CN1159771A - 淤浆相反应器及其应用 - Google Patents

淤浆相反应器及其应用 Download PDF

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CN1159771A
CN1159771A CN95195517A CN95195517A CN1159771A CN 1159771 A CN1159771 A CN 1159771A CN 95195517 A CN95195517 A CN 95195517A CN 95195517 A CN95195517 A CN 95195517A CN 1159771 A CN1159771 A CN 1159771A
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H·韦特
U·J·扎涅克
H·贝克豪斯
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Abstract

提出一种放热淤浆相反应用的反应器(1)，该反应器把一个在反应器内从下部和上部被反应物封闭的环状空间作为换热器(2)。该环状空间具有许多垂直的圆截面反应物流道(21)，并且冷却剂流过介于反应物流道之间的环状空间。

Description

淤浆相反应器及其应用
淤浆相反应是一种至少有一种细分布的固相和一种液相参加的反应。
强放热淤浆相反应要求有效排除反应热。为此淤浆相反应器要在反应容器内部采用换热结构，参见例如美国专利US-A32 43 268或EP-A26 39 35。采用已知的淤浆相反应器进行热交换时，是用泵将反应物打入所谓“界区”(Field)换热器管或单侧封闭的沸腾管，传热剂及产生的蒸汽在其中呈“逆流”状态流动。采用此法缺点在于反应物对反应器空间产生不同流速以及由此所决定的换热器不良效率。而反应物的不同流速又影响料流稳态区，使参与反应的固体组分可能沉降其中。
现据本发明提出创意，即安装一个使传热剂基本上只沿着一个方向流动的容器作为换热器，而该容器装配许多圆截面反应物流道。按照本发明在换热器内采用与传统的汽化一换热器相比“相反”的方法加入反应物。
本发明的目的旨在提供一种放热淤浆相反应所用的淤浆相反应器，它包括以下的构件：
a)一个反应容器，
b)一个具有在反应容器下半部可使冷却剂及反应物流通过的环状
空间形式的换热器，而环状空间被反应物从下部和上部封闭，
c)一个设在环状空间下半部供反应物回流用的中心畅通的料流
室，
d)一个循环输送介于中心畅通的料流室及环状空间之间的反应物
所用的中心搅拌器，
其特征在于，环状空间装配许多垂直的圆截面反应物流道，并且冷却剂流过介于反应物流道之间的环状空间。
优选在于反应物和传热剂基本上同时流过换热器一环状空间。特别是反应物流道通过环状空间垂直向上流动。在此情况下，优选是将搅拌器安装在中心畅通的料流室下部出口处，并且至少有一种反应组分在搅拌器可直接接触的近处被加入，从而使反应物中的反应组分一方面被迅速分布，另一方面加入的反应组分与反应物一起被很快送到换热器。
为了使反应连续进行，在反应容器液面的上半部安装一个溢流道，由此处连续引出已反应过的反应物。
作为传热剂优选采用在反应温度下汽化的溶剂，以液态形式在换热器-环状空间的底部加入，并且以气态形式在换热器-环状空间顶部排出。作为传热剂特别优选以采用水为宜，热交换在产生蒸汽下进行。冷却剂温度优选调节到产生蒸汽恒压以上。
采用本发明淤浆相反应器时，反应优选在气相参与下进行。为此目的，搅拌器是一种气化搅拌器形式，或者包括辅助一个气化配件。
按照本发明具有气化搅拌器的淤浆相反应器特别适于进行芳香族硝基化合物淤浆相氢化反应，尤其适用于二硝基甲苯的氢化生成相应的二胺。
本发明对所附图1和图2进一步加以说明：
图1表示按照本发明淤浆相反应器的截面。
图2表示根据图1给出的反应器截面AA。
图1所示反应器包括反应容器1，后者又含有借助法兰11和12牢固组装的三个部分。反应容器1的中间部分包括由各端全封闭的环状空间组成的环式换热器2以及反应物流沿箭头所示向上流入多束输送管2 1。热交换介质存在于环状空间2保留的中间空间22中。如箭头所示反应物回流通过中心畅流的料流室3在环式换热器2下半部进行。通过反应器上半部的中心转动搅拌器轴41和搅拌叶42驱使反应物循环流动。搅拌叶42安装在中心料流室3出口处高度的下方。在所示实施形式中，搅拌轴41作为空心轴制成，并在搅拌叶42下半部安装气化设备43。反应物气化生成的气体借助搅拌轴41的抽吸孔44进行抽吸，从反应容器1上部的气室逸出。由输气柱45确保给定的气压。采用本发明反应器优先用于芳香族硝基化合物氢化时，要在10至40巴压力下使用氢气。新鲜氢气更有利于直接加入反应物中。芳香族硝基化合物经过输料管5加入到搅拌叶42的可直接接触的近处。在反应物中作为细分布的固相是加氢催化剂，例如载负在诸如碳、SiO2、Al2O3等细分布载体上的稀有金属或镍，或者是分散在反应物中的Raney镍催化剂。产物经过溢流道7连续引出，致使保持恒定的液面。换热器-环状空间由热交换介质-循环流道6在外侧供料。热交换介质优选是保持在沸点以下的水经过61从下面加入到换热器中。水蒸汽经过62从换热器上部排出。进入蒸汽分离器63。箭头64表示引出水蒸汽进行能量回收。冷却水吸入阀65借助水平控制仪66调控蒸汽分离器63的水位。采用本发明反应器优先用于芳香族硝基化合物氢化反应时，要这样控制冷却剂压力，使反应器内温度保持在120至250℃。
图2中的数字表示如图1所示相同配件。仅对流通管21加以局部表示。而换热器2可以装配100至3000根流通管21，要视管的公称内径(25-10mm)及换热器直径(直到3m)而定。

Claims (9)

1.一种淤浆相反应器，该反应器用于放热淤浆相反应，它包括：
a)一个反应容器，
b)一个换热器，它是一个具有可使热交换介质及反应物流通过的
  环状空间形式的换热器，该环状空间被反应物从下部和上部封
  闭，
c)一个中心畅通的料流室，它设在环状空间下半部供反应物回流
  用，
d)一个中心搅拌器，它是循环输送介于中心畅通的料流室及环状
空间的反应物用的，
其特征在于，环状空间装配许多垂直的圆截面反应物流道，并且热交换介质流过介于反应物流道之间的环状空间。
2.按照权利要求1的淤浆相反应器，其特征在于，搅拌器是一种辅助气化搅拌器形式。
3.按照权利要求1或2的淤浆相反应器，其特征在于，搅拌器向下输送反应物进入中心料流室，料流向上进入垂直流道。
4.按照权利要求1至3的淤浆相反应器，其特征在于，搅拌器安装在中心畅通的料流室的出口处，并紧贴该中心料流室壁旋转。
5.按照权利要求1至4的淤浆相反应器，其特征在于，至少有一种反应组分在搅拌器可直接接触的近处被加入到反应物中。
6.应用按照权利要求1至5的反应器，其特征在于该反应器用于进行淤浆相氢化反应。
7.按照权利要求6的应用，其特征在于它用于芳香族硝基化合物的氢化反应。
8.按照权利要求7的应用，其特征在于它用于二硝基甲苯的氢化反应。
9.按照权利要求1至5的反应器应用于进行淤浆相氢化反应的方法，其特征在于，采用水作为冷却剂并生成可利用的蒸汽。
CN95195517A 1994-10-07 1995-09-25 淤浆相反应器及其应用 Expired - Lifetime CN1081945C (zh)

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DE4435839A DE4435839A1 (de) 1994-10-07 1994-10-07 Schlammphasenreaktor und dessen Verwendung
DEP4435839.3 1994-10-07

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DE (2) DE4435839A1 (zh)
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TW307696B (en) 1997-06-11
CA2201629A1 (en) 1996-04-18
US5779995A (en) 1998-07-14
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CA2201629C (en) 2005-05-24
WO1996011052A1 (de) 1996-04-18
ES2122685T3 (es) 1998-12-16
KR100397268B1 (ko) 2003-11-28
BR9509270A (pt) 1997-12-23
CN1081945C (zh) 2002-04-03
EP0784505A1 (de) 1997-07-23
DE59503373D1 (de) 1998-10-01

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