CN115918524B - High-quality high-yield multi-resistance cotton breeding method based on multi-male parent selection - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a high-quality high-yield multi-resistance cotton breeding method based on multi-male parent selection, which comprises the steps of selecting more than two male parent groups to hybridize a single female parent, selecting offspring with the most target characters after hybridization for a plurality of generations to be respectively compared with the female parent and the male parent groups, searching samples with the offspring not repeated with the defects of the female parent and the male parent groups to backcross, comparing newly obtained offspring first-generation groups after backcross is completed, then screening out the offspring first-generation groups closest to the target characters to carry out selfing, and obtaining cotton seeds with stable characters after selfing for at least 2 times.

Description

High-quality high-yield multi-resistance cotton breeding method based on multi-male parent selection

Technical Field

The application belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a high-quality high-yield multi-resistance cotton breeding method based on multi-male parent selection.

Background

Cotton is the main commercial crop in china. As strategic materials, cotton fibers are important in national economy. Cotton is an important natural textile fiber crop and an important seed oil crop, and cotton seeds are also an important food and feed resource, but the dispersibility, repeatability, hysteresis, lagging, short-term and low benefit of cotton breeding limit the improvement of breeding level, and the cotton breeding work can be a new step in the face of challenges and opportunities actively and taking corresponding countermeasures and measures.

In order to achieve the above objective, the prior art CN109971772a discloses a breeding method of low temperature resistant cotton varieties, which mainly uses molecular marking technology and genetic engineering (induction of genes, injection transformation) to transform the ahmo gene into cotton varieties, and selects materials with high expression of the ahmo gene to realize breeding of low temperature cotton varieties.

Although the above scheme utilizes biotechnology to cultivate varieties, all codons are not decoded so far due to the complexity of genetic engineering, the above scheme is feasible for cultivating cotton seeds with more excellent properties, and meanwhile, due to the incompleteness of gene decoding, the aim required to be achieved in many breeding processes cannot utilize biotechnology to cultivate, and the cultivation of multiple excellent varieties of cotton seeds needs to be achieved by systematic breeding.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the application aims to systematically select a breeding method for high-yield high-quality multi-resistant cotton with various advantages.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: a high-quality high-yield multi-resistance cotton breeding method based on multi-male parent selection comprises the steps of selecting more than two male parent groups to hybridize a single female parent, selecting offspring with the largest target character after hybridization for a plurality of generations to be compared with the female parent and the male parent groups respectively, searching samples with the offspring not repeated with the defects of the female parent and the male parent groups to carry out backcross, comparing newly obtained offspring first-generation groups after the backcross is completed, then screening out the offspring first-generation groups closest to the target character to carry out selfing, and obtaining cotton seeds with stable characters after selfing for at least 2 times.

Further, the method also comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting female parent and male parent, wherein field plant selection is adopted in the selection process;

s2, planting, namely, after soil preparation and fertilization are carried out, husking seeds, selecting full seeds, carrying out germination experiments, and then carrying out close planting;

s3, pollinating multiple male parents, namely, firstly, manually emasculating female parents, then, taking pollen from crowns of cotton plants of the male parents by using a pollen taking device, mixing pollen taken out by different male parents in the pollen taking device, and then, pollinating each female parent;

s4, screening filial generations, namely positioning and distinguishing target characters by using a gene marking method, and screening out the filial generation closest to the requirement;

s5, backcrossing, namely selecting characters and gene markers in female parent or male parent groups, backcrossing the offspring with the most excellent target characters, so as to form new sub-first-generation groups, and screening dominant species from the sub-first-generation groups again;

s6, removing recessive genes, and selfing the dominant species for at least two generations, thereby obtaining cotton species with stable characters.

Further, in the step S1, three groups of elements are observed in the plant selection process, the first group is the number of bolls, the size of bolls and the time of opening cotton, the high-yield and early-maturing single plant is selected, the second group is that after the female parent is selected, a certain character cannot be excessively pursued in the screening of the male parent, the repeated defect of the male parent and the female parent should be avoided, the third group is that the situation is considered, the requirement of relaxation, which is greatly influenced by the adjacent plant types, is met, and the requirement of tightening the adjacent plant types is short.

Further, in the step S2, a sandy loam which is convenient for irrigation and drainage and is fertile in the cultivated layer is selected, and the soil is fertilized; the chemical fertilizer is coated in the ridges during ridging;

sowing in middle and late 4 months, wherein the density is 45000-75000 holes per male slope, and 2 seeds are planted in each hole;

further, the powder taking device in the step S3 comprises an extending part, a body part and a tail part which are connected with each other, the extending part comprises jaws hinged with each other, one side of each jaw far away from the tail part is provided with a sharp corner, the sharp corner comprises a left sharp corner and a right sharp corner, the left sharp corner and the right sharp corner are in arc transition connection, and the sharp corners are hinged with vertical supporting rods;

the body wraps up in branch, and the body includes casing, scoop, extrusion portion and energy storage portion, extrusion portion is including the briquetting of mutual opposition, is connected with the torsional spring between briquetting and the casing, briquetting sliding connection in the casing, and the briquetting is connected in branch, the scoop is submerged in the body, and the scoop slides along the body is vertical, and the intermediate position of scoop articulates there is the ejector rod, and the one end that the scoop was kept away from to the ejector rod is connected in the briquetting.

Further, the energy storage part comprises a knob which is opposite to each other, the knob comprises a rotating part and a convex part which are integrally manufactured, the rotating part is rotationally connected with the shell, the convex part is clamped on the digging spoon, a first stirring block is arranged in the width direction of the digging spoon and is used for stirring the convex block to rotate, one end of the digging spoon, which is far away from the first stirring block, is provided with a second stirring block, and the second stirring block is used for stirring the rotating part to rotate;

the housing is internally provided with a magnet for attracting the convex part.

Further, the tail part comprises a bottle body and a screw mouth which are integrally manufactured, and the bottle body is connected with the body part through screw threads of the screw mouth.

The beneficial effects are that: this technical scheme is mainly applicable to the collection and the picking of pollen, consequently, earlier in stretching into male corolla with the closed angle of stretching into the portion when using, later press the briquetting under the condition of not destroying the corolla, the closed angle of driving articulated in the briquetting outwards struts when the briquetting is inwards moved, the main corolla that will wrap up in the flower core is opened this moment, when the briquetting inwards moves simultaneously, the internal pressure of briquetting is converted into ascending ejection force with the articulated department of ejector rod with the briquetting, consequently, the briquetting passes through ejector rod drive scoop upward movement, scrape the flower core when scoop upward movement this moment, get the powder.

After the powder is taken, an operator releases the pressing block, the torsion spring drives the pressing block to return, the pressing block in the returning process drives the scoop to move downwards, meanwhile, the closed sharp corner is driven to enclose the device into a closed space, the operator only needs to carry the device with him, and pollen on the scoop can be guided by gravity to enter the bottle body communicated with the body part by the flail hand and jolt in the walking process of the operator.

Meanwhile, the device can unseal the sharp corners so as to realize emasculation of the female parent through opening and closing of the sharp corners.

2. In actual operation, this technical scheme has realized the quick when the scoop is ejecting, and is slow and stable when the scoop returns, reaches the structure and the principle of above-mentioned effect and lies in, owing to the convex part centre gripping scoop of energy storage portion, so have frictional force between scoop and the convex part, when the scoop is ejecting, the first piece of stirring of scoop is with the convex part jack-up, and the convex part is rotatory along rotating part this moment, and the convex part is attracted by magnet when the convex part is just to magnet to keep the scoop in the free state.

In the returning process of the scoop, the second stirring block of the scoop is contacted with the rotating part, and the rotating part is stirred at the moment, so that the convex part is driven to separate from the magnet and then returns, and the scoop is continuously clamped, so that the returning stability is realized.

Further, in the step S3, the selfing bell and the hybridization bell are distinguished in the pollination process, and the selfing bell is removed.

Further, comparing the screened offspring with the female parent and the male parent group before backcrossing, wherein the comparison needs to meet the following conditions, the offspring does not have the same defects as the female parent and the male parent group, the female parent and the male parent group have the advantages that the offspring does not have, and single plant backcrossing is performed by utilizing the offspring after screening.

After the scheme is adopted, the following beneficial effects are realized: 1. the technical scheme utilizes the cross breeding mode to screen dominant species, is different from the existing cross breeding mode, particularly adopts multi-male parent hybrid cross breeding, not only enriches the variation types of filial generations, but also generates dominant species of single project in the breeding process, generates more variation new varieties with excellent characters, saves time and enriches the high-quality genes of cotton.

2. Compared with the prior art of other mixed crossing, in the technical scheme, in order to ensure that each male parent has the opportunity to participate in combination, the selected offspring is subjected to backcrossing, leakage detection and deficiency compensation are carried out in the backcrossing process, and the selection is mainly carried out aiming at the characters needing to be transferred in the backcrossing process, and the backcrossing can be carried out no matter under any environmental condition as long as the characters are developed. This provides a favorable condition for using temperature, off-site or off-season breeding to accelerate the breeding process. The time and the workload required by backcrossing are reduced while the manual control of backcrossing breeding is kept large. And avoids the inheritance of recessive bad genes.

3. Compared with the prior art for reducing the workload, the hybrid offspring population can be controlled manually to a large extent, so that the hybrid offspring population can develop towards a definite breeding target, and the expected effect of the improved variety can be received with certainty. Moreover, after the new variety is bred, a longer identification test is not needed, and only a shorter time is needed for comparison and identification with recurrent parents.

4. Compared with the identification-free prior art, the cotton is easy to generate variation, so that the dominant species are selfed to stabilize the characters, and the accumulated benefits of genes are stabilized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a second embodiment;

fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 2.

Detailed Description

The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the bottle cap comprises a sharp corner 1, a supporting rod 2, a shell 3, a scoop 4, a pressing block 5, a torsion spring 6, a bottle body 7, an ejector rod 8, a knob 9, a first poking block 10, a second poking block 11, a magnet 12 and a rotating opening 13.

Example 1

An example is substantially as shown in figure 1: a high-quality high-yield multi-resistance cotton breeding method based on multi-male parent selection comprises the steps of selecting more than two male parent groups to hybridize a single female parent, selecting offspring with the largest target character after hybridization for a plurality of generations to be compared with the female parent and the male parent groups respectively, searching samples with the offspring not repeated with the defects of the female parent and the male parent groups to carry out backcross, comparing newly obtained offspring first-generation groups after the backcross is completed, then screening out the offspring first-generation groups closest to the target character to carry out selfing, and obtaining cotton seeds with stable characters after selfing for at least 2 times.

The method also comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting female parent and male parent, wherein field plant selection is adopted in the selection process; in the step S1, three groups of elements are observed in the plant selection process, the first group is the number of bolls, the size of the bolls and the time of opening the cotton, high-yield and early-maturing single plants are selected, the second group is that after female parent is selected, a certain character cannot be pursued too much in the screening of male parent, the repeated defect of the male parent and the female parent should be avoided, the third group is that the situation is considered, the relaxation requirement on the adjacent plant type in the close planting process is greatly influenced, and the tightening requirement on the adjacent plant type is short and small.

S2, planting, namely after soil preparation and fertilization, selecting full seeds for germination experiments, and performing close planting after the germination experiments are completed; in the step S2, selecting sandy loam which is convenient for irrigation and drainage and is rich in cultivated layer, and fertilizing the soil; the chemical fertilizer is coated in the ridges during ridging;

sowing in middle and late 4 months, wherein the density is 45000-75000 holes per male slope, and 2 seeds are planted in each hole;

s3, pollinating multiple male parents, namely, firstly, manually emasculating female parents, then, taking pollen from crowns of cotton plants of the male parents by using a pollen taking device, mixing pollen taken out by different male parents in the pollen taking device, and then, pollinating each female parent; in the step S3, the selfing bell and the hybridization bell are distinguished in the pollination process, and the selfing bell is removed;

s4, screening the offspring, positioning and distinguishing the target characters by using a gene marking method, and screening the offspring closest to the requirement;

s5, backcrossing, namely selecting characters and gene markers in female parent or male parent groups, backcrossing the offspring with the most excellent target characters, so as to form new sub-first-generation groups, and screening dominant species from the sub-first-generation groups again;

s6, removing recessive genes, and selfing the dominant species for at least two generations, thereby obtaining cotton species with stable characters. Comparing the screened filial generation with the female parent and the male parent group before backcrossing, wherein the comparison needs to meet the following conditions, the offspring does not have the same defects as the female parent and the male parent group, the female parent and the male parent group have the advantages that the offspring does not have, and the single plant backcrossing is performed by utilizing the offspring after the screening is finished.

The technical scheme utilizes the cross breeding mode to screen dominant species, is different from the existing cross breeding mode, particularly adopts multi-male parent hybrid cross breeding, not only enriches the variation types of filial generations, but also generates dominant species of single project in the breeding process, generates more variation new varieties with excellent characters, saves time and enriches the high-quality genes of cotton.

Example two

The present embodiment differs from the above embodiment in that the parents are numbered during the S3 multiple parent pollination, the parents are arranged in ascending order according to the number, the total parents are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

Then dividing the planting field into different test lands, inoculating different test fields with different male parent groups, replacing an inoculating device in the inoculating process of each group of male parent to avoid interference, and simultaneously observing and comparing the genetic patterns of the male parent and the female parent according to the characters after finishing the cultivation of the child generation to determine the genetic sequences of the offspring so as to compare the characters.

Example III

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the difference between the present embodiment and the above embodiment is that: the powder taking device in the step S3 comprises an extending part, a body part and a tail part which are connected with each other, wherein the extending part comprises jaws hinged with each other, one side of each jaw far away from the tail part is provided with a sharp corner 1, the sharp corner 1 comprises a left sharp corner 1 and a right sharp corner 1, the left sharp corner 1 is in arc transition connection with the right sharp corner 1, and the sharp corner 1 is hinged with a vertical supporting rod 2;

the body wraps up in branch 2, and the body includes casing 3, scoop 4, extrusion portion and energy storage portion, extrusion portion is including the briquetting 5 of mutual opposition, is connected with torsional spring 6 between briquetting 5 and the casing 3, briquetting 5 sliding connection in casing 3, and briquetting 5 connects in branch 2, scoop 4 submerges in the body, and scoop 4 slides along the vertical direction of body, and the intermediate position of scoop 4 articulates there is ejector rod 8, and the one end that scoop 4 was kept away from to ejector rod 8 is connected in briquetting 5.

The energy storage part comprises a knob 9 which is opposite to each other, the knob 9 comprises a rotation part and a convex part which are integrally manufactured, the rotation part is rotationally connected with the shell 3, the convex part is clamped on the digging spoon 4, a first stirring 10 block is arranged in the width direction of the digging spoon 4, the first stirring 10 block is used for stirring the bump to rotate, one end of the digging spoon 4 far away from the first stirring 10 block is provided with a second stirring block 11, and the second stirring block 11 is used for stirring the rotation part to rotate;

the housing 3 houses a magnet 12 for attracting the protruding portion.

The tail part comprises a bottle body 7 and a screw opening 13 which are integrally manufactured, and the bottle body 7 is connected with the body part through the screw opening 13 in a threaded manner.

The specific implementation process is as follows: this technical scheme is mainly applicable to the collection and the picking of pollen, consequently, earlier in stretching into male corolla with the closed angle 1 of portion of stretching into when using, later press briquetting 5 under the condition of not destroying the corolla, the closed angle 1 of articulating in briquetting 5 outwards struts when briquetting 5 inwards moves, mainly will wrap up the corolla in the flower core at this moment and open, simultaneously when briquetting 5 inwards moves, the articulated department of briquetting 5 and ejector rod 8 converts the internal pressure of briquetting 5 into ascending ejecting force, consequently briquetting 5 passes through ejector rod 8 and drives the upward motion of scoop 4, scrape the flower core when the upward motion of scoop 4 this moment, get the powder.

Because the convex part of the energy storage part clamps the scoop 4, friction is generated between the scoop 4 and the convex part, when the scoop 4 is ejected out, the first poking 10 blocks of the scoop 4 jack the convex part open, at the moment, the convex part rotates along the rotating part, and when the convex part faces the magnet 12, the convex part is attracted by the magnet 12, so that the scoop 4 is kept in a free state.

After the powder is taken, an operator releases the pressing block 5, at the moment, the torsion spring 6 drives the pressing block 5 to return, the pressing block 5 in the returning process drives the scoop 4 to move downwards, the second stirring block 11 of the scoop 4 is contacted with the rotating part in the returning process of the scoop 4, and the rotating part is stirred at the moment, so that the convex part is driven to separate from the magnet 12 and then returns, and the scoop 4 is continuously clamped, so that the returning stability is realized.

Meanwhile, the closed sharp corners 1 are closed, the closed sharp corners 1 enclose the device into a closed space, an operator only needs to carry the device with him, and pollen on the scoop 4 can enter the bottle body 7 communicated with the body under the guidance of gravity by throwing hands and jolting in the walking process of the operator.

Example IV

Breeding of new cotton variety Ji cotton 126

And (3) female parent: ji cotton 958 selection line, examined variety, (Ji cotton No. 10×538) F ₁ And (5) breeding 22 offspring of Ji cotton.

Male parent: the parent is divided into three groups, namely four groups of (1) - (4), two groups of (5) - (8) and three groups of (3) - (6), namely (1) Ji 5048, two groups of (2) Ji cotton 22, two groups of (3) Ji 228, two groups of (4) Ji 567, two groups of (5) Ji 2000, two groups of (6) Ji cotton 18, two groups of (7) Ji 6016 and two groups of (8) Ji 571.

The breeding method and the breeding process are as follows: by adopting the method, the single female parent and the multiple male parent are hybridized, the backcross male parent is determined by the hybridization offspring through the property aggregation condition and SSR mark identification, and the hybrid is bred by a pedigree method through the selfing stable property and the north-south breeding and the adversity stress. The specific process includes pollination of multiple male parent with Ji 1286 (Ji cotton 958 original name) and the three groups of male parent, positioning the target characters of each parent by SSR mark, selecting 10 offspring lines closest to the excellent character polymerization target after 6 generations of north-south breeding, selecting several most excellent single plants from the offspring lines, directionally selecting hybrid parents according to SSR mark and polymerization character requirement, configuring 26 hybrid parents with 5048 lines and other parents, configuring the hybrid generations to have stable characters through selfing, and then obtaining 6 optimal lines meeting the selection standards of high yield, multiple antibodies and excellent polymerization characters through systematic selection and north-south breeding. One stable strain 126 is quick in emergence, early in seedling alignment, strong in growth vigor, medium in boll size, strong in boll formation of a single strain, smooth in boll fertilizer, high in yield, multiple in resistance and excellent in fiber quality. 6 lines of Ji cotton 126 and the like in 2015-2016 are subjected to multiple identification tests in Shijia, chen Tai, handan, cangzhou and Heng water, and the comprehensive performance is outstanding. The 2019-2020 selected Ji cotton 126 participates in the Hebei province spring sowing routine cotton group regional test, 2021 participates in the same group production test, and 2022 Ji cotton 126 is approved by Hebei province crop variety approval committee. The other 5 excellent selection lines are also selected to participate in each stage of area test sequentially.

The attached cotton 126 approval notice:

approval by the crop variety approval committee of northwest province, approval number 2022: ji-to-check cotton 20220006.

The main characteristic features are: transgenic insect-resistant conventional cotton varieties. Average growth period was 123 days. The plant type is delicate, the leaf size is moderate, and the leaf color is medium green. Bell middle, oval shape. The plant height is 96.4 cm, the number of single fruit branches is 12.8, the number of single fruit branches is 17.3, and the first fruit branch section is 6.8 sections. The bell weight is 5.7 g, the finger weight is 10.6 g, the clothing is 39.6%, and the pre-frost flower rate is 92.2%. Disease resistance identification: identified by plant protection institute of academy of sciences of agriculture and forestry in Hebei province, disease resistance and verticillium wilt resistance (disease refers to 7.40) in 2019 (relative disease refers to 22.66); in 2020, the plant has high resistance to wilt (disease means 2.25) and is resistant to verticillium wilt (relative disease means 13.47). Fiber quality: the cotton quality supervision test center of the agricultural department detects that in 2019, the average length of the upper half part is 32.3 millimeters, the uniformity index is 86.4 percent, the breaking specific strength is 33.1 centi-newtons/tex, the micronaire value is 4.7, the elongation is 5.1 percent, the reflectivity is 80.7 percent, the yellowness is 7.4, and the spinning uniformity index is 167; in 2020, the average length of the upper half was 30.5 mm, the uniformity index was 85.1%, the specific strength at break was 33.1 cN/tex, the micronaire number was 4.7, the elongation was 5.2%, the reflectance was 78.1%, the yellowness was 7.2, and the spinning uniformity index was 155. The average result of the two-year zone test sample detection shows that the average length of the upper half part is 31.4 mm, the uniformity index is 85.7%, the specific strength at break is 33.1 cN/Tex, the micronaire value is 4.7, the elongation is 5.1%, the reflectivity is 79.4%, the yellowness is 7.3, the spinning uniformity index is 161, and the quality type is II.

Yield performance: in the area test of the conventional cotton group in spring sowing in 2019, 291.6 kg of cotton seeds are produced per mu, and the yield is increased by 4.8% compared with that of Jifeng 1271; 113.4 kg of ginned cotton is produced per mu, the yield is increased by 4.2% compared with the control, and the proportion of the coincidence test points is 100%; 104.4 kg of lint before per mu of frost is produced, and the yield is increased by 2.8% compared with a control. In 2020 same group area test, the yield per mu of cotton is 246.5 kg, and is increased by 4.7% compared with the yield of Jifeng 1271; the yield of ginned cotton per mu is 99.5 kg, and is increased by 4.6% compared with the control, and the proportion of the coincidence test points is 100%; 91.8 kg of ginned cotton before per mu of frost is produced, and the yield is increased by 3.4% compared with the control. Two years of regional test, the average acre yield of cotton is 269.0 kg, and the yield is increased by 4.7% compared with a control; 106.5 kg of ginned cotton is produced in average mu, and the yield is increased by 4.4% compared with the control; the average mu yield of ginned cotton is 98.1 kg before frost, and the yield is increased by 3.1% compared with the control. In 2021 same-group production test, 240.5 kg of cotton seeds are produced per mu, and the yield is increased by 7.2% compared with a control; 96.9 kg of ginned cotton is produced per mu, the yield is increased by 12.5% compared with the control, and the proportion of the coincidence test points is 100%; 89.1 kg of ginned cotton before per mu of frost is produced, and the yield is increased by 11.8% compared with a control.

The cultivation technique is as follows: sowing in good time, sowing in the late 4 months of bare land and sowing in the middle 4 months of covered land. The density of the land with medium fertility is 3000-3500. And (3) applying enough base fertilizer, watering once according to cotton growth vigor in the boll period, and applying about 5 kg of urea per mu. Timely control, in bud and flower bell, control by mepiquat chloride, master the principle of "small amount and multiple times", 1-1.5 g for bud, 2 g for initial flower and 2.5-3 g for flower bell. And can be used for preventing and treating cotton pests except cotton bollworm, cotton thrips, and red spider.

Popularization opinion: is suitable for spring sowing planting in the cotton-saving area in Hebei province.

It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

The foregoing is merely an embodiment of the present application, and a specific structure and characteristics of common knowledge in the art, which are well known in the scheme, are not described herein, so that a person of ordinary skill in the art knows all the prior art in the application date or before the priority date, can know all the prior art in the field, and has the capability of applying the conventional experimental means before the date, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can complete and implement the present embodiment in combination with his own capability in the light of the present application, and some typical known structures or known methods should not be an obstacle for a person of ordinary skill in the art to implement the present application. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present application, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present application, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present application and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application is subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.

Claims (2)

1. A high-quality high-yield multi-resistance cotton breeding method based on multi-male parent selection is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of selecting more than two male parent groups to hybridize a single female parent, selecting offspring with the most target characters after hybridization for a plurality of generations to respectively compare with the female parent and the male parent groups, searching samples with the offspring not repeated with the defects of the female parent and the male parent groups to backcross, comparing newly obtained offspring first-generation groups after backcross is completed, then screening the offspring first-generation groups closest to the target characters to perform selfing, and obtaining cotton seeds with stable characters after selfing for at least 2 times;

the method also comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting female parent and male parent, wherein field plant selection is adopted in the selection process;

s2, planting, namely after soil preparation and fertilization, selecting full seeds for germination experiments, and then performing close planting;

s3, pollinating multiple male parents, namely, firstly, manually emasculating female parents, then, taking pollen from crowns of cotton plants of the male parents by using a pollen taking device, mixing pollen taken out by different male parents in the pollen taking device, and then, pollinating each female parent;

s4, screening the offspring, positioning and distinguishing the target characters by using a gene marking method, and screening the offspring closest to the requirement;

s5, backcrossing, namely selecting characters and gene markers in female parent or male parent groups, backcrossing the offspring with the most excellent target characters, so as to form new sub-first-generation groups, and screening dominant species from the sub-first-generation groups again;

s6, removing recessive genes, selfing the dominant species for at least two generations, so as to obtain cotton species with stable characters;

the powder taking device in the step S3 comprises an extending part, a body part and a tail part which are connected with each other, the extending part comprises jaws hinged with each other, one side of each jaw far away from the tail part is provided with a sharp corner, the sharp corner comprises a left sharp corner and a right sharp corner, the left sharp corner is in arc transition connection with the right sharp corner, and the sharp corner is hinged with a vertical supporting rod;

the body is wrapped in the supporting rod, the body comprises a shell, a scoop, an extrusion part and an energy storage part, the extrusion part comprises pressing blocks which are opposite to each other, a torsion spring is connected between the pressing blocks and the shell, the pressing blocks are slidably connected to the shell and are connected to the supporting rod, the scoop is immersed in the body and vertically slides along the body, an ejector rod is hinged to the middle position of the scoop, and one end of the ejector rod, far away from the scoop, is connected to the pressing blocks;

in the step S1, three groups of elements are observed in the plant selection process, wherein the first group is the number of cotton bolls, the size of the cotton bolls and the time of opening the cotton bolls, high-yield and early-maturing single plants are selected, the second group is that after female parent is selected, a certain character cannot be pursued in the screening of male parent, the repeated defects of the male parent and the female parent are avoided, the third group is that the situation is considered, the relaxation requirement on the adjacent plant types in the close planting process is greatly influenced, and the tightening requirement on the adjacent plant types is short;

the energy storage part comprises a knob which is opposite to each other, the knob comprises a rotating part and a convex part which are integrally manufactured, the rotating part is rotationally connected with the shell, the convex part is clamped on the digging spoon, a first stirring block is arranged in the width direction of the digging spoon and is used for stirring the convex block to rotate, one end of the digging spoon, which is far away from the first stirring block, is provided with a second stirring block, and the second stirring block is used for stirring the rotating part to rotate;

the shell is internally provided with a magnet for adsorbing the convex part;

the tail part comprises a bottle body and a screw mouth which are integrally manufactured, and the bottle body is connected with the body part through screw threads of the screw mouth;

in the step S3, the selfing bell and the hybridization bell are distinguished in the pollination process, and the selfing bell is removed;

comparing the screened offspring with the female parent and the male parent group before backcrossing, wherein the comparison needs to meet the following conditions, the offspring does not have the same defects as the female parent and the male parent group, the female parent and the male parent group have the advantages that the offspring does not have, and the offspring is utilized for single plant backcrossing after finishing screening.

2. The method for breeding high-quality high-yield multi-resistance cotton based on multi-male parent selection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, selecting sandy loam which is convenient for irrigation and drainage and is rich in cultivated layer, and fertilizing the soil; the chemical fertilizer is coated in the ridges during ridging;

sowing in middle and late 4 months, wherein the density is 45000-75000 holes per public slope, and 2 seeds are planted in each hole.