830, 796.
实施例十二
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺12a (0.2 mmol,47.0 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物12b,收率为61%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.47 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (d, J = 6.6 Hz,1H), 7.59 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 2.75 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR (75 MHz,DMSO) δ 164.70, 155.84 (d, J = 248.3 Hz), 137.37 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 1H), 131.20,126.09 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H), 121.25 (d, J = 18.8 Hz, 1H), 117.10 (d, J = 23.8Hz, 2H), 25.97. 19F NMR (377 MHz, DMSO) δ -117.73 (s, 1F). HRMS (ESI-TOF):Anal Calcd. For. C8H6 35Cl2FNO+Na+: 243.9703, Found: 243.9700. Anal Calcd. For.C8H6 35,37Cl 2 FNO+Na+: 245.9673, Found: 245.9671. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3295, 2854,1752, 1645, 1553, 1469, 1309, 950, 886.
实施例十三
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺13a (0.2 mmol,41.0 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物13b,收率为51%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.72 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1H), 8.02 – 7.99 (m, 2H),7.94 – 7.91 (m, 1H), 7.47 – 7.40 (m, 2H), 2.81 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR(100 MHz, DMSO) δ 161.89, 140.05, 139.16, 126.07, 125.08, 124.86, 124.36,122.77, 26.19. HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd. For. C10H9NOS+Na+: 214.0297, Found:214.0309. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3314, 3060, 1626, 1557, 1495, 1300, 757.
实施例十四
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺14a (0.2 mmol,37.8 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物14b,收率为70%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.53 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 4.0 Hz,1H), 7.16 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.74 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz,DMSO) δ 160.50, 139.21, 132.55, 128.00, 127.54, 25.93. HRMS (ESI-TOF): AnalCalcd. For. C6H6 35ClNOS+Na+: 197.9751, Found: 197.9750. Anal Calcd. For.C6H6 37ClNOS+Na+: 199.9721, Found: 199.9718. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3282, 2982,1645, 1593, 1429, 1299, 812, 791.
实施例十五
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺15a (0.2 mmol,65.8 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物15b,收率为68%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.42 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.25 – 7.14 (m, 15H),3.54 (s, 2H), 2.26 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 3H).13C NMR (100 MHz , DMSO) δ 170.05, 147.26, 129.16, 127.41, 125.74, 55.79, 46.43, 25.30.HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd.For. C22H21NO+Na+: 338.1515, Found: 338.1523. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3262, 2935,1657, 1594, 1407, 1363, 763, 695.
实施例十六
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺16a (0.2 mmol,45.8 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物16b,收率为50%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.42 – 8.40 (m, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.89 – 7.87(m, 1H), 7.55 – 7.50 (m, 3H), 7.43 – 7.39 (m, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H),4.66 (s, 2H), 2.72 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ 167.79,153.17, 134.03, 127.33, 126.54, 126.03, 125.26, 124.75, 122.20, 120.66,105.59, 67.39, 25.50. HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd. For. C13H13NO2 +Na+:238.0838, Found: 238.0841. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3262, 2937, 1655, 1572, 1457,1348, 1264, 765, 682.
实施例十七
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺17a (0.2 mmol,42.6 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物17b,收率为57%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.72 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J = 4.0 Hz,1H), 7.71 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (s, 1H), 2.78 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR(101 MHz, DMSO) δ 161.61, 160.62, 146.07, 135.30, 133.88, 127.98, 52.50,26.09. HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd. For. C8H9NO3S +Na+: 222.0195, Found:222.0196. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3262, 2937, 1654, 1572, 1480, 1348, 1264, 820,730.
实施例十八
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺18a (0.2 mmol,50.2 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物18b,收率为59%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.60 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (s, 2H), 2.77 (d,J = 4.7 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ 163.30, 135.74, 134.23, 132.04,127.88, 25.79. HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd. For. C8H6 35Cl3NO +Na+: 259.09407,Found: 259.9410. Anal Calcd. For. C8H6 35,35,37Cl 3 NO +Na+: 261.9378, Found:261.9356. Anal Calcd. For. C8H6 35,37,37Cl 3 NO +Na+: 263.9348, Found: 263.9298. IR(neat, cm-1): υ 3280, 2943, 1646, 1546, 1488, 1309, 920, 849.
实施例十九
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺19a (0.2 mmol,43.4 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物19b,收率为52%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.40 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J = 1.8 Hz,1H), 7.49 – 7.43 (m, 2H), 2.75 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 3H).13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ165.81, 135.87, 134.36, 131.10, 130.21, 129.10, 127.28, 25.96.HRMS (ESI-TOF):Anal Calcd. For. C8H7 35Cl2NO+Na+: 225.9797, Found: 225.9800. Anal Calcd. For.C8H7 37,35Cl 2 NO+Na+: 227.9767, Found: 227.9760. Anal Calcd. For. C8H7 35Cl2NO+Na+:229.9738, Found: 229.9731. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3282, 2981, 1646, 1592, 1444,1321, 881, 828, 788.
实施例二十
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺20a (0.2 mmol,37.0 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物20b,收率为49%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.62 (s, 1H), 7.52 – 7.46 (m, 1H), 7.18 – 7.13(m, 2H), 2.77 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ 160.03 (t, J =4.1 Hz), 157.57 (d, J = 8.1 Hz), 131.45 (t, J = 10.0 Hz), 115.55 (t, J = 23.2Hz), 111.86 (dd, J = 13.0, 6.0 Hz), 25.94. 19F NMR (377 MHz, DMSO) δ -114.18(s, 2F). HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd. For. C8H7F2NO +Na+: 194.0388, Found:194.0380. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3280, 2881, 1646, 1593, 1488, 1325, 1299, 845,766.
实施例二十一
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺21a (0.2 mmol,35.4 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物21b,收率为49%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1 (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.20 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.84 – 7.82 (m, 2H),7.52 – 7.42 (m, 3H), 4.14 – 4.05 (m, 1H), 1.16 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H). 13C NMR(100 MHz, DMSO) δ 165.32, 134.84, 130.91, 128.12, 127.20, 40.94, 22.34. HRMS(ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd. For. C10H13NO+Na+: 186.0889, Found: 186.0885. IR (neat,cm-1): υ 3333, 2937, 1719, 1661, 1599, 1407, 758, 692.
实施例二十二
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在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺22a (0.2 mmol,41.0 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物22b,收率为57%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1(300 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.76 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (t, J= 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 2.18 (s, 2H), 1.02 (s, 9H). 13C NMR(75 MHz, DMSO) δ 169.97, 139.25, 128.61, 122.98, 119.19, 49.60, 30.84, 29.63.HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd. For. C12H17NO +Na+: 214.1202, Found: 214.1209. IR(neat, cm-1): υ 3262, 2937, 1654, 1573, 1434, 1348, 730, 683.
实施例二十三
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺23a (0.2 mmol,35.0 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物23b,收率为80%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1(400 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.16 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.30 –7.26 (m, 2H), 7.01 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 1.80 – 1.74 (m, 1H), 0.80 – 0.76 (m,4H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ 171.55, 139.34, 128.65, 122.85, 118.93, 14.50,7.09. HRMS (ESI-TOF): Anal Calcd. For. C10H11NO+Na+: 184.0733, Found: 184.0727.IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3277, 2960, 1651, 1540, 1439, 1307, 754, 693.
实施例二十四
在25 mL Schlenk试管中依次加入酰胺24a (0.2 mmol,41.8 mg)、盐酸 (0.4mmol,39.5 mg)、 氯化铜(0.05 mmol,1.3 mg)、丙酮 (0.5 mL)中;然后在38W白光LED照射下,氧气氛围中,常规搅拌72小时后,反应体系用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂、硅胶吸附,通过简单的柱层析即可得产物24b,收率为68%。所制得产物的主要测试数据如下,通过分析可知,实际合成产物与理论分析一致。
1(400 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.31 (s, 1H), 7.62 – 7.60 (m, 2H), 7.34 – 7.32(m, 2H), 1.77 – 1.74 (m, 1H), 0.80 – 0.78 (m, 4H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO) δ171.74, 138.27, 128.56, 126.39, 120.45, 14.55, 7.27. HRMS (ESI-TOF): AnalCalcd. For. C10H10 35ClNO+Na+: 218.0343, Found: 218.0340. Anal Calcd. For.C10H10 37ClNO+Na+: 220.0314, Found: 220.0307. IR (neat, cm-1): υ 3281, 2920,1653, 1593, 1445, 1390, 828, 782.
光反应中的“光”是一种特殊的、能够参与反应的试剂,与经典的热化学反应相比,光化学反应具有以下特点:(1)热化学反应需要较大的活化能,需要加热到一定温度反应才能发生;而光化学反应所需活化能很小,因此在室温下可以快速进行;(2)复杂的分子往往含有多个活性基团。热化学反应中要使其中某一个基团发生反应,需要将其它基团保护起来;而光化学反应可激发特定基团来引发反应的发生;(3)多数情况下热化学反应与光化学反应的产物不同,因此可利用光化学反应合成热化学反应不能合成的产物。基于光化学反应的这些性质,本发明的优越性显而易见,该反应体系中光源LED灯廉价易得、原料来源丰富、反应底物普适性广(脂肪族和芳香族酰胺均兼容于该体系)、反应条件温和、无需任何氧化剂、经济的氯化铜为催化剂、易得的三级酰胺作为原料、反应操作简便。

Claims (3)

1.一种绿色的N-甲基酰胺化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,在氯化铜催化下,在可见光照射下,以酰胺为原料,盐酸为添加剂,在氧气或者空气中、丙酮中反应制备N-甲基酰胺化合物;所述酰胺的化学结构式如下:
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2.根据权利要求1所述绿色的N-甲基酰胺化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,反应的时间为12~96小时。
3.根据权利要求1所述绿色的N-甲基酰胺化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,酰胺、盐酸、氯化铜的摩尔比为1∶(1~4)∶(0.01~0.2)。
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