CN115745699A - Method for preparing and fertilizing organic channel fruit forest ecological fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing and fertilizing organic warp-facilitating fruit forest ecological fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: i, composting and fermenting in a ratio of 'fresh cow dung, dry bacterial slag and compound microorganism bacteria'; II, land preparation and ditching; III, applying compost; IV, treating broad bean seeds; v, sowing; VI, topdressing and weeding; VII, harvesting fresh broad beans; VIII, turning over and pressing; IX: and planting and turning over the seeds in three years according to the steps I to IX. The ecological fertilization method of cow dung, dry mushroom dregs, compound microbial inoculum and fresh broad beans, which is adopted by the invention, provides a process for preparing an easily organized fruit forest ecological fertilizer and a fertilization method, realizes the environment-friendly efficient recycling of agricultural wastes of fresh cow dung and dry mushroom dregs, provides technical support for improving and quickly improving soil quality of easily organized hilly and mountain areas in south China, and has important significance for improving and enhancing the quality of easily organized fruit forest industry, building environment-friendly new rural areas and promoting the sustainable utilization of easily organized soil.

Description

Method for preparing and fertilizing organic channel fruit forest ecological fertilizer

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of fertile cultivation of fruit forest soil, and particularly relates to a method for preparing and fertilizing an organic fertile fruit forest ecological fertilizer.

Background

The invention relates to a fruit forest suitable for organizing and cultivating, which is a hilly mountain land for planting and developing fruit forest after abandoned land suitable for organizing and cultivating land. In recent years, to solve a land abandoned land, reduce planting cost, improve mechanization rate, promote proper scale operation of agriculture, strengthen social service bodies, drive local industrial development, and place high importance on mechanized land reclamation of abandoned land. According to statistics, the total area of the land suitable for organic cultivation in Chongqing can reach 1000 ten thousand mu by 2025 years, wherein the planting area of the fruit forest accounts for about 30 percent of the area of the land suitable for organic cultivation. From the research of the whole city, abandoned lands are mainly concentrated on hilly slopes with remote positions, obstructed roads and low mechanization degree, and the unused cultivated land of the whole slope occupies about 70 percent of the abandoned land area. After the abandoned land is treated by an organic machine, the damage of the ripe soil of a plough layer, the thinning of a soil layer, the exposure of core soil, the increase of gravels, the damage of physical structures such as soil volume weight, porosity, granular structure and the like occur; the content of main nutrients in a plough layer is reduced, the microbial population structure and the main enzyme activity of soil are reduced, and the quality of cultivated land is reduced; scattered land, small land blocks, large gradient, poor soil quality, serious water and soil loss and the like, seriously influences the healthy growth of the Jingguo forest and reduces the yield and the quality of the Jingguo forest. Therefore, in order to create good soil conditions for the growth and development of the computerized fruit forest, improve the quality of the fruit forest soil and the diversity of beneficial microbial communities and optimize the texture configuration of the soil section, the development of ecological fertilizers for the computerized fruit forest and the rapid soil fertilization need to be strengthened urgently.

The cow dung is the largest source of livestock manure and urine organic fertilizer in China, is high-quality organic fertilizer, is not subjected to harmless treatment such as fermentation and the like, is directly applied to increase crop diseases and insect pests, and causes environmental pollution. The fresh cow dung has the characteristics of high organic matter, cellulose content, water content and the like, is easy to cause air impermeability by direct fermentation, cannot produce fermentation effect by microorganisms, and simultaneously causes volatilization of a large amount of ammonia, reduces compost quality and causes environmental pollution. The dry-wet separation is a mode mainly adopted for treating the cow dung at present, a large amount of nitrogen in the cow dung is taken away along with urine in the separation process, the fertilizer efficiency is reduced, the operation is troublesome, and time and labor are wasted; the traditional fresh cow dung and other crop straws are mixed and fermented, and the composting microbial inoculum is single or improper, so that insufficient fermentation is caused, ammonia gas volatilizes, the fertilizer efficiency is reduced, and the composting quality is reduced.

The fungus dregs refer to culture waste generated in the process of cultivating edible fungi, statistics shows that the waste dry fungus dregs generated by the edible fungi in China in 2020 is as high as 2800 ten thousand tons, and how to realize the recycling of the fungus dregs waste is a difficult problem which is solved by the students all the time, and the traditional modes of directly discarding and burning not only cause the waste of a large amount of resources, but also seriously affect the ecological environment. The microbial residue fertilizer is directly applied to farmlands, so that the base number of soil mixed bacteria is increased, the bacterial reproduction is enhanced, harmful bacteria are increased, the soil ecological environment is deteriorated, the plant growth and the soil ecological environment are influenced, the rotten microbial residue is used as an organic fertilizer raw material, and the microbial residue is an important way for recycling the microbial residue. Therefore, the scheme aims at the problems that the fresh cow dung is high in moisture content, the ammonia gas is volatile, the organic matter content of the bacterial residues is high, the nutrient content is low and the like, optimizes the proportioning structure of the fresh cow dung and the bacterial residues, is suitable for the proportioning structure of the compound microbial inoculant, inhibits the propagation of harmful microorganisms, promotes the number of beneficial microorganisms, manufactures efficient and ecological fertilizers, and realizes the environment-friendly efficient recycling of the fresh cow dung and the bacterial residues.

Broad beans are the third most important winter edible bean crops in the world, are rich in protein, mineral substances, vitamins, calcium and iron, can convert molecular nitrogen in the nature into nitrogen compounds through the nitrogen fixation effect, and increase the nitrogen content of soil. The planting area of fresh broad beans in Chongqing, sichuan and Yunnan provinces is more than 400 ten thousand mu per year, and the fresh broad beans as green manure have the following advantages for improving soil. 1. Broad beans are important soil-raising crops, and can improve the nitrogen nutrient content of soil through the nitrogen fixation effect; 2. when fresh broad beans are harvested, the broad bean stem leaves have low cellulose and lignin content and high oil, protein and soluble sugar content, and are easy to decompose and humify after returning to the field, so that the organic quality of soil is quickly improved. 3. The broad beans can be used as green manure to fertilize soil fertility, and fresh broad beans can be harvested to improve the economic benefit output of fruit forests. 4. Broad bean plants are about 80cm, the root depth is less than 30cm, the concentration is 0-20 cm, and the broad bean plants do not compete with fruit forests for light, temperature and water resources excessively.

Disclosure of Invention

I, proportioning fresh cow dung, dry bacterial slag and compound microbial bacteria for composting and fermentation.

(1) Site and time: the temperature of the cement field is preferably kept above 15 ℃, and the temperature is preferably increased indoors or covered by a film in winter for temperature increase.

(2) Proportioning and stirring materials: mixing fresh cow dung and the crushed dry mushroom dregs according to the mass ratio of 100 to 60, and uniformly mixing the mixture.

(3) Optimizing the compound microbial agent: for optimization, the compound microbial agent is prepared from bifidobacterium, lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and acetic acid bacteria according to the proportion of 1.

(4) Building a pile: in order to control the fermentation temperature conveniently, a strip stacking method is adopted, the width of a material stack is 1.5-2.0 m, the height of the material stack is 1.0-1.5 m, and the length is determined according to the field and the requirement; after the pile is built, the periphery of the pile is compacted to form a trapezoid shape; and respectively drilling air holes with the diameter of 5-10 cm at the top and the middle positions of two sides of the pile every 40-50 cm, wherein the depth reaches the center of the pile.

(5) Turning: after stacking, monitoring the temperature of the materials, maintaining for 4-6 days after the temperature of the materials rises to 50-60 ℃, turning the stacks for 1 time when the temperature reaches 65-70 ℃, stacking again according to the same mode, turning over for 2 times to complete fermentation, and opening the manure stacks for cooling after the fermentation is completed for application.

II, soil preparation and ditching: in the middle ten days of 9 months in the current year, a small-sized rotary cultivator is used for rotary tillage and soil preparation, a ditcher is used for ditching 40-50 cm away from one side of a fruit forest row, the width of each ditch is 30-40 cm, and the depth of each ditch is 20-30 cm.

III, compost application: after the ditching is finished, the prepared ecological fertilizer is applied, and the application amount is 2000-2500 kg/667m ² And (5) targeting and waiting for sowing.

IV, seed treatment: selecting fresh broad bean varieties with strong disease resistance and strong growth vigor, such as: fresh silkworm No. 8, adult Hu 22, etc.; selecting germ-free normal broad bean seeds, and selecting sun-dried seeds in sunny days 1 week before sowing; dressing the seeds with rhizobia, wherein 20-25 g of rhizobia agent is used per kilogram of seeds.

V, sowing: sowing in the last 9 to the last 10 monthsBroad bean row spacing is 50cm, plant spacing is 30cm, 2-3 seedlings are reserved in each hole, and the seed consumption is 10-15 kg/667m ² The distance between the broad bean and the fruit tree is 40-50 cm.

VI, topdressing and weeding: and (3) applying a proper amount of micro-fertilizer according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the fruit trees in different growth periods, and carrying out intertillage weeding for 1 time when the broad beans grow to 10-20 cm.

VII, harvesting fresh broad beans: and (4) harvesting fresh broad beans in time according to market quotations in the 4 th month and early of the next year.

VIII, turning over and pressing: the rotary cultivator is used for turning over, pressing and deeply burying the broad bean straws on the overground part with vigorous growth to return to the field.

IX, in the 2 nd year, fertilizing and planting are carried out according to the steps, and the ditching position is the other side of the fruit bearing forest.

The method of the invention has the following advantages.

1. Compared with the traditional abandoned, herbicide and fertilizer application modes, the mode of cow dung, bacterial residue compost, compound microbial inoculum and fresh broad bean can quickly improve the organic matter and nutrient content of the fertile Jingguo soil, reduce the soil volume weight, enrich the soil microbial content and the biodiversity, improve the ecological environment of the Jingguo soil and increase the biological diversity and the ecological system stability of the Jingguo soil.

2. The novel way of simply and efficiently utilizing the wastes such as the fresh cow dung, the mushroom dregs and the like is created, the functions and the matching structures of the beneficial microorganism composite bacteria are researched by optimizing the appropriate matching structures of the cow dung, the mushroom dregs and the like, the wastes are recycled and efficiently reused, and the environmental pollution is reduced.

3. Compared with the traditional abandoned, applied herbicide and applied fertilizer modes, the invention can promote the rapid growth of the Jing Guo forest and obviously improve the yield and the quality of the Jing Guo forest.

4. According to the invention, through application and development of ecological fertilizers, the soil permeability can be increased, the physicochemical property is improved, the incidence rate of red spot of broad beans is reduced, and the continuous cropping obstacles of broad beans and other leguminous crops are relieved by phenolic acid substances generated by composting cow dung and bacterial residues through the compound microbial inoculant.

5. The consumption of soil nutrients by intercropping nitrogen fixation crops, namely broad beans, is low, and about 8kg of nitrogen can be fixed per mu; the plants grow vigorously and have large biomass, and after fresh broad beans are picked, the cellulose and lignification degrees of stems and leaves of the plants are low, the plants are extremely easy to rot after being returned to the field, and the nutrient content of the soil in the orchard can be quickly improved; the plants are not tall, the root systems are shallow, and the competition with the fruit trees in the aspects of water, fertilizer and gas heat is small; the field weeds are inhibited, the labor cost investment such as weeding is saved, the fresh broad beans are harvested, and the economic benefit of the fruit bearing forest is improved.

The invention follows the principle of 'environmental protection, recycling, light weight, simplicity and high efficiency', comprehensively considers the recycling of agricultural wastes such as fresh cow dung, bacterial residues and the like according to the soil and climate characteristics of Chongqing areas and the growth characteristics of fruit trees in the channels, realizes the organic matter content of the organically improved abandoned land low, thins the plough layer, reduces the microbial population structure and the main enzyme activity of the soil, reduces the cultivated land quality and other factors, invents the ecological fertilization method of 'cow dung, bacterial residue compost, compound microbial inoculum and fresh broad beans', improves the quality and the efficiency of the organically improved channel fruit tree industry, improves the micro-ecological environment of the organically improved channel fruit tree soil, promotes the stability and the sustainable development of the organically improved channel fruit tree agricultural ecological system, and has wide application prospect and value.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows that, in example 1, after the wild beans are cultivated in the mechanized Chinese prickly ash forest under the condition of abandoned land and the different fertilizers are used, the content of organic matters and main nutrients in the soil is 0-20 cm.

Detailed Description

The following provides a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention.

Example 1.

A method for preparing and fertilizing organic-suitable fruit forest ecological fertilizer comprises the following steps.

I, proportioning, composting and fermenting fresh cow dung, dry bacterial slag and compound microbial bacteria.

(1) Site and time: and (4) covering a layer of waterproof plastic cloth on the open cement land, and composting in the 6 th month in the 1 st year.

(2) Proportioning and stirring materials: and (3) proportioning the fresh cow dung and the crushed mushroom dregs according to the mass ratio of 100.

(3) Optimizing the compound microbial agent: preferably, spraying bifidus bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and acetic acid bacteria in the mixed liquid of the fresh cow dung and the bacterial residues, and applying 65g of the composite microbial inoculum to each cubic meter of the mixed liquid according to the following ratio of 1.

(4) Building a pile: in order to facilitate the control of the fermentation temperature, a strip stacking method is adopted, wherein the width of a material stack is 1.5m, the height of the material stack is 1.5m, and the length of the material stack is 10m; after finishing, the periphery is compacted to be trapezoidal; air holes with the diameter of 10cm are punched at the top of the pile and the middle positions of the two sides at intervals of 40cm, and the depth reaches the center of the pile.

(5) Turning: after stacking, monitoring the temperature of the materials, maintaining for 6 days after the temperature of the materials rises to 50-60 ℃, turning the stacks for 1 time when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, stacking according to the previous mode, turning over for 3 times to complete fermentation, and opening the manure stacks for cooling after the fermentation is completed for application.

II, soil preparation and ditching: and in 2019, 9, 14 days, carrying out rotary tillage by using a small orchard rotary cultivator, carrying out soil preparation and ditching among orchard lines by using a ditching machine, wherein the ditching width is 35cm, the ditching depth is 25cm, and the ditching position is 40cm away from a warp fruit forest line at one side of the warp fruit forest line.

III, composting application: after the ditching is finished, applying thoroughly decomposed cow dung and mushroom dreg compost in an application amount of 2000kg/667m ² And (5) targeting and waiting for sowing.

IV, seed treatment: selecting fresh broad bean variety with strong disease resistance and strong growth vigor, introducing silkworm fresh No. 8, selecting germ-free normal broad bean seeds, sun-drying for 9 months and 25 days, and dressing rhizobia seeds with 20g of rhizobia agent per kilogram of seeds.

V, sowing: sowing in the last ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 10 months, wherein the row spacing of the broad beans is 50cm, the row spacing of the broad beans is 30cm, 2 seedlings are planted in each hole, and the seed consumption is 15kg/667m ² The distance between the intercropped broad beans and the Jingguo forest is 40cm.

VI, topdressing and weeding: applying trace element fertilizer according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of fruit trees in different growth periods, and carrying out intertillage weeding for 1 time when the broad beans grow to 15 cm.

VII, harvesting fresh broad beans: and (4) harvesting fresh broad beans in time according to market conditions in the grain swelling period at the beginning of 4 months in 2020.

VIII, turning over and pressing: after the fresh broad beans are picked, the straws growing vigorously on the upper part of the ground are timely turned and pressed by a rotary cultivator to be returned to the field.

IX, 2021 year, planting according to the above steps, and ditching the other side of the fruit bearing forest.

In order to verify the soil fertility improvement effect of the example 1 of the invention, a field test was carried out in 2019-2021 at the base of Chongqing Huiyou agricultural science and technology Limited liability company in Yongchuan area, chongqing City.

The base is located at 105 degrees and 92 degrees in east longitude, 29 degrees and 25 degrees in north latitude, has an altitude of 320m, belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate, has an average temperature of 17.7 ℃, an average annual rainfall of 1015.0 millimeters, an average sunshine of 1218.7 hours and an average frost-free period of 317 days.

The soil is purple soil, the PH is 6.62, and the organic matter is 9.72 g/kg ^-1 Total nitrogen 0.63 g/kg ^-1 Total phosphorus 30.4 mg/kg ^-1 16.69 g/kg of total potassium ^-1 26.8 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen ^-1 Effective phosphorus 4.08 mg/kg ^-1 68.71 mg/kg of available potassium ^-1 。

The tested pepper variety is the nine-leaf green pepper, the row spacing is 3m multiplied by 4m, and the pepper is planted in 2018 years. The inter-row planting of the broad beans is 'Chuanshanxian No. 8' bred by the research institute of special crops of agricultural academy of sciences in Chongqing. The test adopts a split zone design, 2 main treatments are broad bean planting and abandoned weeding, and 4 auxiliary treatments are respectively non-fertilization (ZF), recommended fertilizer application amount and distribution (NPK), organic fertilizer + stubble pushing fertilizer (ONPK) and fresh cow dung + bacterial residue proportioning Compost (CSB), and the total fertilization amount is unchanged. Cell area 150m ² The three times of the above steps are repeated, and the fertilizer is urea (N46%) and calcium superphosphate (P) ₂ O ₅ 12%) and potassium sulfate (K) ₂ O50%), the organic fertilizer is duck manure compost, the organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are applied in autumn in a base fertilizer mode at one time, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2 times, namely 60% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in autumn as the base fertilizer, and 40% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a topdressing mode in the flowering period. The herbicide is sprayed with glyphosate for 1 time respectively in 6 months, 7 months, 8 months and three months, and the treatment level and the field management level are consistent.

The specific test treatments and fertilizer application amounts are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 treatment and fertilizing amount (kg/667 m) of soil fertilization experiment ² ）。

The nutrient contents of the organic fertilizer for the test are shown in table 2.

Table 2 nutrient content of the organic fertilizer used for the test.

Soil samples are collected before treatment in each test in 2019 and 2020, a 5-point method is adopted for sampling, the sampling depth is 0-20 cm, three repeated soil samples are uniformly mixed after sampling, impurities such as plant residues, root systems, stones and the like are removed, the physicochemical properties of the soil are measured after sieving and drying, and the organic matter content of the soil with different treatment ranges from 0cm to 20cm is shown in figure 1.

The main nutrient contents of the soil treated by the different fertilizer formulations under the pepper intercropping broad bean mode are shown in table 3.

Table 3 different treatments for the main nutrient changes of the soil.

As can be seen from fig. 1, in 2020, under the condition of broad bean planting, the organic matter content of soil in the treatment of applying fresh cow dung and bacteria residue proportioned Compost (CSB) is significantly higher than that in the three treatments of no fertilizer application (ZF), recommended fertilizer application proportioned fertilizer (NPK) and organic fertilizer and stubble pushing fertilizer (ONPK). The highest organic matter content can be achieved by applying the fresh cow dung, the bacteria residue ratio compost and the fresh broad beans, and the organic matter content reaches 13.86 g.kg ^-1 The ratio of the fresh cow dung to the bacterial residue is respectively 14.74 percent, 12.22 percent, 34.96 percent and 41.14 percent higher than the ratio of the fresh cow dung to the bacterial residue to the compost plus the abandoned land, the organic fertilizer plus the recommended fertilizer plus the broad bean, the recommended fertilizer application amount to the broad bean and the abandoned land plus the non-fertilizer. The two-year test results show that the organic matter content of the soil is obviously improved by adopting the mode of 'fresh cow dung, bacterium residue proportioning compost and broad beans', the pH value of the soil is improved, the acid soil gradually reaches neutral soil, and the total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content of the soil are obviously improved. Therefore, the technical proposal proposes "The combination scheme of the fresh cow dung, the bacteria residue, the compost and the fresh broad beans is favorable for balancing the pH value of soil, improving the organic matter content and the soil fertility of the soil, reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, increasing the income per mu by more than 400 yuan, and is a sustainable development mode suitable for quick ecological fertilization through fruit forests.

Example 2.

A method for preparing and fertilizing organic-suitable fruit forest ecological fertilizer comprises the following steps.

I, proportioning fresh cow dung, dry bacterial slag and compound microbial bacteria for composting and fermentation.

(1) Time: composting took place in 7 months.

(2) Proportioning and stirring materials: and (3) proportioning the fresh cow dung and the crushed mushroom dregs according to the mass ratio of 100.

(3) Optimizing the compound microbial agent: preferably, spraying bifidus bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and acetic acid bacteria in the mixed liquid of the fresh cow dung and the bacterial residues, and applying 70g of the composite microbial inoculum to each cubic meter of the mixed material according to the following ratio of 1.

(4) Building a pile: in order to facilitate the control of the fermentation temperature, a strip stacking method is adopted, wherein the width of a material stack is 1.5m, the height of the material stack is 1.5m, and the length of the material stack is 7m; after finishing, the periphery is compacted to be trapezoidal; air holes with the diameter of 10cm are punched at the top of the pile and the middle positions of two sides at intervals of 40cm, and the depth reaches the center of the pile.

(5) Turning: after stacking, monitoring the temperature of the materials, maintaining for 6 days after the temperature of the materials rises to 50-60 ℃, turning the stacks for 1 time when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, stacking according to the previous mode, turning over for 3 times to complete fermentation, and opening the manure stacks for cooling after the fermentation is completed for application.

II, soil preparation and ditching: and (3) carrying out rotary tillage by using a small orchard rotary cultivator 6 days 9 months in the first year, carrying out soil preparation and ditching among orchard lines by using a ditching machine, wherein the ditching width is 30cm, the ditching depth is 20cm, and the ditching position is 40cm away from the fruit tree line at one side of the fruit tree line.

III, composting application: after the ditching is finished, applying decomposed cow dung and mushroom dreg compost in an application amount of 2500kg/667m ² And (5) targeting and waiting for sowing.

IV, seed treatment: the fresh broad bean variety Chenghu No. 14 with strong disease resistance and growth vigor is selected, and 20g of rhizobium inoculant is used for each kilogram of seeds.

V, sowing: sowing in late 9 months to late 10 months, wherein the row spacing of broad beans is 50cm, the planting spacing is 30cm, each hole has 2 seedlings, and the seed consumption is 15kg/667m ² The distance between the intercropped broad beans and the row of the fruit bearing forest is 40cm.

VI, topdressing and weeding: applying trace element fertilizer according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of fruit trees in different growth periods, and carrying out intertillage weeding for 1 time in the broad bean seedling period.

VII, harvesting fresh broad beans: and (4) harvesting fresh broad beans in time according to market conditions in the grain swelling period at the beginning of 4 months in the next year.

VIII, turning over and pressing: after the fresh broad beans are picked, the straws growing vigorously on the upper part of the ground are timely turned and pressed by a rotary cultivator to be returned to the field.

IX, planting according to the steps in the second year, wherein the ditching position is the other side of the fruit bearing forest.

In order to verify the soil fertility improvement effect of the invention, experiments were carried out in the cucumber mountain village pear garden in Yongchuan area of Chongqing in 2020-2021 years.

The base is located at the east longitude of 105 degrees, the northern latitude of 29 degrees and the altitude of 510m, belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate, has the pH of 6.34 and contains 10.58 g.kg of organic matters ^-1 0.68 g/kg of total nitrogen ^-1 26.3 mg/kg of total phosphorus ^-1 18.26 g/kg of total potassium ^-1 27.53 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen ^-1 5.49 mg/kg of available phosphorus ^-1 Effective potassium 72.26 mg/kg ^-1 。

The pear variety to be tested is yellow-crown pears, the row spacing is 3m multiplied by 4m, the planting in 2018 years is carried out, and the broad bean variety planted among rows is No. 14 Chenghu. The test sets four treatments of no fertilizer application + residual waste (ZF), recommended fertilizer application amount distribution + residual waste (NPK), organic fertilizer + residual waste (ONPK), fresh cow dung + bacterial residue ratio compost + broad bean (CSB), and the area of a cell is 120 m ² The three times of the above steps are repeated, and the fertilizer is urea (N46%) and calcium superphosphate (P) ₂ O ₅ 12%) and potassium sulfate (K) ₂ O50%), organic fertilizer is duck manure compost, organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are used as base fertilizerThe formula is that the fertilizer is applied once in autumn, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2 times, namely 60 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer in autumn, 40 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a topdressing mode in flowering period, the specific fertilization level and fertilization amount of each experiment treatment are the same as that of example 1, the herbicide is respectively sprayed with glyphosate for 1 time in 6 and 8 months, and each treatment and field management level are consistent.

The change of soil nutrients in the intercropped broad beans in the pear orchard after different fertilization treatments is shown in table 4.

Table 4 major nutrient changes for different treated soils.

As can be seen from table 4, in 2020 and 2021 years, the organic matter content of soil is significantly increased by mixing fresh cow dung, bacterial slag, compost and fresh broad bean seeds, wherein the maximum organic matter content of soil in 2020 and is 12.03, which are 5.4%, 12.96% and 13.4% higher than that of organic fertilizer, secondary fertilizer, abandoned (ONPK), recommended fertilizer dosage, abandoned (NPK) and unfertilized fertilizer, abandoned (ZF) treatments respectively; in 2021, the maximum organic matter content of the soil can reach 13.62 g/kg ^-1 Compared with organic fertilizer, stubble chemical fertilizer, abandoned (ONPK), recommended chemical fertilizer application amount distribution and abandoned (NPK) and non-fertilizer application and abandoned (ZF) treatment, 11.29 percent, 27.53 percent and 28.13 percent respectively, which show that the effect is more obvious when the content of organic matters in the soil is changed greatly along with the increase of the application years, and meanwhile, the fresh cow dung, bacterium residue distribution composting and broad bean treatment method obviously improves the contents of total nitrogen, alkaline decomposition nitrogen, effective phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the soil and balances the PH value of the soil.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. A method for preparing and fertilizing organic warp-free fruit forest ecological fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:

i, proportioning, composting and fermenting the fresh cow dung, the dry bacterial slag and the compound microbial bacteria:

(1) Site and time: the temperature of the selected open cement land is kept above 15 ℃, and in order to increase the temperature, the temperature is increased indoors or covered by a film;

(2) Proportioning and stirring materials: mixing fresh cow dung and the crushed dry mushroom dregs according to the mass ratio of 100-60, and uniformly mixing;

(3) Optimizing the compound microbial agent: for optimization, the bifidus bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, the bacillus subtilis, the yeast, the actinomycetes and the acetic acid bacteria are prepared into a compound microbial agent according to the proportion of 1;

(4) Building a pile: in order to control the fermentation temperature conveniently, a strip stacking method is adopted, the width of a material stack is 1.5-2.0 m, the height of the material stack is 1.0-1.5 m, and the length is determined according to the field and the requirement; after the pile is built, the periphery of the pile is compacted to form a trapezoid shape; drilling air holes with the diameter of 5-10 cm at the top of the pile and the middle positions of two sides of the pile respectively every 40-50 cm, wherein the depth reaches the center of the pile;

(5) Turning: after pile building, monitoring the temperature of the material, maintaining for 4-6 days after the temperature of the material rises to 50-60 ℃, turning the pile for 1 time when the temperature reaches 65-70 ℃, building the pile again according to the same mode, turning over for 2 times to complete fermentation, and opening the manure pile for cooling after the fermentation is completed for application;

II, soil preparation and ditching: in the middle ten days of 9 months in the current year, a small rotary cultivator is used for rotary tillage soil preparation, a ditching machine is used for ditching 40-50 cm away from one side of a fruit forest row, the ditch width is 30-40 cm, and the ditch depth is 20-30 cm;

III, compost application: after the ditching is finished, the prepared ecological fertilizer is applied, and the application amount is 2000-2500 kg/667m ² Target-leveling and waiting for sowing;

IV, seed treatment: selecting fresh broad bean varieties with strong disease resistance and strong growth vigor, such as: fresh silkworm No. 8, adult Hu 22, etc.; selecting germ-free normal broad bean seeds, and selecting sun-dried seeds in sunny days 1 week before sowing; dressing the seeds with rhizobium, wherein 20-25 g of rhizobium inoculant is used for each kilogram of seeds;

v, sowing: sowing in the last ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 10 months, wherein the row spacing of the broad beans is 50cm, the row spacing of the broad beans is 30cm, 2-3 seedlings are reserved in each hole, and the seed consumption is 10-15 kg/667m ² Separating broad beans from the fruit bearing forest by 40-50 cm;

VI, topdressing and weeding: according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of fruit trees in different growth periods, applying a proper amount of micro-fertilizer, and carrying out intertillage weeding for 1 time when the broad beans grow to 10-20 cm;

VII, harvesting fresh broad beans: collecting fresh broad beans in time according to market quotations in the 4 th month and early of the next year;

VIII, turning over and pressing: turning over, pressing, burying and returning the overground horsebean straws which grow vigorously to the field by using a rotary cultivator;

IX, in the 2 nd year, fertilizing and planting are carried out according to the steps, and the ditching position is the other side of the fruit bearing forest.

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