CN115606699A - Cow feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Cow feed and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115606699A
CN115606699A CN202211303388.3A CN202211303388A CN115606699A CN 115606699 A CN115606699 A CN 115606699A CN 202211303388 A CN202211303388 A CN 202211303388A CN 115606699 A CN115606699 A CN 115606699A
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feed
parts
cow
montmorillonite
dairy
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CN115606699B (en
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曹晶晶
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Qian'an Aoxin Agricultural Development Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
    • A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
    • A23L5/273—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption using adsorption or absorption agents, resins, synthetic polymers, or ion exchangers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Abstract

The invention provides a feed for dairy cows and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of feed preparation. The feed for the dairy cow can improve the change of trans C18:1 fatty acid, change the rumen hydrogenation path and increase CLA in milk.

Description

Cow feed and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a feed preparation technology, in particular to a feed for dairy cows and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The quality of milk depends on the nutritional and bioactive components it contains. Recent studies show that fatty acids are closely related to health, short-chain fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids are beneficial to human health, and excessive intake of saturated fatty acids such as lauric acid, cinnamic acid and palmitic acid tends to increase the level of cholesterol in blood, which in turn leads to diseases such as arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. The content of saturated fatty acid in the common milk is about 62 percent, the content of unsaturated fatty acid is too low, and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid is only 4 percent, so that how to improve the content of short-chain fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid in the milk becomes a problem of important attention in the dairy cow breeding industry at present.
Research shows that adding fat into daily ration of milk cow is an important way to increase daily ration energy concentration and provide polyunsaturated fatty acid. However, due to the complex rumen microflora of the dairy cows, direct addition of fat can inhibit the activity of rumen microorganisms, change the rumen fermentation type, reduce the digestibility of cellulose, and make fat not be fully utilized in dairy cows' diets. Meanwhile, due to the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid by rumen microorganisms, unsaturated fatty acid is converted into saturated fatty acid, and the physiological function of unsaturated fatty acid is lost. Therefore, the utilization of fat by dairy cows needs to solve the problems that fat in daily ration affects rumen fermentation and unsaturated fatty acid in the daily ration is easy to be hydrogenated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a feed for dairy cows and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the feed for the dairy cows comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 to 75 portions of silage, 35 to 45 portions of alfalfa, 15 to 20 portions of oat grass, 20 to 25 portions of bran, 3 to 5 portions of walnut, 10 to 15 portions of fried soybean, 0.5 to 1 portion of mold remover, 1 to 2 portions of yeast culture and 0.1 to 0.2 portion of acetic acid bacteria.
Furthermore, the raw materials for preparing the mold remover comprise 60-65 wt% of modified montmorillonite, 5-10 wt% of zeolite, 5-10 wt% of methionine, 5-10 wt% of vitamin C and the balance of bentonite.
Further, the preparation method of the modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps:
1) Adding montmorillonite into acid solution for reaction, filtering, washing with water to neutrality, filtering, adding into sodium chloride water solution for reaction, washing with water, drying, and pulverizing to obtain intermediate product;
2) Adding the intermediate product into water, adding lysine for reaction, filtering, drying and crushing to obtain the modified montmorillonite.
Further, in the step 1), the reaction time in the acid solution is 4-6 h; the reaction time in the sodium chloride aqueous solution is 2 to 3 hours;
in the step 2), the reaction time is 1-2 h.
Further, in the step 1), the acid aqueous solution is hydrochloric acid aqueous solution; the concentration of the acid water solution is 0.2-0.5 mol/L; the concentration of the sodium chloride aqueous solution is 4-6 mol/L.
Further, in the step 1), the weight-volume ratio of the montmorillonite to the acid solution is 1:15 to 20; the weight volume ratio of montmorillonite to sodium chloride aqueous solution is 1:10 to 15.
Further, in the step 2), the weight ratio of the intermediate product to lysine is 1:0.5 to 0.8.
Further, in the step 1), the drying temperature is 450-500 ℃; in the step 2), the drying temperature is 90-110 ℃.
Furthermore, the fried soybean is prepared by putting soybeans into a container and stir-frying the soybeans for 30 to 40min with small fire.
A preparation method of a feed for dairy cows comprises the steps of uniformly mixing all the raw materials to obtain the feed for the dairy cows.
The feed for the dairy cattle and the preparation method thereof have the beneficial effects that:
the Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) which is a trace unsaturated fatty acid in milk has a specific biological activity effect, the concentration difference between CLA isomers in the milk is large, the final content of the CLA isomers is greatly influenced by different dietary types, and because the CLA in the milk mainly has two ways of rumen generation and mammary endogenous synthesis, different dietary causes the change of rumen fermentation mode and fermentation products, so that the generation of a transC 18:1 rumen UFA hydrogenation intermediate product is influenced by tissue desaturase, further the CLA in the milk is influenced, and the change of the trans C18:1 fatty acid can be improved by feeding the milk cow feed disclosed by the invention, the rumen hydrogenation path is changed, and the CLA in the milk is increased;
the walnut contains about 62% of fat, wherein 71% of the fat is linoleic acid, and 12% of the fat is linolenic acid; the fat content of the soybean is about 18-20%, wherein the unsaturated fatty acid accounts for more than 80%, and the two and other raw materials are matched with each other to promote the milk cow to generate CLA;
the whole fried soybean can protect fat in the fried soybean from being hardly utilized by rumen bacteria, and the CLA in milk can be effectively improved after protected unsaturated fatty acid is absorbed by the milk cow; meanwhile, the protected fat can also reduce the inhibition effect of the oil on rumen cellulose decomposition bacteria and improve the cellulose digestibility;
the alfalfa has high calcium content, and can form insoluble calcium soap with fat in the walnut, so that the fat in the walnut is not hydrogenated through rumen, thereby improving the generation of CLA in milk; meanwhile, the protected fat can also reduce the inhibition effect of the oil on rumen cellulose decomposition bacteria and improve the cellulose digestibility;
a1 type bacteria and B2 type bacteria in the bovine rumen can utilize pentose obtained by hydrolyzing bran to ferment and generate ethanol, newly added acetic acid bacteria utilize ethanol generated by rumen fermentation to ferment and generate acetate ions, the acetate ions are beneficial to synthesis of short-chain fatty acid in milk, and simultaneously the acetate ions can also improve the pH value of the rumen, promote the growth and propagation of microorganisms and the decomposition and absorption of various nutrient substances, and improve the cellulose digestibility;
according to the invention, through modifying the montmorillonite, the adsorption performance and chemical performance of the montmorillonite are improved, the lysine is slowly released while the mildew of the feed for the dairy cows is inhibited, and the milk yield and the milk quality of the dairy cows are improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example 1A feed for cows
The embodiment is a feed for dairy cows, which comprises the following specific steps:
1. preparation of modified montmorillonite
1) Taking 20L of 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, adding 1kg of 200-mesh montmorillonite, stirring at room temperature for 5 hours of reaction, carrying out suction filtration, washing with water until the solution is neutral, carrying out suction filtration, adding the obtained wet product into 15L of 5mol/L sodium chloride aqueous solution with concentration of 5mol/L, stirring for 5 hours of reaction, carrying out suction filtration, washing with water for three times, carrying out suction filtration, drying at 500 ℃ for 4 hours, grinding and crushing, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain an intermediate product;
2) Adding 0.5kg of intermediate product into 10L of water for dispersion, adding 0.3kg of lysine, stirring for reaction for 1.5h, filtering, drying at 100 deg.C for 12h, grinding, pulverizing, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve to obtain modified montmorillonite, which is labeled as G1.
2. Preparation of cow feed
S1, respectively crushing zeolite and bentonite, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve for later use;
0.65kg of modified montmorillonite, 0.1kg of pulverized zeolite, 0.1kg of methionine, 0.05kg of vitamin C and 0.1kg of pulverized bentonite are mixed uniformly to obtain the mildew removing agent, which is marked as T1.
Parching semen glycines with slow fire for 30min to obtain parched semen glycines.
S2, respectively crushing the whole silage (dried), alfalfa (dried), oat grass (dried) and bran for later use;
70kg of crushed whole silage, 40kg of crushed alfalfa, 15kg of crushed oat grass, 25kg of bran, 4kg of walnut, 15kg of fried soybean, 1kg of mildew remover T1, 1.5kg of yeast culture (purchased from Hebei Hua products Biotech limited) and 0.15kg of acetic acid bacteria (purchased from Shandong Cuihua Biotech limited) are mixed uniformly to obtain the feed for the dairy cow, which is marked as L1.
Example 2 to 5 cow feed
Examples 2 to 5 are respectively a feed for dairy cows, which has substantially the same steps as example 1, but differs only in the process parameters, as detailed in table 1:
TABLE 1 summary of the process parameters of examples 2 to 5
Figure BDA0003904848620000051
Figure BDA0003904848620000061
The process parameters and procedures in other parts of examples 2 to 5 were the same as in example 1.
Experimental example 1
Comparative examples 1 to 4 are comparative tests of preparing a feed for cows in example 1, using the same batch of modified montmorillonite G1 as in example 1, except that:
in comparative example 1, no walnut was added, 19kg of parched soybean was added, and the obtained cow feed was labeled as DL1.
In comparative example 2, only 5kg of parched soybean was added, and the obtained cow feed was labeled as DL2.
In comparative example 3, a common commercially available mold remover (purchased from new and beneficiary chemical technology limited of Jinnan) was added, and the obtained cow feed was labeled as DL3.
In comparative example 4, acetic acid bacteria were not added, and the obtained cow feed was labeled as DL4.
Comparative examples 5 to 6 are comparative tests of preparing the cow feed in example 1, except that:
in comparative example 5, arginine was used instead of lysine, the obtained modified montmorillonite was labeled DG1, and the cow feed prepared from modified montmorillonite DG1 was labeled DL5.
The drying temperature in step 1) in comparative example 6 was 100 ℃, the obtained modified montmorillonite was labeled DG2, and the cow feed prepared from the modified montmorillonite DG2 was labeled DL6.
Respectively selecting 40 Chinese Holstein cows (consignment cooperation unit experiment), wherein the number of births is 2, randomly dividing the cow into 8 groups, 5 cow groups in each group are respectively a control group and experimental groups 1-7, the average body weight of each group, the average daily milk yield and the like have no statistical difference, the control group is always fed with common cow feed, the experimental groups 1-7 respectively start feeding the cow feeds L1 and DL 1-DL 6 prepared in the example 1 and the 1-6 from 100 days after production (namely the cow feed L1 fed by the experimental group 1, the cow feed DL1 fed by the experimental group 2, and the cow feed DL2 fed by the experimental group 3, and so on), other breeding conditions refer to cow standard feeding (NY/T34-2004), the cows are fed independently, the cows are respectively fed in proportions of 07, 13, 19 00, and 30min, and after the cow is fed for 30 days, the milk yields of the respective groups are counted, the first 31 days, the cow samples in the first group are respectively prepared, and the mixed milk samples of the cow corresponding cow groups are respectively extruded, and the mixed milk samples are respectively obtained by mixing the cow corresponding early and the cow mixed samples are respectively obtained by mixing and the cow sampling method comprises the following steps.
The method specifically refers to research on the influence of the compound feed additive on the milk quality of jersey and influence and mechanism of daily ration unsaturated fatty acid on the synthesis of milk fat Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA), and specifically comprises the following steps:
TABLE 2 summary of test results
Figure BDA0003904848620000071
Figure BDA0003904848620000081
Wherein, the CLA content is expressed by the total amount of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and the proportions of the short-chain fatty acid, the linoleic acid, the linolenic acid and the linoleic acid are the proportions thereof in milk fat.
As can be seen from Table 2, the feed for dairy cows of the present invention can significantly improve the milk yield and milk quality of dairy cows, wherein the milk fat rate, the non-fat solids and the milk protein rate are all improved, and the short chain fatty acid content, the CLA content and the oleic acid content in the fat are all significantly improved.
The mildew removing agent prepared from the modified montmorillonite can be used for feeding dairy cows, and the milk fat rate, the non-fat solid matter and the milk protein rate in the milk can be correspondingly improved.
In conclusion, the feed for the dairy cows does not reduce the milk yield, and fully solves the problems of inhibiting the activity of rumen microorganisms and reducing the cellulose digestibility by the fat by means of the mutual matching of the whole-grain fried soybean, the walnut and the acetic acid bacteria and the like, so that the fat is fully utilized in the daily ration of the dairy cows. Meanwhile, the feed for the dairy cow effectively improves the milk quality, solves the problem that unsaturated fatty acid is easily hydrogenated by rumen, and obviously increases unsaturated fatty acid and short-chain fatty acid in milk.
It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The feed for the dairy cows is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 to 75 parts of silage, 35 to 45 parts of alfalfa, 15 to 20 parts of oat grass, 20 to 25 parts of bran, 3238 parts of walnut, 10 to 15 parts of fried soybean, 0.5 to 1 part of mildew remover, 3262 parts of yeast culture, 3262 parts of zxft 3262 parts of and 0.1 to 0.2 part of acetic acid bacteria.
2. The dairy cow feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw materials for preparing the mold release agent comprise 60 to 65wt% of modified montmorillonite, 5 to 10wt% of zeolite, 5 to 10wt% of methionine, 5 to 10wt% of vitamin C and the balance bentonite.
3. The dairy cow feed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the modified montmorillonite is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
1) Adding montmorillonite into acid solution for reaction, filtering, washing with water to neutrality, filtering, adding into sodium chloride water solution for reaction, washing with water, drying, and pulverizing to obtain intermediate product;
2) Adding the intermediate product into water, adding lysine for reaction, filtering, drying and crushing to obtain the modified montmorillonite.
4. The cow feed according to claim 3, wherein in the step 1), the reaction time in the acid solution is 4 to 6 hours; the reaction time in the sodium chloride aqueous solution is 2 to 3h;
in the step 2), the reaction time is 1 to 2h.
5. The feed for dairy cows according to claim 3 or 4, wherein in step 1), the aqueous acid solution is an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution; the concentration of the acid water solution is 0.2 to 0.5mol/L; the concentration of the sodium chloride aqueous solution is 4 to 6mol/L.
6. The feed for dairy cows according to claim 3 or 4, wherein in step 1), the weight-to-volume ratio of montmorillonite to acid solution is 1:15 to 20; the weight volume ratio of montmorillonite to sodium chloride aqueous solution is 1:10 to 15.
7. The dairy cow feed according to claim 3 or 4, wherein in step 2), the weight ratio of the intermediate product to lysine is 1:0.5 to 0.8.
8. The cow feed as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein in the step 1), the drying temperature is 450-500 ℃; in the step 2), the drying temperature is 90 to 110 ℃.
9. The cow feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the roasted soybean is obtained by roasting soybean in a container over a slow fire for 30 to 40min.
10. The method for preparing a feed for dairy cows according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the feed for dairy cows is obtained by uniformly mixing all the raw materials.
CN202211303388.3A 2022-10-24 2022-10-24 Feed for dairy cows and preparation method thereof Active CN115606699B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101982090A (en) * 2010-09-15 2011-03-02 新疆维吾尔自治区畜牧科学院饲料研究所 Cow daily ration preparation technology for producing functional milk
CN106465794A (en) * 2015-08-18 2017-03-01 中创云牧科技咨询(北京)股份有限公司 A kind of feedstuff for being enriched with conjugated linoleic acid in milch cow raw material milk
CN107897519A (en) * 2017-11-28 2018-04-13 雅安市雨城区名扬舒心农场 A kind of milk cow growth feed
CN110419626A (en) * 2019-09-06 2019-11-08 四川禀承实业有限公司 A kind of feed formula and milk cow feeding method improving milk quality
CN110973378A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-10 安徽华好生态养殖有限公司 Cow feed and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101982090A (en) * 2010-09-15 2011-03-02 新疆维吾尔自治区畜牧科学院饲料研究所 Cow daily ration preparation technology for producing functional milk
CN106465794A (en) * 2015-08-18 2017-03-01 中创云牧科技咨询(北京)股份有限公司 A kind of feedstuff for being enriched with conjugated linoleic acid in milch cow raw material milk
CN107897519A (en) * 2017-11-28 2018-04-13 雅安市雨城区名扬舒心农场 A kind of milk cow growth feed
CN110419626A (en) * 2019-09-06 2019-11-08 四川禀承实业有限公司 A kind of feed formula and milk cow feeding method improving milk quality
CN110973378A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-10 安徽华好生态养殖有限公司 Cow feed and preparation method thereof

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