CN115871290A - 一种锂碳复合带及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种锂碳复合带及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115871290A CN115871290A CN202310104236.9A CN202310104236A CN115871290A CN 115871290 A CN115871290 A CN 115871290A CN 202310104236 A CN202310104236 A CN 202310104236A CN 115871290 A CN115871290 A CN 115871290A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- carbon composite
- carbon
- metal
- layer
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
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- -1 amino, carboxyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
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- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- RFIMISVNSAUMBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(prop-2-enoxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical class OCC(CO)(CO)COCC=C RFIMISVNSAUMBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种锂碳复合带及其制备方法。锂碳复合带包括基材、位于基材两侧的金属锂过渡层和过渡层外侧的锂碳复合材料层,其中,锂碳复合材料层中碳的质量分数为15%至65%。该锂碳复合带的基材层为锂碳复合带提供高强的拉伸性能,可适应大规模工业化生产;金属锂过渡层使基材层与锂碳复合材料层结合紧密,避免锂碳复合带制造过程中形成鼓泡的问题,并且金属锂过渡层的存在可有效减小锂碳复合带内阻,过渡层中的锂为活性锂,也可参与到电池循环过程中,以弥补锂碳层中金属锂的消耗;锂碳复合材料层中含有碳骨架,不仅可为金属锂的沉积提供预留空间,抑制金属锂循环过程中的体积变化,而且可有效减小电极局部电流密度,防止锂枝晶生成。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于金属锂加工领域,尤其涉及一种锂碳复合带及其制备方法。
背景技术
金属锂作为未来具有极大应用前景的负极材料,一直是锂电池领域研究的热点。而纯金属锂因其在循环过程中具有较大的体积变化以及易产生锂枝晶等问题,而在产业化道路上受阻。
为了克服纯金属锂存在的问题,人们将其他材料与金属锂进行复合,以得到性能更优的复合材料来满足锂电池高能量密度、高循环寿命的需要。其中,廉价而广泛存在的碳材料与金属锂的复合是研究的热点。锂碳复合材料可以解决循环过程中电极的体积变化和抑制锂枝晶生成的作用,但是纯金属锂中加入碳材料之后,尤其是加入高含量的碳材料之后,锂碳材料拉伸强度低,不易加工,也不易附着至集流体基材上。为了提高锂碳材料与集流体基材的结合力,一般采用较大压力的辊压设备来进行复合,但也容易出现鼓泡、集流体与锂碳材料分离的现象,这将导致锂碳材料在电池循环过程中性能的急剧恶化,进而影响电池的循环寿命。
由上可知,确需一种具有高拉伸强度的且锂碳材料紧密结合在基材上的锂碳复合带。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种具有高拉伸强度的且锂碳材料紧密结合在基材上的锂碳复合带,其中在基材层和锂碳材料层之间设置金属锂过渡层,在利用基材层为锂碳复合带提供高强的拉伸性能的同时,通过原位结合的金属锂过渡层避免了基材层与锂碳层不易紧密结合,易形成鼓泡的问题,并且金属锂过渡层的存在可有效减小锂碳复合带内阻,该层中的锂为活性锂,也可参与到电池循环过程中,弥补锂碳材料层中金属锂的消耗。
为达到以上发明目的,本发明的一个方面提供一种锂碳复合带,其包括:
导电性基材,
位于基材两侧的过渡金属锂层,和
过渡金属层外侧的锂碳复合材料层,其中,所述锂碳复合材料包括多孔碳质骨架和填充在多孔碳质骨架的孔隙中的金属锂,锂碳复合材料层中碳的质量分数为15%至65%。
在一些实施方式中,所述的基材为金属箔材、有机聚合物膜材、无机材料膜材或者上述材料的复合膜材。
在一些实施方式中,所述的金属箔材为铝、铜、镍、锡、铂、金、银、铁、铅、钛、铟、锌、镁、铍、钨、钠、锑或者它们的组合得到的箔材,如:铜箔、铝箔、镍箔、不锈钢箔、冲孔铜箔、编织铜网、不锈钢网等。
在一些实施方式中,所述的有机聚合物膜材为聚烯烃、聚酯或者含有一个或多个氨基、羧基、羟基、亚氨基、卤素、磺酸基、硝酸基、巯基、苯基、氰基的改性聚合物制备的膜材,如聚乙烯膜材、聚丙烯膜材、聚丙烯腈膜材、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜材以及带孔的上述膜材等。
在一些实施方式中,所述的无机材料膜材包括无机碳材料、金属氧化物、金属卤化物、金属氮化物、金属硫化物、金属盐类或者它们的组合得到的膜材,如碳纤维膜、石墨烯膜材、碳纳米管膜材、巴基纸等。
在一些实施方式中,所述的上述材料的复合膜材为表面镀铜的聚丙烯腈膜材、表面镀氧化物的铜箔、表面镀银的铜网、表面镀锂的不锈钢网等。
在一些实施方式中,所述的基材厚度为1微米至20微米,基材孔隙率为0%至85%,例如15%至85%。
在一些实施方式中,所述的金属锂过渡层厚度为20nm至5微米,优选1微米至5微米。
在一些实施方式中,所述的锂碳层厚度为1微米至200微米,优选的厚度范围为5微米至50微米。
在一些实施方式中,所述的锂碳复合材料的多孔碳质骨架为由复合碳材料交织而成的具有亲锂性修饰层的网络骨架,其中所述复合碳材料包括晶化碳质材料和覆盖在所述晶化碳质材料的表面上的非晶碳质包裹层,所述非晶碳质包裹层构成亲锂性修饰层。
在一些实施方式中,所述的晶化碳质材料包括碳纳米管、石墨烯、热解碳纤维、石墨、软碳、硬碳、中间相碳微球、碳黑中的一种或多种。
在一些实施方式中,所述的非晶碳质包裹层为与晶化碳质材料共混的有机材料的炭化产物,所述有机材料选自由有机粘结剂、有机填料和交联剂组成的组。
在一些实施方式中,所述的非晶碳质包裹层的厚度在10nm至600nm范围内。
在一些实施方式中,所述非晶碳质包裹层还包括镶嵌于其中或表面上的纳米金属颗粒,所述的纳米金属颗粒的尺寸范围为5nm-800nm
在一些实施方式中,所述的锂碳复合材料层中的多孔碳质骨架具有线形、球形、海胆形、多孔球形、类球形或扁平形结构。
在本发明的另一方面,提供上述锂碳复合带的制备方法,所述制备方法在惰性气体保护下进行,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、基材的预处理,包括对基材进行除油、预氧化、等离子吹扫、超声清洗、高温处理中的至少一个;
步骤二、构建金属锂过渡层,包括采用辊压、刮刀涂敷、挤压涂敷、物理气相沉积、电镀的方式,在基材表面原为构建金属锂过渡层。
步骤三、构建锂碳复合材料层,包括采用刮刀涂敷、挤压涂敷、压力复合的方式将锂碳复合材料与金属锂过渡层结合以得到锂碳复合带。
在一些实施方式中,所述的惰性气体包括高纯氩气、高纯氦气。
在一些实施方式中,所述锂碳复合材料通过以下方法制备:
步骤1、将有机粘结剂、填料、交联剂和溶剂均匀混合,所述填料包括晶化碳质材料、有机填料和任选的无机填料;
步骤2、对步骤1获得的混合物进行去除溶剂的预干燥;
步骤3、在惰性气氛保护下,将步骤2获得的材料在300℃-1200℃范围内的温度进行加热,在冷却后得到多孔碳质骨架;
步骤4、将步骤3得到的多孔碳质骨架用熔融锂浸渍,得到锂碳复合材料。
在一些实施方式中,所述的有机粘结剂、填料、交联剂和溶剂的质量比为(4-15份):(10-30份):(0.01-20份):(20-400份)。
在一些实施方式中,所述的晶化碳质材料在填料中的质量比例为15%至100%。
在一些实施方式中,所述有机粘结剂选自由聚乙烯醇、聚偏氟乙烯、聚丁烯苯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚羧基纤维素、氰基丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸、环糊精、环醚衍生物、聚氨酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂、醋酸乙烯基聚合物、聚酰亚胺、有机氟聚合物、有机硅氧烷、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、甘油、羟苯乙酯及其衍生物、单糖或多糖类聚合物组成的组。
在一些实施方式中,所述有机填料选自由塑料微粒子(聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚苯乙烯)、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸、山梨酸钾、丙酸钙、脱氢乙酸盐组成的组。
在一些实施方式中,所述无机填料选自由金属纳米颗粒、金属氧化物、金属氮化物、碳酸钙、含水硅酸镁、云母、水合二氧化硅、二氧化硅组成的组。
在一些实施方式中,所述交联剂选自由丙烯酸键合烯丙基蔗糖或季戊四醇烯丙醚的高分子聚合物、过氧化苯甲酰、二亚乙基三胺、水合硼酸钠、纤维素衍生物、异噻唑啉酮组成的组。
在一些实施方式中,所述溶剂选自由水、四氯乙烯、甲苯、松节油、丙酮、醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、戊烷、正己烷、环己烷、辛烷、柠檬精、酒精、二甲苯、甲苯环己酮、异丙醇、乙醚、环氧丙烷、甲基丁酮、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单丁醚、乙腈、吡啶、苯酚、乙二胺组成的组。
本发明提供的锂碳复合带至少具有以下优势之一:
该锂碳复合带的基材层,为锂碳复合带提供高强的拉伸性能,可适应大规模工业化生产;
该锂碳复合带的金属锂过渡层使基材层与锂碳层结合紧密,避免锂碳复合带制造过程中形成鼓泡的问题。
金属锂过渡层的存在可有效减小锂碳复合带内阻,并且金属锂过渡层中的锂为活性锂,也可参与到电池循环过程中,以弥补锂碳层中金属锂的消耗。
锂碳复合带中锂碳复合材料层中含有多孔碳质骨架,不仅可为金属锂的沉积提供预留空间,抑制金属锂循环过程中的体积变化,而且可以减小电极局部电流密度,防止锂枝晶生成。
附图说明
图1为本发明锂碳复合带的一个结构示意图。
图2为实施例1制备的锂碳复合带。
图3为实施例6制备的锂碳复合带。
图4为实施例7制备的锂碳复合带。
图5为实施例8制备的锂碳复合带。
图6为实施例9制备的锂碳复合带。
图7为对比例2制备的锂碳复合带。
图8为实施例1、对比例2和对比例3制备的材料组装电池的循环曲线。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
本发明的锂碳复合带的一个代表性结构如图1所示,包括:基材1,结合于基材1两侧的金属锂过渡层2和2’,以及复合于金属锂过渡层上的锂碳复合材料层3和3’。基材1两侧的金属锂过渡层2和2’的厚度可以相同也可以彼此不同,形成金属锂过渡层的方法也可以相同或不同。类似地,两侧的锂碳复合材料层3和3’可以相同或不同。优选金属锂过渡层2和金属锂过渡层2’相同且锂碳复合材料层3和锂碳复合材料层3’相同。
实施例1
基材的预处理
采用旋转等离子清洗机(深圳市东信高科自动化设备有限公司)对6微米厚铜箔进行清洗,得到表面无尘的铜箔基材。
构建金属锂过渡层
采用物理气相沉积,在铜箔表面沉积一层厚度为4微米的金属锂。物理气相沉积过程中腔室真空度为5.0×10-3Pa,腔室温度为650℃,控温精度为±2℃。
构建锂碳层
使用质量比为6:9:9:5:5:2:75的聚乙烯醇(阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司)、聚苯乙烯微球(苏州微迈新材料有限公司)、碳纳米管(山东大展)、二亚乙基三胺(上海妍泰实业有限公司)、异噻唑啉酮(阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司)、银纳米颗粒和去离子水进行均匀混合。
将制得的混合物在85℃下预干燥5小时。将预干燥的材料放入坩埚中,并在惰性气氛保护下进行高温处理得到碳骨架材料,高温处理温度为1000℃处理5小时。将上述制备的碳骨架材料与熔融金属锂接触,金属锂浸渍到碳材料中。冷却后,得到具有三维碳骨架的锂碳块材。经过车削和辊压、裁切,得到厚度为50微米的锂碳复合材料带材。
将上述制备的锂碳复合材料带材通过辊压与表面沉积金属锂的铜箔进行压力复合(压力为2MPa)得到厚度为60微米锂碳复合带,制备的锂碳复合带如图2所示,外层锂碳层紧密附着于铜箔基材上,锂碳层表面平整无鼓包。
实施例2
基材的预处理
使用成卷PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)膜作为基材,厚度为6um,先将成卷的PET膜在真空烘箱内80℃烘干24小时。
构建过渡金属层
在真空蒸镀设备(真空度为10-3Pa,温度为500℃)内将成卷的PET膜上下表面蒸镀上锂层,锂层厚度为4um。
构建锂碳层
将实施例1中制备的锂碳带与表面蒸镀金属锂的PET膜进行辊压复合得到厚度为60微米的锂碳复合带。
实施例3
其他方式如实施例2,仅改变基材为表面镀铜的聚丙烯腈膜材。
实施例4
其他方式如实施例2,仅在聚丙烯腈膜材中加入四氯化锡。
实施例5
其他方式如实施例2,仅在改变基材为表面涂敷氧化铝的聚丙烯腈膜材。
实施例6
其他方式如实施例1,仅改变基材为冲孔的铜,如图3所示。
实施例7
其他方式如实施例1,仅改变基材为编织的铜网,如图4所示。
实施例8
其他方式如实施例1,仅改变基材为不锈钢网,如图5所示。
实施例9
其他方式如实施例1,仅改变基材为碳纳米管纸,如图6所示。
实施例10
其他方式如实施例1,仅改变基材为石墨烯纸。
对比例1
使用质量比为6:9:9:5:5:2:75的聚乙烯醇(阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司)、聚苯乙烯微球(苏州微迈新材料有限公司)、碳纳米管(山东大展)、二亚乙基三胺(上海妍泰实业有限公司)、异噻唑啉酮(阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司)、银纳米颗粒和去离子水进行均匀混合。
将制得的混合物在85℃下预干燥5小时。将预干燥的材料放入坩埚中,并在惰性气氛保护下进行高温处理得到碳骨架材料,高温处理温度为1000℃处理5小时。将上述制备的碳骨架材料与熔融金属锂接触,金属锂浸渍到碳材料中。冷却后,得到具有三维碳骨架的锂碳块材。经过车削和辊压、裁切,得到厚度为60微米的锂碳带材。
对比例2
基材的预处理
采用旋转等离子清洗机(深圳市东信高科自动化设备有限公司)对6微米厚铜箔进行清洗,得到表面无尘的铜箔基材。
构建锂碳层
使用质量比为6:9:9:5:5:2:75的聚乙烯醇(阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司)、聚苯乙烯微球(苏州微迈新材料有限公司)、碳纳米管(山东大展)、二亚乙基三胺(上海妍泰实业有限公司)、异噻唑啉酮(阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司)、银纳米颗粒和去离子水进行均匀混合。
将制得的混合物在85℃下预干燥5小时。将预干燥的材料放入坩埚中,并在惰性气氛保护下进行高温处理得到碳骨架材料,高温处理温度为1000℃处理5小时。将上述制备的碳骨架材料与熔融金属锂接触,金属锂浸渍到碳材料中。冷却后,得到具有三维碳骨架的锂碳复合材料块材。经过车削和辊压、裁切,得到厚度为54微米的锂碳复合材料带材。
将上述制备的锂碳复合材料带材通过辊压与预处理后的铜箔进行压力复合(压力为2MPa)得到厚度为60微米的锂碳复合带。制备的锂碳复合带如图7所示,锂碳复合带表面有鼓包,锂碳层与基体之间未紧密贴合。
对比例3
其他步骤如实施例1,仅使用50微米纯锂带通过辊压与表面沉积金属锂的铜箔进行压力复合(压力为2MPa)得到锂铜复合带。
剥离力测试:
使用各实施例制备的带材制备宽度25mm、长度150mm的测试样品,每个实施例样条数量为5个。将TESA7475胶带(德莎胶带公司)贴于测试样条测试面,使用2kg标准滚轮进行滚压,往复滚压2次。将样条的非测试面贴双面胶固定到标准的不锈钢板上,待测试。将胶带从不锈钢上撕开一端,不锈钢板夹持到下端夹具上,胶带一端夹持到上端夹具上;设置测试机速度30mm/min,拉伸角度为180°,进行测试试验;以180°拉伸胶带的方法测试出的数据的平均值作为测试结果,进行记录。
抗拉伸强度测试
使用各实施例制备的带材制备宽度25mm、长度150mm的测试样品,每个实施例样条数量为5个。将测试样条夹持到测试夹具上;设置测试机速度50mm/min,拉伸角度为180°,进行测试试验,记录材料断裂过程中最大拉力值,对最大拉力值取平均值得到材料的抗拉伸强度。
各实施例1-10和对比例1-3的剥离强度及抗拉伸强度值如下表所示:
实验组 | 剥离力(gf/25mm) | 抗抗拉强度(MPa) |
实施例1 | 183 | 189 |
实施例2 | 192 | 302 |
实施例3 | 195 | 296 |
实施例4 | 191 | 295 |
实施例5 | 190 | 292 |
实施例6 | 265 | 226 |
实施例7 | 259 | 231 |
实施例8 | 262 | 245 |
实施例9 | 235 | 208 |
实施例10 | 228 | 201 |
对比例1 | -(无基材、未进行剥离测试) | 45 |
对比例2 | 55 | 183 |
对比例3 | 192 | 195 |
通过上表实施例1与对比例2可以看出,在铜箔基材上构建金属锂过渡层后,锂碳复合带的剥离力从55 gf/25mm增加至183 gf/25mm,由此可知,过渡层可显著增加锂碳层在铜箔基材上的附着力。通过实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4和对比例1的抗拉伸实验数据也可以看出,锂碳带本身的抗拉伸强度较低,仅为45MPa,而锂碳带辊压至铜箔或有机聚合物基材(如,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯腈)后,材料的抗拉伸强度显著增加,可适应工业化生产的需求。
将实施例1、对比例2和对比例3制备的带材作为负极,与磷酸铁锂正极组装扣式电池,隔膜采用Celgard2500型号的PP膜,电解液采用1M LiPF6,EC:EMC=3:7(vol/vol)。对组装的扣电进行充放电测试,测试电压范围2.2-3.8V,充放电流为0.5C。测试曲线如图8所示。
从图8中可以看出,对比例3采用纯金属锂制备的材料循环至85周左右,电池放电容量急剧衰减,电池寿命终结,而采用锂碳材料组装的电池循环寿命显著延长,对比例2虽然也采用了锂碳材料,但是由于锂碳材料直接与基材进行复合,基材与锂碳材料之间结合不好,导致锂碳材料性能衰减,这可能与材料内阻有关。材料之间结合不好,导致内阻增加,使电池循环寿命衰减速度加快。而使用实施例1材料组装的电池循环寿命最高。
可以理解的是,在本发明的实施例中,虽然结合了具体的实施方式详细描述了本发明的锂碳颗粒及其制备方法,但是,以上仅仅是为了满足法律要件而作出的描述,本发明并不局限于给定的实施例。本领域的技术人员可以根据说明书的揭示和教导,通过适当的操作即可完成锂碳颗粒及其制备方法的复制。
根据上述说明书的揭示和教导,本发明所属领域的技术人员可以对上述实施方式进行适当的变更和修改。因此,本发明并不局限于上面揭示和描述的具体实施方式,对本发明的一些修改和变更也应当落入本发明的权利要求的保护范围内。此外,尽管本说明书中使用了一些特定的术语,但这些术语只是为了方便说明,并不对本发明构成任何限制。
Claims (10)
1.一种锂碳复合带,其特征在于,包括:
导电性基材,
位于基材至少一侧的金属锂过渡层,和
位于金属过渡层外侧的锂碳复合材料层,其中,所述锂碳复合材料包括多孔碳质骨架和填充在多孔碳质骨架的孔隙中的金属锂,锂碳复合材料层中碳的质量分数为15%至65%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锂碳复合带,其特征在于,所述的基材为金属箔材、有机聚合物膜材、无机材料膜材或者上述材料的复合膜材。
3.根据权利要求2所述的锂碳复合带,其特征在于,所述的金属箔材为铝、铜、镍、锡、铂、金、银、铁、铅、钛、铟、锌、镁、铍、钨、钠、锑或者它们的组合得到的箔材;
所述的有机聚合物膜材为聚烯烃、聚酯或者含有一个或多个氨基、羧基、羟基、亚氨基、卤素、磺酸基、硝酸基、巯基、苯基、氰基的改性聚合物制备的膜材;
所述的无机材料膜材包括无机碳材料、金属氧化物、金属卤化物、金属氮化物、金属硫化物、金属盐类或者它们的组合得到的膜材;
所述的上述材料的复合膜材包括表面镀铜的聚丙烯腈膜材、表面镀氧化物的铜箔、表面镀银的铜网、表面镀锂的不锈钢网。
4.根据权利要求1所述的锂碳复合带,其特征在于,所述锂碳复合带满足以下条件中的至少一个:
所述的基材厚度为1微米至20微米,基材孔隙率为0%至85%;
所述的金属锂过渡层厚度为20纳米至5微米;
所述的锂碳复合材料层厚度为1微米至200微米。
5.根据权利要求1所述的锂碳复合带,其特征在于,所述锂碳复合材料的多孔碳质骨架为由复合碳材料交织而成的具有亲锂性修饰层的网络骨架,其中所述复合碳材料包括晶化碳质材料和覆盖在所述晶化碳质材料的表面上的非晶碳质包裹层,所述非晶碳质包裹层构成亲锂性修饰层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的锂碳复合带,其特征在于,
所述晶化碳质材料包括碳纳米管、石墨烯、热解碳纤维、石墨、软碳、硬碳、中间相碳微球、碳黑中的一种或多种;
所述非晶碳质包裹层为与晶化碳质材料共混的有机材料的炭化产物,所述有机材料选自由有机粘结剂、有机填料和交联剂组成的组,
所述非晶碳质包裹层的厚度在10nm至600nm范围内,
可选地,所述非晶碳质包裹层还包括镶嵌于其中或表面上的纳米金属颗粒,所述的纳米金属颗粒的尺寸范围为5nm-800nm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的锂碳复合带,其特征在于,
所述的锂碳复合材料层中的多孔碳质骨架具有线形、球形、海胆形、多孔球形、类球形或扁平形结构。
8.一种如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的锂碳复合带的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法在惰性气体保护下进行,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、基材的预处理,包括对基材进行除油、预氧化、等离子吹扫、超声清洗、高温处理中的至少一个;
步骤二、构建金属锂过渡层,包括采用辊压、刮刀涂敷、挤压涂敷、物理气相沉积、电镀、热蒸镀的方式,在基材表面构建金属锂过渡层;
步骤三、构建锂碳复合材料层,包括采用刮刀涂敷、挤压涂敷、压力复合的方式将锂碳复合材料与金属锂过渡层结合以得到锂碳复合带。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的惰性气体包括氩气、氦气。
10.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述锂碳复合材料通过以下方法制备:
步骤1、将有机粘结剂、填料、交联剂和溶剂均匀混合,所述填料包括晶化碳质材料、有机填料和任选的无机填料;
步骤2、对步骤1获得的混合物进行去除溶剂的预干燥;
步骤3、在惰性气氛保护下,将步骤2获得的材料在300℃-1200℃范围内的温度进行加热,在冷却后得到多孔碳质骨架;
步骤4、将步骤3得到的多孔碳质骨架用熔融锂浸渍,得到锂碳复合材料;
其中,
所述的有机粘结剂、填料、交联剂和溶剂的质量比为4-15份:10-30份:0.01-20份:20-400份,
所述的晶化碳质材料在填料中的质量比例为15%至100%;
所述有机粘结剂选自由聚乙烯醇、聚偏氟乙烯、聚丁烯苯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚羧基纤维素、氰基丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸、环糊精、环醚衍生物、聚氨酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂、醋酸乙烯基聚合物、聚酰亚胺、有机氟聚合物、有机硅氧烷、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、甘油、羟苯乙酯及其衍生物、单糖或多糖类聚合物组成的组;
所述有机填料选自由塑料微粒子、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸、山梨酸钾、丙酸钙、脱氢乙酸盐组成的组;
所述无机填料选自由金属纳米颗粒、金属氧化物、金属氮化物、碳酸钙、含水硅酸镁、云母、水合二氧化硅、二氧化硅组成的组;
所述交联剂选自由丙烯酸键合烯丙基蔗糖或季戊四醇烯丙醚的高分子聚合物、过氧化苯甲酰、二亚乙基三胺、水合硼酸钠、纤维素衍生物、异噻唑啉酮组成的组;
所述溶剂选自由水、四氯乙烯、甲苯、松节油、丙酮、醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、戊烷、正己烷、环己烷、辛烷、柠檬精、酒精、二甲苯、甲苯环己酮、异丙醇、乙醚、环氧丙烷、甲基丁酮、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单丁醚、乙腈、吡啶、苯酚、乙二胺组成的组。
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