CN115872797A - Novel fertilizer for improving tobacco quality of Yuxi tobacco zone and application method thereof - Google Patents
Novel fertilizer for improving tobacco quality of Yuxi tobacco zone and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115872797A CN115872797A CN202211393856.0A CN202211393856A CN115872797A CN 115872797 A CN115872797 A CN 115872797A CN 202211393856 A CN202211393856 A CN 202211393856A CN 115872797 A CN115872797 A CN 115872797A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel fertilizer for improving the quality of tobacco leaves in Yuxi tobacco zone and an application method thereof, belonging to the field of flue-cured tobacco planting, wherein the organic and inorganic fertilizers comprise a solid fertilizer, a water-soluble fertilizer and an organic potassium fertilizer, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the solid fertilizer is 7 mass percent; the organic and inorganic fertilizers are matched with the fertilizing method to be applied to the flue-cured tobacco variety msK326 planted mainly in Yuxi tobacco areas, so that the yield and the quality of flue-cured tobacco are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of flue-cured tobacco planting, and particularly relates to a novel fertilizer for improving the quality of tobacco leaves in Yuxi tobacco zone and an application method thereof.
Background
In the production process of tobacco leaves, the type, the amount and the application method of the fertilizer have important influences on the growth and development of tobacco plants and the yield and quality of the tobacco leaves. Yuxi is in Yunnan middle-jiao, its stereoscopic climate characteristic is very obvious, has mountain area flat dam as spring in four seasons, has "natural greenhouse" the valley land of title, is one of the most suitable areas of our country's flue-cured tobacco production, yuxi cigarette area is Yunnan and even the important production area of national high-quality flue-cured tobacco, and its development directly influences the development of our high-end cigarette brand.
At present, the Yuxi tobacco area has the problems of excessive fertilization in non-tobacco seasons, single old formula of the special fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, quality degradation, nutrient imbalance and the like caused by long-term excessive fertilizer and unscientific use of soil, and the yield and quality of the flue-cured tobacco in the local area are seriously affected.
Therefore, a novel fertilizer for improving the quality of tobacco leaves in Yuxi tobacco areas and an application method thereof are needed, the nutrient requirement characteristics of local main tobacco cultivars are combined, the yield and the quality of the flue-cured tobacco in the Yuxi tobacco areas are improved by developing a special novel fertilizer and matching with a reasonable application method, and the soil quality degradation speed is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the background art, the invention provides a novel fertilizer for improving the quality of tobacco leaves in Yuxi tobacco areas and an application method thereof. And the degradation speed of the soil quality in the Yuxi tobacco zone is reduced by applying the novel fertilizer and the fertilizing method.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the novel fertilizer comprises a solid fertilizer, a water-soluble fertilizer and an organic potassium fertilizer, wherein the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the solid fertilizer is 7 mass percent.
The application method of the novel fertilizer for improving the quality of the tobacco leaves in the Yuxi tobacco area comprises the following steps of applying a base fertilizer and applying additional fertilizers in three times, wherein the base fertilizer is a solid fertilizer with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient content of 7 in mass percent.
Preferably, the application amount of the base fertilizer of the solid fertilizer is 150kg/hm, wherein the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient contents are as follows by mass percent 2 The first topdressing application amount is 150kg/hm 2 The application amount of the second additional fertilizer is 225kg/hm 2 The third-time additional fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass, that is, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 187.5kg/hm 2 The application amount of the organic potash fertilizer is 352.5kg/hm 2 。
Preferably, the application amount of the base fertilizer of the solid fertilizer containing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is 7 in percentage by mass 2 The first-time additional fertilizer application amount is 150kg/hm 2 The application amount of the second top dressing is 225kg/hm 2 The third time of topdressing is that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 10 in mass percent 2 The application amount of the organic potash fertilizer is 150kg/hm 2 。
The application method of the novel fertilizer for improving the quality of the tobacco leaves in the Yuxi tobacco area is applied to cured tobacco varieties msK326 in the Delhong tobacco area.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines the characteristics of the soil in the Yuxi tobacco zone and the nutrient requirements of main tobacco cultivars, prepares an organic and inorganic fertilizer suitable for being applied in the Yuxi tobacco zone, and applies the fertilizer by matching with the fertilizing method, thereby effectively improving the yield and the quality of flue-cured tobacco in the Yuxi tobacco zone and reducing the soil degradation speed of the Yuxi tobacco zone.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments.
The msK326 tobacco variety is selected as a research object, and is planted in the Zhongcun of the former sanitary town in the Jiangxian district of Yuxi city of Yunnan province and the village outside the Yangxian county of the Yangshan county.
In the research process of the invention, standardized floating seedling culture is adopted, 5-leaf 1-heart sound and strong seedlings are taken for transplanting, test points are arranged in an individual test field block and are managed individually, and rice-Chinese cabbage-tobacco crop rotation is adopted.
In order to reduce the influence of irrelevant factors and increase the reliability of research results, the basic fertility of the experimental tobacco field is measured before planting, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Example 1
In the embodiment, the base fertilizer is a solid fertilizer with the nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 7 in mass percent 2 The first additional fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of 10 percent by mass 2 And applying a water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of 10 mass percent to the second top dressing, wherein the application amount is 225kg/hm 2 And 187.5kg/hm of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the third topdressing application of the water-soluble fertilizer is 10 in mass percent 2 352.5kg/hm of organic potassium fertilizer 2 The planting field in this embodiment is the former town village in river and river. The tobacco leaves treated by the method of the embodiment are T1.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the base fertilizer is a solid fertilizer with the nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 7 in mass percent 2 The first time of additional fertilizer application is a water-soluble fertilizer with the nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 10 percent by mass 2 And (3) applying a water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient contents of 10 percent by mass 2 And 187.5kg/hm of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the third topdressing application of the water-soluble fertilizer is 10 in mass percent 2 And 127.5 kg/hm of organic potassium fertilizer 2 Adding the fourth additional fertilizer, and applying 300 kg/hm of organic potassium fertilizer for the fourth additional fertilizer 2 The planting field in this embodiment is the former town village in river and river. The tobacco leaves treated by the method of the embodiment are T2.
Example 3
In this exampleThe base fertilizer is a solid fertilizer with the nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 7 in percentage by mass 2 The first additional fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of 10 percent by mass 2 And applying a water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of 10 mass percent to the second top dressing, wherein the application amount is 225kg/hm 2 And the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the third topdressing is 10 in mass percent 2 And 150kg/hm of organic potassium fertilizer 2 The planting field in this embodiment is the village outside the river of the branch river of the Ant mountain county. The tobacco leaves treated by the method of the embodiment are T3.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, the fertilizers were all provided by local tobacco companies. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the base fertilizer is 12 percent by mass 2 The nitrogen-potassium fertilizer special for the tobacco, which contains the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of 28 mass percent, is applied in the first additional fertilizer, wherein the application amount is 45kg/hm 2 And applying a special tobacco compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient contents of 12 mass percent to the second top dressing, wherein the application amount is 150kg/hm 2 Applying 150kg/hm of agricultural potassium sulfate for the third time of topdressing 2 450kg/hm of agricultural potassium nitrate 2 The planting field of the comparison example is the former sanitary township village in the river and river region. The tobacco leaves treated by the method of the comparative example are CK1.
Comparative example 2
In this comparative example, the fertilizers were all provided by local tobacco companies. The application amount of the special compound fertilizer for the tobacco, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass of 12% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients 2 The nitrogen-potassium fertilizer special for the tobacco, which contains the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of 28 mass percent, is applied in the first additional fertilizer, wherein the application amount is 45kg/hm 2 And applying a special tobacco compound fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of 12 percent by mass 2 And 375kg/hm of potassium sulfate for agriculture is applied for the third time of topdressing 2 The planting field of the comparison example is the village outside the river of the branch river of the Yangshan county. The tobacco leaves treated by the method of this comparative example were CK2.
In examples 1, 2, 3, 1 and 2, the row spacing is 0.5m × 1.2m, the row number is 5, 20 tobacco plants are planted in each row, 3 rows of protection rows are arranged, and the cultivation management refers to local high-quality tobacco leaf production management methods.
The agronomic characters of tobacco plants are investigated according to tobacco industry standard YC/T142-2010 (tobacco agronomic character investigation method) of the people's republic of China, and the investigation results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the table 2, the plant height, the stem circumference, the pitch and the leaf area of T1 and T2 are obviously improved compared with CK1, the plant height and the leaf area of T3 are obviously improved compared with CK2, and the tobacco plants show certain advantages in growth and development by applying the organic and inorganic fertilizers.
According to the tobacco national standard GB 23222-2008 tobacco plant disease and insect pest grading and investigation method, the disease condition of tobacco plants is investigated,
and disease index = [ [ number of disease stages × number of diseased leaves (plants) of the stage]/[ highest disease number X Total leaf number investigated)]The incidence and disease index were calculated at x 100% and are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
As shown in Table 3, the disease rate and disease index of T1 and T2 are obviously reduced compared with CK1 and T3 is obviously reduced compared with CK2, so that the disease resistance of tobacco plants can be improved by applying the organic and inorganic fertilizers, the disease rate and disease index of the tobacco plants are reduced, and the growth of the tobacco plants is facilitated. In the aspect of disease resistance, potassium ions mainly participate in various metabolisms to polymerize some small molecular substances into macromolecular substances, improve the cell structure and increase the cell wall thickness, so that the thickness of a cuticle is correspondingly increased, the capability of crops in resisting pathogenic bacteria is enhanced, and the disease resistance of tobacco plants is improved.
Chemical component analysis was carried out on tobacco plants in accordance with tobacco industry standards such as YC/T159-2002 continuous flow method for measuring water-soluble sugar in tobacco and tobacco products, YC/T173-2003 flame photometry for measuring potassium in tobacco and tobacco products, YC/T160-2002 continuous flow method for measuring total plant alkaloid in tobacco and tobacco products, YC/T161-2002 continuous flow method for measuring total nitrogen in tobacco and tobacco products, and YC/T162-2002 continuous flow method for measuring chlorine in tobacco and tobacco products, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
As can be seen from Table 4, the potassium content of the tobacco leaves at the middle and upper parts can be improved by T1, T2 and T3, and a certain chlorine reduction capacity is also shown, the potassium content of the tobacco leaves is an important index for evaluating the quality of the flue-cured tobacco, the tobacco leaves with high potassium content are deep orange in color, good in taste, sufficient in fragrance, rich in toughness, strong in filling property, good in smoldering fire and combustibility and small in damage to bodies, the potassium content of the tobacco leaves can be effectively increased, the chlorine content is reduced, the proportion of chemical components of the flue-cured tobacco is more coordinated, and the quality of the flue-cured tobacco is improved.
The flue-cured tobacco leaves were classified according to GB 2635-1992 flue-cured tobacco, and the yield, output value and ratio of the tobacco leaves of different grades were calculated, and the results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5
As can be seen from Table 5, the application of the organic and inorganic fertilizers provided by the invention can significantly improve the yield, the output value, the upper grade tobacco ratio and the middle grade tobacco ratio of tobacco leaves, and the economic shape of the tobacco leaves is excellent.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a improve novel fertilizer of yuxi tobacco district tobacco leaf quality which characterized in that: the novel fertilizer comprises a solid fertilizer, a water-soluble fertilizer and an organic potassium fertilizer, wherein the solid fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass, namely, 7% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients or 7% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, wherein the solid fertilizer is added with 3% of chlorine-free amino acid and 0.2% of proline in the total mass of the solid fertilizer, the water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass, namely, 10.
2. The method of applying the novel fertilizer for improving the quality of tobacco leaves in Yuxi tobacco areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the application method comprises the steps of applying a base fertilizer and applying additional fertilizers in three times, wherein the base fertilizer is a solid fertilizer with the nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 7 mass percent.
3. The method of claim 2The method is characterized in that: the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 7 in mass percent 2 The first topdressing application amount is 150kg/hm 2 The application amount of the second top dressing is 225kg/hm 2 The third time of topdressing is that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 10 in mass percent 2 The application amount of the organic potash fertilizer is 352.5kg/hm 2 。
4. The method of application according to claim 2, characterized in that: the base fertilizer application amount of the solid fertilizer is 450kg/hm, wherein the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 7 by mass percent 2 The first topdressing application amount is 150kg/hm 2 The application amount of the second top dressing is 225kg/hm 2 The third time of topdressing is that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 10 in mass percent 2 The application amount of the organic potash fertilizer is 150kg/hm 2 。
5. The application method of the novel fertilizer for improving the quality of the tobacco leaves in Yuxi tobacco area, which is claimed in claim 2, is applied to a flue-cured tobacco variety msK326.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211393856.0A CN115872797A (en) | 2022-11-08 | 2022-11-08 | Novel fertilizer for improving tobacco quality of Yuxi tobacco zone and application method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211393856.0A CN115872797A (en) | 2022-11-08 | 2022-11-08 | Novel fertilizer for improving tobacco quality of Yuxi tobacco zone and application method thereof |
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