CN115606699B

CN115606699B - Feed for dairy cows and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN115606699B
Application number: CN202211303388.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹晶晶
Original assignee: Qian'an Aoxin Agricultural Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Qian'an Aoxin Agricultural Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-10-24
Filing date: 2022-10-24
Publication date: 2023-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 2042-10-24
Also published as: CN115606699A

Abstract

The invention provides a feed for dairy cows and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of feed preparation. The feed for cows can improve trans C18:1 fatty acid change, change rumen hydrogenation path and increase CLA in milk.

Description

Feed for dairy cows and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a feed preparation technology, in particular to a feed for dairy cows and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The quality of milk depends on the nutritional and bioactive ingredients it contains. In recent years, research shows that fatty acids are closely related to health, wherein short-chain fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids are beneficial to human health, and ingestion of saturated fatty acids such as excessive lauric acid, cinnamic acid and palmitic acid is easy to increase the level of cholesterol in blood, thereby causing diseases such as arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. The saturated fatty acid content in the common milk is about 62%, the unsaturated fatty acid content is too low, and the polyunsaturated fatty acid content is only 4%, so how to increase the short chain fatty acid and the unsaturated fatty acid content in the milk has become a major concern in the dairy cow breeding industry at present.

Studies have shown that adding fat to dairy cows' ration is an important way to increase the energy concentration of the ration and to provide polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, because of the complex rumen microbiology of cows, the direct addition of fat can inhibit the activity of rumen microorganisms, change the rumen fermentation type, reduce the digestibility of cellulose and make the fat not fully utilized in the daily ration of cows. Meanwhile, unsaturated fatty acid is converted into saturated fatty acid due to hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid by rumen microorganism, so that physiological function of unsaturated fatty acid is lost. Therefore, the current utilization of fat by cows needs to solve the problems that fat in daily ration affects rumen fermentation and unsaturated fatty acid in the fat is easy to hydrogenate.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a feed for dairy cows and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the feed for the dairy cows comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-75 parts of silage, 35-45 parts of alfalfa, 15-20 parts of oat grass, 20-25 parts of wheat bran, 3-5 parts of walnut, 10-15 parts of fried soybean, 0.5-1 part of mildew remover, 1-2 parts of yeast culture and 0.1-0.2 part of acetic acid bacteria.

Further, the raw materials for preparing the mildew remover comprise 60-65wt% of modified montmorillonite, 5-10wt% of zeolite, 5-10wt% of methionine, 5-10wt% of vitamin C and the balance of bentonite.

Further, the preparation method of the modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps:

1) Adding montmorillonite into acid solution for reaction, filtering, washing with water to neutrality, filtering, adding into sodium chloride aqueous solution for reaction, washing with water, drying, and pulverizing to obtain intermediate product;

2) Adding the intermediate product into water, adding lysine to react, filtering, drying and crushing to obtain the modified montmorillonite.

Further, in the step 1), the reaction time in the acid solution is 4-6 hours; the reaction time in the sodium chloride aqueous solution is 2-3 h;

in the step 2), the reaction time is 1-2 h.

Further, in step 1), the aqueous acid solution is an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution; the concentration of the acid aqueous solution is 0.2-0.5 mol/L; the concentration of the sodium chloride aqueous solution is 4-6 mol/L.

Further, in step 1), the weight-to-volume ratio of montmorillonite to acid solution is 1: 15-20; the weight volume ratio of montmorillonite to sodium chloride aqueous solution is 1:10 to 15.

Further, in step 2), the weight ratio of the intermediate to lysine is 1:0.5 to 0.8.

Further, in the step 1), the drying temperature is 450-500 ℃; in step 2), the drying temperature is 90-110 ℃.

Further, the fried soybeans are prepared by putting soybeans into a container and stir-frying with small fire for 30-40 min.

A preparation method of feed for dairy cows comprises mixing all raw materials uniformly to obtain the feed for dairy cows.

The feed for the dairy cows and the preparation method thereof have the beneficial effects that:

the trace unsaturated fatty acid-Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) in the milk has a specific bioactivity effect, the concentration difference among CLA isomers in the milk is large, different daily ration types have great influence on the final content of the CLA, and as the CLA in the milk mainly has two paths of rumen generation and mammary gland endogenous synthesis, different daily ration can cause the change of rumen fermentation modes and fermentation products, thereby influencing the generation of a rumen UFA hydrogenation intermediate product trans C18:1 through tissue desaturase, further influencing the CLA in the milk, the change of trans C18:1 fatty acid can be improved, the rumen hydrogenation path is changed, and the CLA in the milk is increased when the milk cow feed is fed;

the walnut contains about 62 percent of fat, wherein 71 percent of fat is linoleic acid and 12 percent of fat is linolenic acid; the fat content in the soybean is about 18-20%, wherein unsaturated fatty acid accounts for more than 80%, and the unsaturated fatty acid and other raw materials are matched with each other to promote the milk cows to generate CLA;

the whole grain of fried soybeans can protect fat in the fried soybeans from being hardly utilized by rumen bacteria, and the protected unsaturated fatty acid can effectively improve CLA in milk after being absorbed by cows; meanwhile, the protected fat can also reduce the inhibition effect of grease on rumen cellulolytic bacteria and improve the cellulose digestibility;

the alfalfa has higher calcium content, can form insoluble calcium soap with fat in the walnut, so that the fat in the walnut is not hydrogenated through rumen, thereby improving the generation of CLA in milk; meanwhile, the protected fat can also reduce the inhibition effect of grease on rumen cellulolytic bacteria and improve the cellulose digestibility;

the A1 type bacteria and the B2 type bacteria in the rumen of the cattle can utilize pentose obtained by hydrolyzing wheat bran to ferment to generate ethanol, the newly added acetic acid bacteria utilize the ethanol generated by fermenting the rumen to ferment to generate acetate ions, the acetate ions are beneficial to the synthesis of short chain fatty acids in milk, and meanwhile, the acetate ions can also improve the pH value of the rumen, promote the growth and propagation of microorganisms and the decomposition and absorption of various nutrient substances, and improve the digestion rate of cellulose;

by modifying the montmorillonite, the adsorption performance and chemical performance of the montmorillonite are improved, lysine is slowly released while the mildew of the feed for the dairy cows is inhibited, and the milk yield and the milk quality of the dairy cows are improved.

Detailed Description

The following description of the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clear and complete. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

Example 1A feed for cows

The embodiment is a feed for dairy cows, comprising the following specific steps:

1. preparation of modified montmorillonite

1) Adding 1kg of montmorillonite with fineness of 200 meshes into 20L of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with concentration of 0.5mol/L, stirring at room temperature for reacting for 5 hours, filtering, washing with water to neutrality, filtering, adding the obtained wet product into 15L of sodium chloride aqueous solution with concentration of 5mol/L, stirring for reacting for 5 hours, filtering, washing with water for three times, filtering, drying at 500 ℃ for 4 hours, grinding, crushing, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain an intermediate product;

2) Adding 0.5kg of intermediate product into 10L of water for dispersion, adding 0.3kg of lysine for stirring reaction for 1.5h, filtering, drying at 100 ℃ for 12h, grinding, crushing, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain modified montmorillonite, and marking as G1.

2. Preparation of feed for dairy cows

S1, respectively crushing zeolite and bentonite, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve for later use;

mixing 0.65kg of modified montmorillonite, 0.1kg of crushed zeolite, 0.1kg of methionine, 0.05kg of vitamin C and 0.1kg of crushed bentonite uniformly to obtain a mildew removing agent, and marking as T1.

Parching semen glycines with slow fire for 30min to obtain parched semen glycines.

S2, respectively crushing whole silage (dried), alfalfa (dried), oat grass (dried) and bran for later use;

70kg of crushed whole plant silage, 40kg of crushed alfalfa, 15kg of crushed oat grass, 25kg of bran, 4kg of walnut, 15kg of fried soybean, 1kg of mold release agent T1, 1.5kg of yeast culture (purchased from Hebei Hua Biotechnology Co., ltd.) and 0.15kg of acetic acid bacteria (purchased from Shandong Liriot Biotechnology Co., ltd.) are uniformly mixed to obtain a feed for dairy cows, and the feed is marked as L1.

EXAMPLES 2 TO 5 cow feed

Examples 2 to 5 are each a feed for cows, which are basically identical to example 1 in terms of the steps and only differ in the process parameters, and are shown in table 1 in detail:

table 1 list of process parameters in examples 2 to 5

The process parameters and steps of the other parts of examples 2 to 5 are the same as those of example 1.

Experimental example 1

Comparative examples 1 to 4 are comparative tests for preparing a feed for dairy cows in example 1, using the same lot of modified montmorillonite G1 as in example 1, differing only in that:

in comparative example 1, no walnut was added, 19kg of roasted soybean was added, and the obtained feed for cows was designated as DL1.

Only 5kg of roasted soybeans was added to comparative example 2, and the resultant cow feed was designated as DL2.

A common commercial mold remover (purchased from Jinan Xin Yi Min chemical technology Co., ltd.) was added to comparative example 3, and the resultant cow feed was designated as DL3.

In comparative example 4, no acetic acid bacteria were added, and the resultant cow feed was designated as DL4.

Comparative examples 5 to 6 are comparative tests for preparing a feed for dairy cows in example 1, which differ only in that:

in comparative example 5, arginine was used instead of lysine, the marking code of the modified montmorillonite was DG1, and the cow feed prepared using the modified montmorillonite DG1 was DL5.

The drying temperature of step 1) in comparative example 6 was 100 ℃, the marking code of the obtained modified montmorillonite was DG2, and the feed for dairy cows prepared using the modified montmorillonite DG2 was DL6.

40 Chinese Holstein cows (entrusted co-production unit experiments) are selected respectively, the number of the cows is 2, the number of the cows is randomly divided into 8 groups, each group is 5, the average weight of each group, the average daily milk yield of the past average daily milk yield and the like are respectively controlled by the control group and the experimental groups 1 to 7, no statistical difference exists among the cows, the control group always feeds common cow feeds, the experimental groups 1 to 7 respectively feed the cow feeds L1 and the DL1 to DL6 prepared in the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1 to 6 from 100 days after production (namely, the experimental group 1 feeds the cow feed L1, the experimental group 2 feeds the cow feed DL1, the experimental group 3 feeds the cow feed DL2 and the like), other breeding conditions refer to the cow feeding standard (NY/T34-2004), independent daily milk feeding is adopted, the milk yield of each group is counted after milking at 07:00, 13:00 and 19:00 respectively, after 30 days of continuous feeding, and samples of each group on 31 days are collected, the mixed samples are respectively prepared, the mixed samples are respectively, and the mixed samples are obtained by mixing the cow samples are mixed respectively, and the mixed cow samples are obtained respectively, and the mixed cow samples are obtained.

The milk fat rate, the milk protein rate, the lactose rate, the short chain fatty acid and the CLA of the mixed sample are respectively detected, and specific detection methods refer to research on the influence of a compound feed additive on the quality of the long-chain jersey milk and influence and mechanism of daily ration unsaturated fatty acid on the synthesis of milk fat Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA), and specific detection results are as follows:

table 2 list of test results

Wherein, the CLA content is expressed by the total amount of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and the ratio of short-chain fatty acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and linoleic acid is the ratio of the short-chain fatty acid, the linoleic acid, the linolenic acid and the linoleic acid in milk fat.

As can be seen from Table 2, the feed for cows of the present invention can significantly improve the milk yield and milk quality of cows, wherein the milk fat percentage, the non-fat solids and the milk protein percentage are all improved, and the short chain fatty acid content, the CLA content and the oleic acid content in fat are all significantly improved.

The mildew remover prepared from the modified montmorillonite can also correspondingly improve the milk fat rate, non-fat solid matters and milk protein rate in milk when being used for feeding cows.

In summary, it can be seen that the dairy cow feed provided by the invention does not reduce milk yield, and by means of the mutual cooperation of whole grain fried soybeans, walnuts, acetic acid bacteria and the like, the problems of inhibiting the activity of rumen microorganisms and reducing the digestion rate of cellulose by fat are fully solved, so that the fat is fully utilized in dairy cow daily ration. Meanwhile, the feed for the dairy cows effectively improves the quality of the dairy cows, solves the problem that unsaturated fatty acid is easy to be hydrogenated by rumen, and obviously increases the unsaturated fatty acid and short chain fatty acid in the milk.

It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The feed for the dairy cows is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-75 parts of silage, 35-45 parts of alfalfa, 15-20 parts of oat grass, 20-25 parts of bran, 3-5 parts of walnut, 10-15 parts of fried soybean, 0.5-1 part of mildew remover, 1-2 parts of yeast culture and 0.1-0.2 part of acetic acid bacteria;

the raw materials for preparing the mildew remover comprise 60-65wt% of modified montmorillonite, 5-10wt% of zeolite, 5-10wt% of methionine, 5-10wt% of vitamin C and the balance of bentonite;

the preparation method of the modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps:

1) Adding montmorillonite into acid solution for reaction, filtering, washing with water to neutrality, filtering, adding into sodium chloride aqueous solution for reaction, washing with water, drying, and pulverizing to obtain intermediate product; the drying temperature is 450-500 ℃;

2) Adding the intermediate product into water, adding lysine to react, filtering, drying and crushing to obtain the modified montmorillonite; the drying temperature is 90-110 ℃.

2. The dairy cow feed according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the reaction time in the acid solution is 4-6 hours; the reaction time in the sodium chloride aqueous solution is 2-3 hours;

in the step 2), the reaction time is 1-2 h.

3. The dairy cow feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in step 1), the acid solution is aqueous hydrochloric acid; the concentration of the acid solution is 0.2-0.5 mol/L; the concentration of the sodium chloride aqueous solution is 4-6 mol/L.

4. The dairy cow feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step 1), the weight-to-volume ratio of montmorillonite to acid solution is 1: 15-20 parts of a base; the weight volume ratio of montmorillonite to sodium chloride aqueous solution is 1: 10-15.

5. The dairy cow feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in step 2), the weight ratio of intermediate to lysine is 1:0.5 to 0.8.

6. The feed for dairy cows according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fried soybeans are prepared by putting soybeans into a container and stir-frying with slow fire for 30-40 min.

7. The method for preparing the feed for dairy cows as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that all raw materials are taken and mixed uniformly to obtain the feed for dairy cows.