CN115869245B - 一种盐酸特比萘芬乳膏及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种盐酸特比萘芬乳膏及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于药物制剂领域,具体涉及一种具有生物相容、无毒、无刺激性的盐酸特比萘芬乳膏及制备方法。它是由盐酸特比萘芬、白藜芦醇与烷基糖苷、橄榄油、1.2‑丙二醇和水在一定温度下搅拌均匀而成,组分少,制备工艺简单。该乳膏具有更好的抗真菌效果和稳定性、涂布性,适合于规模化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是外用药剂的新制剂及其制备方法,具体是采用一种生物相容、无毒、无刺激基质的盐酸特比萘芬乳膏及其制备方法。
背景技术
盐酸特比萘芬,其化学名为(E)-N-(6,6-二甲基-2-庚烯-4-炔基)-N-甲基-1-甲酰胺萘·盐酸。是由诺华公司人工合成的一种具有广谱抗真菌活性的丙烯胺类药物。能特异地干扰真菌固醇的早期生物合成,高选择性抑制真菌的麦角鲨烯环氧化酶,使真菌细胞膜形成过程中麦角鲨烯环氧化反应受阻,从而达到杀灭或抑制真菌的作用。它呈高度疏水性,因此倾向在头发、皮肤、指甲和脂肪组织累积,用于治疗皮肤癣菌感染以及其他真菌性皮肤感染。其结构式为:
盐酸特比萘芬为离子型药物,水中微溶或极微溶解,但容易被氧化剂氧化。制备的乳膏剂需增溶效果好,药物不易析出。但目前市场上的盐酸特比萘芬乳膏制剂多数是采用传统的乳膏制备方法,即分别制备油相和水相,两相混合,乳化制成乳膏。传统的乳化配方、工艺在遇到酸性、碱性或高离子强度时,常常出现乳膏不稳定甚至破乳现象。样品在长期放置过程中,乳化形成的乳滴不稳定,水分遗失,造成膏体不滋润,难以涂抹,有破乳分层的现象。
盐酸特比萘芬乳膏原研制剂是由葛兰素史克公司生产,商品名兰美抒,每克乳膏含盐酸特比萘芬0.01g,其辅料中含有的十六醇和硬脂醇,可能会导致局部皮肤反应,如接触性皮炎,含有的pH调节剂氢氧化钠,也会对皮肤产生一定的刺激。
专利CN103126976B中公开了一种盐酸特比萘芬乳膏制备方法,它是以十二烷基硫酸钠作为乳化剂,十八醇、白凡士林、单硬脂酸甘油酯和轻质液状石蜡为油相,水为水相,丙二醇为保湿剂,尼泊金乙酯为防腐剂,按一定的混合顺序在80℃条件下剪切搅拌制得水包油基质,后将溶于丙二醇的盐酸特比萘芬分散在基质中。本发明制备的乳膏细腻,涂布性好,能够保持较好的稳定性。
专利CN 101467960B公布了一种自乳化盐酸特比萘芬乳膏剂及其制备方法,将自乳化剂聚乙二醇-7硬酯酸酯,表面活性剂司盘80、单硬脂酸甘油酯,稀释剂轻质液体石蜡及纯化水,加热至75-80℃,待各组分完全溶解后继续快速搅拌30-45分钟,冷却至40℃左右;保持此温度,将盐酸特比萘芬加入,继续搅拌均匀;加入适量的三乙醇胺调节pH值4-6之间,抽真空,持续搅拌冷却至室温,制得光泽好、涂布性好、膏体稠度变化小、膏体稳定性好的乳膏制剂。
专利CN109260141A公开了一种盐酸特比萘芬乳膏,辅料包括苯甲酸、氮酮、聚山梨醇80、液体石蜡、乙二胺四甲叉磷酸钠和蒸馏水,制得的成品质地好,适于批量生产。但制剂中液体石蜡占比太高,为31%,副作用较大,患者的用药安全性低。
以上公开的现有乳膏制剂技术中虽取得一定的有益效果,但仍存在一些不足,如组分复杂,辅料种类多,进而会增加不良反应的风险。制备温度高且工艺复杂,不利于有关物质的控制。处方中使用的乳化剂或其他添加剂多数均来自于石油提炼产物,一方面不可避免的会对皮肤带来一定的刺激,另一方面也会对环境造成一定的破坏。
为了改善以上缺陷,发明人想到了一种植物源乳化剂——烷基糖苷和用作油相的天然植物油橄榄油,将其作为载体基质的主要成分,并添加白藜芦醇,用来制备盐酸特比萘芬乳膏制剂。
白藜芦醇是一种生物性很强的天然多酚类物质,又称为芪三酚,是肿瘤的化学预防剂,也是对降低血小板聚集,预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化、心脑血管疾病的化学预防剂。未发现与盐酸特比萘芬具有协同抗真菌作用。
烷基糖苷是一类生物相容的非离子“绿色表面活性剂”,具有广谱抗菌活性强、耐强碱,抗盐性强,与皮肤相容性好,对人体皮肤无刺激,能完全生物降解等诸多优点。已被广泛应用于洗涤、食品、化妆品和制药等领域。近年来,有研究报道烷基糖苷还具有优良的吸收促进性能。
橄榄油属木本植物油,是由新鲜的油橄榄果实直接冷榨而成的,不经加热和化学处理,保留了天然营养成分,橄榄油被认为是迄今所发现的油脂中最适合人体营养的油脂。橄榄油富含丰富的单不饱和脂肪酸——油酸,还有维生素A、维生素B、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K及抗氧化物等,具有良好的抗氧化能力。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的不足,发明人提供了一种盐酸特比萘芬乳膏,以烷基糖苷为表面活性剂,橄榄油和1.2-丙二醇为油相,纯化水为水相,将盐酸特比萘芬、白藜芦醇分散在油相中,按照相区中组分占比,将烷基糖苷、油相和水搅拌均匀,制得盐酸特比萘芬乳膏。制备条件简单温和,得到的乳膏制剂细腻,涂展性、稳定性好,安全性高。
该发明具体通过以下方案实现:
一种盐酸特比萘芬乳膏,所述盐酸特比萘芬乳膏包含盐酸特比萘芬、白藜芦醇、烷基糖苷、油相和水。
所述盐酸特比萘芬乳膏中烷基糖苷选自十六十八烷基葡糖苷、十二十四烷基葡糖苷、辛癸基葡糖苷、十二烷基麦芽糖苷中的一种或多种。
优选的,所述盐酸特比萘芬乳膏中烷基糖苷为十二十四烷基葡糖苷和辛癸基葡糖苷的混合物。
进一步优选的,十二十四烷基葡糖苷和辛癸基葡糖苷的混合比例为5:2。
所述盐酸特比萘芬乳膏中油相为橄榄油与1.2-丙二醇的混合物。
优先的,所述油相中橄榄油与1.2-丙二醇的混合比例为7:3。
所述盐酸特比萘芬乳膏中盐酸特比萘芬为1份、白藜芦醇为1份、烷基糖苷为35-80份、油相为3-25份、水为15-55份。
优选的,所述盐酸特比萘芬乳膏中盐酸特比萘芬为1份、白藜芦醇为1份、烷基糖苷为45-75份、油相为5-20份、水为20-50份。
本发明还提供了一种盐酸特比萘芬乳膏的制备方法,按上述各物料的百分数,将盐酸特比奈芬和白藜芦醇溶解或混悬于油相中,加入烷基糖苷,在37℃的水浴中混合均匀,再加入水,搅拌均匀,静置过夜,即获得盐酸特比奈芬乳膏制剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优势:
(1)盐酸特比奈芬和白藜芦醇具有协同抗真菌作用。
(2)组分精简,有关物质可控性高。烷基糖苷的呈碱性,能够抵消药物的酸性,处方中无需加入pH调节剂;本发明具有良好的保湿性能和适宜的粘弹性,无需另外加入保湿剂和增稠剂;橄榄油优良的抗氧化性能,无需加入抗氧剂。
(3)工艺简单,制备条件温和。工艺过程只需3步混合和静置平衡,所需的温度仅为37℃。
(4)该制剂无毒、无刺激、皮肤相容性好。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例来进一步描述本发明的有益效果,应该正确理解的是:本发明的实施例仅仅是用于说明本发明而给出,而不是对本发明的限制。所以,在本发明的方法前提下对本发明的简单改进均属本发明要求保护的范围。
实施例1
1)处方
2)制备工艺
(a)将处方量的盐酸特比萘芬和白藜芦醇均匀分散在橄榄油和1.2-丙二醇的混合物中;
(b)将处方量的十二十四烷基葡糖苷和辛癸基葡糖苷混合物与载药油相在37℃下混合混匀;
(c)向烷基糖苷和油相的混合物中边搅拌边加入20g水,混匀;
(d)将样品在37℃水浴中静置过夜以达到相平衡,得到盐酸特比萘芬乳膏。
实施例2
1)处方
2)制备工艺
(a)将处方量的盐酸特比萘芬和白藜芦醇均匀分散在橄榄油和1.2-丙二醇的混合物中;
(b)将处方量的十二十四烷基葡糖苷和辛癸基葡糖苷混合物与载药油相在37℃下混合混匀;
(c)向烷基糖苷和油相的混合物中边搅拌边加入25g水,混匀;
(d)将样品在37℃水浴中静置过夜以达到相平衡,即得盐酸特比萘芬乳膏。
实施例3
1)处方
2)制备工艺
(a)将处方量的盐酸特比萘芬和白藜芦醇溶解或混悬在橄榄油和1.2-丙二醇的混合物中;
(b)将处方量的十二十四烷基葡糖苷和辛癸基葡糖苷混合物与载药油相在37℃下混合混匀;
(c)向烷基糖苷和油相的混合物中边搅拌边加入29g水,混匀;
(d)将样品在37℃水浴中静置过夜以达到相平衡,即得盐酸特比萘芬乳膏。
实施例4
1)处方
2)制备工艺
(a)将处方量的盐酸特比萘芬和白藜芦醇溶解或混悬在橄榄油和1.2-丙二醇的混合物中;
(b)将处方量的十二十四烷基葡糖苷和辛癸基葡糖苷混合物与载药油相在37℃下混合混匀;
(c)向烷基糖苷和油相的混合物中边搅拌边加入33g水,混匀;
(d)将样品在37℃水浴中静置过夜以达到相平衡,即得盐酸特比萘芬乳膏。
实施例5
1)处方
2)制备工艺
(a)将处方量的盐酸特比萘芬和白藜芦醇溶解或混悬在橄榄油和1.2-丙二醇的混合物中;
(b)将处方量的十二十四烷基葡糖苷和辛癸基葡糖苷混合物与载药油相在37℃下混合混匀;
(c)向烷基糖苷和油相的混合物中边搅拌边加入35g水,混匀;
(d)将样品在37℃水浴中静置过夜以达到相平衡,即得盐酸特比萘芬乳膏。
对比实施例1
1)处方
2)制备工艺
(a)将处方量的盐酸特比萘芬均匀分散在橄榄油和1.2-丙二醇的混合物中;
(b)将处方量的十二十四烷基葡糖苷和辛癸基葡糖苷混合物与载药油相在37℃下混合混匀;
(c)向烷基糖苷和油相的混合物中边搅拌边加入20g水,混匀;
(d)将样品在37℃水浴中静置过夜以达到相平衡,得到盐酸特比萘芬乳膏。
对比实施例2
1)处方
2)制备工艺
(a)将处方量的白藜芦醇均匀分散在橄榄油和1.2-丙二醇的混合物中;
(b)将处方量的十二十四烷基葡糖苷和辛癸基葡糖苷混合物与载药油相在37℃下混合混匀;
(c)向烷基糖苷和油相的混合物中边搅拌边加入25g水,混匀;
(d)将样品在37℃水浴中静置过夜以达到相平衡,即得白藜芦醇乳膏。
验证实施例
1.本发明抗真菌作用
1.1菌株:白念珠菌103由南京中医药大学附属江苏省中医院真菌室提供。
菌株培养条件:实验用菌株均于沙堡葡萄糖琼脂培养基(SDA)划板活化,白念珠菌103于30℃培养2周后,分别挑取单克隆再次划板活化,取第二次所得单克隆置SDA斜面,用上述方法培养后于4℃保存备用。
1.2真菌悬液的配制
实验前,用接种圈从4℃保存的SDA培养基上挑取白念珠菌103,接种至1ml YEPD培养液,于30℃,200rpm振荡培养,活化16h,使真菌处于指数生长期后期。取该菌液至1mlYEPD培养液中,用上述方法再次活化,16h后,用血细胞计数板计数,以RPMI 1640培养液调整菌液浓度至1×103~5×103CFU/ml。将丝状菌接种至SDA斜面,其中皮下组织真菌和系统性真菌(申克氏孢子丝菌)30℃培养一周;浅表真菌(羊毛状小孢子菌)30℃培养两周。各菌按以上方法活化两次后,加适量RPMI 1640培养液于SDA斜面,用吸管吹打菌落,使真菌孢子游离于RPMI 1640培养液中,然后经四层无菌纱布过滤。培养液经血细胞计数板计数后,加RPMI1640培养液调整孢子浓度至1×103~5×103CFU/ml。
1.3最低抑菌浓度(MIC值)的判定
在30℃恒温箱中,念珠菌培养2周后,用酶标分析仪于620nm测各孔OD值。阳性对照孔的OD值控制在0.2左右,与阳性对照孔比,以OD值下降80%以上的最低浓度孔中的药物浓度为MIC80(真菌生长80%被抑制时的药物浓度)。
1.4结果见表1。
表1体外抗念珠菌活性的MIC80
组别 | 浓度(ug/ml) |
实施例1 | 0.04 |
对比实施例1 | 0.06 |
对比实施例2 | 0.08 |
结果表明:盐酸特比萘芬与白藜芦醇具有协同抗真菌作用。
2.稳定性试验
为了验证本发明中的盐酸特比萘芬乳膏在超常环境中的稳定性,对实施例1-5的盐酸特比萘芬乳膏和对比实施例1-2进行离心(8000r/min,5min),耐热(55℃,6h),耐寒(-15℃,24h)稳定性实验,观察外观性状和涂布性。
结果:盐酸特比萘芬乳膏经离心后,实施例1-5均未出现分层现象,乳膏仍均匀细腻,易于涂布,呈浅褐色透明状;对比实施例1-2出现分层现象,而且颜色加深。
盐酸特比萘芬乳膏经耐寒和耐热实验后,实施例1-5均未出现分层现象,无液化、粗化现象,乳膏仍均匀细腻,易于涂布,呈浅褐色透明状;对比实施例1-2出现分层现象,而且颜色加深。
3.长期稳定性试验
为进一步证明本发明的优越性,发明人对本发明的实施例1-5和对比实施例1-2中所得产品在25℃±2℃、60%±5%RH条件中存放12个月,依据2020版中国药典二部盐酸特比萘芬乳膏有关物质项下的测定方法,分别于0月、3月、6月、9月、12月对保留样品的有关物质进行测定,结果表示,本发明的实施例1-5总杂限度为2.0%,对比实施例1-2在12个月时总杂限度超过2.0%。具体数据如下表所示。
表2.盐酸特比萘芬乳膏长期稳定性试验结果
4.反复给药皮肤刺激性试验
将检疫合格的42只日本大耳白兔按性别体重完全随机分成2组,每组21只,雌雄各半,分别用于完整皮肤和破碎皮肤的刺激性试验。采用同体左右侧自身对比法,以实验动物左侧涂敷受试物,右侧涂敷受试物赋形剂(本发明盐酸特比萘芬乳膏的辅料)为对照。再分别将完好皮肤组和破损皮肤组的21只日本大耳白兔按体重性别随机分成7组,分别为:实施例1组、实施例2组、实施例3组、实施例4组、实施例5组、基质对照组,市售组(兰美抒),每组3只,每组分别给予相应的药品,每日给药一次,每次持续4小时,连续给药14天。每次去除药物后1小时及再次给药前对给药部位进行肉眼观察,记录刺激反应情况及发生和消退时间,在去除末次给药药物后30-60min,24、48和72小时肉眼观察并记录涂敷部位的刺激反应情况。评分标准如表3和表4所示。
表3.皮肤刺激性反应评分标准
表4.皮肤刺激强度评分标准
平均分值 | 评价 |
0-0.49 | 无刺激性 |
0.50-2.49 | 轻度刺激性 |
3.0-5.99 | 中度刺激性 |
6.0-8.00 | 强刺激性 |
结果:完好皮肤组动物给药期间和给药结束后肉眼观察给药局部外观未见红斑、红肿等明显刺激情况。各组皮肤刺激性反应评分平均值均为0。
对于破损皮肤组动物,在给药初期1-3天均可见轻度红斑现象,各组间无明显差异。给药中期,红斑逐渐消失,实施例1-5皮肤愈合的时间较市售组(兰美抒)快1天,愈合程度基本一致。愈合后皮肤未见明显刺激反应,观察期皮肤未见明显异常。
Claims (3)
1.一种盐酸特比萘芬乳膏,其特征在于,所述盐酸特比萘芬乳膏由盐酸特比萘芬为1份、白藜芦醇为1份、烷基糖苷为35-80份、油相为3-25份、水为15-55份组成,烷基糖苷为十二十四烷基葡糖苷和辛癸基葡糖苷的混合物,十二十四烷基葡糖苷和辛癸基葡糖苷的混合比例为5:2;油相为橄榄油与1.2-丙二醇的混合物,橄榄油与1.2-丙二醇的混合比例为7:3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的盐酸特比萘芬乳膏,其特征在于,所述乳膏中盐酸特比萘芬为1份、白藜芦醇为1份、烷基糖苷为45-75份、油相为5-20份、水为20-50份。
3.一种权利要求1-2任一项权利要求所述盐酸特比萘芬乳膏的制备方法,其特征在于,按上述各物料的份数,将盐酸特比奈芬和白藜芦醇溶解或混悬于油相中,加入烷基糖苷,在37℃的水浴中混合均匀,再加入水,搅拌均匀,静置过夜,即获得盐酸特比奈芬乳膏制剂。
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